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Magni V, Cozzi A, Muscogiuri G, Benedek A, Rossini G, Fanizza M, Di Giulio G, Sardanelli F. Background parenchymal enhancement on contrast-enhanced mammography: associations with breast density and patient's characteristics. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2024:10.1007/s11547-024-01860-5. [PMID: 39060886 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-024-01860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate if background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), graded according to the 2022 CEM-dedicated Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, is associated with breast density, menopausal status, and age. METHODS This bicentric retrospective analysis included CEM examinations performed for the work-up of suspicious mammographic findings. Three readers independently and blindly evaluated BPE on recombined CEM images and breast density on low-energy CEM images. Inter-reader reliability was estimated using Fleiss κ. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed, dichotomising breast density and BPE as low (a/b BI-RADS categories, minimal/mild BPE) and high (c/d BI-RADS categories, moderate/marked BPE). RESULTS A total of 200 women (median age 56.8 years, interquartile range 50.5-65.6, 140/200 in menopause) were included. Breast density was classified as a in 27/200 patients (13.5%), as b in 110/200 (55.0%), as c in 52/200 (26.0%), and as d in 11/200 (5.5%), with moderate inter-reader reliability (κ = 0.536; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.482-0.590). BPE was minimal in 95/200 patients (47.5%), mild in 64/200 (32.0%), moderate in 25/200 (12.5%), marked in 16/200 (8.0%), with substantial inter-reader reliability (κ = 0.634; 95% CI 0.581-0.686). At multivariable logistic regression, premenopausal status and breast density were significant positive predictors of high BPE, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.120 (95% CI 1.847-20.281, p = 0.003) and 2.416 (95% CI 1.095-5.332, p = 0.029) respectively. CONCLUSION BPE on CEM is associated with well-established breast cancer risk factors, being higher in women with higher breast density and premenopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Magni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cozzi
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Imaging Institute of Southern Switzerland (IIMSI), Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete 46, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Muscogiuri
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Adrienn Benedek
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossini
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Fanizza
- Department of Breast Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Giulio
- Department of Breast Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sardanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli 31, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Via Rodolfo Morandi 30, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Italy
- Lega Italiana per la Lotta contro i Tumori (LILT) Milano Monza Brianza, Piazzale Paolo Gorini 22, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Hirsch L, Huang Y, Makse HA, Martinez DF, Hughes M, Eskreis-Winkler S, Pinker K, Morris E, Parra LC, Sutton EJ. [WITHDRAWN] Predicting breast cancer with AI for individual risk-adjusted MRI screening and early detection. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2312.00067v2. [PMID: 38076513 PMCID: PMC10705586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper has been withdrawn by Lukas Hirsch. Major revisions and rewriting in progress.
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Xu C, Jiang M, Lin F, Zhang K, Xie H, Lv W, Ji H, Mao N. Qualitative assessments of density and background parenchymal enhancement on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography associated with breast cancer risk in high-risk women. Br J Radiol 2023; 96:20220051. [PMID: 37227804 PMCID: PMC10392639 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20220051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between the risk of breast cancer for high-risk females and the density and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). METHODS Females at high-risk, without breast cancer history and received CESM from July 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled. The longest follow-up time was 4.5 years, and patients who developed breast cancer with maximized follow-up time were classified as cancer cohort, while females who did not develop breast cancer were categorized as control cohort. These two cohorts were one-to-one matched in age, family and/or genetic history of breast cancer, menopausal status and BRCA status. The density and BPE at CESM imaging were assessed. Conditional logistic regression was applied to evaluate the relationship between imaging features and breast cancer risk. RESULTS During the follow-up interval, 90 women at high-risk without history of breast cancer were newly diagnosed. Compared with minimal BPE, increasing BPE levels were associated with the risk of breast cancer among high-risk females in a time interval of 4.5 years (mild: odds ratio [OR]=3.2, p = 0.001; moderate: OR = 4.0, p = 0.002; marked: OR = 11.2, p < 0.001). In addition, females with mild, moderate or marked BPE were four times more likely to be diagnosed with breast cancer than females with minimal BPE in a time interval of 4.5 years (OR = 4.0, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Qualitative CESM BPE assessment may be useful in the prediction of breast cancer risk among high-risk females. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE • Qualitative CESM BPE assessment may be useful in the prediction of breast cancer risk among high-risk women during the follow-up period of 4.5 years. • The significance of breast density as an independent risk factor is not fully established for high-risk women during the follow-up period of 4.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Physical Examination Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Meiping Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haizhu Xie
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Physical Examination Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Haixia Ji
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Brown JC, Ligibel JA, Crane TE, Kontos D, Yang S, Conant EF, Mack JA, Ahima RS, Schmitz KH. Obesity and metabolic dysfunction correlate with background parenchymal enhancement in premenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:479-486. [PMID: 36628617 PMCID: PMC10141499 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that obesity and metabolic abnormalities correlate with background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), the volume and intensity of enhancing fibroglandular breast tissue on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Participants included 59 premenopausal women at high risk of breast cancer. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 . Metabolic parameters included dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-quantified body composition, plasma biomarkers of insulin resistance, adipokines, inflammation, lipids, and urinary sex hormones. BPE was assessed using computerized algorithms on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS BMI was positively correlated with BPE (r = 0.69; p < 0.001); participants with obesity had higher BPE than those without obesity (404.9 ± 189.6 vs. 261.8 ± 143.8 cm2 ; Δ: 143.1 cm2 [95% CI: 49.5-236.7]; p = 0.003). Total body fat mass (r = 0.68; p < 0.001), body fat percentage (r = 0.64; p < 0.001), visceral adipose tissue area (r = 0.65; p < 0.001), subcutaneous adipose tissue area (r = 0.60; p < 0.001), insulin (r = 0.59; p < 0.001), glucose (r = 0.35; p = 0.011), homeostatic model of insulin resistance (r = 0.62; p < 0.001), and leptin (r = 0.60; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with BPE. Adiponectin (r = -0.44; p < 0.001) was negatively correlated with BPE. Plasma biomarkers of inflammation and lipids and urinary sex hormones were not correlated with BPE. CONCLUSIONS In premenopausal women at high risk of breast cancer, increased BPE is associated with obesity, insulin resistance, leptin, and adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C. Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- LSU Health Sciences Center New Orleans School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido St, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | | | - Tracy E. Crane
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10 Ave, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Despina Kontos
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center, Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 10104
| | - Shengping Yang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Emily F. Conant
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center, Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 10104
| | - Julie A. Mack
- Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Rexford S. Ahima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument St., Baltimore, MD 21287
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Bauer E, Levy MS, Domachevsky L, Anaby D, Nissan N. Background parenchymal enhancement and uptake as breast cancer imaging biomarkers: A state-of-the-art review. Clin Imaging 2021; 83:41-50. [PMID: 34953310 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Within the past decade, background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and background parenchymal uptake (BPU) have emerged as novel imaging-derived biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of breast cancer. Growing evidence supports the role of breast parenchyma vascularity and metabolic activity as probable risk factors for breast cancer development. Furthermore, in the presence of a newly-diagnosed breast cancer, added clinically-relevant data was surprisingly found in the respective imaging properties of the non-affected contralateral breast. Evaluation of the contralateral BPE and BPU have been found to be especially instrumental in predicting the prognosis of a patient with breast cancer and even anticipating their response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Simultaneously, further research has found a link between these two biomarkers, even though they represent different physical properties. The aim of this review is to provide an up to date summary of the current clinical applications of BPE and BPU as breast cancer imaging biomarkers with the hope that it propels their further usage in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Miri Sklair Levy
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Liran Domachevsky
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Debbie Anaby
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Noam Nissan
- Department of Radiology, Sheba Medical Center, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Li Z, Wu L, Zhang J, Huang X, Thabane L, Li G. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2021; 8:655727. [PMID: 33869269 PMCID: PMC8049142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.655727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Laboratory findings indicated that vitamin D might have a potent protective effect on breast cancer, but epidemiology studies reported conflicting results. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on risk of breast cancer. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and abstracts of three major conferences were searched (up to December 8, 2020). Parallel randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on risk of breast cancer or change of mammography compared with placebo in females were included. Data were meta-analyzed using a random-effects model. Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the results using data from observational studies as priors. Results: Seven RCTs were identified for effect of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer, with 19,137 females included for meta-analysis. No statistically significant effect of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer was found in classical random-effects meta-analysis (risk ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.84–1.28, p = 0.71). When Bayesian meta-analyses were conducted, results remained non-significant. There was no statistically significant effect of vitamin D on mammography density observed: mean difference = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: −2.06 to 2.98, p = 0.72. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer risk and change of mammography density. The protective effect of vitamin D on risk of breast cancer from previous observational studies may be overestimated. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier CRD42019138718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangzhi Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junguo Zhang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lehana Thabane
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Guowei Li
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Methodology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Response Predictivity to Neoadjuvant Therapies in Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Analysis of Background Parenchymal Enhancement in DCE-MRI. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040256. [PMID: 33915842 PMCID: PMC8065517 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: For assessing the predictability of oncology neoadjuvant therapy results, the background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) parameter in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has acquired increased interest. This work aims to qualitatively evaluate the BPE parameter as a potential predictive marker for neoadjuvant therapy. Method: Three radiologists examined, in triple-blind modality, the MRIs of 80 patients performed before the start of chemotherapy, after three months from the start of treatment, and after surgery. They identified the portion of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and BPE of the contralateral breast to the tumor in the basal control pre-treatment (baseline). Results: We observed a reduction of BPE classes in serial MRI checks performed during neoadjuvant therapy, as compared to baseline pre-treatment conditions, in 61.3% of patients in the intermediate step, and in 86.7% of patients in the final step. BPE reduction was significantly associated with sequential anthracyclines/taxane administration in the first cycle of neoadjuvant therapy compared to anti-HER2 containing therapies. The therapy response was also significantly related to tumor size. There were no associations with menopausal status, fibroglandular tissue (FGT) amount, age, BPE baseline, BPE in intermediate, and in the final MRI step. Conclusions: The measured variability of this parameter during therapy could predict therapy effectiveness in early stages, improving decision-making in the perspective of personalized medicine. Our preliminary results suggest that BPE may represent a predictive factor in response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer, warranting future investigations in conjunction with radiomics.
