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Lucerón-Lucas-Torres M, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Pascual-Morena C, Álvarez-Bueno C. Association between wine consumption and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1197745. [PMID: 37731399 PMCID: PMC10507274 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1197745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol consumption is related to the risk of developing different types of cancer. However, unlike other alcoholic beverages, moderate wine drinking has demonstrated a protective effect on the risk of developing several types of cancer. Objective To analyze the association between wine consumption and the risk of developing cancer. Methods We searched the MEDLINE (through PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled relative risks (RRs) were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird methods. I2 was used to evaluate inconsistency, the τ2 test was used to assess heterogeneity, and The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale were applied to evaluate the risk of bias. This study was previously registered in PROSPERO, with the registration number CRD42022315864. Results Seventy-three studies were included in the systematic review, and 26 were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR for the effect of wine consumption on the risk of gynecological cancers was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.08), that for colorectal cancer was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.82, 1.03), and that for renal cancer was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.04). In general, the heterogeneity was substantial. Conclusion The study findings reveal no association between wine consumption and the risk of developing any type of cancer. Moreover, wine drinking demonstrated a protective trend regarding the risk of developing pancreatic, skin, lung, and brain cancer as well as cancer in general. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022315864, identifier CRD42022315864 (PROSPERO).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Higher Institute of Physical Education, Universidad de la República, Rivera, Uruguay
| | | | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
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2
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Trakolis L, Petridis AK. Interdisciplinary Therapeutic Approaches to Atypical and Malignant Meningiomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4251. [PMID: 37686527 PMCID: PMC10486693 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas have the highest incidence among brain tumors. In contrast to benign tumors that constitute the majority of this tumor entity, the treatment of aggressive meningiomas (WHO Grade 2 and 3) is more challenging, requiring gross total removal of the tumor and the affected dura and adjuvant radiotherapy. Sometimes the location and/or the configuration of the tumor do not favor radical surgical resection without endangering the patient's clinical condition after surgery and pharmacological therapy has, until now, not been proven to be a reliable alternative. Discussion: In this narrative review, we discuss the current literature with respect to the management of meningiomas, discussing the importance of the grade of resection in the overall prognosis of the patient and in the planning of adjuvant therapy. Conclusions: According to the location and size of the tumor, radical resection should be taken into consideration. In patients with aggressive meningiomas, adjuvant radiotherapy should be performed after surgery. In cases of skull base meningiomas, a maximal, though safe, resection should take place before adjuvant therapy. An interdisciplinary approach is beneficial for patients with primary or recurrent meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Trakolis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Agios Loukas Clinic Thessaloniki, 55236 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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3
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Shu L, Yu D, Jin F. Alcohol intake and the risk of glioma: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis of observational study. Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1-9. [PMID: 35945657 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522002598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The association between alcohol intake and the risk of glioma has been widely studied, but these results have yielded conflicting findings. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and updated meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association between alcohol intake and the risk of glioma. A systematic literature search of relevant articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wan fang databases up to December 2021 was conducted. Pooled estimated of relative risk (RR) and 95 % CI were calculated using fixed-effects models. A total of eight articles with three case-control studies involving 2706 glioma cases and 2 189 927 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A reduced risk of glioma was shown for the low-moderate alcohol drinking v. non-drinking (RR = 0·87; 95 % CI (0·78, 0·97); P = 0·014). In addition, there was no evidence of an increased risk of glioma in the heavy alcohol drinking compared with non-drinking (RR = 0·89; 95 % CI (0·67, 1·18); P = 0·404). The findings suggest an inverse association between low-moderate alcohol drinking and the risk of glioma, in the absence, however, of a dose-response relationship. More prospective studies are needed to provide further insight into the association between alcohol drinking and glioma risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shu
- Department of Nutrition, Zhejiang Hospital, Xihu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, the People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310013, the People's Republic of China
| | - Fubi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310013, the People's Republic of China
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Grochans S, Cybulska AM, Simińska D, Korbecki J, Kojder K, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Epidemiology of Glioblastoma Multiforme–Literature Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102412. [PMID: 35626018 PMCID: PMC9139611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, accounting for 14.5% of all central nervous system tumors and 48.6% of malignant central nervous system tumors. The median overall survival (OS) of GBM patients is only 15 months. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of GBM and factors that may have a significant impact on the risk of GBM. Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with a median overall survival of approximately 15 months. In this review, we analyze the pathogenesis of GBM, as well as epidemiological data, by age, gender, and tumor location. The data indicate that GBM is the higher-grade primary brain tumor and is significantly more common in men. The risk of being diagnosed with glioma increases with age, and median survival remains low, despite medical advances. In addition, it is difficult to determine clearly how GBM is influenced by stimulants, certain medications (e.g., NSAIDs), cell phone use, and exposure to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Grochans
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Anna Maria Cybulska
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 48 St., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
- Department of Ruminants Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Klemensa Janickiego 29 St., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudyna Kojder
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej 1 St., 71-281 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich. 72 St., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (S.G.); (D.S.); (J.K.); (D.C.); (I.B.-B.)
