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Nelson S, Ayaz B, Baumann AL, Dozois G. A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce-A scoping review of the literature. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003336. [PMID: 38954697 PMCID: PMC11218983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) impacts all levels of the health workforce, including the individual provider, organization, and society. While there is a substantial body of literature on various aspects of WPV against the health workforce, gender-based WPV (GB-WPV) has received less attention. Violence in both the workplace and broader society is rooted in gendered socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors. Developing a robust understanding of GB-WPV is crucial to explore the differing experiences, responses, and outcomes of GB-WPV with respect to gender. We conducted a scoping review and report on the prevalence and risk factors of GB-WPV in healthcare settings globally. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We registered the scoping review protocol on the Open Science Framework on January 14, 2022, at https://osf.io/t4pfb/. A systematic search was conducted of empirical literature in five health and social science databases. Of 13667, 226 studies were included in the analysis. Across the studies, more women than men experienced non-physical violence, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and bullying. Men experienced more physical violence compared to women. Younger age, less experience, shifting duties, specific clinical settings, lower professional status, organizational hierarchy, and minority status were found to be sensitive to gender, reflecting women's structural disadvantages in the workplace. Given the high prevalence and impact of GB-WPV on women, we provided recommendations to address systemic issues in clinical practice, academia, policy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sioban Nelson
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basnama Ayaz
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Baumann
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Dozois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Keller EG, Hittle BM, Boch SJ, Davis KG, Gillespie GL. Unlocking Prevalence Data: Describing the Job Stress and Well-being of U.S. Correctional Nurses. Workplace Health Saf 2024; 72:210-222. [PMID: 38217448 DOI: 10.1177/21650799231207977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the health and well-being of U.S. correctional nurses. To protect correctional nurses, a better understanding of organizational characteristics, job stress, and well-being must be undertaken. METHOD A cross-sectional design was used in the form of an online survey. Correctional nurses were conveniently recruited using national listservs and snowball sampling. Variables were measured with the Health & Safety Executive Management Standards Indicator Tool, Nurse Wellbeing Index, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analyses of variance. FINDINGS Two hundred seventy participants (142 registered nurses, 83 licensed practical nurses/licensed vocational nurses, and 42 advanced practice nurses) completed the survey. Job stress scored moderate (M = 16.26, SD = 7.14), and well-being levels were just below the risk for adverse events (M = 1.8, SD = 3.06). Lower scores were noted for managerial support (M = 3.13, SD = 0.35) and job demands (M = 3.56, SD = 0.92), but slightly better for job control (M = 3.57, SD = 0.77), peer support (M = 3.85, SD = 0.64), and workplace relationships (M = 3.73, SD = 0.95). CONCLUSIONS Significant differences between organizational characteristics, job stress, and well-being were found across nursing licensure, workplace environments, biological sex, and employment through state or private agencies. Registered nurses working in U.S. prisons experienced the highest job stress and worse well-being. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE This work is an essential next step in promoting healthy workspaces, urging the need for further research establishing the impact of organizational characteristics and job stress on nurse well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samantha J Boch
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati
- James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence
| | - Kermit G Davis
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati
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McLaughlin L, Khemthong U. The Prevalence of Type II Workplace Violence in US Nurses 2000 to 2022: A Meta-Analysis. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:248-255. [PMID: 38229584 DOI: 10.1177/01939459231222449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical violence against nurses is a concern in the United States; however, its prevalence is not well quantified. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe the prevalence of workplace violence against nurses in the United States over a 22-year period. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed following a literature search of English texts through Scopus, CINAHL Plus, and Ovid MEDLINE. Inclusion criteria included the following: (1) primary reports of workplace violence incidents in the United States against nurses, (2) perpetrator was a patient, family member, or visitor, and (3) publications between January 1, 2000, and June 21, 2022. Reports where prevalence rates for nurses could not be calculated were excluded. Study quality was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria; 27 030 nurses were included. The pooled prevalence of workplace violence was 0.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.42; Q = 3189.40; I2 = 98.87). Pooled rates of workplace violence increased from 30% in 2000 to 2004 to 43% in 2020 to 2022; however, the overlapping CIs indicate that the increase may not be statistically significant. The mean prevalence of reported workplace violence among nurses who work in the emergency department, in corrections, and psychiatric mental health settings (pooled prevalence = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46-0.71) was higher than that of nurses who worked in all other settings (pooled prevalence = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.18-0.30). CONCLUSIONS Workplace violence is a significant and potentially increasing problem for nurses in the United States. This critical problem requires an effective response from nurse policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Usa Khemthong
