1
|
Ribatti D, Tamma R, Annese T, Ingravallo G, Specchia G. Macrophages and angiogenesis in human lymphomas. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38285283 PMCID: PMC10824884 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
A link exists between chronic inflammation and cancer and immune cells, angiogenesis, and tumor progression. In hematologic malignancies, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a significant part of the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages are classified into M1/classically activated and M2/alternatively activated. In tumors, TAMs are mainly constituted by M2 subtype, which promotes angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, repair, and remodeling, suppressing adaptive immunity, increasing tumor cell proliferation, drug resistance, histological malignancy, and poor clinical prognosis. The aim of our review article is to define the role of TAMs and their relationship with the angiogenesis in patients with lymphoma reporting both an analysis of main published data and those emerging from our studies. Finally, we have discussed the anti-angiogenic approach in the treatment of lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Libera Università del Mediterraneo (LUM) Giuseppe Degennaro University, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Britto TI, Fattah SA, Rahman MAU, Chowdhury MAU. A Systematic Review on Childhood Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Overlooked Phenomenon in the Health and Research Sector of Bangladesh. Cureus 2023; 15:e45937. [PMID: 37900448 PMCID: PMC10601349 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, childhood cancer, particularly non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs), is a prevalent concern. However, the difficulty becomes even more distressing in lower-middle-income nations such as Bangladesh. The insufficiency of research, resources, inadequate guidelines, expensive treatment costs, and specialized knowledge exacerbate the challenges associated with the treatment of certain types of cancers. Our investigation looked extensively into the circumstances prevailing in Bangladesh, with the objective of providing a comprehensive overview of the current status and approaches to managing NHL in the country. Through this work, our intention was to illuminate the domains that require immediate focus and assistance. To get insight into the present state of NHL in Bangladesh, our analysis focused on a selection of seven research articles and two case reports published between 2018 and 2023. In order to ensure the integrity and consistency of our review, we conducted a detailed selection procedure, employing the systematic PRISMA review methodology. From a pool of 294 papers, we selected the ones that met our predetermined criteria. These papers were sourced from reputable academic databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed. The findings of our study indicate a higher prevalence of NHL among children in Bangladesh compared to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Additionally, this phenomenon exhibits a higher prevalence among male individuals. Our study revealed that in Bangladesh, there is a lack of a dedicated guideline or research center specifically focused on NHL. Additionally, the number of research centers and research dedicated to cancer treatment as a whole is limited. Our research aims to offer a complete analysis of NHL in the context of Bangladesh, with the intention of offering valuable guidance to healthcare professionals and policymakers. The utilization of our research outcomes has the potential to enhance patient care, facilitate the development of more effective clinical protocols, and promote greater accessibility and affordability of therapies. This has the potential to provide improved cancer care not only in Bangladesh but also in other comparable contexts worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzir Islam Britto
- Nephrology, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, BGD
- Nephrology, National Institute of Kidney Diseases and Urology, Dhaka, BGD
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Georgoulis V, Papoudou-Bai A, Makis A, Kanavaros P, Hatzimichael E. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:862. [PMID: 37372147 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a lymphoid neoplasm composed of rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by a reactive tumor microenvironment (TME) with suppressive properties against anti-tumor immunity. TME is mainly composed of T cells (CD4 helper, CD8 cytotoxic and regulatory) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), but the impact of these cells on the natural course of the disease is not absolutely understood. TME contributes to the immune evasion of neoplastic HRS cells through the production of various cytokines and/or the aberrant expression of immune checkpoint molecules in ways that have not been fully understood yet. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of findings regarding the cellular components and the molecular features of the immune TME in cHL, its correlation with treatment response and prognosis, as well as the potential targeting of the TME with novel therapies. Among all cells, macrophages appear to be a most appealing target for immunomodulatory therapies, based on their functional plasticity and antitumor potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Georgoulis
- Department of Hematology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra Papoudou-Bai
- Department of Pathology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandros Makis
- Department of Child Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 000 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Hematology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ballhausen A, Ben Hamza A, Welters C, Dietze K, Bullinger L, Rahn HP, Hartmann S, Hansmann ML, Hansmann L. Immune phenotypes and checkpoint molecule expression of clonally expanded lymph node-infiltrating T cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:515-521. [PMID: 35947165 PMCID: PMC9870823 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03264-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Lymph node-infiltrating T cells have been of particular interest in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). High rates of complete therapeutic responses to antibody-mediated immune checkpoint blockade, even in relapsed/refractory patients, suggest the existence of a T cell-dominated, antigen-experienced, functionally inhibited and lymphoma-directed immune microenvironment. We asked whether clonally expanded T cells (1) were detectable in cHL lymph nodes, (2) showed characteristic immune phenotypes, and (3) were inhibited by immune checkpoint molecule expression. We applied high-dimensional FACS index sorting and single cell T cell receptor αβ sequencing to lymph node-infiltrating T cells from 10 treatment-naïve patients. T cells were predominantly CD4+ and showed memory differentiation. Expression of classical immune checkpoint molecules (CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3) was generally low (< 12.0% of T cells) and not different between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Degrees of clonal T cell expansion varied between patients (range: 1-18 expanded clones per patient) and was almost exclusively restricted to CD8+ T cells. Clonally expanded T cells showed non-naïve phenotypes and low checkpoint molecule expression similar to non-expanded T cells. Our data suggest that the therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade require mechanisms in addition to dis-inhibition of pre-existing lymphoma-directed T cell responses. Future studies on immune checkpoint blockade-associated effects will identify molecular T cell targets, address dynamic aspects of cell compositions over time, and extend their focus beyond lymph node-infiltrating T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexej Ballhausen
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Amin Ben Hamza
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlotta Welters
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dietze
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Rahn
- Preparative Flow Cytometry, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Frankfurt Institute of Advanced Studies, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leo Hansmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin und Humboldt-Universität zu, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Longitudinal Body Composition Changes Detected by [ 18F]FDG PET/CT during and after Chemotherapy and Their Prognostic Role in Elderly Hodgkin Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14205147. [PMID: 36291931 PMCID: PMC9601090 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the longitudinal body changes in terms of muscle and adipose areas and their prognostic role in elderly (>65 years) patients affected by Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Skeletal muscle area (SMA), skeletal muscle index (SMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), and total dispose tissue (TAT) were measured using the computed tomography (CT) of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT ([18F]FDG PET/CT) in 88 patients who undertook baseline, interim (after two cycles of chemotherapy), and end-of-treatment (after 6 cycles of chemotherapy) PET/CT scans. Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured at pre-treatment PET/CT. Metabolic response applying Deauville score was evaluated at interim and end-of-treatment PET/CT. Survival curves, such as progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), were calculated for the whole population. Fifty-eight (66%) patients had sarcopenia at baseline and sarcopenia rate increased at interim scan with 68 (77%) cases and at end-of-treatment scan with 73 (83%) cases. Muscular areas (SMA and SMI) declined significantly during the treatment (p < 0.001), decreasing from baseline by 5% and 7% at interim and end-of-treatment evaluation, respectively. Instead, VAT, SAT, IMAT, and TAT increased significantly over this time (p < 0.001). Sarcopenia was significantly related with comprehensive geriatric assessment. PET/CT response at interim and end-of-treatment, MTV, TLG, and baseline sarcopenia were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Instead, metabolic response at interim and end-of-treatment PET, baseline sarcopenia, ΔSMI at interim, and ΔSMI at end-of-treatment for OS were independent prognostic factors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ingravallo G, Tamma R, Opinto G, Annese T, Gaudio F, Specchia G, Perrone T, Musto P, Cazzato G, Bellitti E, Capodiferro S, Maiorano E, Ribatti D. The Effect of the Tumor Microenvironment on Lymphoid Neoplasms Derived from B Cells. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030573. [PMID: 35328127 PMCID: PMC8947733 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphomas are characteristic tumors surrounded by an inflammatory microenvironment. The cells of the microenvironment are essential for the growth and survival of neoplastic cells and are recruited through the effect of cytokines/chemokines. Lymphomas include heterogeneous groups of neoplasms infiltrating various lymphoid structures which may arise from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells at various stages of their differentiation state. In this review article, we analyze the literature data concerning the involvement of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression of lymphomas and the recent advances in the analysis of microenvironment components in the most common forms: some mature B cell lymphoma neoplasms and classic Hodgkin lymphomas. The complex crosstalk between the TME and tumor cells led to the discovery of many mechanisms usable as molecular-targeted therapy through the control of diverse elements of the TME, varying from inhibitors of angiogenic cytokines and their receptors to the regulation of cells' activities and the novel immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (R.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (R.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Opinto
- Haematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Annese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (D.R.)