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Alcohol intake and risk of pituitary adenoma. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:353-361. [PMID: 34982318 PMCID: PMC9245588 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-021-01523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between alcohol intake and incidence of pituitary adenoma has not been reported previously. We examined this association in three large, prospective cohort studies. METHODS Using data from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professionals Follow-Up Study, we computed multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (MVHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pituitary adenoma by levels of alcohol intake using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS We identified 292 incident cases of pituitary adenoma (225 among women, 67 among men) among 235,973 participants with 6,548,732 person-years of follow-up. Compared with intake of ≤ 0.5 g/day, cumulative average alcohol intake in all categories was associated with reduced risk of pituitary adenoma (MVHR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.83 for 0.5-≤ 2 g/day, MVHR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79 for > 2.0-≤ 8.0, MVHR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.47-1.04 for > 8.0-≤ 15.0, and MVHR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.83 for > 15.0 g/day). Significant inverse findings were present in women and were similar but non-significant in men. For specific alcoholic beverages, inverse associations were statistically significant for total wine (MVHR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.43-0.79 comparing 0.5-≤ 2 to ≤ 0.5 g/day), red wine (MVHR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.92 comparing 0.5-≤ 2 to ≤ 0.5 g/day), and white wine (MVHR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.97 comparing 0.5-≤ 2 to ≤ 0.5 g/day). Results were consistent using baseline intake, recent intake, and with an 8-year lag. CONCLUSION In three prospective cohorts, compared to almost no consumption, alcohol consumption was associated with reduced risk of pituitary adenoma. Sensitivity analyses suggest that these results are unlikely to be the result of reverse causation or diagnostic bias.