- School of Nursing, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Keller EG, Hittle BM, Boch S, Davis K, Gillespie GL. Modeling wellbeing for U.S. correctional nurses: A cross sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 147:104589. [PMID: 37741259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses work in stressful environments, and this stress has negative consequences on health. Correctional nurses experience unique job stress in their roles. However, there has been limited research exploring how the correctional environment impacts nurse health and wellbeing. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the variables of organizational characteristics (i.e., job demands, job control, manager support, peer support, workplace relationships), job stress, and wellbeing levels in a sample of U.S. correctional nurses, while exploring socio-demographic covariates. METHODS Using a convenience sampling method, 270 U.S. correctional nurses completed a cross-sectional online survey. Informed by the Job Demands-Resources Theory, a conceptual model was created and tested in this sample. Analysis involved multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling. RESULTS The model significantly fit the data (CI: 0.71-0.83, CFI = 0.51, SRMR: 0.37, and RMSEA = 0.08) revealing the direct relationship between job stress, job demands, job control, and workplace relationships and wellbeing. This study also provided evidence that job stress mediates the relationship of job control and job demands with wellbeing. CONCLUSION Results underscore the opportunity for correctional organizations to consider targeting job demands, job control, workplace relationships, and job stress in future interventions to improve the correctional nursing work environment and support correctional nurse wellbeing. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT A recent study found evidence for a relationship between organizational characteristics & job stress and U.S. correctional nurse wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Keller
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Beverly M Hittle
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Samantha Boch
- University of Cincinnati, College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kermit Davis
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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Castner J, Stanislo K, Castner M, Monsen KA. Public health nursing workforce and learning needs: A national sample survey analysis. Public Health Nurs 2023; 40:339-352. [PMID: 36683284 PMCID: PMC10328423 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generate national estimates of the public health nursing workforce's (1) demographic and work characteristics and (2) continuing education learning needs in the United States. DESIGN Secondary data analysis of the 2018 National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses. SAMPLE Total 7352 of the 50,273 survey respondents were categorized as public health nurses (PHNs), representing an estimated 467,271 national workforce. MEASUREMENTS Survey items for demographics, practice setting, training topics, and language(s) spoken fluently were analyzed. RESULTS Workforce demographic characteristics are included. Mental health training was the most frequently endorsed topic by PHNs, followed by patient-centered care and evidence-based care. Training topic needs vary by practice setting. CONCLUSIONS Results here can be used as a needs assessment for national public health nursing professional development and education initiatives. Further research is needed to refine and survey a nationally representative sample in a manner meaningful to public health nursing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Castner
- Administration, Castner Incorporated, Grand Island, New York
| | | | - Martin Castner
- Administration, Castner Incorporated, Grand Island, New York
- David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, College of Arts and Sciences, Castner Incorporated, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Karen A Monsen
- University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Zhao C, Yu M, Wang A, Xu X, Zheng X. Construction of an evaluation system for medical staff's occupational protection ability based on knowledge, attitude, and practice theory, and a cross-sectional survey of current conditions. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:78. [PMID: 36949466 PMCID: PMC10031986 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical personnel should be in close proximity and high frequency of contact with patients, and be exposed to physical, biological and chemical risk factors for a long time. The incidence of various occupational exposures is high. however, there is still a lack of the medical staff Occupational Protection Core Competence Evaluation Index system with high reliability and validity. AIM Based on the theory of knowledge, attitude, and practice, the evaluation system of occupational protection ability of medical personnel was established, and the current situation of occupational protection ability of medical personnel at different levels was investigated, so as to take targeted training and intervention measures to improve the occupational protection ability of medical personnel and reduce the incidence of occupational exposure. METHODS Based on the knowledge, attitude, and practice theory, the index system of occupational protection core competence of medical personnel was initially constructed by literature retrieval, expert consultation, group discussion, semi-structured interview and other qualitative