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Hesse LS, Kuling G, Veta M, Martel AL. Intensity Augmentation to Improve Generalizability of Breast Segmentation Across Different MRI Scan Protocols. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 68:759-770. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3016602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Carter RE, Attia ZI, Geske JR, Conners AL, Whaley DH, Hunt KN, O'Connor MK, Rhodes DJ, Hruska CB. Classification of Background Parenchymal Uptake on Molecular Breast Imaging Using a Convolutional Neural Network. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2020; 3:1-11. [PMID: 30807208 DOI: 10.1200/cci.18.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Background parenchymal uptake (BPU), which describes the level of radiotracer uptake in normal fibroglandular tissue on molecular breast imaging (MBI), has been identified as a breast cancer risk factor. Our objective was to develop and validate a deep learning model using image convolution to automatically categorize BPU on MBI. METHODS MBI examinations obtained for clinical and research purposes from 2004 to 2015 were reviewed to classify the BPU pattern using a standardized five-category scale. Two expert radiologists provided interpretations that were used as the reference standard for modeling. The modeling consisted of training and validating a convolutional neural network to predict BPU. Model performance was summarized in data reserved to test the performance of the algorithm at the per-image and per-breast levels. RESULTS Training was performed on 24,639 images from 3,133 unique patients. The model performance on the withheld testing data (6,172 images; 786 patients) was evaluated. Using direct matching on the predicted classification resulted in an accuracy of 69.4% (95% CI, 67.4% to 71.3%), and if prediction within one category was considered, accuracy increased to 96.0% (95% CI, 95.2% to 96.7%). When considering the breast-level prediction of BPU, the accuracy remained strong, with 70.3% (95% CI, 68.0% to 72.6%) and 96.2% (95% CI, 95.3% to 97.2%) for the direct match and allowance for one category, respectively. CONCLUSION BPU provided a robust target for training a convolutional neural network. A validated computer algorithm will allow for objective, reproducible encoding of BPU to foster its integration into risk-stratification algorithms.
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Breast-specific gamma imaging or ultrasonography as adjunct imaging diagnostics in women with mammographically dense breasts. Eur Radiol 2020; 30:6062-6071. [PMID: 32524221 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-06950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammography (MMG) shows decreased diagnostic accuracy in dense breast tissue, and thus, ultrasonography (US) and breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) have gradually been adopted for women with mammographically dense breasts. However, these two adjunct modalities have not been directly compared in previous studies. Hence, we investigated the adjunctive efficacy of US and BSGI in mammographically dense breasts. METHODS This retrospective, comparative study recruited women with mammographically dense breasts. All enrolled women underwent US and BSGI as adjunctive imaging, and the comparative sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of combined MMG plus BSGI versus MMG plus US were evaluated. McNemar's test was used for paired binary data in this comparative analysis. RESULTS From April 2013 to April 2016, 364 women with mammographically dense breasts and a final surgical or biopsy pathological diagnosis were recruited, comprising 218 cases of malignant disease (59.9%) and 146 cases of benign disease (40.1%). There was no difference between BSGI and US in enhancing the sensitivity of MMG diagnosis (Se-Difference 3.2%, p = 0.23), but the diagnostic specificity of MMG plus BSGI was superior to that of MMG plus US (Sp-Difference 10.3%, p = 0.003). The area under the ROC curve showed that MMG plus BSGI had better diagnostic accuracy than MMG plus US (0.90 vs. 0.83, p = 0.0019). CONCLUSIONS For women with mammographically dense breasts, MMG plus BSGI or US can improve the diagnostic accuracy. In addition, BSGI has high specificity and could reduce invasive biopsies and thus may represent a viable diagnostic imaging alternative for mammographically dense breasts. KEY POINTS • Both BSGI and US can be applied as adjunct imaging diagnostics in women with mammographically dense breasts. • The diagnostic accuracy of MMG plus BSGI was higher than that of MMG plus US. • BSGI has the potential to be used as an adjunct diagnostic modality in women with mammographically dense breasts.
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Mema E, Schnabel F, Chun J, Kaplowitz E, Price A, Goodgal J, Moy L. The relationship of breast density in mammography and magnetic resonance imaging in women with triple negative breast cancer. Eur J Radiol 2020; 124:108813. [PMID: 31927471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the relationship between mammographic density, background parenchymal enhancement and fibroglandular tissue on MRI in women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to women with non-triple negative breast cancer (non-TNBC). METHODS The institutional Breast Cancer Database was queried to identify the clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics among women who underwent mammography and breast MRI between 2010-2018. Statistical analyses included Pearson's Chi Square, Wilcoxon Rank-Sum and logistic regression. RESULTS Of 2995 women, 225 (7.5 %) had TNBC with a median age of 60 years (23-96) and median follow-up of 5.69 years. Compared to women with non-TNBC, TNBC was associated with African-American race 36/225 (16 %), BRCA1,2 positivity 34/225 (15.1 %), previous history of breast cancer 35/225 (15.6 %), presenting on breast exam 126/225 (56 %) or MRI 13/225 (5.8 %), palpability 133/225 (59.1 %), more invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) 208/225 (92.4 %), higher stage (stage III) 37/225 (16.5 %), higher grade (grade 3) 186/225 (82.7 %) (all p < 0.001), lower mammographic breast density (MBD) 18/225 (8 %) (p = 0.04), lower fibroglandular tissue (FGT) 17/225 (7.6 %) (p = 0.01), and lower background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) 89/225 (39.8 %) (p = 0.02). Nine of 225 (4 %) women with TNBC experienced recurrence with no significant association with MBD, FGT, or BPE. There was no significant difference in median age of our TNBC and non-TNBC cohorts. CONCLUSIONS The higher proportion of women with lower MBD, FGT and BPE in women with TNBC suggests that MBD, amount of FGT and degree of BPE may be associated with breast cancer risk in women with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eralda Mema
- Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Department of Radiology, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States.