| | - Francesco Gaudio
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tommasina Perrone
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.G.); (T.P.); (P.M.)
| | - Gerardo Cazzato
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.B.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: (G.I.); (R.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Emilio Bellitti
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Saverio Capodiferro
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (T.A.); (D.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Opinto G, Agostinelli C, Ciavarella S, Guarini A, Maiorano E, Ingravallo G. Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Special Microenvironment. J Clin Med 2021; 10:4665. [PMID: 34682791 PMCID: PMC8541076 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is one of the most particular lymphomas for the few tumor cells surrounded by an inflammatory microenvironment. Reed-Sternberg (RS) and Hodgkin (H) cells reprogram and evade antitumor mechanisms of the normal cells present in the microenvironment. The cells of microenvironment are essential for growth and survival of the RS/H cells and are recruited through the effect of cytokines/chemokines. We summarize recent advances in gene expression profiling (GEP) analysis applied to study microenvironment component in cHL. We also describe the main therapies that target not only the neoplastic cells but also the cellular components of the background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Opinto
- Haematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.O.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Haematopathology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabino Ciavarella
- Haematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.O.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Attilio Guarini
- Haematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70124 Bari, Italy; (G.O.); (S.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong Y, Deng LJ, Li MM. Metachronous mixed cellularity classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma and T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8177-8185. [PMID: 34621878 PMCID: PMC8462207 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i27.8177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) after chemotherapy for Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) is rare, and highly aggressive TCL/leukemia has not been reported to date. The relationship between HL and PTCL needs further exploration to understand the pathogenesis of metachronous lymphoma (ML) and find effective treatment options. We report a patient with ML, whose biopsy of a right cervical lymph node initially confirmed classical HL (CHL).
CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with ML, whose biopsy of a right cervical lymph node initially confirmed CHL, with typical reed–sternberg cells expressing CD30 and PAX-5. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma occurred 3 years after treatment, and a lymph node biopsy at the onset confirmed PTCL, nonspecific type, expressing CD3, CD4 and CD8. The patient was treated with standard doses of chemotherapy, programmed cell death-ligand 1 monoclonal antibody, and chidamide, all of which failed to achieve complete remission. The patient was diagnosed with refractory state, and eventually died of leukocyte stasis.
CONCLUSION The accuracy of the diagnosis needs to be confirmed when chemotherapeutic drugs are not effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lai-Jun Deng
- Department of Hematology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Mi-Mi Li
- Department of Pathology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang 261000, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bas V, Umit EG, Korkmaz U, Baysal M, Karaman Gulsaran S, Demirci U, Kirkizlar HO, Durmus Altun G, Demir AM. Sarcopenia in Hodgkin's lymphoma evaluated with 18-FDG PET/CT, focus on age, performance, and treatment. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:2475-2480. [PMID: 32929535 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as a progressive and generalized muscle disorder associated with certain physiological and pathological conditions. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with HL using 18-fluoro deoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT, which would provide a data of muscle mass with the CT compartment and also data of muscle metabolism with the 18-FDG compartment of the imaging modality. Fifty-nine patients diagnosed with HL were included in the study. PET/CT images before and after treatment were evaluated with regard to lumbar muscle mass and metabolism. Mean lumbar muscle evaluation with CT before treatment was 92, 40 HU, and after treatment was 89, 41 HU. Mean metabolic tumor volume (MTV) evaluated with FDG PET before treatment was 4, 13 mm3 while after treatment was 4, 10 mm3. The lumbar muscle mass in terms of HU which was evaluated with CT was observed to be decreased after treatment. Likewise, the metabolic evaluation was observed to be also decreased after treatment. Despite the decline in muscle mass after treatment in the whole group, this decline was particularly observed in the better initial performance group. In patients with BMI > 32, there was a significant decline in muscle mass. Abdominal nodal involvement was related with poorer muscle mass and quality. In HL care, particular attention should be given to patients who are younger and with better physical condition in terms of preserving the muscle reserves and preventing sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Bas
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Elif Gulsum Umit
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Ulku Korkmaz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Baysal
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | | | - Ufuk Demirci
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | | | - Gulay Durmus Altun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Muzafer Demir
- Department of Hematology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakai Y, Phimsen S, Okada S, Kuwahara K. The critical role of germinal center-associated nuclear protein in cell biology, immunohematology, and hematolymphoid oncogenesis. Exp Hematol 2020; 90:30-38. [PMID: 32827560 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP) is a unique and multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in cell biology, neurodegenerative disorders, immunohematology, and oncogenesis. GANP is an orthologue of Saccharomyces Sac3, one of the components of the transcription export 2 (TREX-2) complex and a messenger RNA (mRNA) nuclear export factor. GANP is widely conserved in all mammals, including humans. Although GANP was originally discovered as a molecule upregulated in the germinal centers of secondary lymphoid follicles in peripheral lymphoid organs, it is expressed ubiquitously in many tissues. It serves numerous functions, including making up part of the mammalian TREX-2 complex; mRNA nuclear export via nuclear pores; prevention of R-loop formation, genomic instability, and hyper-recombination; and B-cell affinity maturation. In this review, we first overview the extensive analyses that have revealed the basic functions of GANP and its ancestor molecule Sac3, including mRNA nuclear export and regulation of R-loop formation. We then describe how aberrant expression of GANP is significantly associated with cancer development. Moreover, we discuss a crucial role for GANP in B-cell development, especially affinity maturation in germinal centers. Finally, we illustrate that overexpression of GANP in B cells leads to lymphomagenesis resembling Hodgkin lymphoma derived from germinal center B cells, and that GANP may be involved in transdifferentiation of B cells to macrophages, which strongly affects Hodgkin lymphomagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Suchada Phimsen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Retroviral Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meconi F, Provenzano I, Nasso D, Mariotti B, Pupo L, Secchi R, Cerretti R, Lucia A, Arcese W, Cantonetti M. A case of metachronous peripheral T-Cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma following chemotherapy for Hodgkin disease successfully treated with brentuximab vedotin. Clin Case Rep 2020; 8:1353-1356. [PMID: 32884752 PMCID: PMC7455409 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Occasionally, non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) occur simultaneously or subsequently to Hodgkin disease. We report on a case of a woman with Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVD, who developed 4 years later T-cell NHL with both nodal and extranodal involvement. Brentuximab vedotin could be an effective choice in treating metachronous T-cell NHL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Meconi