and quantitative methods, and the reliability and validity of the index system was tested by Delphi expert consultation method. By convenient cluster sampling method, from March to September 2021, the current status of occupational protection core competence of medical personnel was investigated among medical staff from one Class III Grade A hospital and two medical schools in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. RESULTS The evaluation system for medical staff's occupational protection ability included 3 first-level indexes, 11 second-level indexes, and 109 third-level indexes. A total of 684 valid questionnaires were collected from Grade III, Class A hospital medical staff and two medical school students in clinical practice in Shandong, China. Kruskal Walls test showed that there were significant differences in the overall distribution of occupational protection knowledge, attitude, and practice among registered nurses, nursing students, registered physicians, and physician students (H = 70.252, P < 0.001; H = 76.507, P < 0.001; H = 80.782, P < 0.001); there were statistical significance in the knowledge/ attitude/ practice of nursing and physician students at different levels (H = 33.733, P < 0.001; H = 29.158, P < 0.001; H = 28.740, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results of the evaluation system for the medical staff's occupational protection ability are reliable and can provide a reference for training the medical staff's occupational protection ability. Managers should strengthen the training of theoretical knowledge of occupational protection ability of medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyue Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Electric Power Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Mingguang Yu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shandong Electric Power Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Nursing Theory and Practice Innovation Research Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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Sipos D, Jenei T, Kövesdi OL, Novák P, Freihat O, Tollár J, András Pandur A, Kovács Á, Repa I, Petőné Csima M. Burnout and occupational stress among Hungarian radiographers working in emergency and non-emergency departments during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiography (Lond) 2023; 29:466-472. [PMID: 36871472 PMCID: PMC9939395 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increased workload caused by the coronavirus pandemic may have had a significant impact on the mental health of radiographers. The aim of our study was to investigate burnout and occupational stress in radiographers working in emergency departments (ED) and non-emergency departments (NED). METHODS Quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive research was carried out among radiographers working in the public health sector in Hungary. Due to the cross-sectional nature of our survey, there was no overlap between the ED and NED groups. For data collection, we used simultaneously the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI), and our self-designed questionnaire. RESULTS We excluded incomplete questionnaires from our survey; finally, 439 responses were evaluated. Significantly higher scores for depersonalisation (DP; 8.43 (SD = 6.69) vs. 5.63 (SD = 4.21) and emotional exhaustion (EE; 25.07 (SD = 11.41) vs. 19.72 (SD = 11.72)) were observed in radiographers working in ED (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) when compared to NED. Male radiographers working in ED aged 20-29 and 30-39 years with experience of 1-9 years were more affected by DP (p ≤ 0.05). Worrying about one's own health had a negative effect on DP and EE (p ≤ 0.05). Having close friend with a COVID-19 infection had a negative effect on EE (p ≤ 0.05); not being infected with coronavirus, not being quarantined and relocating within the workplace had a positive effect on personal accomplishment (PA); radiographers who were 50 years or older with 20-29 years of experience were more affected by depersonalisation (DP); and those who worried about their health had significantly higher stress scores (p ≤ 0.05) in both ED and NED settings. CONCLUSION Male radiographers at the beginning of their careers were more affected by burnout. Employment in EDs had a negative impact on DP and EE. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Our results support the implementation of interventions to counter the effects of occupational stress and burnout among radiographers working in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sipos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Dr. József Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center, "Moritz Kaposi" Teaching Hospital, Guba Sándor Street 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Timea Jenei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Orsolya L Kövesdi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Pál Novák
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Omar Freihat
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - József Tollár
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Dr. József Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center, "Moritz Kaposi" Teaching Hospital, Guba Sándor Street 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Attila András Pandur
- Department of Oxyology, Emergency Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty 4, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Department of Oncoradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Imre Repa
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Dr. József Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center, "Moritz Kaposi" Teaching Hospital, Guba Sándor Street 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
| | - Melinda Petőné Csima
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Szent Imre Street 14/B, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Institute of Education, MATE - Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Guba Sándor Street 40, 7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
