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Chen HY, Li XN, Yang L, Ye CX, Chen ZL, Wang ZJ. CircVMP1 promotes glycolysis and disease progression by upregulating HKDC1 in colorectal cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:1617-1630. [PMID: 38009649 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in cancers. Here, we characterized circVMP1 (hsa_circ_0006508), an important circRNA which promoted glycolysis and disease progression in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism by which circVMP1 regulated tumor glycolysis and its related pathways in promoting CRC cell proliferation and metastasis. METHODS The expression level of circVMP1 in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was detected using quantitative PCR. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were used to evaluate the effects of circVMP1 in the regulation of CRC cell proliferation and migration. Mitochondrial stress tests and glycolysis stress tests were conducted to detect the effect of circVMP1 on oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays were used to evaluate the interaction between circVMP1, miR-3167, and HKDC1. RESULTS We demonstrated that the level of circVMP1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues compared with normal tissues. In HCT116 and SW480 cells, overexpression of circVMP1 promoted proliferation, metastasis, and glycolysis. In vivo analysis indicated that circVMP1 accelerated the proliferation of xenograft tumors. As for the mechanism, overexpression of circVMP1 increased the levels of hexokinase domain component 1 (HKDC1) through competitive binding with miR-3167. CONCLUSION Our study reported that circVMP1 was one of the tumor driver genes that promoted CRC malignant progression and glycolysis by upregulating HKDC1. CircVMP1/miR-3167/HKDC1 was a signaling axis that might be a target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Nan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Xiang Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Lei Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Jun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Song D, Wang X, Ma Y, Liu NN, Wang H. Beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1111872. [PMID: 36969804 PMCID: PMC10036377 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening cancer types with limited therapeutic options worldwide. Gut microbiota has been recognized as the pivotal determinant in maintaining gastrointestinal (GI) tract homeostasis, while dysbiosis of gut microbiota contributes to CRC development. Recently, the beneficial role of postbiotics, a new concept in describing microorganism derived substances, in CRC has been uncovered by various studies. However, a comprehensive characterization of the molecular identity, mechanism of action, or routes of administration of postbiotics, particularly their role in CRC, is still lacking. In this review, we outline the current state of research toward the beneficial effects of gut microbiota derived postbiotics against CRC, which will represent the key elements of future precision-medicine approaches in the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to improve treatment outcomes in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Miebach L, Mohamed H, Wende K, Miller V, Bekeschus S. Pancreatic Cancer Cells Undergo Immunogenic Cell Death upon Exposure to Gas Plasma-Oxidized Ringers Lactate. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15010319. [PMID: 36612315 PMCID: PMC9818580 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival rates among patients with pancreatic cancer, the most lethal gastrointestinal cancer, have not improved compared to other malignancies. Early tumor dissemination and a supportive, cancer-promoting tumor microenvironment (TME) limit therapeutic options and consequently impede tumor remission, outlining an acute need for effective treatments. Gas plasma-oxidized liquid treatment showed promising preclinical results in other gastrointestinal and gynecological tumors by targeting the tumor redox state. Here, carrier solutions are enriched with reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species that can cause oxidative distress in tumor cells, leading to a broad range of anti-tumor effects. Unfortunately, clinical relevance is often limited, as many studies have forgone the use of medical-grade solutions. This study investigated the efficacy of gas plasma-oxidized Ringer's lactate (oxRilac), a physiological solution often used in clinical practice, on two pancreatic cancer cell lines to induce tumor toxicity and provoke immunogenicity. Tumor toxicity of the oxRilac solutions was further confirmed in three-dimensional tumor spheroids monitored over 72 h and in ovo using stereomicroscope imaging of excised GFP-expressing tumors. We demonstrated that cell death signaling was induced in a dose-dependent fashion in both cell lines and was paralleled by the increased surface expression of key markers of immunogenic cell death (ICD). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis suggested putative reaction pathways that may cause the non-ROS related effects. In summary, our study suggests gas plasma-deposited ROS in clinically relevant liquids as an additive option for treating pancreatic cancers via immune-stimulating and cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Miebach
- Department of General, Thoraxic, Vascular, and Visceral Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hager Mohamed
- Emergex Vaccines Holding Limited, Doylestown, PA 18902, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vandana Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Xia Y, Yu C, Johann Helwig E, Li Y. The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Colorectal Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231185008. [PMID: 37418639 PMCID: PMC10331217 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231185008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of spherical vesicles that are produced by active secretion of cells and encapsulated by phospholipid bilayers. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that EVs play pivotal roles in the regulation of intercellular communication between colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and target cells, and can regulate the proliferation, metastasis, and infiltration of tumor cells by regulating the microenvironment of tumor cells. EVs carry specific molecular substances in source CRC cells and are expected to serve as new molecular markers for the detection of cancers. This review highlights the current state of research and progress of potentially incorporating EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ernest Johann Helwig
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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5
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Teng D, Xia S, Hu S, Yan Y, Liu B, Yang Y, Du X. miR-887-3p Inhibits the Progression of Colorectal Cancer via Downregulating DNMT1 Expression and Regulating P53 Expression. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:7179733. [PMID: 35795731 PMCID: PMC9252659 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7179733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Many researchers have reported that abnormal microRNAs (miRs) were expressed in CRC and participated in the occurrence and progression of CRC. However, there are few reports of miR-887-3p regulating CRC development. In the current study, we investigated the abnormal expression of miR-887-3p and also demonstrated its regulatory role and detailed molecular mechanism in CRC. Initially, miRNA expression data were obtained from TCGA-COAD that consisted of 453 CRC samples and 8 normal tissue samples. These were downloaded and analyzed to compare the expression level of miR-887-3p in CRC tissues to that in normal tissues. Moreover, 32 pairs of surgically resected CRC tumors and para-cancer tissues from our hospital were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect miR-887-3p expression levels in CRC tissues, para-cancer tissues, several CRC cell lines, and an intestinal epithelial cell line. Following miR-887-3p mimic transfection in colon cancer SW480 cell line, the regulatory roles of miR-887-3p on cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected through CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and Western blot. After potential targeting protein was predicted by bioinformatic websites, the luciferase reporter assay and Western blot were used to confirm the target of miR-887-3p. The targeting protein expressions were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The relationship between miR-887-3p level and the effect of miR-887-3p on P53 expression was evaluated by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The effects of miR-887-3p on CRC cell growth in vivo by xenograft tumor experiments were investigated, and Ki-67 in tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results. The COAD data demonstrated that the expression levels of miR-887-3p in CRC clinical sample tissues and cell line cultures were remarkably lower than para-cancer normal tissues and NCM460 cells (normal colonic epithelial cell line). Functional experiments demonstrated that overexpression of miR-887-3p in SW480 cells significantly reduced proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Additionally, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that DNMT1 was a downstream target of miR-887-3p. Moreover, the blocking of DNMT1 by miR-887-3p mimics also promoted P53 expression. Finally, overexpression of DNMT1 in SW480 cells could partially reverse the regulatory effect of miR-887-3p mimics on CRC cell development. From in vivo experiments, overexpression of miR-887-3p could inhibit tumor growth in CRC xenograft mice and reduce the Ki-67 level. Conclusion. The microRNA miR-887-3p is a potential biomarker of CRC. It inhibited CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and EMT, and promoted cell apoptosis through targeting and downregulating DNMT1 and promoting P53 expression. Therefore, miR-887-3p may be a good biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shaoyou Xia