| | - Freya Schnabel
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Jennifer Chun
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Elianna Kaplowitz
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Alison Price
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Jenny Goodgal
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States
| | - Linda Moy
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Radiology, United States; New York University, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, United States; New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Population Health, Division of Biostatistics, United States
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Leithner D, Helbich TH, Bernard-Davila B, Marino MA, Avendano D, Martinez DF, Jochelson MS, Kapetas P, Baltzer PAT, Haug A, Hacker M, Tanyildizi Y, Morris EA, Pinker K. Multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI of the Breast: Are There Differences in Imaging Biomarkers of Contralateral Healthy Tissue Between Patients With and Without Breast Cancer? J Nucl Med 2020; 61:20-25. [PMID: 31253745 PMCID: PMC6954464 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.230003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rationale was to assess whether there are differences in multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI biomarkers of contralateral healthy breast tissue in patients with benign and malignant breast tumors. Methods: In this institutional review board-approved prospective single-institution study, 141 women with imaging abnormalities on mammography or sonography (BI-RADS 4/5) underwent combined 18F-FDG PET/MRI of the breast at 3T with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging, and the radiotracer 18F-FDG. In all patients, the following imaging biomarkers were recorded for the contralateral (tumor-free) breast: breast parenchymal uptake (BPU) (from 18F-FDG PET), mean apparent diffusion coefficient (from diffusion-weighted imaging), background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) (from MRI). Appropriate statistical tests were used to assess differences in 18F-FDG PET/MRI biomarkers between patients with benign and malignant lesions. Results: There were 100 malignant and 41 benign lesions. BPE was minimal in 61 patients, mild in 56, moderate in 19, and marked in 5. BPE differed significantly (P < 0.001) between patients with benign and malignant lesions, with patients with cancer demonstrating decreased BPE in the contralateral tumor-free breast. FGT approached but did not reach significance (P = 0.055). BPU was 1.5 for patients with minimal BPE, 1.9 for mild BPE, 2.2 for moderate BPE, and 1.9 for marked BPE. BPU differed significantly between patients with benign lesions (mean, 1.9) and patients with malignant lesions (mean, 1.8) (P < 0.001). Mean apparent diffusion coefficient did not differ between groups (P = 0.19). Conclusion: Differences in multiparametric 18F-FDG PET/MRI biomarkers, obtained from contralateral tumor-free breast tissue, exist between patients with benign and patients with malignant breast tumors. Contralateral BPE, BPU, and FGT are decreased in breast cancer patients and may potentially serve as imaging biomarkers for the presence of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Leithner
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanca Bernard-Davila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maria Adele Marino
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphologic and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Daly Avendano
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Breast Imaging, Breast Cancer Center TecSalud, ITESM Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Danny F Martinez
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maxine S Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Panagiotis Kapetas
- Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascal A T Baltzer
- Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Haug
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yasemin Tanyildizi
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Morris
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Katja Pinker
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Cohn BA, La Merrill MA, Krigbaum NY, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M, Yeh G, Hovey RC, Zimmermann L, Cirillo PM. In utero exposure to poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and subsequent breast cancer. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 92:112-119. [PMID: 31323350 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that maternal perinatal serum levels of poly and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) predict risk for breast cancer in daughters in a 54-year follow-up of 9300 daughters born 1959-1967 in the Child Health and Development Studies pregnancy cohort. Total cholesterol and PFASs were measured in archived maternal perinatal serum for 102 daughter breast cancer cases diagnosed by age 52, and 310 controls matched on birth year and blood draw trimester. High maternal N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), a precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), in combination with high maternal total cholesterol predicted a 3.6-fold increased risk of breast cancer (pinteraction<0.05). Conversely, maternal PFOS was associated with decreased daughters' breast cancer risk. Predictions were robust to alternative modeling and independent of other maternal factors. Future generations continue to be exposed to ubiquitous, persistent PFASs. These findings are relevant to breast cancer prevention if confirmed experimentally and where possible, in additional epidemiology studies of internal doses of PFASs and other chemical mixtures especially during vulnerable windows in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michele A La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Gregory Yeh
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lauren Zimmermann
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Leithner D, Horvat JV, Bernard-Davila B, Helbich TH, Ochoa-Albiztegui RE, Martinez DF, Zhang M, Thakur SB, Wengert GJ, Staudenherz A, Jochelson MS, Morris EA, Baltzer PAT, Clauser P, Kapetas P, Pinker K. A multiparametric [ 18F]FDG PET/MRI diagnostic model including imaging biomarkers of the tumor and contralateral healthy breast tissue aids breast cancer diagnosis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1878-1888. [PMID: 31197455 PMCID: PMC6647078 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a multiparametric [18F]FDG positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) model for breast cancer diagnosis incorporating imaging biomarkers of breast tumors and contralateral healthy breast tissue. Methods In this prospective study and retrospective data analysis, 141 patients (mean 57 years) with an imaging abnormality detected on mammography and/or ultrasound (BI-RADS 4/5) underwent combined multiparametric [18F]FDG PET/MRI with PET/computed tomography and multiparametric MRI of the breast at 3 T. Images were evaluated and the following were recorded: for the tumor, BI-RADS descriptors on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI, mean apparent diffusion co-efficient (ADCmean) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) on [18F]FDG-PET; and for the contralateral healthy breast, background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) and amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) on DCE-MRI, ADCmean on DWI, and SUVmax. Histopathology served as standard of reference. Uni-, bi-, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between malignancy and imaging features. Predictive discrimination of benign and malignant breast lesions was examined using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results There were 100 malignant and 41 benign lesions (size: median 1.9, range 0.5–10 cm). The multivariate regression model incorporating significant univariate predictors identified tumor enhancement kinetics (P = 0.0003), tumor ADCmean (P < 0.001), and BPE of the contralateral healthy breast (P = 0.0019) as independent predictors for breast cancer diagnosis. Other biomarkers did not reach significance. Combination of the three significant biomarkers achieved an AUC value of 0.98 for breast cancer diagnosis. Conclusion A multiparametric [18F]FDG PET/MRI diagnostic model incorporating both qualitative and quantitative parameters of the tumor and the healthy contralateral tissue aids breast cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Leithner
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Joao V Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Blanca Bernard-Davila
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas H Helbich
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Elena Ochoa-Albiztegui
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Danny F Martinez
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sunitha B Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Georg J Wengert
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Staudenherz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maxine S Jochelson
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Morris
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Pascal A T Baltzer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paola Clauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Panagiotis Kapetas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Pinker
- Department of Radiology, Breast Imaging Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 300 E 66th St, 7th Floor, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Molecular and Gender Imaging, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Bignotti B, Calabrese M, Signori A, Tosto S, Valdora F, Tagliafico A, Durando M, Mariscotti G. Background parenchymal enhancement assessment: Inter- and intra-rater reliability across breast MRI sequences. Eur J Radiol 2019; 114:57-61. [PMID: 31005177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate inter- and intra-rater reliability of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) assessment across breast MRI sequences. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval was obtained and the requirement for consent was waived. Three radiologists qualitatively categorized BPE on 150 breast MRI using a four-point scale (minimal, mild, moderate or marked) according to BI-RADS category system. According to MR-sequence used for the assessment of BPE, inter-rater and intra-rater reliability across a simulated reading strategy with four options was performed: (1) initial contrast-enhanced (CE) fat-suppressed T1-weighted images (2) initial CE subtracted images (3) maximum-intensity-projection (MIP) of the first CE subtracted images (4) combination of initial CE fat-suppressed T1-weighted, initial CE subtracted and MIP images. Raters repeated BPE assessment of 45 breast MRI four weeks after the initial assessment. Gwet's AC1 index with ordinal weights was used to assess reliabilities. RESULTS Gwet's index for the reliability among the three raters was 0.68 (0.63-0.74) using initial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted images, 0.74 (0.69-0.80) using subtracted images, 0.80 (0.76-0.83) using MIP, 0.80 (0.77-0.84) using a combination of the initial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted, initial contrast-enhanced subtracted and MIP images. Test-retest reliability was 0.81 (0.60-1.00) for rater 1, 0.77 (0.55-0.98) for rater 2, 0.79 (0.59-0.99) for rater 3 using the combination of initial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted, initial contrast-enhanced subtracted and MIP images. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the combination of all CE MRI images showed the highest reliability of BPE assessment. However, MIP showed a high reliability with lower reading time compared to the combination of all CE MRI images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bignotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Massimo Calabrese
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simona Tosto
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesca Valdora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Tagliafico
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Via A. Pastore 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Durando