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Smith CC, Sheedy DL, McEwen HP, Don AS, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT. Lipidome changes in alcohol-related brain damage. J Neurochem 2021; 160:271-282. [PMID: 34699608 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human brain is lipid rich and a major target of damage from chronic alcohol abuse; yet, there is sparse information on how these lipids are affected. Here, we used untargeted lipidomics as a discovery tool to describe these changes in the prefrontal, middle temporal, and visual cortices of human subjects with alcohol use disorder and controls. Significant changes to the lipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, and differences between the white and grey matter of each brain region were identified. These effects include broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased sphingadiene backbones, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. Our findings show that chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, which likely reflects both the directs effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine C Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donna L Sheedy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Caprio GG, Picascia D, Dallio M, Vitiello PP, Giunta EF, De Falco V, Abenavoli L, Procopio AC, Famiglietti V, Martinelli E, Gravina AG, Federico A, Ciardiello F, Loguercio C, Ciardiello D. Light Alcohol Drinking and the Risk of Cancer Development: A Controversial Relationship. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2021; 15:164-177. [PMID: 32598271 DOI: 10.2174/1574887115666200628143015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In accordance with the scientific literature heavy alcohol consumption (>50g per day) represents a risk factor for several diseases development, including cancer. However, the oncogenic role of light alcohol drinking (<12.5g per day) is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the scientific knowledge about light alcohol consumption and the risk of malignancy onset. METHODS To collect the scientific evidences regarding this topic the keywords "light alcohol drinking", "light alcohol consumption" and "cancer", were used. Papers published during the last 15 years were analyzed, in order to select the most recent evidence. Meta-analyses with well-defined levels of alcohol intake were included in the present review. Other studies that focused on biochemical, molecular and genetic aspects, as well as duplicate articles, were excluded. RESULTS Twenty-nine large, meta-analyses were included in this review. Light alcohol drinking was not associated with an increased risk of cancer occurrence, with the exception of breast and prostate cancer and melanoma. Furthermore, a possible protective role of light alcohol consumption on the development of bladder, kidney and ovarian cancer and Non Hodgkin Lymphoma was observed. CONCLUSION Light alcohol drinking was not associated with the development of several malignancies, except for a light increase of melanoma, breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe G Caprio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Desiree Picascia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Pietro P Vitiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Emilio F Giunta
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Falco
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna C Procopio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Famiglietti
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Antonietta G Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, NA, Italy
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Travers S, Litofsky NS. Daily Lifestyle Modifications to Improve Quality of Life and Survival in Glioblastoma: A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050533. [PMID: 33922443 PMCID: PMC8146925 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival in glioblastoma remains poor despite advancements in standard-of-care treatment. Some patients wish to take a more active role in their cancer treatment by adopting daily lifestyle changes to improve their quality of life or overall survival. We review the available literature through PubMed and Google Scholar to identify laboratory animal studies, human studies, and ongoing clinical trials. We discuss which health habits patients adopt and which have the most promise in glioblastoma. While results of clinical trials available on these topics are limited, dietary restrictions, exercise, use of supplements and cannabis, and smoking cessation all show some benefit in the comprehensive treatment of glioblastoma. Marital status also has an impact on survival. Further clinical trials combining standard treatments with lifestyle modifications are necessary to quantify their survival advantages.
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Alcohol use disorder causes global changes in splicing in the human brain. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 33414398 PMCID: PMC7790816 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease leading to the deterioration of cognitive and other functions. Mechanisms by which alcohol affects the brain are not fully elucidated. Splicing constitutes a nuclear process of RNA maturation, which results in the formation of the transcriptome. We tested the hypothesis as to whether AUD impairs splicing in the superior frontal cortex (SFC), nucleus accumbens (NA), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA). To evaluate splicing, bam files from STAR alignments were indexed with samtools for use by rMATS software. Computational analysis of affected pathways was performed using Gene Ontology Consortium, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and LncRNA Ontology databases. Surprisingly, AUD was associated with limited changes in the transcriptome: expression of 23 genes was altered in SFC, 14 in NA, 102 in BLA, and 57 in CNA. However, strikingly, mis-splicing in AUD was profound: 1421 mis-splicing events were detected in SFC, 394 in NA, 1317 in BLA, and 469 in CNA. To determine the mechanism of mis-splicing, we analyzed the elements of the spliceosome: small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and splicing factors. While snRNAs were not affected by alcohol, expression of splicing factor heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 6 (HSPA6) was drastically increased in SFC, BLA, and CNA. Also, AUD was accompanied by aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to splicing. In summary, alcohol is associated with genome-wide changes in splicing in multiple human brain regions, likely due to dysregulation of splicing factor(s) and/or altered expression of splicing-related lncRNAs.