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shidong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Boyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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6
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Zhang L, Huang Z, Cai Q, Zhao C, Xiao Y, Quan X, Tang C, Gao J. Inhibition of Transketolase Improves the Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:837143. [PMID: 35280908 PMCID: PMC8905541 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.837143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a heavy health burden worldwide. Transketolase (TKT) is a crucial enzyme in the non-oxidative phase of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP), and is up-regulated in multiple cancer types. However, the role of TKT in the prognosis of CRC remains unclear. We aimed to explore whether TKT expression is altered in CRC, how TKT is associated with the prognosis of CRC, and whether the regulation of TKT might have an impact on CRC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using bioinformatics analysis. TKT expression was examined in the human colon adenocarcinoma tissue microarray and xenografts. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis assays in vitro were applied to evaluate the protumoral effects of TKT on CRC. TKT was found to be a risk factor for the poor prognosis of CRC by bioinformatics analysis among the DEGs. TKT was significantly up-regulated in colon adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal colon tissues in patients. Moreover, similar results were found in HCT116 and RKO human colon adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice. TKT expression was positively associated with advanced TNM stage, positive lymph nodes, and poor 5 or 10-year overall survival of CRC patients. In vitro, inhibition of TKT reduced cell viability, proliferation, and migration, and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, inhibition of TKT decreased the protein levels of NICD and Hes1. In conclusion, high TKT expression was associated with the poor prognosis of CRC patients. The protumoral effects of downregulating TKT may be realized by suppressing the Notch signaling pathway. TKT may be a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Zhang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyu Cai
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Quan
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Lab of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Gaggianesi M, Mangiapane LR, Modica C, Pantina VD, Porcelli G, Di Franco S, Lo Iacono M, D’Accardo C, Verona F, Pillitteri I, Turdo A, Veschi V, Brancato OR, Muratore G, Pistone G, Bongiorno MR, Todaro M, De Maria R, Stassi G. Dual Inhibition of Myc Transcription and PI3K Activity Effectively Targets Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030673. [PMID: 35158939 PMCID: PMC8833549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Compelling evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for high resistance to conventional anti-cancer therapies. Here, we demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment protects CR-CSCs from EGFR/HER2, BRAF and PI3K targeting, promoting CD44v6 and Myc expression. Alternatively, as a substitution for HER2 and BRAF, the Myc transcription inhibitor can overcome the protective effects of microenvironmental cytokines, impairing the survival of CR-CSCs. These data highlight the targeting of Myc and PI3K activity as a novel therapeutic strategy against advanced colorectal cancer. Abstract Despite advances in the curative approach, the survival rate of advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is still poor, which is likely due to the emergence of cancer cell clones resistant to the available therapeutic options. We have already shown that CD44v6-positive CRC stem cells (CR-CSCs) are refractory toward standard anti-tumor therapeutic agents due to the activation of the PI3K pathway together with high HER2 expression levels. Tumor microenvironmental cytokines confer resistance to CR-CSCs against HER2/PI3K targeting by enhancing activation of the MAPK pathway. Here, we show that the CSC compartment, spared by BRAF inhibitor-based targeted therapy, is associated with increased expression levels of CD44v6 and Myc and retains boosted clonogenic activity along with residual tumorigenic potential. Inhibition of Myc transcription, downstream of the MAPK cascade components, and PI3K pathway activity was able to overcome the protective effects of microenvironmental cytokines, affecting the survival and the clonogenic activity of CR-CSCs, regardless of their mutational background. Likewise, the double targeting induced stabilization of mouse tumor avatars. Altogether, these data outline the rationale for dual kinase targeting of CR-CSCs to prevent their adaptive response, which would lead to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Irene Pillitteri
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Ornella Roberta Brancato
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giampaolo Muratore
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Pistone
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Rita Bongiorno
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.R.M.); (G.P.); (C.D.); (F.V.); (A.T.); (G.P.); (M.R.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico A Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.D.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (R.D.M.); +39-091-2389-0813 (G.S.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.G.); (C.M.); (V.D.P.); (S.D.F.); (M.L.I.); (I.P.); (V.V.); (O.R.B.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.D.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-06-3015-4914 (R.D.M.); +39-091-2389-0813 (G.S.)
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8
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Procaccio L, Bergamo F, Daniel F, Rasola C, Munari G, Biason P, Crucitta S, Barsotti G, Zanella G, Angerilli V, Magro C, Paccagnella S, Di Antonio V, Loupakis F, Danesi R, Zagonel V, Del Re M, Lonardi S, Fassan M. A Real-World Application of Liquid Biopsy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Poseidon Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205128. [PMID: 34680277 PMCID: PMC8533756 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND First-line decision making is the key to the successful care of mCRC patients and RAS/BRAF status is crucial to select the best targeted agent. In hub centers, a relevant proportion of patients referred from small volume centers may not have standard tissue-based (STB) molecular results available at the time of the first visit (T0). Liquid biopsy (LB) may help circumvent these hurdles. METHODS A monoinstitutional prospective head-to-head comparison of LB versus (vs.) STB testing was performed in a real-world setting. Selection criteria included: mCRC diagnosis with unknown RAS/BRAF status at T0, tumoral tissue archived in external centers, no previous treatment with anti-EGFR. At T0, patients underwent plasma sampling for LB testing and procedure for tissue recovery. RAS/BRAF genotyping was carried out by droplet digital PCR on circulating-tumoral (ct) DNA. The primary endpoint was the comparison of time to LB (T1) vs. STB (T2) results using the Mann-Whitney U test. Secondary endpoints were the concordance between LB and STB defined as overall percent agreement and the accuracy of LB in terms of specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value. We also performed an exploratory analysis on urinary (u) ctDNA. RESULTS A total of 33 mCRC patients were included. Mean T1 and T2 was 7 and 22 days (d), respectively (p < 0.00001). T2 included a mean time for archival tissue recovery of 17 d. The overall percent agreement between LB and STB analysis was 83%. Compared to STB testing, LB specificity and sensitivity were 90% and 80%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 94% and negative one of 69%. In detail, at STB and LB testing, RAS mutation was found in 45% and 42% of patients, respectively; BRAF mutation in 15%. LB results included one false positive and four false negative. False negative cases showed a significantly lower tumor burden at basal CT scan. Concordance between STB and uctDNA testing was 89%. CONCLUSIONS Faster turnaround time, high concordance and accuracy are three key points supporting the adoption of LB in routinary mCRC care, in particular when decision on first-line therapy is urgent and tissue recovery from external centers may require a long time. Results should be interpreted with caution in LB wild-type cases with low tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Procaccio
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Francesca Daniel
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Cosimo Rasola
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Munari
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (G.M.); (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Biason
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (S.C.); (R.D.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Giulia Barsotti
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanella
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Valentina Angerilli
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (G.M.); (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Cristina Magro
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Silvia Paccagnella
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (G.M.); (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
| | - Veronica Di Antonio
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (S.C.); (R.D.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.P.); (F.B.); (F.D.); (C.R.); (P.B.); (G.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.); (V.D.A.); (F.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, 56121 Pisa, Italy; (S.C.); (R.D.); (M.D.R.)
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Oncology Unit 3, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology—IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0498215953
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy; (G.M.); (V.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.)
- Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), 35128 Padova, Italy
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9
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Gao J, Hou D, Hu P, Mao G. Curcumol increases the sensitivity of colon cancer to 5-FU by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:2437-2450. [PMID: 35116559 PMCID: PMC8798486 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance is the leading cause of treatment failure in colon cancer. Combination therapy is an effective strategy to inhibit cancer cells and prevent drug resistance. Therefore, we studied the antitumor effect of curcumol alone or combined with 5-FU on human colon cancer drug-resistant cells. Methods The 5-FU resistant HCT116 cell line (HCT116/5-FU) was established by repeated exposure to gradually increasing concentrations of 5-FU; Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); apoptosis rate of HCT116 cells was detected using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay kit; cell proliferation and invasion were detected using colony formation assays, wound healing assay and transwell invasion assays; activity of transplanted tumor in vivo in specific pathogen free (SPF) BALB/c nude mice (6 weeks old, male) was monitored by bioluminescence imaging, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Results Our study showed the potent antitumor effect of curcumol by induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation, invasion, migration, and improvement of the therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU toward human colon cancer HCT116 cells. From our results, curcumol could chemosensitize 5-FU-resistant HCT116 cells. The combination of curcumol and 5-FU exerted a synergistic inhibitory effect on the induction of apoptosis. Also, this combination inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of both chemo-resistant and sensitive cells. Curcumol treatment decreased multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP-2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), survivin, and β-catenin expression, which correlated with multidrug resistance (MDR) and the target genes of Wnt/β-catenin. It significantly increased the p-β-catenin level and Bad/Bcl-2 ratio in HCT116/5-FU cells compared with 5-FU treatment. In vivo, curcumol significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors and the expression of Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in colon cancer cells. Conclusions Curcumol as a potential chemotherapeutic agent combined with 5-FU can overcome colon cancer resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital to Nantong University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daorong Hou
- Animal Core Facility, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital to Nantong University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoxin Mao
- Department of Chemotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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10
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Lei Y, He L, Yan C, Wang Y, Lv G. PERK activation by CCT020312 chemosensitizes colorectal cancer through inducing apoptosis regulated by ER stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 557:316-322. [PMID: 33894420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a significant mechanism for chemoresistance to colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. The RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is critical for ER stress induction. In the present study, we attempted to explore whether PERK activator CCT020312 (CCT) could be effective for CRC treatment, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. We first found that CCT dose- and time-dependently reduced CRC cell proliferation. Importantly, it markedly improved the chemosensitivity of CRC cells that were drug-sensitive or -resistant to taxol treatment, as evidenced by the significantly decreased cell viability. Moreover, CCT at the non-toxic concentration exhibited obviously synergistic effects with taxol to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in vitro. In addition, we showed that CCT alone considerably induced ER stress in CRC cells through a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Meanwhile, CCT combined with taxol caused significant ER stress through improving phosphorylated PERK, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2ɑ), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). More studies showed that the interaction between PERK and GRP78 was a potential target for CCT to perform its regulatory events. Intriguingly, PERK knockdown markedly abolished the regulatory role of CCT and taxol cotreatments in cell proliferation suppression and apoptosis induction, indicating the importance of PERK for CCT to perform its anti-cancer bioactivity. Our in vivo experiments confirmed that CCT plus taxol dramatically reduced tumor growth in CRC xenografts. Together, all these results suggested that promoting PERK activation by CCT may be an effective therapeutic strategy to improve CRC to taxol treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Lirui He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Chang Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China
| | - Guoqing Lv
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guang Dong Province, 518000, China.
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11
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Ahmad R, Singh JK, Wunnava A, Al-Obeed O, Abdulla M, Srivastava SK. Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:14. [PMID: 33655327 PMCID: PMC7834960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently detected type of cancer, and the second most common cause of cancer‑related mortality globally. The American Cancer Society predicted that approximately 147,950 individuals would be diagnosed with CRC, out of which 53,200 individuals would succumb to the disease in the USA alone in 2020. CRC‑related mortality ranks third among both males and females in the USA. CRC arises from 3 major pathways: i) The adenoma‑carcinoma sequence; ii) serrated pathway; and iii) the inflammatory pathway. The majority of cases of CRC are sporadic and result from risk factors, such as a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, processed diets, alcohol consumption and smoking. CRC is also a common preventable cancer. With widespread CRC screening, the incidence and mortality from CRC have decreased in developed countries. However, over the past few decades, CRC cases and mortality have been on the rise in young adults (age, <50 years). In addition, CRC cases are increasing in developing countries with a low gross domestic product (GDP) due to lifestyle changes. CRC is an etiologically heterogeneous disease classified by tumor location and alterations in global gene expression. Accumulating genetic and epigenetic perturbations and aberrations over time in tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes and DNA mismatch repair genes could be a precursor to the onset of colorectal cancer. CRC can be divided as sporadic, familial, and inherited depending on the origin of the mutation. Germline mutations in APC and MLH1 have been proven to play an etiological role, resulting in the predisposition of individuals to CRC. Genetic alterations cause the dysregulation of signaling pathways leading to drug resistance, the inhibition of apoptosis and the induction of proliferation, invasion and migration, resulting in CRC development and metastasis. Timely detection and effective precision therapies based on the present knowledge of CRC is essential for successful treatment and patient survival. The present review presents the CRC incidence, risk factors, dysregulated signaling pathways and targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaikee Kumar Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Amoolya Wunnava
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303007, India
| | - Omar Al-Obeed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Navarro S, Cuatrecasas M, Hernández-Losa J, Landolfi S, Musulén E, Ramón Y Cajal S, García-Carbonero R, García-Foncillas J, Pérez-Segura P, Salazar R, Vera R, García-Alfonso P. [Update of the recommendations for the determination of biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma. National Consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology]. REVISTA ESPAÑOLA DE PATOLOGÍA : PUBLICACIÓN OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE ANATOMÍA PATOLÓGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA DE CITOLOGÍA 2020; 54:41-54. [PMID: 33455693 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This update of the consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica - SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica - SEAP), reviews the advances in the analysis of biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as susceptibility markers of hereditary CRC and molecular biomarkers of localized CRC. Recently published information on the essential determination of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and the possible benefits of determining the amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the expression of proteins in the DNA repair pathway and the study of NTRK fusions are also evaluated. From a pathological point of view, the importance of analysing the tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters and its prognostic value in CRC is reviewed, as well as the impact of molecular lymph node analysis on lymph node staging in CRC. The incorporation of pan-genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy in the clinical management of patients with CRC is also outlined. All these aspects are developed in this guide which, like the previous one, will be revised when necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Navarro
- Departamento de Patología, Universidad de Valencia, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, España.