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Radiology Institute, University of Turin, A. O. U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino - Presidio Ospedaliero Molinette, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mariscotti
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Radiology Institute, University of Turin, A. O. U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino - Presidio Ospedaliero Molinette, Via Genova 3, 10126, Turin, Italy
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16
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Vreemann S, Dalmis MU, Bult P, Karssemeijer N, Broeders MJM, Gubern-Mérida A, Mann RM. Amount of fibroglandular tissue FGT and background parenchymal enhancement BPE in relation to breast cancer risk and false positives in a breast MRI screening program : A retrospective cohort study. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:4678-4690. [PMID: 30796568 PMCID: PMC6682856 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of the amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), measured at baseline on breast MRI, for breast cancer development and risk of false-positive findings in women at increased risk for breast cancer. Methods Negative baseline MRI scans of 1533 women participating in a screening program for women at increased risk for breast cancer between January 1, 2003, and January 1, 2014, were selected. Automated tools based on deep learning were used to obtain quantitative measures of FGT and BPE. Logistic regression using forward selection was used to assess relationships between FGT, BPE, cancer detection, false-positive recall, and false-positive biopsy. Results Sixty cancers were detected in follow-up. FGT was only associated to short-term cancer risk; BPE was not associated with cancer risk. High FGT and BPE did lead to more false-positive recalls at baseline (OR 1.259, p = 0.050, and OR 1.475, p = 0.003) and to more frequent false-positive biopsies at baseline (OR 1.315, p = 0.049, and OR 1.807, p = 0.002), but were not predictive for false-positive findings in subsequent screening rounds. Conclusions FGT and BPE, measured on baseline MRI, are not predictive for overall breast cancer development in women at increased risk. High FGT and BPE lead to more false-positive findings at baseline. Key Points • Amount of fibroglandular tissue is only predictive for short-term breast cancer risk in women at increased risk. • Background parenchymal enhancement measured on baseline MRI is not predictive for breast cancer development in women at increased risk. • High amount of fibroglandular tissue and background parenchymal enhancement lead to more false-positive findings at baseline MRI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00330-019-06020-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Vreemann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, route 766, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mehmet U Dalmis
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, route 766, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nico Karssemeijer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, route 766, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mireille J M Broeders
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gubern-Mérida
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, route 766, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ritse M Mann
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, route 766, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Bicchierai G, Nori J, De Benedetto D, Boeri C, Vanzi E, Bianchi S, Kaur Gill M, Cirone D, Miele V. Role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography in the post biopsy management of B3 lesions: Preliminary results. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 105:378-387. [PMID: 30558495 DOI: 10.1177/0300891618816212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) in the post biopsy management of breast lesions classified as lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) by core needle biopsy and vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). METHODS The local ethics committee approved this retrospective study and for this type of study formal consent is not required. A total of 42 B3 lesions in 40 women aged 41-77 years were included in our study. All patients underwent CESM 2-3 weeks after the biopsy procedure and surgical excision was subsequently performed within 60 days of the CESM procedure. Three radiologists reviewed the images independently. The results were then compared with histologic findings. RESULTS The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for confirmed demonstration of malignancy at CESM were 33.3%, 87.2%, 16.7%, and 94.4% for reader 1; 66.7%, 76.9%, 18.2%, and 96.7% for reader 2; 66.7%, 74.4%, 16.7%, and 96.7% for reader 3. Overall agreement on detection of malignant lesions using CESM among readers ranged from moderate to substantial (κ = .451-.696), for categorization of BPE from moderate to substantial (κ = .562-.711), and for evaluation of lesion intensity enhancement from fair to moderate (κ = .346-.459). CONCLUSION In cases of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 1, BI-RADS 2, or BI-RADS 3 results at CESM, follow-up or VAB rather than surgical biopsy might be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bicchierai
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Jacopo Nori
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Diego De Benedetto
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Boeri
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vanzi
- Diagnostic Senology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Donatello Cirone
- General Management Staff, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi Florence, Italy
| | - Vittorio Miele
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Breast Lesions Detected via Molecular Breast Imaging: Physiological Parameters Affecting Interpretation. Acad Radiol 2018; 25:1568-1576. [PMID: 29580791 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate correlations between molecular breast imaging (MBI) descriptor characteristics and positive predictive value (PPV) in detecting breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed on 193 suspicious findings from 153 women (31-81 years) with positive MBI examinations. We assessed associations between (i) lesion pattern (mass vs. nonmass) and PPV; (ii) lesion pattern and suspected likelihood of cancer (low vs. moderate vs. high); (iii) background parenchymal uptake (BPU) (homogeneous vs. heterogeneous) and PPV; (iv) breast density (dense vs. non-dense) and PPV; and (v) BPU and density. RESULTS One hundred ten of 153 patients were diagnosed with malignancy or high-risk pathology (PPV1 = 71.9%), and 130/193 biopsies resulted in malignant or high-risk lesions (PPV3 = 67.4%). Biopsies of mass vs. nonmass findings had comparable PPV3 (71.7% vs. 61.3%; P = .0717). Mass findings were correlated with higher suspicion for cancer than nonmass findings (P < .001). There was no significant difference in PPV3 when comparing biopsies from homogeneous vs. heterogeneous BPU (72.5% vs. 60.7%; P = .103). No association was found between patients' BPU and diagnosed cancer or high-risk lesions (P = .513). Biopsies from nondense breasts demonstrated higher PPV3 than biopsies from dense breasts (85.4% vs. 60.6%; P = .0025); patients with nondense breasts were more likely to be diagnosed with cancer or high-risk pathology (PPV1 = 87.8% vs. 66.0%; P = .00844). Dense breasts had a greater association with heterogeneous BPU (P = .0844). CONCLUSION Neither variability in mass or nonmass positive MBI findings, nor variability in BPU on MBI were significant determinants for the probability of malignancy. Dense breasts were associated with lower predictability and heterogeneous BPU on MBI.
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19
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Grubstein A, Rapson Y, Benzaquen O, Rozenblatt S, Gadiel I, Atar E, Yerushalmi R, Cohen MJ. Comparison of background parenchymal enhancement and fibroglandular density at breast magnetic resonance imaging between BRCA gene mutation carriers and non-carriers. Clin Imaging 2018; 51:347-351. [PMID: 29982132 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High background parenchymal enhancement and amount of fibroglandular tissue on breast magnetic resonance imaging are related to increased breast cancer risk. This study sought to compare these parameters between BRCA mutation carriers and non-carriers and to evaluate the potential implications of the findings for short term follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging studies of known BRCA mutation carriers, were compared to age-matched non-carrier studies performed in the same center during the same period. The groups were compared for qualitative background parenchymal enhancement and amount of fibroglandular tissue using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). RESULTS Breast parenchymal enhancement was high in up to one-third of the cohort: 22% of carriers and 33% of controls (p = 0.013). These results were sustained on separate analysis of menstrual-cycle-timed examinations. Amount of fibroglandular tissue was high in most cases: 62% of carriers and 75% of controls (p = 0.004). A BI-RADS final assessment score of 3 was more common in patients with high parenchymal enhancement, especially controls. CONCLUSION BRCA mutation carriers demonstrated lower levels of breast parenchymal enhancement and amount of fibroglandular tissue than age-matched non-carriers. These differences are probably influenced by hormonal status, as well as highlight different risks in distinctive subgroups of breast cancer (hormone-enriched, mutation-associated defective DNA damage repair), affecting considerations of preventive medical treatment. Differences in the indications for imaging between the carrier and non-carrier groups (screening for mutations and breast cancer evaluation, respectively) probably accounted for the higher rate of BI-RADS 3 in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahuva Grubstein
- Department of Imaging, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Yael Rapson
- Department of Imaging, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Oshra Benzaquen
- Department of Imaging, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Shira Rozenblatt
- Department of Imaging, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Itay Gadiel
- Department of Imaging, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Eli Atar
- Department of Imaging, Rabin Medical Center - Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Rinat Yerushalmi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel; Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva 4941492, Israel.
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A Gradient-Based Approach for Breast DCE-MRI Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9032408. [PMID: 30140703 PMCID: PMC6081587 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9032408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the main cause of female malignancy worldwide. Effective early detection by imaging studies remains critical to decrease mortality rates, particularly in women at high risk for developing breast cancer. Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a common diagnostic tool in the management of breast diseases, especially for high-risk women. However, during this examination, both normal and abnormal breast tissues enhance after contrast material administration. Specifically, the normal breast tissue enhancement is known as background parenchymal enhancement: it may represent breast activity and depends on several factors, varying in degree and distribution in different patients as well as in the same patient over time. While a light degree of normal breast tissue enhancement generally causes no interpretative difficulties, a higher degree may cause difficulty to detect and classify breast lesions at Magnetic Resonance Imaging even for experienced radiologists. In this work, we intend to investigate the exploitation of some statistical measurements to automatically characterize the enhancement trend of the whole breast area in both normal and abnormal tissues independently from the presence of a background parenchymal enhancement thus to provide a diagnostic support tool for radiologists in the MRI analysis.