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Abstract
More than 70,000 primary central nervous system tumors are diagnosed in the United States each year. Approximately 36% of these are meningiomas, making it the most common primary brain tumor. Because meningioma risk increases dramatically with age, the healthcare burden of meningioma in the developed world will continue to rise as demographics shift toward an older population. In addition to demographic factors associated with increased meningioma risk (i.e., older age, female sex, African American ethnicity), increased body mass index is a strong risk factor. A history of atopic allergies, eczema, and increased serum IgE are all consistently associated with reduced meningioma risk, suggesting a potential role for immunosurveillance. Although ionizing radiation is a strong meningioma risk factor, it accounts for very few cases at the population level. Recent studies suggest that diagnostic radiation (e.g., dental X-rays) increases meningioma risk. Because radiation dosages associated with medical imaging have decreased dramatically, the public health impact of this exposure is likely in decline. Genome-wide association studies have identified common inherited variants in the gene MLLT10 and RIC8A as low-penetrance meningioma risk alleles. To provide further insight into the etiology of meningioma, future studies will need to simultaneously examine genetic and environmental risk factors, while also stratifying analyses by subject sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Walsh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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Calastri MCJ, Hattori G, Rodrigues NLTO, Gregorio ML, Brancati CIFO, Zanovelo EM, Ferraz Filho JRL, Neiva CM, Rodrigues Junior ACP, de Godoy MF, Lancellotti CLP, Tognola WA, Souza DRS. Genetic Variants Related to Cell Cycle and Stability of Telomere in Patients with Glioma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2345-2351. [PMID: 31450905 PMCID: PMC6852820 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioma, most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is highly aggressive and associated with a poor prognosis. Evaluate the association of polymorphisms related of to the cell cycle, integrity and DNA repair with gliomas, as well as lifestyle habits, comorbidities, survival and response to treatment. Methods: Were studied 303 individuals distributed into: Study Group - 100 patients with gliomas, regardless of the degree of malignancy, and Control Group - 203 individuals without clinical signs of the disease. These polymorphisms were genotyped by TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Smoking, alcohol consumption, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevailed in patients, compared to controls (P=0.0088, P=0.0001, P=0.0001, P=0.0011, respectively). In the logistic regression analysis, alcohol consumption and SAH were identified as independent risk factors for gliomas (P=0.0001, P=0.0027, respectively). Patients with low-grade gliomas showed survival in one year (92.0±6.8%), compared to patients with high-grade gliomas (24.0±5.3; P=0.011). Conclusion: Polymorphisms involved in cell cycle, telomere protection and stability and DNA repair are not associated with gliomas. On the other hand, alcohol consumption and SAH stand out as independent risk factors for the disease. Low-grade gliomas, response to treatment and the combination of chemotherapy with Temozolomide and radiation therapy show increased survival of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clara Jessica Calastri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine , São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Hattori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine , São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Michele Lima Gregorio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine , São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Eliane Milharcix Zanovelo
- Departament of Patology of the Hospital de Base University Hospital of the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto - HB/FAMERP, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Lopes Ferraz Filho
- Departament of Patology of the Hospital de Base University Hospital of the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto - HB/FAMERP, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Merussi Neiva
- Department of Physical Education of the Sao Paulo State University- "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" Campus- UNESP/Campos de Bauru, Brazil
| | | | - Moacir Fernandes de Godoy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine , São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Waldir Antonio Tognola
- Departament of Neurology of the Medical School of São José do Rio Preto - FAMERP, Brazil
| | - Dorotéia Rossi Silva Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine , São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hortobágyi T, Bencze J, Murnyák B, Kouhsari MC, Bognár L, Marko-Varga G. Pathophysiology of Meningioma Growth in Pregnancy. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:195-200. [PMID: 28744488 PMCID: PMC5518713 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningioma is among the most frequent brain tumours predominantly affecting elderly women. Epidemiological studies have shown that at the age of fertility the incidence is relatively low. The biological behaviour of meningioma in pregnancy is different from other meningiomas. The possible explanation is rooted in the complex physiological changes and hormonal differences during pregnancy. The increased meningioma growth observed in pregnancy is presumably the result of endocrine mechanisms. These include increase in progesterone, human placental lactogen (hPL) and prolactin (PRL) serum levels. In contrast, levels of pituitary hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta are decreasing in the mother prior to childbirth. Besides, vascular factors also play a crucial role. Peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), with well-known causative association with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), can often be seen both with imaging and in the surgical specimens. Our aim is to assess published research on this topic including diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines, and to provide a clinically useful overview on the pathophysiology and biological behaviour of this rare complication of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Murnyák