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Ferguson JM, Bradshaw PT, Eisen EA, Rehkopf D, Cullen MR, Costello S. Distribution of working hour characteristics by race, age, gender, and shift schedule among U.S. manufacturing workers. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:310-323. [PMID: 36691907 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2168200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Shift work is a common occupational exposure, however, few studies have examined aspects of shift work beyond night work and long hours, such as rotational patterns or weekend work, which may contribute to poor health through disruption of the body's circadian rhythms. In this manuscript, we calculated the prevalence of working hour characteristics using algorithms for type (e.g., day), duration, intensity, rotational direction, and social aspects (e.g., weekend work) in a nationwide cohort of American manufacturing workers (N = 23,044) between 2003 and 2014. Distributions of working hour characteristics were examined by schedules (e.g., permanent day, day/night) and demographics, and were cross-classified in a matrix to examine co-occurrence. Approximately 55% of shifts may cause circadian rhythm disruption as they were non-day shifts or day shifts with a quick return or rotation, or were 13 h or longer. Older workers, female workers, and White workers worked permanent day shifts most often, while workers of color worked more day/night schedules. Night and evening shifts had more frequent shift rotations, quick returns, and longer hours than day shifts. Yet, day shifts, which are presumed to have little negative circadian impact, may cause circadian rhythm disruption as long hours, quick returns and rotations also occurred within day shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Ferguson
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Patrick T Bradshaw
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ellen A Eisen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - David Rehkopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark R Cullen
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sadie Costello
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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Burnout Levels in Italian Nurses during the First and the Second Wave in the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Pilot Cohort-Data Comparison. PSYCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/psych4040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Nurses show higher psychological distress associated with physical difficulties during the COVID-19 outbreak. To compare burnout levels among nurses engaged in the front line of patients with COVID-19 during the first wave and the second wave of the pandemic. (2) Methods: Two cohort online surveys were conducted thanks to the Google Modules function: the first one was administered from March 2020 to April 2020 and the second survey, which included the same questionnaire, was administered from September 2020 to October 2020. (3) Results: There were significant differences in the emotional exhaustion sub dimension (p < 0.001): The first wave group recorded higher levels than the second wave one. While, as regards to the values of the dimension of the depersonalization, the second wave group reported significantly higher values than the first wave group (p = 0.006). No significant difference was recorded for the personal accomplishment sub dimension (p = 0.108). By considering the gender variable, significant difference was reported in personal accomplishment sub dimension, as during the second wave, females recorded lower levels in personal accomplishment while males reported significantly higher levels in the same sub dimension than the first wave (p = 0.012); while no statistically significant differences were reported in burnout sub dimensions during the first and the second waves according to years of work experience. (4) Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic represents an important provocation for nurses all around the world and, at the same time, constitutes a learning lesson to improve better approaches for the subsequent waves. Several interventions could be introduced to moderate the mental health influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses.
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Amro TM, Arcos González P, Montero Viñuales E, Castro Delgado R. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stress and Burnout Levels amongst Emergency Medical Technicians: A Cross-Sectional Study in Spain. Ann Med 2022; 54:3007-3016. [PMID: 36314513 PMCID: PMC9629066 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2137735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) are essential health care workers (HCWs). Although they play an extraordinary role during the COVID-19 pandemic, they are mostly exposed to various occupational health and safety risks that have significantly impacted their mental health, giving rise to symptoms, such as stress and burnout. AIM This study aimed to assess the perceived levels of stress and burnout amongst EMTs in relation to their socio-demographic characteristics and to explore the associations between their stress and burnout levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This work is an observational cross-sectional design study conducted between 29 March and 30 April 2021, with a convenience sample of 280 Spanish EMTs yielding a response rate of 28%. The online survey had 42 items that aimed to determine participants' socio-demographic characteristics, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). RESULTS The results showed that more than half of the EMTs (53%) perceived a moderate stress level, 37% perceived moderate levels of emotional exhaustion (EE) and 40% had moderate levels of depersonalization (DP). Furthermore, 48% had low levels of personal accomplishment (PA). Gender, age, having personal protective equipment (PPE) and experiencing fear of infection were statistically significant areas where participants experienced greater stress (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between stress, EE and DP and a negative correlation between stress and the PA subdimension of burnout were found. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on the mental health of ambulance EMTs. Further studies building on this study and others on the psychological status of EMTs before the pandemic and follow-up during the pandemic, as well as deeper investigations on their work conditions, are needed to facilitate the implementation of various interventions. Such efforts can mitigate the negative impacts of the pandemic on their mental health, and prepare them for future disasters.KEY MESSAGEThe COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of the majority of the world's population. In particular, it has impacted the mental health of various communities, including HCWs. Highly stressful and insecure work conditions have placed frontline HCWs at a high risk of psychological distress, making them victims and service providers simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahreer Mahmoud Amro
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro Arcos González
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Montero Viñuales
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rafael Castro Delgado
- Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Cunningham TR, Guerin RJ, Ferguson J, Cavallari J. Work-related fatigue: A hazard for workers experiencing disproportionate occupational risks. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:913-925. [PMID: 35088430 PMCID: PMC9325913 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long working hours and fatigue are significant occupational safety and health (OSH) hazards for working populations who experience disproportionate risks of injury and illness. These groups include young or new workers, aging workers, contingent and temporary workers, immigrant and nonnative workers, female workers, minority workers, workers with low levels of education and lower socioeconomic status, and small business employees. An increasing focus on newer determinants of health in the workplace, such as health equity and work-life conflict, in worker populations at greater risk for injury or illness, provides an opportunity for researchers to address the causes and consequences of work-related fatigue in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles in the OSH literature that addressed fatigue in higher-risk workers were identified by the authors or recommended by subject matter experts in workplace fatigue as part of a Working Hours, Sleep and Fatigue Forum. Additional articles were identified by searching for a combination of specific at-risk worker group titles (e.g., female workers, temporary workers) with fatigue or working hours. RESULTS There remains a paucity of research specifically addressing working hours and fatigue among disproportionately at-risk worker populations. The literature reviewed in this paper suggests that several of these populations are at increased risk of fatigue due to multiple factors, such as irregular shifts, lack of access to fatigue management resources, and socioeconomic barriers. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed to identify solutions to address fatigue in working populations who may be at greater risk for its consequences by virtue of adverse socioeconomic and related factors. Interventions to address work-related fatigue in specific at-risk worker groups should also consider the multiple and overlapping categories of risk within these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Cunningham
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Guerin
- Division of Science Integration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Heath, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacqueline Ferguson
- School of Public Health, Division of Environmental Health Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA,School of Medicine, Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Cavallari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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12
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Keller E, Boch S, Hittle BM. Unsafe and Unsettling: An Integrative Review on Correctional Nursing Work Environments and Stressors. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC NURSING 2022; 18:229-236. [PMID: 35093958 DOI: 10.1097/jfn.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress remains a major occupational hazard among nurses. As the United States maintains the largest correctional system in the world, little is understood regarding the occupational stress of correctional nurses and how that stress impacts their overall health and well-being. QUESTION ADDRESSED What are the occupational/environmental stressors and professional burnout factors experienced by correctional nurses? REVIEW METHODS Guided by Whittemore and Knafl's methodology, an integrative review was conducted using online databases of Scopus, CINAHL, NIOSH-tic, and PubMed in July of 2021 for peer-reviewed articles ever published internationally. Key concepts of "correctional health nursing" and "occupational stress" were used in our search. REVIEW RESULTS One hundred fifty-two articles were identified. Eleven articles met eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Three key themes emerged: conflict , fear , and demands . DISCUSSION Conflict arose from ethical and relational issues among coworkers, management, and incarcerated patients. Fear stemmed from physical safety concerns and workplace violence, whereas demands involved high workloads paired with a lack of organizational support. Findings revealed evidence on the unique occupational environment of correctional nursing professionals that impacted levels of stress and burnout across all types of correctional settings (e.g., jails and prisons). IMPLICATIONS Better assessment and consistent evaluation of the health and well-being of correctional nurses and their correctional nursing environments are needed. Additional resources to reduce stress, along with ensuring policies that mitigate ethical challenges, workplace violence, and bullying, may promote professional and safe workspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Keller