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Ida Provenzano
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Daniela Nasso
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Livio Pupo
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Roberto Secchi
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Anemona Lucia
- Anatomic PathologyDepartment of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - William Arcese
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Maria Cantonetti
- Department of Biomedicine and PreventionUniversity Tor VergataRomeItaly
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ryu H, Kim K, Ryu J, Son HE, Ryu JY, Kim S, Na KY, Chae DW, Chin HJ. Cancer development and mortality differences in patients with glomerulonephritis after renal biopsy: a single center retrospective cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:221. [PMID: 32522167 PMCID: PMC7288504 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between glomerulonephritis (GN) and cancer has been well known for decades. However, studies evaluating long-term de novo cancer development in patients with GN are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of cancer development among patients with renal biopsy-proven GN during post-biopsy follow-up and the differences in outcomes according to cancer occurrence. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients who underwent renal biopsy at Seoul National Bundang Hospital between 2003 and 2017. After excluding 778 patients with age < 18 years, cancer diagnosis before or within 6 months after renal biopsy, immunosuppressant therapy before renal biopsy, or pathologic diagnoses other than GN, 822 patients were included in the analysis. Data on baseline clinical characteristics, renal biopsy results, and types and doses of immunosuppressant agents were collected from electronic medical records. The incidence of cancer was censored on the date when the first cancer was diagnosed. We evaluated rates of mortality and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development during follow-up. Results During a mean follow-up period of 58.9 ± 44.5 months, 45 subjects (5.5%) developed de novo cancer. A comparison of clinical characteristics between subjects who did and did not develop cancer revealed that cancer patients were older and had higher comorbidities and immunosuppressant use. Overall, patients with GN had an elevated standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 7.16 (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.22–9.61) relative to the age- and sex-matched general population. In particular, the SIR was significantly higher in GNs such as membranous nephropathy (MN), IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model revealed that patients with MN had an increased risk of cancer development, with a hazard ratio of 2.30 [95% CI: 1.06–4.98]. Patients with MN who developed cancer had a significantly higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio: 6.59; 95% CI: 1.22–35.56, P = 0.03) than those without cancer, but there was a non-significant difference in ESRD development. Conclusions: Patients with GN without concurrent cancer, particularly those with MN, have significantly higher risks of cancer development and subsequent mortality and should remain aware of the potential development of malignancy during follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kipyo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Internal medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Cheju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Eun Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wan Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jun Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ozturk V, Yikilmaz AS, Kilicarslan A, Bakanay SM, Akinci S, Dilek İ. The Triple Positivity for EBV, PD-1, and PD-L1 Identifies a Very High Risk Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2020; 20:e375-e381. [PMID: 32295735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The programmed death receptor (PD-1) and ligand (PD-L1) pathway act by suppressing the antitumor response in chronic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PD-1, PD-L1, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positivity on prognosis at the initial diagnosis of cHL. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-six patients with cHL were retrospectively analyzed. PD-L1 staining was performed for RS cells and tumor microenvironment in the biopsy materials of cases. The presence of EBV was investigated by EBER (EBV-encoded RNA) method in tumor cell. P < .05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS The presence of advanced-stage disease, B symptoms, intermediate or high-risk international prognostic index (IPS), and extranodal involvement were found to be related to both PD-L1 positivity and EBV positivity in RS cells. PD-L1 positivity in RS cells was also associated with EBV positivity. There were 6 (16.7%) triple-positive (EBV+, RS-PD-L1+, mic-PD-1+) patients. All of these patients had advanced-stage disease, B symptoms at the time of diagnosis, and intermediate-high IPS score, and 4 of 6 patients had extranodal involvement. This group also had significantly shortened overall survival compared with others (38.4 months vs. 67.9 months P = .024). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there is correlation between PD-L1 positivity and EBV positivity in tumor RS cells that are also associated with extranodal involvement, intermediate and high IPS score, presence of B symptoms, and advanced-stage disease. In addition, we identified a group of triple-positive (EBV+, RS-PD-L1+, mic-PD-1+) cHL patients who have a very high-risk disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vedia Ozturk
- Department of Pathology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Aydan Kilicarslan
- Department of Pathology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sule Mine Bakanay
- Department of Hematology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Akinci
- Department of Hematology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İmdat Dilek
- Department of Hematology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sakai Y, Rezano A, Okada S, Ohtsuki T, Kawashima Y, Tsukamoto T, Suzuki M, Kohara M, Takeya M, Sakaguchi N, Kuwahara K. A Novel Cytological Model of B-Cell/Macrophage Biphenotypic Cell Hodgkin Lymphoma in Ganp-Transgenic Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010204. [PMID: 31947626 PMCID: PMC7017268 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is one of the most difficult neoplasms in terms of cytopathological research owing to the lack of established cytological murine models. Although HL is believed to be of lymphoid germinal center B-cell origin, HL cells exhibit unique biphenotypic characteristics of B cells and macrophages. B-cell/macrophage biphenotypic cells have also been identified in the spleen of Lyn-deficient mice. Moreover, Lyn-targeting germinal center-associated nuclear protein (GANP)-transgenic mice (Ig-ganpTg mice) spontaneously develop a lymphoid tumor. We aimed to investigate whether the lymphoid tumor developed in Ig-ganpTg mice exhibit biphenotypic characteristics of B cells/macrophages that correspond to human HL. Here, we demonstrated GANP overexpression in human HL cells and found that it may regulate transdifferentiation between B cells and macrophages. We also demonstrated that tumors were comparable with B-cell/macrophage biphenotypic Hodgkinoid lymphomas. The tumor cells expressed macrophage-related F4/80, CD68, and CD204 as well as cytoplasmic B220 and µ-/κ-chains; in addition, these cells exhibited phagocytic activity. These cells also expressed transcripts of CD30; c-fms; and the cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-5, RANTES, tumor necrosis factor-α and thrombopoietin associated with macrophages as well as granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IL-13. Ig-ganpTg mice represent a novel cytological model for the study of cytopathological etiology and oncogenesis of HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Andri Rezano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Retroviral Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan;
| | - Takahiro Ohtsuki
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Yoshiaki Kawashima
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.T.)