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mahan C Kouhsari
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Bognár
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen Clinical Center, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Division of Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Jelski W, Laniewska-Dunaj M, Orywal K, Kochanowicz J, Rutkowski R, Szmitkowski M. The diagnostic value of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) measurement in the sera of patients with brain tumor. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:346-352. [PMID: 28261287 PMCID: PMC5332462 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2017.65366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) exist in the brain. Alcohol dehydrogenase and ALDH are also present in brain tumor cells. Moreover, the activity of class I isoenzymes was significantly higher in cancer than healthy brain cells. The activity of these enzymes in tumor tissue is reflected in the serum and could thus be helpful for diagnostics of brain neoplasms. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of ADH and ALDH as markers for brain tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples were taken for routine biochemical investigation from 115 patients suffering from brain tumors (65 glioblastomas, 50 meningiomas). For the measurement of the activity of class I and II ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity, fluorometric methods were used. The total ADH activity and activity of class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by the photometric method. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the activity of ADH I isoenzyme and ADH total in the sera of brain tumor patients compared to the controls. The diagnostic sensitivity for ADH I was 78%, specificity 85%, and positive and negative predictive values were 86% and 76% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ADH I increased with the stage of the carcinoma. Area under receiver-operating characteristic curve for ADH I was 0.71. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest a potential role for ADH I as a marker for brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jelski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Orywal
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Robert Rutkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, Bialystok, Poland
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Yao X, Zhang K, Bian J, Chen G. Alcohol consumption and risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A meta-analysis of 14 observational studies. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:428-436. [PMID: 27699009 PMCID: PMC5038345 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between alcohol consumption and the risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is inconsistent. Thus, meta- and a dose-response analyses are presented with the purpose of assessing their associations. A systematic literature search was performed using Pubmed and Embase electronic databases for pertinent observational studies. Random-effects or fixed-effect models were employed to combine the estimates of the relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A dose-response pattern was conducted for further analysis. The current meta-analysis includes 14 observational studies reporting data on 483,553 individuals and 2,556 patients. The combined RRs of light alcohol consumption (<15 g/day) and moderate alcohol consumption (15–30 g/day) compared with teetotal individuals were 1.27 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.68) and 1.33 (95% CI: 0.84, 2.09), respectively, which indicated no significant association between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and SAH. An increased risk of SAH was noted in heavy alcohol consumption (>30 g/day) when compared with no alcohol consumption, as demonstrated by a result of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.46, 2.17). Dose-response analysis showed evidence of a linear association (P=0.0125) between alcohol consumption and SAH. The risk of SAH increased by 12.1% when alcohol consumption was increased by 10 g/day. Therefore, heavy alcohol consumption was found to be associated with an increased risk of SAH. Furthermore, the association between SAH and alcohol consumption has clinical relevance with regard to risk factor modification and the primary and secondary prevention of SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jieyong Bian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Xiangcheng People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215131, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Hortobágyi T, Bencze J, Varkoly G, Kouhsari MC, Klekner Á. Meningioma recurrence. Open Med (Wars) 2016; 11:168-173. [PMID: 28352788 PMCID: PMC5329819 DOI: 10.1515/med-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningioma accounts for more than 30% of all intracranial tumours. It affects mainly the elderly above the age of 60, at a female:male ratio of 3:2. The prognosis is variable: it is usually favourable with no progression in tumour grade and no recurrence in WHO grade 1 tumours. However, a minority of tumours represent atypical (grade 2) or anaplastic (grade 3) meningiomas; this heterogeneity is also reflected in histopathological appearances. Irrespective of the grade, the size of the tumour and the localisation may have severe, sometimes lethal consequences. Following neurosurgical interventions to remove the tumour, recurrence and progression in WHO grade may occur. Our knowledge on predisposing histomorphological and molecular factors of recurrence is rather limited. These can be classified as I) demographic II) environmental, III) genetic and epigenetic IV) imaging, V) neuropathological, and VI) neurosurgical. In view of the complex background of tumour recurrence, the recognition of often subtle signs of increased risk of recurrence requires close collaboration of experts from several medical specialties. This multidisciplinary approach results in better therapy and fewer complications related to tumour recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Hortobágyi