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Is Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associated with Breast Cancer? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.64918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Alikhassi A, Miratashi Yazdi SN, Akbari H, Kia SA, Baikpour M. Correlation Between Mammographic Breast Density, Breast Tissue Type in Ultrasonography, Fibroglandular Tissue, and Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018; 12:1178223418771971. [PMID: 29706765 PMCID: PMC5912268 DOI: 10.1177/1178223418771971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in the female population, and imaging studies play a critical role for its early detection. Mammographic breast density (MBD) is one of the markers used to predict the risk stratification of breast cancer in patients. We aimed to assess the correlations among MBD, ultrasound breast composition (USBC), fibroglandular tissue (FGT), and the amount of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in magnetic resonance imaging, after considering the subjects' menopausal status. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the medical records' archives in a tertiary referral hospital were reviewed. Data including age, menopausal status, their mammograms, and ultrasound assessments were extracted from their records. All of their imaging studies were reviewed, and MBD, USBC, FGT, and BPE were determined, recorded, and entered into SPSS software for analysis. Results A total of 121 women (mean age = 42.7 ± 11.0 years) were included, of which 35 out of 115 (30.4%) had reached menopause. Using the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for evaluating the trends among above mentioned 4 radiologic characteristics in the total sample population, a significant positive relation was found between each of these paired variables: (1) USBC-MBD (P = .006), (2) FGT-MBD (P = .001), (3) USBC-BPE (P = .046), (4) USBC-FGT (P = .036), and (5) BPE-FGT (P < .001). These trends were not found to be significant among premenopausal subjects. Conclusions Considering the trends between different measures of breast density in the 3 radiologic modalities, these factors can be used interchangeably in certain settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Alikhassi
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hedieh Akbari
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sona Akbari Kia
- Department of Radiology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Baikpour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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You C, Kaiser AK, Baltzer P, Krammer J, Gu Y, Peng W, Schönberg SO, Kaiser CG. The Assessment of Background Parenchymal Enhancement (BPE) in a High-Risk Population: What Causes BPE? Transl Oncol 2018; 11:243-249. [PMID: 29413756 PMCID: PMC5884181 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate promoting factors for background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in MR mammography (MRM). METHODS 146 patients were retrospectively evaluated, including 91 high-risk patients (50 BRCA patients, 41 patients with elevated lifetime risk). 56 screening patients were matched to the high-risk cases on the basis of age. The correlation of BPE with factors such as fibroglandular tissue (FGT), age, menopausal status, breast cancer, high-risk precondition as well as motion were investigated using linear regression. RESULTS BPE positively correlated with FGT (P<.001) and negatively correlated with menopausal status (P<.001). Cancer did not show an effect on BPE (P>.05). A high-risk precondition showed a significant impact on the formation of BPE (P<.05). However, when corrected for motion, the correlation between BPE and a high-risk precondition became weak and insignificant, and a highly significant association between BPE and motion was revealed (P<.01). CONCLUSION BPE positively correlated with FGT and negatively correlated with age. Cancer did not have an effect on BPE. A high-risk precondition appears to have a negative effect on BPE. However, when corrected for motion, high-risk preconditions became insignificant. Technical as well as physiological influences seem to play an important role in the formation of BPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao You
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | | | - Pascal Baltzer
- Department of Neuroradiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Julia Krammer
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-University of Heidelberg
| | - Yajia Gu
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University
| | - Stefan O Schönberg
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-University of Heidelberg
| | - Clemens G Kaiser
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim-University of Heidelberg.
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Truong BCQ, Fitzgerald AJ, Fan S, Wallace VP. Concentration analysis of breast tissue phantoms with terahertz spectroscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1334-1349. [PMID: 29541525 PMCID: PMC5846535 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz imaging has been previously shown to be capable of distinguishing normal breast tissue from its cancerous form, indicating its applicability to breast conserving surgery. The heterogeneous composition of breast tissue is among the main challenges to progressing this potential research towards a practical application. In this paper, two concentration analysis methods are proposed for analyzing phantoms mimicking breast tissue. The dielectric properties and the double Debye parameters were used to determine the phantom composition. The first method is wholly based on the conventional effective medium theory while the second one combines this theoretical model with empirical polynomial models. Through assessing the accuracy of these methods, their potential for application to quantifying breast tissue pathology was confirmed.
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An YS, Jung Y, Kim JY, Han S, Kang DK, Park SY, Kim TH. Metabolic Activity of Normal Glandular Tissue on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography: Correlation with Menstrual Cycles and Parenchymal Enhancements. J Breast Cancer 2017; 20:386-392. [PMID: 29285044 PMCID: PMC5743999 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2017.20.4.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aims of our study were to correlate the degree of metabolic activity in normal glandular tissue measured on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) with qualitative background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) grades on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to investigate the change in standardized uptake value (SUV) according to the patients' menstrual cycles. Methods From January 2013 to December 2015, 298 consecutive premenopausal patients with breast cancer who underwent both breast MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT were identified. BPE was evaluated in the contralateral breast of cancer patients and categorized as minimal, mild, moderate, or marked based on Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System criteria. We analyzed the correlation between BPE and maximum SUV (SUVmax) and mean SUV (SUVmean) values. We also analyzed the metabolic activity of normal glandular tissue according to the patients' menstrual cycles. Results The mean SUVmax and SUVmean values differed significantly according to BPE grade (p<0001), with the lowest values occurring in the minimal group and the highest values occurring in the marked group. Spearman's correlation coefficients revealed moderate correlations between BPE grade and SUVmax (r=0.472, p<0.001) and BPE and SUVmean (r=0.498, p<0.001). The mean SUVmax and SUVmean values differed significantly according to the patients' menstrual cycles, with the highest values in the 3rd week and the lowest value in the 2nd week. Of 29 patients with low metabolic parenchyma (high BPE but low SUVmean values), 17 (58.6%) were in the 4th week of their menstrual cycle. Conclusion The metabolic activity of normal breast parenchyma, which is highest in the 3rd week and lowest in the 2nd week of the menstrual cycle, correlates moderately with BPE on MRI. Metabolic activity tends to be lower than blood flow and vessel permeability in the 4th week of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Sil An
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yongsik Jung
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sehwan Han
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Doo Kyoung Kang
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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RUIZ JESSICA, NOUIZI FAROUK, CHO JAEDU, ZHENG JIE, LI YIFAN, CHEN JEONHOR, SU MINYING, GULSEN GULTEKIN. Breast density quantification using structured-light-based diffuse optical tomography simulations. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:7146-7157. [PMID: 29047975 PMCID: PMC6691974 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.007146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present the feasibility of structured-light-based diffuse optical tomography (DOT) to quantify the breast density with an extensive simulation study. This study is performed on multiple numerical breast phantoms built from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images. These phantoms represent realistic tissue morphologies and are given typical breast optical properties. First, synthetic data are simulated at five wavelengths using our structured-light-based DOT forward problem. Afterwards, the inverse problem is solved to obtain the absorption images and subsequently the chromophore concentration maps. Parameters, such as segmented volumes and mean concentrations, are extracted from these maps and used in a regression model to estimate the percent breast densities. These estimations are correlated with the true values from MRI, r=0.97, showing that our new technique is promising in measuring breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- JESSICA RUIZ
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - FAROUK NOUIZI
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - JAEDU CHO
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - JIE ZHENG
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - YIFAN LI
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - JEON-HOR CHEN
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- E-Da Hospital and I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - MIN-YING SU
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - GULTEKIN GULSEN
- Tu & Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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Ko KH, Jung HK, Kim I. Analysis of background parenchymal echogenicity on breast ultrasound: Correlation with mammographic breast density and background parenchymal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e7850. [PMID: 28816987 PMCID: PMC5571724 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000007850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the background parenchymal echotexture (BP echo) on breast ultrasound in detail and to evaluate the relation BP echo with menopausal status. In addition, we correlated BP echo with mammographic breast density (MGD) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The institutional review board of our hospital approved this retrospective study, and the requirement of informed consent was waived. We studied 138 women (mean age 51.6 years, range from 26 to 79 years) with newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer, who had performed preoperative mammography, ultrasound, and MR from June 2013 to June 2015. BP echo was classified as homogeneous and heterogeneous according to the BI-RADS US lexicon. MGD was described into fatty, scattered, heterogeneously dense, and extremely dense. BPE was categorized as minimal, mild, moderate, and marked. The relationship between the BP echo and menopausal status was investigated. Associations between the degree of BP echo with MGD grades and BPE grades were also evaluated.Of the 138 women, 74 (54%) were premenopausal and 64 (46%) were postmenopausal. Premenopausal women were more likely to have heterogeneous BP echo (60/74, 81%) compared with postmenopausal women (10/64, 16%) (P = .000). BP echo showed significant correlation with BPE in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women (P = .000). However, MGD showed no significant correlation with BP echo or BPE, regardless of menopausal states. In the postmenopausal group, 70% women (21/30) with dense MGD showed homogeneous BP echo and 77% women (23/30) with dense MGD showed nondense BPE.In conclusion, we demonstrated that the BP echo was influenced by menopausal status. Our data support the concept that BP echo is influenced by breast hormonal changes. Because there was a significant association between BP echo and BPE in pre- and post-menopausal women, the BP echo might be a good predictor for BPE.