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Nobuo Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.K.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-2319; Fax: +81-562-95-3761
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Al-Shammary E, Al-Lami M. Hodgkin's lymphoma of the childhood: Experience of single hemato-oncology center. IRAQI JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/ijh.ijh_30_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
16
|
Monfá E, Padilla I, de León B, Vidal MJ, Barnes C, Barcía V, Martinez C, Lucas C, Sastre A, Stefan J, Prieto M. Reflexión sobre el screening de neoplasias en glomerulonefritis. Nefrologia 2019; 39:674-675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
17
|
Abstract
Although about 90% of the world's population is infected by EBV only a small subset of the related infections result in neoplastic transformation. EBV is a versatile oncogenic agent involved in a multitude of hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal neoplasms, but the precise role of EBV in the pathogenesis of many of the associated lymphoid/histiocytic proliferations remains hypothetical or not completely understood. Additional studies and use of evolving technologies such as high-throughput next-generation sequencing may help address this knowledge gap and may lead to enhanced diagnostic assessment and the development of potential therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rezk SA, Zhao X, Weiss LM. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphoid proliferations, a 2018 update. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:18-41. [PMID: 29885408 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been linked to many human neoplasms including hematopoietic, epithelial, and mesenchymal tumors. Since our original review of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in 2007, many advances and developments have been reported. In this review, we will examine the recent advances in EBV-associated lymphoid/histiocytic proliferations, dividing them into reactive, B cell, T/NK cell, immunodeficiency-related, and histiocytic/dendritic cell proliferations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Rezk
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA.
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA
| | - Lawrence M Weiss
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI) Medical Center, Orange, 92868, CA; NeoGenomics Laboratories, Aliso Viejo, 92656, CA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cuceu C, Hempel WM, Sabatier L, Bosq J, Carde P, M'kacher R. Chromosomal Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: An In-Depth Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040091. [PMID: 29587466 PMCID: PMC5923346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long-term follow-up, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumor biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinics. HL is a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies. Nonetheless, approximately 15–20% of patients with advanced stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated, leading to treatment-related late sequelae, including solid tumors and organ dysfunction. The malignant cells in HL are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Here, we review the chromosomal instability mechanisms in HL, starting with the cellular origin of neoplastic cells and the mechanisms supporting HL pathogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of the microenvironment, including the influence of viruses and macrophages on the induction of chromosomal instability in HL. We discuss the emerging possibilities to exploit these aberrations as prognostic biomarkers and guides for personalized patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Cuceu
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - William M Hempel
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Departement of Anapathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Radhia M'kacher
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
- Cell Environment, DNA damages R&D, Oncology section, 75020 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heaf JG, Hansen A, Laier GH. Quantification of cancer risk in glomerulonephritis. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:27. [PMID: 29394927 PMCID: PMC5797419 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of increased cancer risk with glomerulonephritis (GN) is well known, but controversy exists concerning which types of GN are involved, and the size of the association. A national registry survey was performed to assess the size of this association, and the temporal relationship of cancer diagnosis to GN diagnosis. Methods All patients with biopsy-proven GN between 1985 and 2015 in Denmark were extracted from The Danish Renal Biopsy Registry and the National Pathology Data Bank. Incident cancer diagnoses between 10 years previous and 10 years subsequent to the GN diagnosis were extracted from the Danish Cancer Registry. Residence, birth and death data were obtained from the National Patient Register. Expected cancer incidence, classified according to cohort, age and sex were extracted from the Nordcan database. Results Nine hundred eleven cancers were diagnosed in 5594 patients. Thirty five percent were prevalent at renal biopsy. Prevalence at biopsy was 5.5% (expected 3.1%), but incidence was not increased < 1 year before biopsy. Increased cancer rates were seen for GN forms: minimal change, endocapillary, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangioproliferative, membranous, focal segmental, membranoproliferative, proliferative, ANCA-associated vasculitis, lupus nephritis and unclassified. Increased cancer rates were seen for lung, prostate, renal, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma, leukaemia and skin. The increased incidence was mainly limited to − 1 to 1 year after biopsy, but skin cancer showed an increased risk over time. Some diagnoses showed an increase 5–10 years after biopsy. Incidence was raised for patients with uraemia and nephrosis, but less for proteinuria or haematuria. Cancers in patients < 45 years were rare. The risk of developing cancer 0–3 years after biopsy for patients 45–64 years varied from 7.3% (minimal change) to 15.8% (unclassified GN); > 64 years from 11.8 (endocapillary GN) to 20.3% (unclassified). The diagnosis with the highest risk was membranoproliferative GN (8.6 & 19.6%). Conclusions Cancer rates are increased for many cancer and most GN diagnoses. Cancer screening for patients < 45 years and for patients without nephrosis or uraemia may not be necessary. The findings suggest that screening programs for specific GN diagnoses can be extended to other GN forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Goya Heaf
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Alastair Hansen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Santos MAO, Lima MDM. CD20 role in pathophysiology of Hodgkin's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:810-813. [PMID: 29239464 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.09.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a tumor comprising non-malignant and malignant B-cells. Classical HL expresses CD15+ and CD30+ antigens, and 20 to 40% of patients are CD20+. This antigen is a ligand free protein present in B lymphocyte cells and its function is not well known. Some studies suggest that expression of CD20 may play a major role in Hodgkin's disease pathophysiology and may affect the patients' treatment prognosis, as well as relapse and refractory response. In the past few years, development of monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies changed drastically the treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphomas in which CD20 is expressed. HL treatment is essentially composed of radiotherapy and chemotherapy; however, monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies applicability is not well delimitated due to lack of information about clinical outcomes with anti-CD20 monotherapy or combined drug therapy using a classic regimen, as well as about CD20 pathophysiology mechanisms in B-cells tumors. The objective of our review is to discuss CD20 function in Hodgkin's lymphoma development, its influence on disease evolution and outcomes, as well as its effects on therapeutics and patients' prognostic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Antônio Oliveira Santos
- Epidemiology and Cardiology Research Group, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marinus de Moraes Lima