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., H-4032, Hungary
| | - János Bencze
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Varkoly
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mahan C Kouhsari
- Division of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Álmos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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17
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Acute Behavioral and Long-Term Health Effects of Moderate Alcohol Use in Older Adults. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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18
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de Menezes RF, Bergmann A, de Aguiar SS, Thuler LCS. Alcohol consumption and the risk of cancer in Brazil: A study involving 203,506 cancer patients. Alcohol 2015; 49:747-51. [PMID: 26298519 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and the risk of developing the most common types of cancer in the Brazilian population. It is a case-control study in which the most common types of cancer were considered as cases and non-melanoma skin cancers as controls. Data were routinely obtained by hospital-based cancer registrars. Individuals between 18 and 100 years old, diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2009, with information regarding alcohol consumption, were included. The odds ratio (OR) for each type of cancer was calculated, adjusting for confounding variables. The etiologic fraction (EF) was calculated in cases with statistically significant results. The study included 203,506 individuals (110,550 women and 92,956 men), with an average age of 59 years. A statistically significant association was found between alcohol consumption and increased risk of cancers of the respiratory and digestive systems, prostate, and female breast. The association between alcohol consumption and cancers of the urinary tract, male genital organs, and other neoplasias was not statistically significant. Consumption of alcoholic beverages increased the risk of developing cancer of the nasal cavity, pyriform sinus, oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, hypopharynx, lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, breast, prostate, colon and rectum, and anus and anal canal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Bergmann
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, National Cancer Institute, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Coordination of Education, National Cancer Institute, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Claudio Santos Thuler
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, National Cancer Institute, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Neurology Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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19
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Bagnardi V, Rota M, Botteri E, Tramacere I, Islami F, Fedirko V, Scotti L, Jenab M, Turati F, Pasquali E, Pelucchi C, Galeone C, Bellocco R, Negri E, Corrao G, Boffetta P, La Vecchia C. Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. Br J Cancer 2015; 112:580-93. [PMID: 25422909 PMCID: PMC4453639 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is a risk factor for cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast, whereas its impact on other cancers remains controversial. METHODS We investigated the effect of alcohol on 23 cancer types through a meta-analytic approach. We used dose-response meta-regression models and investigated potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS A total of 572 studies, including 486 538 cancer cases, were identified. Relative risks (RRs) for heavy drinkers compared with nondrinkers and occasional drinkers were 5.13 for oral and pharyngeal cancer, 4.95 for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1.44 for colorectal, 2.65 for laryngeal and 1.61 for breast cancer; for those neoplasms there was a clear dose-risk relationship. Heavy drinkers also had a significantly higher risk of cancer of the stomach (RR 1.21), liver (2.07), gallbladder (2.64), pancreas (1.19) and lung (1.15). There was indication of a positive association between alcohol consumption and risk of melanoma and prostate cancer. Alcohol consumption and risk of Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol increases risk of cancer of oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus, colorectum, liver, larynx and female breast. There is accumulating evidence that alcohol drinking is associated with some other cancers such as pancreas and prostate cancer and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bagnardi
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - M Rota
- Department of Health Sciences, Centre of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - E Botteri
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - I Tramacere
- Neurology, Besta Neurological Institute, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - F Islami
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Kargar Shomali Ave, 14117-13135 Tehran, I.R. Iran
- Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - V Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - L Scotti
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M Jenab
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert-Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - F Turati
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
- Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Vanzetti, 5 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - E Pasquali
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - C Pelucchi
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - C Galeone
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - R Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Box 281, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - E Negri
- Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - G Corrao
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milan-Bicocca, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - P Boffetta