| | | | - Javier Hernández-Losa
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, CIBERONC, Barcelona, España
| | - Stefania Landolfi
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, CIBERONC, Barcelona, España
| | - Eva Musulén
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quirónsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallès, España; Grupo de Epigenética del Cáncer, Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, España
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, CIBERONC, Barcelona, España
| | - Rocío García-Carbonero
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, España
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Departamento de Oncología, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Pedro Pérez-Segura
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, CIBERONC, Madrid, España
| | - Ramón Salazar
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, ICO ĹHospitalet, Oncobell Program (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, España
| | - Ruth Vera
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Navarrabiomed, IDISNA, Pamplona, España
| | - Pilar García-Alfonso
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, España
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13
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García-Alfonso P, García-Carbonero R, García-Foncillas J, Pérez-Segura P, Salazar R, Vera R, Ramón Y Cajal S, Hernández-Losa J, Landolfi S, Musulén E, Cuatrecasas M, Navarro S. Update of the recommendations for the determination of biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma: National Consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1976-1991. [PMID: 32418154 PMCID: PMC7505870 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this update of the consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM) and the Spanish Society of Pathology (Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica—SEAP), advances in the analysis of biomarkers in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) as well as susceptibility markers of hereditary CRC and molecular biomarkers of localized CRC are reviewed. Recently published information on the essential determination of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations and the convenience of determining the amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), the expression of proteins in the DNA repair pathway and the study of NTRK fusions are also evaluated. From the pathological point of view, the importance of analysing the tumour budding and poorly differentiated clusters, and its prognostic value in CRC is reviewed, as well as the impact of molecular lymph node analysis on lymph node staging in CRC. The incorporation of pan-genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and liquid biopsy in the clinical management of patients with CRC is also outlined. All these aspects are developed in this guide, which, like the previous one, will remain open to any necessary revision in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García-Alfonso
- Departament of Medical Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R García-Carbonero
- Departament of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), UCM, CNIO, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - J García-Foncillas
- Departament of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Segura
- Departament of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Salazar
- Departament of Medical Oncology, ICO L'Hospitalet, Oncobell Program (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - R Vera
- Departament of Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra; Navarrabiomed, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - S Ramón Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Hernández-Losa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Landolfi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall D'Hebron, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Musulén
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quirónsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.,Cancer Epigenetics Group, Institut de Recerca Contra La Leucèmia Josep Carreras, Badalona, Spain
| | - M Cuatrecasas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clinic, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Navarro
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, CIBERONC, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Long Y, Liu B, Wang X. Role of HSP27 in the multidrug sensitivity and resistance of colon cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2021-2027. [PMID: 32194698 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance in cancer cells is a primary factor affecting therapeutic efficacy. Heat shock 27 kD protein 1 (HSP27) is associated with cell apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying HSP27-associated pathways in colon cancer cells remain unclear. Therefore, the present study used short hairpin (sh) RNA to inhibit HSP27 expression in colon cancer cells in order to investigate the effects in vitro and in vivo. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell apoptosis and a xenograft model was employed to examine the tumorigenesis. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting. The results revealed that suppression of HSP27 expression significantly increased cell apoptosis, inhibited tumor growth and enhanced sensitivity to the anti-cancer agents 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and vincristine (VCR). shHSP27 significantly decreased the expression of notch receptor 1 and the phosphorylation level of Akt and mTOR, and enhanced the effect of 5-FU and VCR. In conclusion, HSP27 suppression enhanced the sensitivity of colon cancer cells to 5-FU and VCR, and increased colon cancer cell apoptosis with and without chemotherapy. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic agents that inhibit the expression of HSP27 may offer a new treatment option for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Information, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Army 958 Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chongqing 400020, P.R. China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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15
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Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:22. [PMID: 32296018 PMCID: PMC7082344 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 771] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Role of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in the Chemoresistance Modulation of Colorectal Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9390878. [PMID: 32258160 PMCID: PMC7109575 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9390878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of CRC patients. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major hurdles in chemotherapy for CRC, and the underlying mechanisms need to be explored. Studies have demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in oncogenesis and tumor development, and its function in inhibiting apoptosis could facilitate tumor chemoresistance. Recent investigations have also suggested the regulatory effects of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in response to chemotherapeutic agents in CRC. Here, we particularly focus on reviewing the evidences suggesting the mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the chemoresistance modulation of colorectal cancer.
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17
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Miele E, Abballe L, Spinelli GP, Besharat ZM, Catanzaro G, Chiacchiarini M, Vacca A, Po A, Capalbo C, Ferretti E. BRAF mutant colorectal cancer: ErbB2 expression levels as predictive factor for the response to combined BRAF/ErbB inhibitors. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:129. [PMID: 32066410 PMCID: PMC7027203 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6586-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease with a complex biology and a wide number of altered genes such as BRAF, KRAS and PIK3CA. Advances with new-targeted therapies have been achieved and available treating options have prolonged patient's survival. However, BRAF-mutated CRC patients remain unresponsive to available therapies with RAF inhibitors (RAFi) alone or combined with ErbB inhibitors (ErbBi). These unmet needs require further exploitation of oncogenic signaling in order to set up individualized treatments. METHODS To this end, we tested the efficacy of single agent or combined treatments using the BRAFi, vemurafenib and two different ErbBi: panitumumab and afatinib in CRC cells characterized by different molecular phenotypes. RESULTS Combination strategies with BRAFi and ErbBi achieved a better response in BRAFV600E mutated cells expressing high levels of ErbB2. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the importance of ErbB2 evaluation in BRAF-mutated CRC patients and its role as a positive predictor factor of response to BRAFi/ErbBi combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Miele
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life NanoScience@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Present address: Department of Onco-Haematology, Cellular and Genetic Therapy of Pediatric Tumors, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Spinelli
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubbica, 04100 Latina, Italy
- UOC, Territorial Oncology District 1 - ASL Latina, Via Giustiniano snc, 04011 Aprilia, LT Italy
| | - Zein Mersini Besharat
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Catanzaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Chiacchiarini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vacca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Agnese Po
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Neuromed Institute, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, IS Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza Università di Roma, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Fanelli GN, Dal Pozzo CA, Depetris I, Schirripa M, Brignola S, Biason P, Balistreri M, Dal Santo L, Lonardi S, Munari G, Loupakis F, Fassan M. The heterogeneous clinical and pathological landscapes of metastatic Braf-mutated colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:30. [PMID: 32015690 PMCID: PMC6990491 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-1117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex and molecularly heterogeneous disease representing one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. About 8–15% of CRCs harbor a mutation in BRAF gene, a proto-oncogene involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and survival through the MAPK signaling cascade. The acquisition of BRAF mutation is an early event in the “serrated” CRC carcinogenetic pathway and is associated with specific and aggressive clinico-pathological and molecular features. Despite that the presence of BRAF mutation is a well-recognized negative prognostic biomarker in metastatic CRC (mCRC), a great heterogeneity in survival outcome characterizes these patients, due to the complex, and still not completely fully elucidated, interactions between the clinical, genetic and epigenetic landscape of BRAF mutations. Because of the great aggressiveness of BRAF-mutated mCRCs, only 60% of patients can receive a second-line chemotherapy; so intensive combined and tailored first-line approach could be a potentially effective strategy, but to minimize the selective pressure of resistant clones and to reduce side effects, a better stratification of patients bearing BRAF mutations is needed. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Dal Pozzo
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Depetris
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Schirripa
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Brignola
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Biason
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariangela Balistreri
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Dal Santo
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giada Munari
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy.,2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- 2Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- 1Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, via Gabelli 61, 35121 Padua, Italy
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Identification of Two Kinase Inhibitors with Synergistic Toxicity with Low-Dose Hydrogen Peroxide in Colorectal Cancer Cells in vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010122. [PMID: 31906582 PMCID: PMC7016670 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is among the most common types of cancers. With this disease, diffuse scattering in the abdominal area (peritoneal carcinosis) often occurs before diagnosis, making surgical removal of the entire malignant tissue impossible due to a large number of tumor nodules. Previous treatment options include radiation and its combination with intraperitoneal heat-induced chemotherapy (HIPEC). Both options have strong side effects and are often poor in therapeutic efficacy. Tumor cells often grow and proliferate dysregulated, with enzymes of the protein kinase family often playing a crucial role. The present study investigated whether a combination of protein kinase inhibitors and low-dose induction of oxidative stress (using hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) has an additive cytotoxic effect on murine, colorectal tumor cells (CT26). Protein kinase inhibitors from a library of 80 substances were used to investigate colorectal cancer cells for their activity, morphology, and immunogenicity (immunogenic cancer cell death, ICD) upon mono or combination. Toxic compounds identified in 2D cultures were confirmed in 3D cultures, and additive cytotoxicity was identified for the substances lavendustin A, GF109203X, and rapamycin. Toxicity was concomitant with cell cycle arrest, but except HMGB1, no increased expression of immunogenic markers was identified with the combination treatment. The results were validated for GF109203X and rapamycin but not lavendustin A in the 3D model of different colorectal (HT29, SW480) and pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaca, Panc01). In conclusion, our in vitro data suggest that combining oxidative stress with chemotherapy would be conceivable to enhance antitumor efficacy in HIPEC.