- Hospital do Câncer de Pernambuco, Centro Universitário Maurício de Nassau, Recife, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Incrocci R, Barse L, Stone A, Vagvala S, Montesano M, Subramaniam V, Swanson-Mungerson M. Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 production through the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and STAT3. Virology 2016; 500:96-102. [PMID: 27792904 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous data demonstrate that Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) enhances IL-10 to promote the survival of LMP2A-expressing B cell lymphomas. Since STAT3 is an important regulator of IL-10 production, we hypothesized that LMP2A activates a signal transduction cascade that increases STAT3 phosphorylation to enhance IL-10. Using LMP2A-negative and -positive B cell lines, the data indicate that LMP2A requires the early signaling molecules of the Syk/RAS/PI3K pathway to increase IL-10. Additional studies indicate that the PI3K-regulated kinase, BTK, is responsible for phosphorylating STAT3, which ultimately mediates the LMP2A-dependent increase in IL-10. These data are the first to show that LMP2A signaling results in STAT3 phosphorylation in B cells through a PI3K/BTK-dependent pathway. With the use of BTK and STAT3 inhibitors to treat B cell lymphomas in clinical trials, these findings highlight the possibility of using new pharmaceutical approaches to treat EBV-associated lymphomas that express LMP2A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Incrocci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Levi Barse
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Amanda Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Sai Vagvala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michael Montesano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Vijay Subramaniam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nagpal P, Akl MR, Ayoub NM, Tomiyama T, Cousins T, Tai B, Carroll N, Nyrenda T, Bhattacharyya P, Harris MB, Goy A, Pecora A, Suh KS. Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: biomarkers, drugs, and clinical trials for translational science and medicine. Oncotarget 2016; 7:67551-67573. [PMID: 27563824 PMCID: PMC5341896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy that is typically derived from germinal-center B cells. EBV infection, mutations in NF-κB pathway genes, and genetic susceptibility are known risk factors for developing HL. CD30 and NF-κB have been identified as potential biomarkers in pediatric HL patients, and these molecules may represent therapeutic targets. Although current risk adapted and response based treatment approaches yield overall survival rates of >95%, treatment of relapse or refractory patients remains challenging. Targeted HL therapy with the antibody-drug conjugate Brentuximab vedotin (Bv) has proven to be superior to conventional salvage chemotherapy and clinical trials are being conducted to incorporate Bv into frontline therapy that substitutes Bv for alkylating agents to minimize secondary malignancies. The appearance of secondary malignancies has been a concern in pediatric HL, as these patients are at highest risk among all childhood cancer survivors. The risk of developing secondary leukemia following childhood HL treatment is 10.4 to 174.8 times greater than the risk in the general pediatric population and the prognosis is significantly poorer than the other hematological malignancies with a mortality rate of nearly 100%. Therefore, identifying clinically valuable biomarkers is of utmost importance to stratify and select patients who may or may not need intensive regimens to maintain optimal balance between maximal survival rates and averting late effects. Here we discuss epidemiology, risk factors, staging, molecular and genetic prognostic biomarkers, treatment for low and high-risk patients, and the late occurrence of secondary malignancies in pediatric HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nagpal
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Mohamed R. Akl
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nehad M. Ayoub
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tatsunari Tomiyama
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Tasheka Cousins
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Betty Tai
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Nicole Carroll
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Themba Nyrenda
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael B. Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andre Goy
- Clinical Divisions, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Andrew Pecora
- Clinical Divisions, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - K. Stephen Suh
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Program, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krappmann D, Vincendeau M. Mechanisms of NF-κB deregulation in lymphoid malignancies. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 39:3-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Rengstl B, Schmid F, Weiser C, Döring C, Heinrich T, Warner K, Becker PSA, Wistinghausen R, Kameh-Var S, Werling E, Billmeier A, Seidl C, Hartmann S, Abken H, Küppers R, Hansmann ML, Newrzela S. Tumor-infiltrating HLA-matched CD4(+) T cells retargeted against Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1160186. [PMID: 27471632 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1160186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) presents with a unique histologic pattern. Pathognomonic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells usually account for less than 1% of the tumor and are embedded in a reactive infiltrate mainly comprised of CD4(+) T cells. HRS cells induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment and thereby escape antitumor immunity. To investigate the impact of interactions between HRS cells and T cells, we performed long-term co-culture studies that were further translated into a xenograft model. Surprisingly, we revealed a strong antitumor potential of allogeneic CD4(+) T cells against HL cell lines. HRS and CD4(+) T cells interact by adhesion complexes similar to immunological synapses. Tumor-cell killing was likely based on the recognition of allogeneic major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) receptor, while CD4(+) T cells from MHC-II compatible donors did not develop any antitumor potential in case of HL cell line L428. However, gene expression profiling (GEP) of co-cultured HRS cells as well as tumor infiltration of matched CD4(+) T cells indicated cellular interactions. Moreover, matched CD4(+) T cells could be activated to kill CD30(+) HRS cells when redirected with a CD30-specific chimeric antigen receptor. Our work gives novel insights into the crosstalk between HRS and CD4(+) T cells, suggesting the latter as potent effector cells in the adoptive cell therapy of HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rengstl
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frederike Schmid
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Weiser
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Claudia Döring
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tim Heinrich
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kathrin Warner
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, and Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra S A Becker
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Red Cross Blood Donor Service , Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robin Wistinghausen
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sima Kameh-Var
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Werling
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arne Billmeier
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christian Seidl
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Red Cross Blood Donor Service , Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, and Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical School , Essen, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Newrzela
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Medical School , Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zameer MAL, Premalata CS, Arunakumari B, Appaji L, Rao CR. Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma in a South Indian regional cancer center: its immunomorphology, tumor-associated macrophages, and association with Epstein-Barr virus. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2015; 32:229-38. [PMID: 25252151 DOI: 10.3109/08880018.2014.954071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) comprises approximately a fifth of all patients with HL in India. Seventy-four cases of pediatric classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL) from a regional cancer center in southern India were analyzed on a tissue microarray (TMA) for the stage of B-cell differentiation of the Hodgkin/Reed Sternberg (HRS) cell by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using CD10, bcl6, MUM1/IRF4, and CD 138. Fifty-two of seventy-four (70.3%) cases were of late germinal center/early post-germinal center phenotype (CD10-/bcl6-/MUM1+/CD138-). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) association using Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) RISH and EBV-LMP1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed an EBV association of 93%. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in the microenvironment were also assessed on the TMA by CD68 IHC, and most cases (59.7%) showed >25% TAMs, with no case showing ≤5%. These findings indicate that pediatric cHL in India is a tumor, predominantly, of late germinal center/early post-germinal center B cells, is almost invariably EBV associated, and with a high number of TAMs in the microenvironment. This latter finding suggests that criteria other than TAM scores need to be developed for risk stratification of pediatric EBV-associated HL especially in developing countries.