- The Tisch Cancer Institute and Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | - C La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Vanzetti, 5 - 20133 Milan, Italy
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20
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Owens MA, Craig BM, Egan KM, Reed DR. Birth desires and intentions of women diagnosed with a meningioma. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:1151-6. [PMID: 25623387 DOI: 10.3171/2014.11.jns14522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has examined the impact of meningioma diagnosis on women's birth desires and intentions. In an exploratory study, the authors surveyed women affected by meningioma to determine their attitudes toward childbearing and the influences, including physician recommendations, on this major life decision and compared their responses to those of women in the general population. METHODS Meningioma survivors from the Meningioma Mommas online support group participated in an online survey that included questions on their birth desires and intentions, whether the risk of disease recurrence influenced their reproductive decisions, and risks communicated to them by their physicians. Using chi-square and rank-sum tests, the authors compared the survey participants' responses with those of the general population as assessed by the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Logistic regression was used to adjust for differences in age, race, ethnicity, education, parity, pregnancy status, and infertility status in these populations. RESULTS Respondents with meningioma were more likely than those in the general population to report wanting a baby (70% vs 54%, respectively), intending to have a baby (27% vs 12%, respectively), and being very sure about this intention (10% vs 2%, respectively). More than half (32 of 61) of the women of childbearing age reported being advised by a physician about potential risk factors for recurrence of the meningioma, and pregnancy was the most commonly cited risk factor (26 of 61). The most common factor influencing birth desires and intentions was risk of the meningioma returning and requiring more treatment, which was reported by nearly two-thirds of the women in their childbearing years. CONCLUSIONS A majority of the meningioma survivors of childbearing age who completed the survey reported a desire for children, although concern about the risk of meningioma recurrence was an important factor for these women when making reproductive decisions. Physicians are in a position to educate their patients on potential risk factors for recurrence and to provide contact information for services such as counseling and family planning.
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21
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Socioeconomic status and glioblastoma risk: a population-based analysis. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 26:179-185. [PMID: 25421378 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with risk of various cancer types because of correlation between SES and causal factors or increased case ascertainment, or both. Studies evaluating the association between glioblastoma and occupational or SES factors have yielded inconsistent results. We evaluated the association between SES and glioblastoma risk using a large, population-based cancer registry dataset. METHODS Data of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program were used to evaluate the impact of SES on glioblastoma risk. SES was divided into quintiles on the basis of census tract of residence. Census tracts are small, geographically defined areas with relatively homogeneous population characteristics. RESULTS Higher SES was strongly associated with increased risk of glioblastoma (p < .001). Relative to persons living in census tracts of the lowest SES quintile, the highest SES quintile had a rate ratio of 1.45 (95 % CI 1.39-1.51) (p < .001). Similar associations were seen in population subgroups defined by age, sex, and race. CONCLUSIONS The strong association between higher SES and greater glioblastoma risk is unlikely to represent an ascertainment effect because glioblastoma is rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal. A number of previously proposed glioma risk factors may be correlated with SES, including atopy and allergy rates, cellular telephone use, and body morphometric measures. Further research is needed to define the mechanism of this association.
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Alcohol consumption and risk of glioma: a meta-analysis of 19 observational studies. Nutrients 2014; 6:504-16. [PMID: 24473233 PMCID: PMC3942713 DOI: 10.3390/nu6020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between risk of glioma and alcohol consumption has been widely studied, but results have been conflicting. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to systematically assess the relationship between alcohol drinking and risk of glioma. Two electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) were searched from inception to 8 August 2013 to identify pertinent studies that linked alcohol drinking with glioma risk. We used a random-effects model to calculate the overall relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Fifteen case-control and four cohort studies were identified for this analysis. The combined RR for total alcohol drinkers versus non-drinkers was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.89–1.04). In the subgroup analysis by geographic area, a significant association was observed in North American studies (RR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.65–0.93), but not in European or Asian/Australian studies. In the subgroup analysis by study design, a borderline significant association emerged in population-based case-control studies (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.99), but not in hospital-based case-control studies (RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01) or cohort group (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.88–1.20). Our results show no material association between alcohol consumption and risk of glioma existed. Further prospective evidences are needed to confirm this association.