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Sartore-Bianchi A, Amatu A, Porcu L, Ghezzi S, Lonardi S, Leone F, Bergamo F, Fenocchio E, Martinelli E, Borelli B, Tosi F, Racca P, Valtorta E, Bonoldi E, Martino C, Vaghi C, Marrapese G, Ciardiello F, Zagonel V, Bardelli A, Trusolino L, Torri V, Marsoni S, Siena S. HER2 Positivity Predicts Unresponsiveness to EGFR-Targeted Treatment in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Oncologist 2019; 24:1395-1402. [PMID: 30952821 PMCID: PMC6795149 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HER2 amplification is detected in 3% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), making tumors in the metastatic setting vulnerable to double pharmacological HER2 blockade. Preclinical findings show that it also might impair response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) treatment. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Patients with KRAS exon 2 wild-type metastatic CRC underwent molecular screening of HER2 positivity by HERACLES criteria (immunohistochemistry 3+ or 2+ in ≥50% of cells, confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization). A sample of consecutive HER2-negative patients was selected as control. A regression modeling strategy was applied to identify predictors explaining the bulk of HER2 positivity and the association with response to previous anti-EGFR treatment. RESULTS From August 2012 to April 2018, a total of 100 HER2-positive metastatic CRC tumors were detected out of 1,485 KRAS exon 2 wild-type screened patients (6.7%). HER2-positive patients show more frequently lung metastases (odds ratio [OR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-3.61; p = .014) and higher tumor burden (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.10-2.01; p = .011), and tumors were more likely to be left sided (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.22-1.11; p = .088). HER2-positive patients who received treatment with anti-EGFR agents (n = 79) showed poorer outcome (objective response rate, 31.2% vs. 46.9%, p = .031; progression-free survival, 5.7 months vs. 7 months, p = .087). CONCLUSION Testing for HER2 should be offered to all patients with metastatic CRC because the occurrence of this biomarker is unlikely to be predicted based on main clinicopathological features. Patients with HER2-amplified metastatic CRC are less likely to respond to anti-EGFR therapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Patients with HER2-amplified/overexpressed metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) harbor a driver actionable molecular alteration that has been shown in preclinical models to hamper efficacy of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies. The present study confirmed that this molecular feature was associated with worse objective tumor response and shorter progression-free survival in response to previous anti-EGFR therapies. Moreover, it was found that the occurrence of this biomarker is unlikely to be predicted based on main clinicopathological features. Therefore, HER2 status assessment should be included in the molecular diagnostic workup of all mCRC for speedy referral to clinical trials encompassing HER2-targeted double blockade independently of previous anti-EGFR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Amatu
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Porcu
- Clinical Research Methodology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Bergamo
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Fenocchio
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Beatrice Borelli
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Tosi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Racca
- Colorectal Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emanuele Valtorta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Bonoldi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Cosimo Martino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Caterina Vaghi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrapese
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Unit of Medical Oncology 1, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Livio Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Valter Torri
- Clinical Research Methodology Laboratory, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marsoni
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Vitamin D Deficiency has a Negative Impact on Cetuximab-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity against Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Target Oncol 2019; 13:657-665. [PMID: 30090970 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypovitaminosis D is associated with an adverse prognosis in colon cancer patients, possibly due to the effects of the vitamin on the immune system. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) significantly contributes to the anti-tumor effects of monoclonal antibodies, including cetuximab, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted monoclonal antibody that is frequently added to chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluates the association between vitamin D serum levels and the ability of ex vivo NK cells to support cetuximab-mediated ADCC in colon cancer cell lines. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 124 healthy volunteers and serum vitamin D was determined by RIA. NK cells were isolated from each sample and added to human colorectal carcinoma cells with or without cetuximab, and ADCC was assessed using a colorimetric lactate dehydrogenase assay. RESULTS Correlation analysis indicates a significant, gender- and age-independent association between vitamin D levels and cetuximab-induced ADCC on HT29 cells, where NK cells from samples with vitamin D < 20 ng/mL are significantly less efficient in inducing ADCC. A confirmatory study on two additional colon cancer cell lines yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that vitamin D supplementation in vitamin-deficient/insufficient colorectal cancer patients could improve cetuximab-induced ADCC.
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Freund E, Liedtke KR, Gebbe R, Heidecke AK, Partecke LI, Bekeschus S. In Vitro Anticancer Efficacy of Six Different Clinically Approved Types of Liquids Exposed to Physical Plasma. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2902015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Jia N, Sun Z, Gao X, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Shen C, Chen W, Wang X, Shi R, Li N, Zhou J, Bai C. Serial Monitoring of Circulating Tumor DNA in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to Predict the Therapeutic Response. Front Genet 2019; 10:470. [PMID: 31164904 PMCID: PMC6536571 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early biomarkers of therapeutic responses can help optimize the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). In this prospective exploratory study, we examined serial changes of plasma-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in 41 mCRC patients receiving first-line chemotherapies and tested its association with treatment outcomes according to radiological assessments. Using next-generation sequencing technologies, we profiled somatic mutations in 50 cancer-related genes in ctDNA before each of the first four treatment cycles. We observed mutations in 95.7% of pre-treatment ctDNA samples. Using mutations of the maximal frequency in each pre-treatment plasma ctDNA sample as the candidate targets, we computed log2 fold changes of ctDNA levels between adjacent treatment cycles. We found that ctDNA reductions as early as prior to cycle 2 predicted responses after cycle 4. Log2 fold changes of ctDNA after cycle 1 (ctDNA log2 (C1/C0)) > −0.126 predicted progressive disease, with an accuracy of 94.6%. These patients also showed significantly worse progression-free survival than those with ctDNA log2 (C1/C0) ≤ −0.126 (median 2.0 vs. 9.0 months; P = 0.007). Together, the present exploratory study suggests that early changes in ctDNA levels detected via targeted sequencing are potential biomarkers of future treatment responses in mCRCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejuan Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Shen
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Chen
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Shi
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Freund E, Liedtke KR, van der Linde J, Metelmann HR, Heidecke CD, Partecke LI, Bekeschus S. Physical plasma-treated saline promotes an immunogenic phenotype in CT26 colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:634. [PMID: 30679720 PMCID: PMC6345938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer death. Current options in palliation such as hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) present severe side effects. Recent research efforts suggested the therapeutic use of oxidant-enriched liquid using cold physical plasma. To investigate a clinically accepted treatment regimen, we assessed the antitumor capacity of plasma-treated saline solution. In response to such liquid, CT26 murine colon cancer cells were readily oxidized and showed cell growth with subsequent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and upregulation of immunogenic cell death (ICD) markers in vitro. This was accompanied by marked morphological changes with re-arrangement of actin fibers and reduced motility. Induction of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype was not observed. Key results were confirmed in MC38 colon and PDA6606 pancreatic cancer cells. Compared to plasma-treated saline, hydrogen peroxide was inferiorly toxic in 3D tumor spheroids but of similar efficacy in 2D models. In vivo, plasma-treated saline decreased tumor burden in Balb/C mice. This was concomitant with elevated numbers of intratumoral macrophages and increased T cell activation following incubation with CT26 cells ex vivo. Being a potential adjuvant for HIPEC therapy, our results suggest oxidizing saline solutions to inactivate colon cancer cells while potentially stimulating antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kim Rouven Liedtke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia van der Linde
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Heidecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars-Ivo Partecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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黎 文, 冯 赟, 马 振, 陆 伦. [Expression of miR-454-3p and its effect on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of colon cancer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2018; 38:1421-1426. [PMID: 30613008 PMCID: PMC6744220 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2018.12.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of miR-454-3p in colon cancer and its effect on colon cancer proliferation, invasion and hepatic metastasis. METHODS Specimens of tumor tissues and paired adjacent tissues were collected from 20 patients with colorectal cancer for detecting the expression levels of miR-454-3p using in situ hybridization. Colon cancer cell line SW480 was transfected with a lentiviral vector to induce miR-454-3p over-expression, and the changes in cell proliferation and invasion were observed using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), clone formation assay and Transwell experiment. The effect of miR- 454-3p over-expression on hepatic metastasis of colon cancer was assessed in BALB/c mouse models. RESULTS The results of in situ hybridization showed a significantly increased expression level of miR-454-3p in colon cancer tissues as compared with normal colon tissues (P < 0.05). In SW480 cells, over-expression of miR-454-3p significantly promoted the cell proliferation and invasion (P < 0.05). In BALB/c mice, SW480 cells over-expressing miR-454-3p showed a significantly higher potential for liver metastases than the control cells (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS miR-454-3p is overexpressed in the tumor tissues in patients with colorectal cancer and participates in the progression of colorectal cancer by promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and liver metastasis. miR-454-3p may serve as a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- 文华 黎
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
- 南京医科大学附属无锡第二医院消化科,江苏无锡 214002Department of Gastroenterology, Wuxi Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - 赟 冯
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - 振增 马
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - 伦根 陆
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 201600Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, China