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Mema E, Mango VL, Guo X, Karcich J, Yeh R, Wynn RT, Zhao B, Ha RS. Does breast MRI background parenchymal enhancement indicate metabolic activity? Qualitative and 3D quantitative computer imaging analysis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017. [PMID: 28646614 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether the degree of breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) is associated with the amount of breast metabolic activity measured by breast parenchymal uptake (BPU) of 18F-FDG on positron emission tomography / computed tomography (PET/CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS An Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved retrospective study was performed. Of 327 patients who underwent preoperative breast MRI from 1/1/12 to 12/31/15, 73 patients had 18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation performed within 1 week of breast MRI and no suspicious findings in the contralateral breast. MRI was performed on a 1.5T or 3.0T system. The imaging sequence included a triplane localizing sequence followed by sagittal fat-suppressed T2 -weighted sequence, and a bilateral sagittal T1 -weighted fat-suppressed fast spoiled gradient-echo sequence, which was performed before and three times after a rapid bolus injection (gadobenate dimeglumine, Multihance; Bracco Imaging; 0.1 mmol/kg) delivered through an IV catheter. The unaffected contralateral breast in these 73 patients underwent BPE and BPU assessments. For PET/CT BPU calculation, a 3D region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the glandular breast tissue and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax ) was determined. Qualitative MRI BPE assessments were performed on a 4-point scale, in accordance with BI-RADS categories. Additional 3D quantitative MRI BPE analysis was performed using a previously published in-house technique. Spearman's correlation test and linear regression analysis was performed (SPSS, v. 24). RESULT The median time interval between breast MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT evaluation was 3 days (range, 0-6 days). BPU SUVmax mean value was 1.6 (SD, 0.53). Minimum and maximum BPU SUVmax values were 0.71 and 4.0. The BPU SUVmax values significantly correlated with both the qualitative and quantitative measurements of BPE, respectively (r(71) = 0.59, P < 0.001 and r(71) = 0.54, P < 0.001). Qualitatively assessed high BPE group (BI-RADS 3/4) had significantly higher BPU SUVmax of 1.9 (SD = 0.44) compared to low BPE group (BI-RADS 1/2) with an average BPU SUVmax of 1.17 (SD = 0.32) (P < 0.001). On linear regression analysis, BPU SUVmax significantly predicted qualitative and quantitative measurements of BPE (β = 1.29, t(71) = 3.88, P < 0.001 and β = 19.52, t(71) = 3.88, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION There is a significant association between breast BPU and BPE, measured both qualitatively and quantitatively. Increased breast cancer risk in patients with high MRI BPE could be due to elevated basal metabolic activity of the normal breast tissue, which may provide a susceptible environment for tumor growth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:753-759.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eralda Mema
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Victoria L Mango
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaotao Guo
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenika Karcich
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Randy Yeh
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ralph T Wynn
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Binsheng Zhao
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard S Ha
- Columba University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, New York, USA
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A New Septum in the Female Breast. Arch Plast Surg 2017; 44:101-108. [PMID: 28352598 PMCID: PMC5366516 DOI: 10.5999/aps.2017.44.2.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the female breast fascial system is of paramount importance in breast surgery. Little was written about breast ligaments. Most articles refer to Cooper's work without further anatomical studies. Lately, a horizontal septum has been described conveying nerves and vessels to the nipple areola complex. METHODS During the surgical dissection of the lower part of the breast, in supero-medial technique for breast reduction operations, a fascial septum between the lower two quadrants was detected. This fibrous septum was studied through anatomic dissection of breast tissues during routine breast reshaping procedures that was done on 30 female patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively in all cases and correlated with the intraoperative findings. In the other five cases, outside the clinical study, the imaging was done during routine investigation for breast swellings. RESULTS A vertical septum was identified in the lower part of the breast, lying at the breast meridian between the two lower quadrants. It is a tough bi-laminated structure that extends from the middle of the infra-mammary crease caudally to nipple-areola complex cranially and from the pectoral fascia posteriorly to the overlying skin anteriorly. This was proved by MRI findings. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a new inferior vertical septum which separates the lower half of the breast into two definite anatomical compartments: medial and lateral.
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Pujara AC, Mikheev A, Rusinek H, Rallapalli H, Walczyk J, Gao Y, Chhor C, Pysarenko K, Babb JS, Melsaether AN. Clinical applicability and relevance of fibroglandular tissue segmentation on routine T1 weighted breast MRI. Clin Imaging 2017; 42:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bignotti B, Signori A, Valdora F, Rossi F, Calabrese M, Durando M, Mariscotto G, Tagliafico A. Evaluation of background parenchymal enhancement on breast MRI: a systematic review. Br J Radiol 2016; 90:20160542. [PMID: 27925480 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review of the methods used for background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) evaluation on breast MRI. METHODS Studies dealing with BPE assessment on breast MRI were retrieved from major medical libraries independently by four reviewers up to 6 October 2015. The keywords used for database searching are "background parenchymal enhancement", "parenchymal enhancement", "MRI" and "breast". The studies were included if qualitative and/or quantitative methods for BPE assessment were described. RESULTS Of the 420 studies identified, a total of 52 articles were included in the systematic review. 28 studies performed only a qualitative assessment of BPE, 13 studies performed only a quantitative assessment and 11 studies performed both qualitative and quantitative assessments. A wide heterogeneity was found in the MRI sequences and in the quantitative methods used for BPE assessment. CONCLUSION A wide variability exists in the quantitative evaluation of BPE on breast MRI. More studies focused on a reliable and comparable method for quantitative BPE assessment are needed. Advances in knowledge: More studies focused on a quantitative BPE assessment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bignotti
- 2 Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Statistics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- 3 Department of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Federica Rossi
- 1 Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Calabrese
- 5 IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Manuela Durando
- 6 Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Breast Imaging Service, Division of Radiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mariscotto
- 6 Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza of Turin, Breast Imaging Service, Division of Radiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alberto Tagliafico
- 3 Department of Experimental Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,5 IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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Retrospective and comparative analysis of (99m)Tc-Sestamibi breast specific gamma imaging versus mammography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of breast cancer in Chinese women. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:450. [PMID: 27401536 PMCID: PMC4940883 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2537-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosing breast cancer during the early stage may be helpful for decreasing cancer-related mortality. In Western developed countries, mammographies have been the gold standard for breast cancer detection. However, Chinese women usually have denser and smaller-sized breasts compared to Caucasian women, which decreases the diagnostic accuracy of mammography. However, breast specific gamma imaging, a type of molecular functional breast imaging, has been used for the accurate diagnosis of breast cancer and is not influenced by breast density. Our objective was to analyze the breast specific gamma imaging (BSGI) diagnostic value for Chinese women. Methods During a 2-year period, 357 women were diagnosed and treated at our oncology department and received BSGI in addition to mammography (MMG), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnostic assessment. We investigated the sensitivity and specificity of each method of detection and compared the biological profiles of the four imaging methods. Results A total of 357 women received a final surgical pathology diagnosis, with 168 malignant diseases (58.5 %) and 119 benign diseases (41.5 %). Of these, 166 underwent the four imaging tests preoperatively. The sensitivity of BSGI was 80.35 and 82.14 % by US, 75.6 % by MMG, and 94.06 % by MRI. Furthermore, the breast cancer diagnosis specificity of BSGI was high (83.19 % vs. 77.31 % vs. 66.39 % vs. 67.69 %, respectively). The BSGI diagnostic sensitivity for mammographic breast density in women was superior to mammography and more sensitive for non-luminal A subtypes (luminal A vs. non-luminal A, 68.63 % vs. 88.30 %). Conclusions BSGI may help improve the ability to diagnose early stage breast cancer for Chinese women, particularly for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), mammographic breast density and non-luminal A breast cancer.