Collapse
|
27
|
Hombach AA, Abken H. Targeting two co-operating cytokines efficiently shapes immune responses. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e23205. [PMID: 23802072 PMCID: PMC3661157 DOI: 10.4161/onci.23205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For simultaneously mobilizing the adaptive and innate immune system against cancer, we fused interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12 to generate a dual cytokine moiety that is targeted to neoplastic lesions by an antibody-binding domain. This approach elicits a broader attack of the immune system against cancer than the use of each cytokine alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Hombach
- Department I of Internal Medicine; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University Hospital Cologne; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rengstl B, Rieger MA, Newrzela S. On the origin of giant cells in Hodgkin lymphoma. Commun Integr Biol 2014; 7:e28602. [PMID: 25346790 PMCID: PMC4203491 DOI: 10.4161/cib.28602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated giant tumor cells are frequently observed in tissue sections of lymphoma patients. In Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), these cells are pathognomonic for the disease and named Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. Despite the well-described disease-promoting functions of RS cells, their development has remained obscure. We addressed this open question by continuous live cell imaging to observe the generation of RS cells. Single-cell tracking of HL cell lines revealed that RS cells develop from mononucleated progenitors that divide and subsequently re-fuse, before they grow and become multinucleated giant cells. Thus, RS cell generation is neither due to cell fusion of unrelated Hodgkin cells nor to endomitosis, as previously suggested. In the majority of cases, re-fusion of daughter cells was preceded by an incomplete cytokinesis, visualized by a persistent microtubule bridge connecting the cells. This surprising finding describes a novel mechanism for the formation of multinuclear giant cells with potential relevance beyond HL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rengstl
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology; Goethe-University of Frankfurt Medical School; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt; Department of Hematology/Oncology; Goethe-University of Frankfurt Medical School; Frankfurt am Main, Germany ; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Heidelberg, Germany ; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Newrzela
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology; Goethe-University of Frankfurt Medical School; Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Venkataraman G, Mirza MK, Eichenauer DA, Diehl V. Current status of prognostication in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:287-99. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Venkataraman
- Department of Pathology; Section of Hematopathology; The University of Chicago Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - M. Kamran Mirza
- Department of Pathology; Section of Hematopathology; The University of Chicago Medicine; Chicago IL USA
| | - Dennis A. Eichenauer
- First Department of Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG); Cologne Germany
| | - Volker Diehl
- German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG); Cologne Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Roullet MR, Bagg A. Recent insights into the biology of Hodgkin lymphoma: unraveling the mysteries of the Reed–Sternberg cell. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 7:805-20. [DOI: 10.1586/14737159.7.6.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
31
|
Jhaveri KD, Shah HH, Patel C, Kadiyala A, Stokes MB, Radhakrishnan J. Glomerular diseases associated with cancer, chemotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2014; 21:48-55. [PMID: 24359986 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many solid and hematological malignancies have been associated with different glomerular diseases. Several case reports and case series of cancer-associated glomerular diseases have shown that treating the cancer may lead to resolution of the glomerular process. Hence, knowledge and approach to cancer-associated glomerular diseases is important for both the caring nephrologists and the cancer specialists. While membranous nephropathy has been classically associated with solid malignancies, minimal change disease has been commonly described with hematologic malignancies, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is increasingly being recognized to be associated with chronic hematologic malignancies such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In this article, we review various cancer-associated glomerular diseases and their pathogenesis as well as principles of treatment. In addition, we also review glomerular diseases seen after chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Incomplete cytokinesis and re-fusion of small mononucleated Hodgkin cells lead to giant multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:20729-34. [PMID: 24302766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312509110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multinucleated Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are pathognomonic for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and their presence is essential for diagnosis. How these giant tumor cells develop is controversial, however. It has been postulated that RS cells arise from mononucleated Hodgkin cells via endomitosis. Conversely, continuous single-cell tracking of HL cell lines by long-term time-lapse microscopy has identified cell fusion as the main route of RS cell formation. In contrast to growth-induced formation of giant Hodgkin cells, fusion of small mononuclear cells followed by a size increase gives rise to giant RS cells. Of note, fusion of cells originating from the same ancestor, termed re-fusion, is seen nearly exclusively. In the majority of cases, re-fusion of daughter cells is preceded by incomplete cytokinesis, as demonstrated by microtubule bonds among the cells. We confirm at the level of individual tracked cells that giant Hodgkin and RS cells have little proliferative capacity, further supporting small mononuclear Hodgkin cells as the proliferative compartment of the HL tumor clone. In addition, sister cells show a shared propensity for re-fusion, providing evidence of early RS cell fate commitment. Thus, RS cell generation is related neither to cell fusion of unrelated Hodgkin cells nor to endomitosis, but rather is mediated by re-fusion of daughter cells that underwent mitosis. This surprising finding supports the existence of a unique mechanism for the generation of multinuclear RS cells that may have implications beyond HL, given that RS-like cells are frequently observed in several other lymphoproliferative diseases as well.
Collapse
|
33
|
Glomerular diseases seen with cancer and chemotherapy: a narrative review. Kidney Int 2013; 84:34-44. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
34
|
Kämmerer PW, Schiegnitz E, Hansen T, Draenert GF, Kuffner HD, Klein MO. Multiple primary enoral soft tissue manifestations of a Hodgkin lymphoma--case report and literature review. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 17:53-57. [PMID: 22527654 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-012-0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are lymphoproliferative neoplasms, histologically comprising of mononuclear and multinucleated Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells (HRS). About 4 % of all lymphatic malignancies of the head and neck are HL. The typical disease presents itself as a nodal lesion. Extranodal, enoral soft tissue involvement by HL is very rare. CASE REPORT A 73-year-old man with a suspect, ulcerating lesion in the left retromolar region of the mandible was assigned to our hospital. Prior anti-inflammatory therapy has been without success. Subsequently, three biopsies were taken which could only show inflammation. Finally, two biopsies from the left retromolar region and the left inner cheek showed HRS cells with positive expressions of CD15 and CD30 corresponding to a Hodgkin lymphoma. No lymphatic node or bone involvement could be detected. The patient was designated to receive radio-chemotherapy, but died 3 weeks after diagnosis of multiple organ failure. In a literature review, together with this report, nine cases were found concerning primary HL of the oral mucosa. Accordingly, this is the first case of primary multiple extranodal HL in the oral mucosa in absence of lymphatic node involvement. DISCUSSION Neither clinical features nor radiological appearances of HL presenting as primary enoral lesions are pathognomonic. Especially when only small biopsy specimens are available, histological diagnosis remains challenging, may lead to a delay in therapy and may result in a significant worse prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P W Kämmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Augustusplatz 2, Mainz, 55131, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
An IL12-IL2-antibody fusion protein targeting Hodgkin's lymphoma cells potentiates activation of NK and T cells for an anti-tumor attack. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44482. [PMID: 23028547 PMCID: PMC3445545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful immunotherapy of Hodgkin's disease is so far hampered by the striking unresponsiveness of lymphoma infiltrating immune cells. To mobilize both adoptive and innate immune cells for an anti-tumor attack we fused the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL2 and IL12 to an anti-CD30 scFv antibody in a dual cytokine fusion protein to accumulate both cytokines at the malignant CD30+ Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymphoma lesion. The tumor-targeted IL12-IL2 fusion protein was superior in activating resting T cells to amplify and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to targeted IL2 or IL12 alone. NK cells were also activated by the dual cytokine protein to secrete IFN-γ and to lyse target cells. The tumor-targeted IL12-IL2, when applied by i.v. injection to immune-competent mice with established antigen-positive tumors, accumulated at the tumor site and induced tumor regression. Data demonstrate that simultaneous targeting of two cytokines in a spatial and temporal simultaneous fashion to pre-defined tissues is feasible by a dual-cytokine antibody fusion protein. In the case of IL12 and IL2, this produced superior anti-tumor efficacy implying the strategy to muster a broader immune cell response in the combat against cancer.
Collapse
|
36
|
Honjo T, Kobayashi M, Begum N, Kotani A, Sabouri S, Nagaoka H. The AID dilemma: infection, or cancer? Adv Cancer Res 2012; 113:1-44. [PMID: 22429851 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394280-7.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which is both essential and sufficient for forming antibody memory, is also linked to tumorigenesis. AID is found in many B lymphomas, in myeloid leukemia, and in pathogen-induced tumors such as adult T cell leukemia. Although there is no solid evidence that AID causes human tumors, AID-transgenic and AID-deficient mouse models indicate that AID is both sufficient and required for tumorigenesis. Recently, AID's ability to cleave DNA has been shown to depend on topoisomerase 1 (Top1) and a histone H3K4 epigenetic mark. When the level of Top1 protein is decreased by AID activation, it induces irreversible cleavage in highly transcribed targets. This finding and others led to the idea that there is an evolutionary link between meiotic recombination and class switch recombination, which share H3K4 trimethyl, topoisomerase, the MRN complex, mismatch repair family proteins, and exonuclease 3. As Top1 has recently been shown to be involved in many transcription-associated genome instabilities, it is likely that AID took advantage of basic genome instability or diversification to evolve its mechanism for immune diversity. AID targets are therefore not highly specific to immunoglobulin genes and are relatively abundant, although they have strict requirements for transcription-induced H3K4 trimethyl modification and repetitive sequences prone to forming non-B structures. Inevitably, AID-dependent cleavage takes place in nonimmunoglobulin targets and eventually causes tumors. However, battles against infection are waged in the context of acute emergencies, while tumorigenesis is rather a chronic, long-term process. In the interest of survival, vertebrates must have evolved AID to prevent infection despite its long-term risk of causing tumorigenesis.