- Author Affiliations: College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati
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Guardiano M, Boy P, Shapirshteyn G, Dobrozdravic L, Chen L, Yang H, Robbins W, Li J. Working Conditions and Wellbeing among Prison Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Comparison to Community Nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191710955. [PMID: 36078669 PMCID: PMC9518550 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The psychological health and work challenges of nurses working in prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic are understudied. We evaluated the work and wellbeing characteristics of a California prison nurse group, with a comparison to those of a community nurse group. From May to November 2020, an online survey measured psychosocial and organizational work factors, sleep habits, psychological characteristics, COVID-19 impacts, and pre-pandemic recall among 62 prison nurses and 47 community nurses. Prison nurses had significantly longer work hours (54.73 ± 14.52, p < 0.0001), higher pandemic-related work demands, and less sleep hours (5.36 ± 1.30, p < 0.0001) than community nurses. Community nurses had significantly higher pandemic-related fear levels (work infection: p = 0.0115, general: p = 0.0025) and lower perceived personal protective equipment (PPE) supply (p = 0.0103). Between pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, both groups had significantly increased night shift assignments and decreased sleep hours, but the prison group had increased work hours. Although not statistically significant, both groups had high occupational stress and prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Our results indicate that prison nurses experienced work and wellbeing challenges during the pandemic. Future research and practice ought to address nurses' workload, PPE, and psychological resources in correctional facilities and healthcare organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Guardiano
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul Boy
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Lisa Dobrozdravic
- Quality Management Support Unit, Avenal State Prison, Avenal, CA 93204, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Haiou Yang
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Wendie Robbins
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jian Li
- School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Göktepe N, Sarıköse S. Same Place but Different Experience: A Qualitative Study on Gender and the Nursing Work Environment. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:3227-3235. [PMID: 35895493 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to reveal the opinions and experiences of male and female nurses concerning the nursing work environment in hospitals. BACKGROUND The quality of the nursing work environment greatly impacts the improvement of the patient, nurse, and organizational outcomes. Therefore, a better understanding of the experiences of male and female nurses can contribute to the creation of a more positive work environment. METHODS In this descriptive qualitative study, data were collected from semi-structured interviews conducted in 2020 with 18 nurses who were recruited via purposive and maximum variation sampling. Data was analyzed used to content analysis. RESULTS Content analysis revealed two major themes (the effects of gender on workplace practices and the image of nursing, and gendered communication in the nursing work environment) and eight subthemes. CONCLUSION This study concluded that male and female nurses experience advantages/disadvantages and similarities/differences in the nursing work environment and that both male and female nurses experience challenges regarding workplace relations and the work environment. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT A better understanding of the problems associated with the different experiences of male and female nurses in the workplace may help nurse managers to create a more positive work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Göktepe
- Ordu University Faculty of Health Science Department of Nursing, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Seda Sarıköse
- Koç University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dugan AG, Namazi S, Cavallari JM, El Ghaziri M, Rinker RD, Preston JC, Cherniack MG. Participatory Assessment and Selection of Workforce Health Intervention Priorities for Correctional Supervisors. J Occup Environ Med 2022; 64:578-592. [PMID: 35195112 PMCID: PMC9301986 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A team of academics and unionized correctional supervisors collaborated to assess workforce health and determine intervention priorities using participatory methods and tools. METHODS Correctional supervisors took a web-based survey. Univariate and bivariate tests examined attitudes/behaviors, exposures, and outcomes most strongly associated with health; risk based on rank within chain-of-command; and health behaviors amenable to change. We used a voting process tool to prioritize intervention topics. RESULTS Some health behaviors and outcomes were poor (89% overweight/ obese, 41% poor-quality sleep). We also found favorable health behaviors (annual check-ups) and psychosocial conditions (meaningful work). Some health risks (excessive overtime) were not amenable to change or resisted acknowledgment (poor mental health). The team voted to develop interventions on sleep, mental health, and obesity. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive health assessment informed the prioritization process, enabling the team to quickly reach consensus on intervention priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G. Dugan
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