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Cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and risk of glioma in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:242-8. [PMID: 24335921 PMCID: PMC3887282 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking increase the risk of several cancers and certain components of cigarette smoke and alcohol can penetrate the blood-brain barrier, it remains unclear whether these exposures influence the risk of glioma. METHODS We examined the associations between cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and risk of glioma in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study, a prospective study of 477,095 US men and women ages 50-71 years at baseline. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using models with age as the time metric and adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. RESULTS During a median 10.5 person-years of follow-up, 492 men and 212 women were diagnosed with first primary glioma. Among men, current, heavier smoking was associated with a reduced risk of glioma compared with never smoking, but this was based on only nine cases. No associations were observed between smoking behaviours and glioma risk in women. Greater alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of glioma, particularly among men (>2 drinks per day vs <1 drink per week: HR=0.67, 95% CI=0.51-0.90). CONCLUSION Smoking and alcohol drinking do not appear to increase the risk of glioma.
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Anic GM, Madden MH, Sincich K, Thompson RC, Nabors LB, Olson JJ, LaRocca RV, Browning JE, Pan E, Egan KM. Early life exposures and the risk of adult glioma. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 28:753-8. [PMID: 23681776 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to common infections in early life may stimulate immune development and reduce the risk for developing cancer. Birth order and family size are proxies for the timing of exposure to childhood infections with several studies showing a reduced risk of glioma associated with a higher order of birth (and presumed younger age at infection). The aim of this study was to examine whether birth order, family size, and other early life exposures are associated with the risk of glioma in adults using data collected in a large clinic-based US case-control study including 889 glioma cases and 903 community controls. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on family structure, childhood exposures and other potential risk factors. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between early life factors and glioma risk. Persons having any siblings were at significantly lower risk for glioma when compared to those reporting no siblings (OR=0.64; 95% CI 0.44-0.93; p=0.020). Compared to first-borns, individuals with older siblings had a significantly lower risk (OR=0.75; 95% CI 0.61-0.91; p=0.004). Birth weight, having been breast fed in infancy, and season of birth were not associated with glioma risk. The current findings lend further support to a growing body of evidence that early exposure to childhood infections reduces the risk of glioma onset in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Anic
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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The activity of class I, II, III and IV of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in brain cancer. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1517-21. [PMID: 23624825 PMCID: PMC3671125 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain being highly sensitive to the action of alcohol is potentially susceptible to its carcinogenic effects. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) are the main enzymes involved in ethanol metabolism, which leads to the generation of carcinogenic acetaldehyde. Human brain tissue contains various ADH isoenzymes and possess also ALDH activity. The purpose of this study was to compare the capacity for ethanol metabolism measured by ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity in cancer tissues and healthy brain cells. The samples were taken from 62 brain cancer patients (36 glioblastoma, 26 meningioma). For the measurement of the activity of class I and II ADH isoenzymes and ALDH activity, the fluorometric methods were used. The total ADH activity and activity of class III and IV isoenzymes were measured by the photometric method. The total activity of ADH, and activity of class I ADH were significantly higher in cancer cells than in healthy tissues. The other tested classes of ADH and ALDH did not show statistically significant differences of activity in cancer and in normal cells. Analysis of the enzymes activity did not show significant differences depending on the location of the tumor. The differences in the activity of total alcohol dehydrogenase, and class I isoenzyme between cancer tissues and healthy brain cells might be a factor for metabolic changes and disturbances in low mature cancer cells and additionally might be a reason for higher level of acetaldehyde which can intensify the carcinogenesis.
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