Collapse
|
37
|
Banerjee D. Recent Advances in the Pathobiology of Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Potential Impact on Diagnostic, Predictive, and Therapeutic Strategies. Adv Hematol 2011; 2011:439456. [PMID: 21318045 PMCID: PMC3034907 DOI: 10.1155/2011/439456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From its first description by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832, Hodgkin's disease, now called Hodgkin's lymphoma, has continued to be a fascinating neoplasm even to this day. In this review, historical aspects, epidemiology, diagnosis, tumor biology, new observations related to host-microenvironment interactions, gene copy number variation, and gene expression profiling in this complex neoplasm are described, with an exploration of chemoresistance mechanisms and potential novel therapies for refractory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diponkar Banerjee
- Centre for Translational and Applied Genomics (CTAG), Department of Pathology, British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA), 600 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4E6
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 2B5
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis is a rare complication of malignancy that is frequently mistaken for idiopathic glomerulonephritis. Failure to recognize paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis can subject patients to ineffective and potentially harmful therapy. The pathology of paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis varies between different types of malignancies. This Review discusses the association of glomerulonephritis with both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. The pathogenetic mechanisms of many glomerular lesions seem to relate to altered immune responses in the presence of a malignancy. Studies in the Buffalo/Mna rat model of spontaneous thymoma and nephrotic syndrome indicate that polarization of the immune response toward a T-helper-2 (T(H)2) profile has an important role in the development of thymoma-associated glomerular lesions. Furthermore, overexpression of the T(H)2 cytokine interleukin 13 in rats induces minimal change disease. Such findings from experimental studies might facilitate the identification of biomarkers that can distinguish paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis from idiopathic and other secondary glomerulonephritides. This Review describes potential pathogenetic mechanisms for paraneoplastic glomerulonephritides associated with different malignancies and highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Restricted expression of EBV encoded proteins in in vitro infected CLL cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:410-5. [PMID: 21034831 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
CLL is not associated with EBV. CLL cells separated from blood express CR2, the complement receptor that serves also as EBV receptor. Thus CLL cells can be infected in vitro with the virus, however, in contrast to normal B lymphocytes, only rare CLL clones yield transformed lines. This is due to a restricted EBV encoded protein expression in the CLL cells, they express EBNAs, the virus encoded proteins that are localized in the nucleus, but not the cell membrane associated LMP-1, that is also pivotal for the virus induced transformation of B lymphocytes. This expression pattern seems to be unique to a defined B cell maturation window that is represented by the CLL cells. We named this restricted viral expression as Type IIb. Such B lymphocytes have been encountered in lymphoid tissues of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and in post transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). Moreover, they were shown in tissues of EBV infected "humanized" mice. The EBV encoded protein expression pattern may serve as a marker for the B cell differentiation stage from which CLL clones can develop.
Collapse
|
40
|
Application of MALDI imaging for the diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2010; 136:1651-5. [PMID: 20865362 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a distinctive lymphoma subtype characterized by rareness of tumor cells [Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical HL and lymphocytic and histiocytic cells in lymphocyte predominant HL] as well as the vast majority of the surrounding inflammatory-like cellular infiltrate. Still the onset of this highly variable disease is not completely understood. Proteome analysis can lead to the identification of potential proteins capable of elucidating malignant growth and survival in HL. Especially MALDI imaging could result in pinpointing differentially expressed proteins, which might represent potential marker molecules. In this study, we were able to distinguish between classical Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphadenitis with a sensitivity and specificity of 83.92 and 89.37%, respectively.
Collapse
|
41
|
Smith LK, Cidlowski JA. Glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis of healthy and malignant lymphocytes. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2010; 182:1-30. [PMID: 20541659 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(10)82001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids exert a wide range of physiological effects, including the induction of apoptosis in lymphocytes. The progression of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis is a multi-component process requiring contributions from both genomic and cytoplasmic signaling events. There is significant evidence indicating that the transactivation activity of the glucocorticoid receptor is required for the initiation of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. However, the rapid cytoplasmic effects of glucocorticoids may also contribute to the glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis-signaling pathway. Endogenous glucocorticoids shape the T-cell repertoire through both the induction of apoptosis by neglect during thymocyte maturation and the antagonism of T-cell receptor (TCR)-induced apoptosis during positive selection. Owing to their ability to induce apoptosis in lymphocytes, synthetic glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of haematological malignancies. Glucocorticoid chemotherapy is limited, however, by the emergence of glucocorticoid resistance. The development of novel therapies designed to overcome glucocorticoid resistance will dramatically improve the efficacy of glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of haematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Smith
- Molecular Endocrinology Group, Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mani H, Jaffe ES. Hodgkin lymphoma: an update on its biology with new insights into classification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 9:206-16. [PMID: 19525189 DOI: 10.3816/clm.2009.n.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, there has been a greater understanding of the spectrum and biology of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). In standard texts, HL is classified as 2 distinct entities, namely nodular lymphocyte-predominant HL and classical HL (CHL). However, recent evidence suggests that CHL is not a single disease. Although the mixed cellularity and lymphocyte-depleted subtypes might be part of a biologic continuum, the nodular sclerosis subtype has a distinct epidemiology, clinical presentation, and histology. Nodular sclerosis HL might also be related to primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and mediastinal gray-zone lymphomas. We present an update on the pathobiology of HL and discuss these biologic and clinical differences in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Mani
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Uddin S, Khan AS, Al-Kuraya KS. Developing curcumin into a viable therapeutic for lymphoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18:57-67. [PMID: 19053882 DOI: 10.1517/13543780802594593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that natural plant ingredients have played an important role in the healthcare of many countries. Several of these natural plant products possess therapeutic potential for various diseases including cancer. Curcumin is the pigment of turmeric, a well-known chemopreventive agent that has been shown to suppress the proliferation of a wide variety of tumor cells, including lymphoma. Curcumin has been shown to have cancer chemopreventive potential against a variety of tumors via targeting key survival pathways that are aberrantly activated in cancer cells. METHODS This review discusses therapeutic potential of curcumin in malignancies of lymphoma as well as therapeutic implications of the recent advances in the field. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Dietary-compound curcumin hardwires to multiple cellular processes. Suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of metastasis are considered to be the major mechanisms underlying its anticancer properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Uddin
- Human Cancer Genomic Research, King Fahad National Center for Children's Cancer & Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, MBC #98-16, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Niller HH, Wolf H, Minarovits J. Regulation and dysregulation of Epstein–Barr virus latency: Implications for the development of autoimmune diseases. Autoimmunity 2009; 41:298-328. [DOI: 10.1080/08916930802024772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
45
|
Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 2A exploits Notch1 to alter B-cell identity in vivo. Blood 2008; 113:108-16. [PMID: 18815281 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-06-160937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of latent membrane protein 2 (LMP2A) during B-cell development leads to global alterations in gene transcription similar to those seen in Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Along with the consistent detection of LMP2A in Epstein-Barr virus-associated HL, this implicates a role for LMP2A in the pathogenesis of HL. We have shown that LMP2A constitutively activates the Notch1 pathway to autoregulate the LMP2A promoter. To determine whether constitutive activation of the Notch pathway is important for LMP2A-mediated alterations in B-cell development in vivo, TgE-LMP2A-transgenic mice were intercrossed with mice expressing loxP-flanked Notch1 genes and Cre recombinase. B cells from TgE Notch1(lox/lox)-CD19(+/Cre) mice have an increase in immunoglobulin M and CD43 and a decrease in CD5 expression in the bone marrow compared with TgE Notch1(lox/lox) mice, indicating the LMP2A signal for developmental aberrations is impaired in the absence of Notch1. Real-time reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals that LMP2A requires the Notch1 pathway to alter levels of B cell-specific transcription factors, E2A and EBF. Interestingly, Notch1 appears to be important for LMP2A-mediated survival in low interleukin-7. We propose that LMP2A and the Notch1 pathway may cooperate to induce the alterations in B-cell identity seen in Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lapillonne H, Leclerc A, Ulinski T, Balu L, Garnier A, Dereuddre-Bosquet N, Watier H, Schlageter MH, Deschênes G. Stem cell mobilization in idiopathic steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2008; 23:1251-6. [PMID: 18458957 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-008-0793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) is classically thought to be a T-cell disorder. The aim of this study was to examine whether or not thymus homeostasis was affected in SSNS. Mature and naive T cell recent thymic emigrants were quantified in the peripheral blood of nephrotic patients and controls. Because the generation of new T cells by the thymus ultimately depends on hematopoietic stem cells, CD34+ cells were also included in the study. Nineteen patients with SSNS during relapse, 13 with SSNS during proteinuria remission, and 18 controls were studied. Cell-surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16, CD56, CD45RA, CD62L, CD34, and CD38) were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. T-cell rearrangement excision circles (TRECs) were quantified in CD2+ cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Stroma cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) genotype and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plasma levels were also determined. Mature T cells (CD4+ and CD8+), circulating naive T cells (CD62L+ and CD3+ CD62L+), and recent thymic emigrants (CD45RA+) as well as TRECs, that measure thymus production, had a similar level in the three groups of patients. Conversely, CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells displayed a two-fold increase in SSNS patients during relapse either compared with controls or SSNS patients at remission. In addition, compared with controls, SSNS patients at remission displayed (1) a decrease in CD19+ cells (B cells) and (2) an increase in CD16CD56+ cells [natural killer (NK) cells]. In conclusion, thymus homeostasis is not significantly affected in nephrotic patients. Hematopoietic stem-cell mobilization at proteinuria relapse, as well as changes in B and NK cells during remission, suggest that SSNS might be due to a general disturbance of hematopoietic and immune cell trafficking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lapillonne
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 26 avenue du Docteur Arnold-Netter, 75571 Paris Cedex 12, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lima I, Carneiro ASB, Amorim CA, Santiago MB. Hodgkin lymphoma as a complication of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 18:200-2. [PMID: 18311531 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, mainly the salivary and lachrymal glands, usually manifesting with xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Around 50% of patients with primary SS develop systemic complications, lymphoma being the most feared of these. The majority of these neoplasias originate from B cells and are of the non-Hodgkin type. We describe here a rare case of SS in which the patient developed a Hodgkin lymphoma. We also review the literature on this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Lima
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Santa Izabel (HSI), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gupta N, Delrow J, Drawid A, Sengupta AM, Fan G, Gélinas C. Repression of B-cell linker (BLNK) and B-cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (BCAP) is important for lymphocyte transformation by rel proteins. Cancer Res 2008; 68:808-14. [PMID: 18245482 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Persistent Rel/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity is a hallmark of many human cancers, and the Rel proteins are implicated in leukemia/lymphomagenesis but the mechanism is not fully understood. Microarray analysis to identify transformation-impacting genes regulated by NF-kappaB's oncogenic v-Rel and c-Rel proteins uncovered that Rel protein expression leads to transcriptional repression of key B-cell receptor (BCR) components and signaling molecules like B-cell linker (BLNK), the B-cell adaptor for phosphoinositide 3-kinase (BCAP) and immunoglobulin lambda light chain (Ig lambda), and is accompanied by a block in BCR-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, Akt, and c-Jun-NH(2)-kinase in response to anti-IgM. The BLNK and BCAP proteins were also down-regulated in lymphoid cells expressing a transformation-competent chimeric RelA/v-Rel protein, suggesting a correlation with the capacity of Rel proteins to transform lymphocytes. DNA-binding studies identified functional NF-kappaB-binding sites, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) data showed binding of Rel to the endogenous blnk and bcap promoters in vivo. Importantly, restoration of either BLNK or BCAP expression strongly inhibited transformation of primary chicken lymphocytes by the potent NF-kappaB oncoprotein v-Rel. These findings are interesting because blnk and other BCR components and signaling molecules are down-regulated in primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's lymphomas, which depend on c-Rel for survival, and are consistent with the tumor suppressor function of BLNK. Overall, our results indicate that down-regulation of BLNK and BCAP is an important contributing factor to the malignant transformation of lymphocytes by Rel and suggest that gene repression may be as important as transcriptional activation for Rel's transforming activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Gupta
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kutok JL, Wang F. Spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2007; 1:375-404. [PMID: 18039120 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.1.110304.100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The association between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and a large number of benign and malignant diseases is unique among DNA viruses. Within infected tissues, proteins that are expressed during the normal lytic and latent viral life cycle lead to cellular alterations that contribute to these EBV-associated diseases. Although the early events of EBV infection are poorly understood, increasing knowledge of the viral processes that govern viral latency has shed light upon the potential mechanisms by which EBV infection can lead to cellular transformation. Our current understanding of the role of EBV in the development of Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and other EBV-associated diseases is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Kutok
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Whitt JC, Dunlap CL, Martin KF. Oral Hodgkin lymphoma: a wolf in wolf's clothing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:e45-51. [PMID: 17964472 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma typically presents as a nodal lesion and infrequently involves extranodal sites. The English language literature contains only 7 reports of primary Hodgkin lymphoma arising in the oral mucosa in the absence of nodal disease. We report a case of primary, extranodal Hodgkin lymphoma in the palatal mucosa of a 79-year-old white female. An incisional biopsy revealed a diffuse, mixed cellular infiltrate, consisting of benign lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and foci rich in eosinophils. Within this background was a scattering of large, atypical cells, including Reed-Sternberg forms that exhibited immunoreactivity for CD30 and CD20 and nonreactivity for CD15 and CD45RO, supporting a diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Positron emission tomography exhibited a single focal area of abnormal hypermetabolic activity involving the left palate area, without involvement of any other site. The clinical stage was Ann Arbor I-A. The primary tumor and submandibular and upper neck lymph nodes were treated with a 6-MV photon beam to a total dose of 4000 cGy. There was no evidence of disease at 15-month follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Whitt
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO 64108-6489, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|