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Brown JC, Kontos D, Schnall MD, Wu S, Schmitz KH. The Dose-Response Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Breast Tissue among Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:581-8. [PMID: 27099272 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Observational data indicate that behaviors that shift energetic homeostasis, such as exercise, may decrease the risk of developing breast cancer by reducing the amount of energy-dense, metabolically active adipose tissue. Between December 2008 and April 2013, we conducted a single-blind, 5-month, clinical trial that randomized premenopausal women at high risk of developing breast cancer to one of three groups: 150 min/wk of aerobic exercise (low dose), 300 min/wk of aerobic exercise (high dose), or control. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) was quantified using computerized algorithms on breast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Over 5 months, compared with the control group: the low-dose and high-dose groups lost -1.5 ± 0.5 and -1.3 ± 0.5 kg of body mass (linear Ptrend = 0.032); -1.5 ± 0.4 and -1.4 ± 0.3 kg of fat mass (linear Ptrend = 0.003); -1.3 ± 0.3 and -1.4 ± 0.3% of body fat (linear Ptrend < 0.001); -15.9 ± 5.4 and -26.6 ± 5.0 cm(2) of subcutaneous adipose tissue (linear Ptrend < 0.001); and -6.6 ± 1.9 and -5.0 ± 1.9 cm(2) visceral adipose tissue (nonlinear Ptrend = 0.037). For each -1 cm(2) reduction in visceral adipose tissue, BPE decreased by -3.43 ± 1.34 cm(2) (P = 0.010) and explained 9.7% of the variability in BPE. Changes in other aforementioned body composition outcomes did not significantly correlate with changes in BPE. These mechanistic data support observational evidence that shifting energetic homeostasis through exercise may alter the risk of developing breast cancer. Additional adequately powered studies are needed to confirm and expand upon our findings that changes in body composition are associated with changes in BPE. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 581-8. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shandong Wu
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chau A, Hua J, Taylor D. Analysing breast tissue composition with MRI using currently available short, simple sequences. Clin Radiol 2016; 71:287-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Incorporating Biomarkers in Studies of Chemoprevention. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 882:69-94. [PMID: 26987531 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22909-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite Food and Drug Administration approval of tamoxifen and raloxifene for breast cancer risk reduction and endorsement by multiple agencies, uptake of these drugs for primary prevention in the United States is only 4% for risk eligible women likely to benefit from their use. Side effects coupled with incomplete efficacy and lack of a survival advantage are the likely reasons. This disappointing uptake, after the considerable effort and expense of large Phase III cancer incidence trials required for approval, suggests that a new paradigm is required. Current prevention research is focused on (1) refining risk prediction, (2) exploring behavioral and natural product interventions, and (3) utilizing novel translational trial designs for efficacy. Risk biomarkers will play a central role in refining risk estimates from traditional models and selecting cohorts for prevention trials. Modifiable risk markers called surrogate endpoint or response biomarkers will continue to be used in Phase I and II prevention trials to determine optimal dose or exposure and likely effectiveness from an intervention. The majority of Phase II trials will continue to assess benign breast tissue for response and mechanism of action biomarkers. Co-trials are those in which human and animal cohorts receive the same effective dose and the same tissue biomarkers are assessed for modulation due to the intervention, but then additional animals are allowed to progress to cancer development. These collaborations linking biomarker modulation and cancer prevention may obviate the need for cancer incidence trials for non-prescription interventions.
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Schmitz KH, Williams NI, Kontos D, Domchek S, Morales KH, Hwang WT, Grant LL, DiGiovanni L, Salvatore D, Fenderson D, Schnall M, Galantino ML, Stopfer J, Kurzer MS, Wu S, Adelman J, Brown JC, Good J. Dose-response effects of aerobic exercise on estrogen among women at high risk for breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 154:309-18. [PMID: 26510851 PMCID: PMC6196733 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3604-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Medical and surgical interventions for elevated breast cancer risk (e.g., BRCA1/2 mutation, family history) focus on reducing estrogen exposure. Women at elevated risk may be interested in less aggressive approaches to risk reduction. For example, exercise might reduce estrogen, yet has fewer serious side effects and less negative impact than surgery or hormonal medications. Randomized controlled trial. Increased risk defined by risk prediction models or BRCA mutation status. Eligibility: Age 18-50, eumenorrheic, non-smokers, and body mass index (BMI) between 21 and 50 kg/m(2). 139 were randomized. Treadmill exercise: 150 or 300 min/week, five menstrual cycles. Control group maintained exercise <75 min/week. PRIMARY OUTCOME Area under curve (AUC) for urinary estrogen. Secondary measures: urinary progesterone, quantitative digitized breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging background parenchymal enhancement. Mean age 34 years, mean BMI 26.8 kg/m(2). A linear dose-response relationship was observed such that every 100 min of exercise is associated with 3.6 % lower follicular phase estrogen AUC (linear trend test, p = 0.03). No changes in luteal phase estrogen or progesterone levels. There was also a dose-response effect noted: for every 100 min of exercise, there was a 9.7 % decrease in background parenchymal enhancement as measured by imaging (linear trend test, p = 0.009). Linear dose-response effect observed to reduce follicular phase estrogen exposure measured via urine and hormone sensitive breast tissue as measured by imaging. Future research should explore maintenance of effects and extent to which findings are repeatable in lower risk women. Given the high benefit to risk ratio, clinicians can inform young women at increased risk that exercise may blunt estrogen exposure while considering whether to try other preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Schmitz
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA.
| | - Nancy I Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, USA
| | - Despina Kontos
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Susan Domchek
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Knashawn H Morales
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Lorita L Grant
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Laura DiGiovanni
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Domenick Salvatore
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Desire' Fenderson
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Mitchell Schnall
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Mary Lou Galantino
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Jill Stopfer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Shandong Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jessica Adelman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Justin C Brown
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
| | - Jerene Good
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 8th Floor Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Dr., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6021, USA
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Sandhu R, Chollet-Hinton L, Kirk EL, Midkiff B, Troester MA. Digital histologic analysis reveals morphometric patterns of age-related involution in breast epithelium and stroma. Hum Pathol 2015; 48:60-8. [PMID: 26772400 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Complete age-related regression of mammary epithelium, often termed postmenopausal involution, is associated with decreased breast cancer risk. However, most studies have qualitatively assessed involution. We quantitatively analyzed epithelium, stroma, and adipose tissue from histologically normal breast tissue of 454 patients in the Normal Breast Study. High-resolution digital images of normal breast hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were partitioned into epithelium, adipose tissue, and nonfatty stroma. Percentage area and nuclei per unit area (nuclear density) were calculated for each component. Quantitative data were evaluated in association with age using linear regression and cubic spline models. Stromal area decreased (P = 0.0002), and adipose tissue area increased (P < 0.0001), with an approximate 0.7% change in area for each component, until age 55 years when these area measures reached a steady state. Although epithelial area did not show linear changes with age, epithelial nuclear density decreased linearly beginning in the third decade of life. No significant age-related trends were observed for stromal or adipose nuclear density. Digital image analysis offers a high-throughput method for quantitatively measuring tissue morphometry and for objectively assessing age-related changes in adipose tissue, stroma, and epithelium. Epithelial nuclear density is a quantitative measure of age-related breast involution that begins to decline in the early premenopausal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupninder Sandhu
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Lynn Chollet-Hinton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Erin L Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Bentley Midkiff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Melissa A Troester
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599.