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Clinical update on K-Ras targeted therapy in gastrointestinal cancers. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 130:78-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Cecchin E, De Mattia E, Ecca F, Toffoli G. Host genetic profiling to increase drug safety in colorectal cancer from discovery to implementation. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 39:18-40. [PMID: 30075835 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adverse events affect the pharmacological treatment of approximately 90% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at any stage of the disease. Chemotherapy including fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin is the cornerstone of the pharmacological treatment of CRC. The introduction of novel targeted agents, as anti-EGFR (i.e. cetuximab, panitumumab) and antiangiogenic (i.e. bevacizumab, ziv-aflibercept, regorafenib, and ramucirumab) molecules, into the oncologist's toolbox has led to significant improvements in the life expectancy of advanced CRC patients, but with a substantial increase in toxicity burden. In this respect, pharmacogenomics has largely been applied to the personalization of CRC chemotherapy, focusing mainly on the study of inhered polymorphisms in genes encoding phase I and II enzymes, ATP-binding cassette (ABC)/solute carrier (SLC) membrane transporters, proteins involved in DNA repair, folate pathway and immune response. These research efforts have led to the identification of some validated genetic markers of chemotherapy toxicity, for fluoropyrimidines and irinotecan. No validated genetic determinants of oxaliplatin-specific toxicity, as peripheral neuropathy, has thus far been established. The contribution of host genetic markers in predicting the toxicity associated with novel targeted agents' administration is still controversial due to the heterogeneity of published data. Pharmacogenomics guidelines have been published by some international scientific consortia such as the Clinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) and the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) strongly suggesting a pre-treatment dose adjustment of irinotecan based on UGT1A1*28 genotype and of fluoropyrimidines based on some DPYD genetic variants, to increase treatment safety. However, these recommendations are still poorly applied at the patient's bedside. Several ongoing projects in the U.S. and Europe are currently evaluating how pharmacogenomics can be implemented successfully in daily clinical practice. The majority of drug-related adverse events are still unexplained, and a great deal of ongoing research is aimed at improving knowledge of the role of pharmacogenomics in increasing treatment safety. In this review, the issue of pre-treatment identification of CRC patients at risk of toxicity via the analysis of patients' genetic profiles is addressed. Available pharmacogenomics guidelines with ongoing efforts to implement them in clinical practice and new exploratory markers for clinical validation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecchin
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena De Mattia
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ecca
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - National Cancer Institute, 33081 Aviano, Italy.
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28
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Kim TW, Peeters M, Thomas A, Gibbs P, Hool K, Zhang J, Ang AL, Bach BA, Price T. Impact of Emergent Circulating Tumor DNA RAS Mutation in Panitumumab-Treated Chemoresistant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5602-5609. [PMID: 29898991 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The accumulation of emergent RAS mutations during anti-EGFR therapy is of interest as a mechanism for acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatment. Plasma analysis of circulating tumor (ct) DNA is a minimally invasive and highly sensitive method to determine RAS mutational status.Experimental Design: This biomarker analysis of the global phase III ASPECCT study used next-generation sequencing to detect expanded RAS ctDNA mutations in panitumumab-treated patients. Plasma samples collected at baseline and posttreatment were analyzed categorically for the presence of RAS mutations by the PlasmaSelect-R 64-gene panel at 0.1% sensitivity.Results: Among panitumumab-treated patients with evaluable plasma samples at baseline (n = 238), 188 (79%) were wild-type (WT) RAS, and 50 (21%) were mutant RAS Of the 188 patients with baseline ctDNA WT RAS status, 164 had evaluable posttreatment results with a 32% rate of emergent RAS mutations. The median overall survival for WT and RAS mutant status by ctDNA at baseline was 13.7 (95% confidence interval, 11.5-15.4) and 7.9 months (6.4-9.6), respectively (P < 0.0001). Clinical outcomes were not significantly different between patients with and without emergent ctDNA RAS mutations.Conclusions: Although patients with baseline ctDNA RAS mutations had worse outcomes than patients who were WT RAS before initiating treatment, emergent ctDNA RAS mutations were not associated with less favorable patient outcomes in panitumumab-treated patients. Further research is needed to determine a clinically relevant threshold for baseline and emergent ctDNA RAS mutations. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5602-9. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Won Kim
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea.
| | | | - Anne Thomas
- University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Timothy Price
- Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and University of Adelaide, Woodville, Australia
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29
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Sartore-Bianchi A, Amatu A, Bonazzina E, Stabile S, Giannetta L, Cerea G, Schiavetto I, Bencardino K, Funaioli C, Ricotta R, Cipani T, Schirru M, Gambi V, Palmeri L, Carlo-Stella G, Rusconi F, Di Bella S, Burrafato G, Cassingena A, Valtorta E, Lauricella C, Pazzi F, Gambaro A, Ghezzi S, Marrapese G, Tarenzi E, Veronese S, Truini M, Vanzulli A, Siena S. Pooled Analysis of Clinical Outcome of Patients with Chemorefractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated within Phase I/II Clinical Studies Based on Individual Biomarkers of Susceptibility: A Single-Institution Experience. Target Oncol 2018; 12:525-533. [PMID: 28669023 PMCID: PMC5524857 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-017-0505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) refractory to standard therapies have a poor prognosis. In this setting, recruitment into clinical trials is warranted, and studies driven by selection according to individual tumor molecular characteristics are expected to provide added value. Objective We retrospectively analyzed data from patients with mCRC refractory to or following failure of standard therapies who were enrolled into phase I/II clinical studies at the Niguarda Cancer Center based on the presence of a specific molecular profile expected to represent the target of susceptibility to the experimental drug(s). Patients and Methods From June 2011 to May 2016, 2044 patients with mCRC underwent molecular screening. Eighty patients (3.9%) were enrolled in ad hoc studies; the median age was 60 years (range 36–86) and the median number of previous treatment lines was five (range 2–8). Molecular characteristics exploited within these studies were MGMT promoter hypermethylation (48.7%), HER2 amplification (28.8%), BRAFV600E mutation (20%), and novel gene fusions involving ALK or NTRK (2.5%). Results One patient (1%) had RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) complete response (CR), 13 patients (16.5%) experienced a partial response (PR), and 28 (35%) stable disease (SD). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.8 months (range 2.63–3.83), with 24% of patients displaying PFS >5 months. Median growth modulation index (GMI) was 0.85 (range 0–15.61) and 32.5% of patients had GMI >1.33. KRAS exon 2 mutations were found in 38.5% of patients, and among the 78 patients with known KRAS status, those with wild-type tumors had longer PFS than those with mutated tumors (3.80 [95% CI 2.80–5.03] vs. 2.13 months [95% CI 1.77–2.87], respectively, p = 0.001). Median overall survival (OS) was 7.83 months (range 7.17–9.33) for all patients, and patients with KRAS wild-type tumors had longer OS than those with mutated tumors (7.83 [95% CI 7.33–10.80] vs. 7.18 months [95% CI 5.63–9.33], respectively, p = 0.06). Conclusions This single-institution retrospective study indicates that in a heavily pretreated population approximately 4% of mCRC tumors display a potential actionable molecular context suitable for therapeutic intervention. Application of molecular selection is challenging but improves clinical outcome even in later lines of treatment.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Amatu
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Erica Bonazzina
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Stabile
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Giannetta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerea
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Schiavetto
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Bencardino
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Funaioli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ricotta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cipani
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Schirru
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Palmeri
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Carlo-Stella
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rusconi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Di Bella
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Burrafato
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cassingena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Valtorta
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Calogero Lauricella
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Pazzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambaro
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ghezzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marrapese
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Emiliana Tarenzi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Veronese
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Truini
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Vanzulli
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore, 3, 20162, Milan, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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30
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Siena S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Marsoni S, Hurwitz HI, McCall SJ, Penault-Llorca F, Srock S, Bardelli A, Trusolino L. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncogene in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:1108-1119. [PMID: 29659677 PMCID: PMC5961091 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an oncogenic driver, and a well-established therapeutic target in breast and gastric cancers. Using functional and genomic analyses of patient-derived xenografts, we previously showed that a subset (approximately 5%) of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors is driven by amplification or mutation of HER2. This paper reviews the role of HER2 amplification as an oncogenic driver, a prognostic and predictive biomarker, and a clinically actionable target in CRC, considering the specifics of HER2 testing in this tumor type. While the role of HER2 as a biomarker for prognosis in CRC remains uncertain, its relevance as a therapeutic target has been established. Indeed, independent studies documented substantial clinical benefit in patients treated with biomarker-driven HER2-targeted therapies, with an impact on response rates and duration of response that compared favorably with immunotherapy and other examples of precision oncology. HER2-targeted therapeutic strategies have the potential to change the treatment paradigm for a clinically relevant subgroup of metastatic CRC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biopsy
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/methods
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality
- Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Gene Amplification
- Genetic Testing
- Humans
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Prognosis
- Progression-Free Survival
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan.