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Tagliafico A, Bignotti B, Tagliafico G, Tosto S, Signori A, Calabrese M. Quantitative evaluation of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on breast MRI. A feasibility study with a semi-automatic and automatic software compared to observer-based scores. Br J Radiol 2015; 88:20150417. [PMID: 26462852 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate quantitative measurements of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) on breast MRI and compare them with observer-based scores. METHODS BPE of 48 patients (mean age: 48 years; age range: 36-66 years) referred to 3.0-T breast MRI between 2012 and 2014 was evaluated independently and blindly to each other by two radiologists. BPE was estimated qualitatively with the standard Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) scale and quantitatively with a semi-automatic and an automatic software interface. To assess intrareader agreement, MRIs were re-read after a 4-month interval by the same two readers. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and the Bland-Altman method were used to compare the methods used to estimate BPE. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The mean value of BPE with the semi-automatic software evaluated by each reader was 14% (range: 2-79%) for Reader 1 and 16% (range: 1-61%) for Reader 2 (p > 0.05). Mean values of BPE percentages for the automatic software were 17.5 ± 13.1 (p > 0.05 vs semi-automatic). The automatic software was unable to produce BPE values for 2 of 48 (4%) patients. With BI-RADS, interreader and intrareader values were κ = 0.70 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.91] and κ = 0.69 (95% CI 0.46-0.93), respectively. With semi-automated software, interreader and intrareader values were κ = 0.81 (95% CI 0.59-0.99) and κ = 0.85 (95% CI 0.43-0.99), respectively. BI-RADS scores correlated with the automatic (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) and semi-automatic scores (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). Automatic scores correlated with the semi-automatic scores (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). The mean percentage difference between automatic and semi-automatic scores was 3.5% (95% CI 1.5-5.2). CONCLUSION BPE quantitative evaluation is feasible with both semi-automatic and automatic software and correlates with radiologists' estimation. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Computerized BPE quantitative evaluation is feasible with both semi-automatic and automatic software. Computerized BPE quantitative scores correlate with radiologists' estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tagliafico
- 1 Institute of Anatomy, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Bianca Bignotti
- 2 Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Simona Tosto
- 4 Department of Diagnostic Senology, Ist Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Alessio Signori
- 2 Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Massimo Calabrese
- 4 Department of Diagnostic Senology, Ist Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino, Genova, Italy
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Khodr ZG, Sak MA, Pfeiffer RM, Duric N, Littrup P, Bey-Knight L, Ali H, Vallieres P, Sherman ME, Gierach GL. Determinants of the reliability of ultrasound tomography sound speed estimates as a surrogate for volumetric breast density. Med Phys 2015; 42:5671-8. [PMID: 26429241 PMCID: PMC4567583 DOI: 10.1118/1.4929985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High breast density, as measured by mammography, is associated with increased breast cancer risk, but standard methods of assessment have limitations including 2D representation of breast tissue, distortion due to breast compression, and use of ionizing radiation. Ultrasound tomography (UST) is a novel imaging method that averts these limitations and uses sound speed measures rather than x-ray imaging to estimate breast density. The authors evaluated the reproducibility of measures of speed of sound and changes in this parameter using UST. METHODS One experienced and five newly trained raters measured sound speed in serial UST scans for 22 women (two scans per person) to assess inter-rater reliability. Intrarater reliability was assessed for four raters. A random effects model was used to calculate the percent variation in sound speed and change in sound speed attributable to subject, scan, rater, and repeat reads. The authors estimated the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for these measures based on data from the authors' experienced rater. RESULTS Median (range) time between baseline and follow-up UST scans was five (1-13) months. Contributions of factors to sound speed variance were differences between subjects (86.0%), baseline versus follow-up scans (7.5%), inter-rater evaluations (1.1%), and intrarater reproducibility (∼0%). When evaluating change in sound speed between scans, 2.7% and ∼0% of variation were attributed to inter- and intrarater variation, respectively. For the experienced rater's repeat reads, agreement for sound speed was excellent (ICC = 93.4%) and for change in sound speed substantial (ICC = 70.4%), indicating very good reproducibility of these measures. CONCLUSIONS UST provided highly reproducible sound speed measurements, which reflect breast density, suggesting that UST has utility in sensitively assessing change in density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina G Khodr
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9774, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Mark A Sak
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Ruth M Pfeiffer
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9774, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nebojsa Duric
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201 and Delphinus Medical Technologies, 46701 Commerce Center Drive, Plymouth, Michigan 48170
| | - Peter Littrup
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201 and Delphinus Medical Technologies, 46701 Commerce Center Drive, Plymouth, Michigan 48170
| | - Lisa Bey-Knight
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Haythem Ali
- Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Patricia Vallieres
- Henry Ford Health System, 2799 W Grand Boulevard, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Department of Health and Human Services, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9774, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gretchen L Gierach
- Department of Health and Human Services, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive MSC 9774, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Taroni P, Quarto G, Pifferi A, Abbate F, Balestreri N, Menna S, Cassano E, Cubeddu R. Breast tissue composition and its dependence on demographic risk factors for breast cancer: non-invasive assessment by time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128941. [PMID: 26029912 PMCID: PMC4452361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tissue composition is recognized as a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer. It is a heritable feature, but is also significantly affected by several other elements (e.g., age, menopause). Nowadays it is quantified by mammographic density, thus requiring the use of ionizing radiation. Optical techniques are absolutely non-invasive and have already proved effective in the investigation of biological tissues, as they are sensitive to tissue composition and structure. METHODS Time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy was performed at 7 wavelengths (635-1060 nm) on 200 subjects to derive their breast tissue composition (in terms of water, lipid and collagen content), blood parameters (total hemoglobin content and oxygen saturation level), and information on the microscopic structure (scattering amplitude and power). The dependence of all optically-derived parameters on age, menopausal status, body mass index, and use of oral contraceptives, and the correlation with mammographic density were investigated. RESULTS Younger age, premenopausal status, lower body mass index values, and use of oral contraceptives all correspond to significantly higher water, collagen and total hemoglobin content, and lower lipid content (always p < 0.05 and often p < 10-4), while oxygen saturation level and scattering parameters show significant dependence only on some conditions. Even when age-adjusted groups of subjects are compared, several optically derived parameters (and in particular always collagen and total hemoglobin content) remain significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Time domain diffuse optical spectroscopy can probe non-invasively breast tissue composition and physiologic blood parameters, and provide information on tissue structure. The measurement is suitable for in vivo studies and monitoring of changes in breast tissue (e.g., with age, lifestyle, chemotherapy, etc.) and to gain insight into related processes, like the origin of cancer risk associated with breast density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Taroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanna Quarto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Abbate
- European Institute of Oncology, Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Balestreri
- European Institute of Oncology, Department of Radiology, Milano, Italy
| | - Simona Menna
- European Institute of Oncology, Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cassano
- European Institute of Oncology, Breast Imaging Unit, Milano, Italy
| | - Rinaldo Cubeddu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
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Baskin B. Invited commentary for "preoperative magnetic resonance imaging-based breast volumetry for immediate breast reconstruction". Aesthetic Plast Surg 2015; 39:377-8. [PMID: 25917064 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baskin
- Murray Hill Radiology, 650 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA,
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Kim JY, Kim SH, Kim YJ, Kang BJ, An YY, Lee AW, Song BJ, Park YS, Lee HB. Enhancement parameters on dynamic contrast enhanced breast MRI: do they correlate with prognostic factors and subtypes of breast cancers? Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mason C, Yokubaitis K, Howard E, Shah Z, Wang J. Impact of Henda's law on the utilization of screening breast magnetic resonance imaging. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2015; 28:7-9. [PMID: 25552785 DOI: 10.1080/08998280.2015.11929171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Female breast tissue is composed of variable proportions of fat and fibroglandular tissue, and in general, an increased ratio of fibroglandular tissue to fat corresponds to increased mammographic density. Studies suggest that mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, and the sensitivity of mammography can be lower with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts. Nineteen states have legal statutes requiring that patients be notified if they have dense breasts, including the state of Texas. Henda's law, mandated on January 1, 2012 in Texas, suggests that patients with dense breasts could benefit from additional screening tests such as breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our study examined the impact of Henda's law by comparing the number of screening breast MRIs performed for dense breasts before and after the law's implementation. Results showed a 23-fold increase in the number of dense breast MRIs in the 2 years that this new legislation was in effect. This increase could have substantial implications for the health care economy, and further studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this additional screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callan Mason
- Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas
| | | | - Evan Howard
- Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas
| | - Zeeshan Shah
- Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas
| | - Jean Wang
- Department of Radiology, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas
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Lam CRI, Wong HK, Nai S, Chua CK, Tan NS, Tan LP. A 3D Biomimetic Model of Tissue Stiffness Interface for Cancer Drug Testing. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2016-21. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500059q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ren Ivan Lam
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Hui Kian Wong
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Spencer Nai
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Chee Kai Chua
- School
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang
Drive, Singapore 637551
- Institute
of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Block N4.1, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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Paradiso A. Biomarkers and clinical interventions. Ann Oncol 2013; 24 Suppl 8:viii36. [PMID: 24131967 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdt314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Paradiso
- National Cancer Research Centre Istituto Tumori 'G Paolo II', Bari (I), Italy
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