| | - A Sartore-Bianchi
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
| | - S Marsoni
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan; Precision Oncology, IFOM - The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - H I Hurwitz
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - S J McCall
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, USA
| | - F Penault-Llorca
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Jean-Perrin Comprehensive Cancer Centre, UMR INSERM 1240, University Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Srock
- Global Product Development Medical Affairs, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Bardelli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - L Trusolino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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31
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Fernandes MS, Melo S, Velho S, Carneiro P, Carneiro F, Seruca R. Specific inhibition of p110α subunit of PI3K: putative therapeutic strategy for KRAS mutant colorectal cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68546-68558. [PMID: 27602501 PMCID: PMC5356572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. It is often associated with activating mutations in KRAS leading to deregulation of major signaling pathways as the RAS-RAF-MAPK and PI3K-Akt. However, the therapeutic options for CRC patients harboring somatic KRAS mutations are still very limited. It is therefore urgent to unravel novel therapeutic approaches for those patients. In this study, we have awarded PI3K p110α a key role in CRC cells harboring KRAS/PIK3CA mutations or KRAS mutations alone. Specific silencing of PI3K p110α by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced viability and induced apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. In agreement with these cellular effects, PI3K p110α silencing led to alterations in the expression levels of proteins implicated in apoptosis and cell cycle, namely XIAP and pBad in KRAS/PIK3CA mutant cells and cyclin D1 in KRAS mutant cells. To further validate our data, a specific PI3K p110α inhibitor, BYL719, was evaluated. BYL719 mimicked the in vitro siRNA effects on cellular viability and on the alterations of apoptotic- and cell cycle-related proteins in CRC mutant cells. Overall, this study demonstrates that specific inhibition of PI3K p110α could provide an alternative therapeutic approach for CRC patients, particularly those harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Soraia Melo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgia Velho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seruca
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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32
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Xu F, Zhong H, Chang Y, Li D, Jin H, Zhang M, Wang H, Jiang C, Shen Y, Huang Y. Targeting death receptors for drug-resistant cancer therapy: Codelivery of pTRAIL and monensin using dual-targeting and stimuli-responsive self-assembling nanocomposites. Biomaterials 2017; 158:56-73. [PMID: 29304403 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a formidable hurdle against cancer therapy. Seeking for novel therapy strategies is an urgent need for those who no longer benefit from chemotherapy. Chemoresistance is usually associated with the dysfunction of intrinsic apoptosis. Targeting extrinsic apoptosis via TRAIL signaling and the death receptors could be a potential solution to treat chemoresistant cancer. A highly biocompatible nano system for codelivery of the TRAIL DNA and the death receptor sensitizer monensin was developed, in which low-molecular-weight PEI (LMW-PEI) was crosslinked by the sulfhydryl cyclodextrin via disulfide bonds, and then bound with DNA, thus forming the bioreducible polyplex cores. In addition, the cyclodextrin also functioned as a carrier for the hydrophobic monensin via host-guest inclusion. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) was used to modify the polyplex core via charge interaction. The γ-PGA corona can specifically bind with the tumor-associated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) overexpressed on the tumor cells, and achieve tumor-targeting delivery. Moreover, the tumor-homing peptide RGD-modified γ-PGA was also prepared as the surface coating materials for further improving gene delivery efficiency. This gene delivery system was characterized by the dual ligand-targeting, dual stimuli-responsive features. The ligands of RGD and γ-PGA can target the tumor-associated receptors (i.e., integrin and GGT). The conformation of γ-PGA is pH-sensitive, and the tumor acidic micro environments could trigger the detachment of surface-coating γ-PGA. The disulfide crosslinking LMW-PEI is redox-sensitive, and its fast disassembling in the tumor cells could favor the efficient gene delivery. The anti-tumor efficacy was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, MYC-mediated synthetic lethality could be an important mechanism for overcoming the drug resistance. An important finding of our studies is the demonstration of the in vivo treatment efficacy of TRAIL/monensin, thus providing a potential novel therapeutic strategy for overcoming drug-resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China; Nano Sci-Tech Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huihai Zhong
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai University College of Sciences, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ya Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China; Nano Sci-Tech Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China; Nano Sci-Tech Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongyue Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang University College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Rd, Shanghai 201203, China.
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33
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Dishevelled1-3 contribute to multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115803-115816. [PMID: 29383202 PMCID: PMC5777814 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is a great obstacle in successful chemotherapy of colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying multidrug resistance is not fully understood. Dishevelled, a pivot in Wnt signaling, has been linked to cancer progression, while its role in chemoresistance remains unclear. Here, we found that Dishevelled1-3 was over-expressed in multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cells (HCT-8/VCR) compared to their parental cells. Silencing Dishevelled1-3 resensitized HCT-8/VCR cells to multiple drugs including vincristine, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. Moreover, Dishevelled1-3 increased the protein levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (P-gp/MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), Survivin and Bcl-2 which are correlated with multidrug resistance. shβ-catenin abolished Dishevelled-mediated these protein expressions. Unexpectedly, none of Dishevelled1-3 controlled β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the nuclear translocations of Dishevelled1-3 were promoted in HCT-8/VCR cells compared to HCT-8. Dishevelled1-3 bound to β-catenin in nucleus, and promoted nuclear complex formation and transcription activity of β-catenin/TCF. Taken together, Dishevelled1-3 contributed to multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and inducing the expressions of P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, Survivin and Bcl-2, independently of β-catenin accumulation and nuclear translocation. Silencing Dishevelled1-3 resensitized multidrug-resistant colorectal cancer cells, providing a novel therapeutic target for successful chemotherapy of colorectal cancer.
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34
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Siena S, Rivera F, Taieb J, Peeters M, Prenen H, Koukakis R, Demonty G, Köhne CH. Survival Outcomes in Patients With RAS Wild Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Classified According to Köhne Prognostic Category and BRAF Mutation Status. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017; 17:50-57.e8. [PMID: 29096990 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Köhne prognostic score is used to classify patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as high, intermediate, or low risk. Using data from 2 phase III trials, we analyzed survival in patients categorized according to Köhne prognostic category and virus-induced rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation. PATIENTS AND METHODS PRIME (Panitumumab Randomized Trial In Combination With Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer to Determine Efficacy) (first-line) and 20050181 (second-line) were studies of chemotherapy with or without panitumumab. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed retrospectively in rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS) wild type (WT) and RAS WT+BRAF WT mCRC in each Köhne category, and in BRAF mutant (MT) mCRC. RESULTS In PRIME (n = 495) and 20050181 (n = 420), 53 (11%) and 44 (10%) patients, respectively, had BRAF MT mCRC. Of the RAS WT+BRAF WT/unknown populations, 85/267/90 and 82/211/83 were categorized as high/medium/low risk, respectively. PFS and OS hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for Köhne group, for patients with RAS WT + BRAF WT/unknown mCRC favored panitumumab with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in both studies. In PRIME, the PFS HR was 0.74 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.90) and OS HR was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.95). In 20050181, PFS and OS HRs were 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65-0.99) and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.62-0.99), respectively. Median PFS and OS were lower in patients with BRAF MT mCRC than in any of the 3 risk categories for patients with RAS WT+BRAF WT/unknown mCRC. CONCLUSION During first- and second-line treatment, Köhne prognostic score allows accurate risk classification in RAS WT mCRC. BRAF MT mCRC should be classified as high risk regardless of other parameters. Panitumumab with chemotherapy might provide survival benefits versus chemotherapy alone in RAS WT and RAS WT+BRAF WT/unknown mCRC, overall and across risk categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Siena
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, and Dipartimento di Oncologia e Emato-Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Fernando Rivera
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Julien Taieb
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Hans Prenen
- Digestive Oncology Unit, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Gaston Demonty
- Medical Development, Amgen (Europe) GmbH, Zug, Switzerland
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Effect of KRAS and BRAF Mutations on Survival of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer After Liver Resection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2017; 16:e153-e163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Akinwande O, Dendy M, Ludwig JM, Kim HS. Hepatic intra-arterial injection of irinotecan drug eluting beads (DEBIRI) for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:268-275. [PMID: 28807246 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review the safety and efficacy of transarterial drug-eluting beads, irinotecan (DEBIRI) for the treatment of pretreated patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). METHODS A systematic search of the current literature was conducted to extract publications reporting on the use of DEBIRI for CRLM. Data on the safety and efficacy was extracted and tabulated. Weighted average values (WAV) were calculated for each variable to provide a single value representing the pooled safety and efficacy data. RESULTS 13 studies (15 treatment arms) were evaluated, comprising a total of 850 patients. There were 6 prospective phase I/II trials, 5 retrospective trials and 2 randomized control trials. All papers involved patients previously treated with systemic chemotherapy. The weighted average all-grade toxicity rate was 35.2% (range; 6-100%). The high-grade WAV toxicity rate was 10.1% (range; 0-32%). Weighted average response rates were 56.2% and 51.1% according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) and modified RECIST/EASL (European Association for the Study of the Liver) response criteria respectively. The weighted average progression-free survival and overall survival were 8.1 months and 16.8 months, respectively. CONCLUSION Transarterial DEBIRI is safe and effective in the treatment of unresectable CRLM to the liver. Further studies are warranted to better define its role in the treatment algorithm of this patient subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaguoke Akinwande
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Meaghan Dendy
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Johannes M Ludwig
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hyun S Kim
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. CRC develops as a consequence of genomic instability, characterized by various genetic and epigenetic alterations. Its molecular heterogeneity explains the large variability in patient prognosis and treatment response, emphasizing the need for development of accurate prognostic and predictive biomarkers. This article delineates the different pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis and its molecular subtype classification. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current and future biomarkers guiding clinical decision-making and CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter-Jan Cuyle
- Department of Gastroenterology/Digestive Oncology, Imelda General Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology/Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Gastroenterology/Digestive Oncology, University Hospitals Gasthuisberg Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Zhao S, Sun H, Jiang W, Mi Y, Zhang D, Wen Y, Cheng D, Tang H, Wu S, Yu Y, Liu X, Cui W, Zhang M, Sun X, Zhou Z, Peng Z, Yan D. miR-4775 promotes colorectal cancer invasion and metastasis via the Smad7/TGFβ-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:12. [PMID: 28095858 PMCID: PMC5240405 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), many patients die because of tumor metastasis or recurrence. Therefore, identifying new prognostic markers and elucidating the mechanisms of CRC metastasis and recurrence will help to improve the prognosis of the disease. As dysregulation of microRNAs is strongly related to cancer progression, the aim of this study was to identify the role of miR-4775 in the prognosis of CRC patients and the underling mechanisms involved in CRC progression. Methods qPCR and in situ hybridization were used to evaluate the expression of miR-4775 in 544 pairs of paraffin-embedded normal and CRC tissues. Kaplan–Meier analysis with the log-rank test was used for survival analyses. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to investigate the expression of miR-4775-regulated Smad7/TGFβ pathway-associated markers. In vitro and in vivo invasion and metastasis assays were used to explore the function of miR-4775 in the progression of CRC. Results miR-4775 was identified as a high-risk factor for CRC metastasis and recurrence, with high levels predicting poor survival among the 544 studied CRC patients. Furthermore, high miR-4775 expression promoted the invasion of CRC cells as well as metastasis and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) via Smad7-mediated activation of TGFβ signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Downregulating miR-4775 or overexpressing Smad7 reversed the tumor-promoting roles of miR-4775/Smad7/TGFβ in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion miR-4775 promotes CRC metastasis and recurrence in a Smad7/TGFβ signaling-dependent manner, providing a new therapeutic target for inhibiting the metastasis or recurrence of the disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0585-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Hongcheng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yushuai Mi
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dongyuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yugang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Dantong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shaohan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, 1518 Huancheng North Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xisheng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Weiyingqi Cui
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University, Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zongguang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang Street, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Plasticity of Resistance and Sensitivity to Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 249:145-159. [PMID: 28382467 DOI: 10.1007/164_2017_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Survival in the metastatic setting has been gradually improved by the addition to cytotoxic chemotherapy of agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Considerable heterogeneity exists within CRC due to the varied genetic and epigenetic mechanisms involved in differing pathways of carcinogenesis. The knowledge of molecular abnormalities underlying colorectal tumourigenesis and the progression of dysplastic precursors to invasive and ultimately metastatic lesions has advanced in recent years by comprehensive sequencing studies. From these genome-scale analyses, we know that a handful of genes are commonly affected by somatic mutations, whereas recurrent copy-number alterations and chromosomal translocations are rarer in this disease. Even though some of these molecular abnormalities make genes acting as drivers of cancer progression, translation of this recognition for therapeutic purposes is still limited, encompassing only as standard of care the exclusion of RAS-mutated cancers for better selecting patients to candidate to EGFR-targeted therapy with monoclonal antibodies. However, the effort of ameliorating molecular selection should not be considered exhausted by demonstration of RAS and BRAF-induced resistance, as the genomic landscape of response to EGFR blockade has been demonstrated to be wider and dynamically multifaceted. In this chapter we will review main molecular biomarkers of de novo (primary) and acquired (secondary) resistance to EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies in metastatic CRC and discuss therapeutic implications.
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