| | - Sara Namazi
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
| | - Jennifer M. Cavallari
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
| | - Mazen El Ghaziri
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
| | - Robert D. Rinker
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
| | - Julius C. Preston
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
| | - Martin G. Cherniack
- From the Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Dugan, Dr Cavallari, Dr Cherniack); Department of Health Sciences, Springfield College, Springfield, MA (Dr Namazi); Department of Public Health Sciences, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, CT (Dr Cavallari); Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA (Dr El Ghaziri); Connecticut State Employees Association, Service Employees International Union, Local 2001, Hartford, CT (Mr Rinker, Mr Preston)
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Araújo TM, de Sousa CC, Siegrist J. Stressful work in primary health care and mental health: The role of gender inequities in Brazil. Am J Ind Med 2022; 65:604-612. [PMID: 35524468 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to analyze the association between occupational stressors, evaluated by the Effort-Reward Imbalance Model (ERI), and the occurrence of common mental disorders (CMD) among healthcare workers (HCW), additionally considering mediation by over-commitment from work (OW) and mediation of gender effects by work stressors. METHODS Cross-sectional study, including a random sample of 3343 HCWs, from six municipalities of Bahia, Brazil. The ERI scale measured the occupational stressors (main exposure), and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to screen for CMD. Data analysis used Structural Equation Modeling techniques to understand the relationships between gender, occupational stressors, and the occurrence of CMD. RESULTS ERI and OW were associated with CMD. OW mediated the negative effect of ERI on the mental health of HCW. Female workers had higher levels of ERI, OW, and CMD prevalence; the total gender effect on CMD prevalence was mediated by ERI and OW. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the association of work psychosocial stressors and CMD among HCW, including partial mediation by OW. Gender inequalities persisted among HCW, with women most exposed to occupational stressors and CMD. ERI and OW partially mediated the effect of gender on CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia M. Araújo
- State University of Feira de Santana Feira de Santana Brazil
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17
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Chang W, Lee Y. A Model to Explore how Communal Traits Affects Stay Intent Amongst Taiwanese Nurses. SAGE Open Nurs 2022; 8:23779608221097168. [PMID: 35574271 PMCID: PMC9096182 DOI: 10.1177/23779608221097168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study discusses the model built to explore low levels of communal traits’ influence on nurses’ stay intent. Background The high turnover rate and low stay intent amongst Taiwan's nurses is a serious issue. One reason for the low stay intent is nurse-to-nurse interpersonal conflict. Surface-level difference, such as low levels of communal traits, may be an important antecedent factor. Previous studies have found that this type of conflict can frequently arise in female-to-female relationships. Design This was quantitative, cross-sectional research using a questionnaire survey. Method 249 registered nurses participated in the survey, which employed convenience sampling. The data was collected from January 10th 2020 to February 10th 2020. Results/Findings: We found that nurses with low levels of communal traits become frustrated, creating psychological need thwarting and decreasing stay intention. Belonging perception appears to weaken this. In addition, autonomy and relatedness of need thwarting but not competence mediates the relationship between frustration experience and stay intent. Unlike in past studies, this was not found to be an exclusively female phenomenon. Conclusion Improving belonging perception may be the answer to overcoming negative outcomes caused by surface-level difference in the nursing profession. However, why surface-level difference has a negative influence remains a question that needs to be further explored. In addition, Taiwanese nursing managers in this low status and relationship-oriented nursing culture should also focus on improving frontline nurses’ confidence and self-conceptualizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenYing Chang
- Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Taoyuan
- Hoan Elder Protects Center, Taoyuan
| | - YiHsuan Lee
- Department of Business Administration, National Central University, Taoyuan
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18
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Wang J, Zhang L, Jiang F, Liu Y, Wang M, Wu Y, Tang YL. Gender Differences in Burnout Among Endocrinologists in China. Front Psychol 2022; 13:845188. [PMID: 35300158 PMCID: PMC8921076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.845188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To survey the prevalence of burnout in a national sample of endocrinologists in China and to examine its correlates, with a special focus on gender differences. Methods An anonymous online survey was conducted among endocrinologists in 31 provincial government-owned “People’s Hospitals” of each province in mainland China. Demographic and work-related factors were collected from participants. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) was used to assess burnout, including emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). Results A total of 711 endocrinologists (72.1% were female and mean age was 39.63 ± 8.51 years old) completed the survey. Burnout was reported by 32.8% of the participants. There were no significant gender differences in the overall prevalence of burnout or EE, DP, and PA (all p > 0.05). A multi-level linear regression revealed: (1) In male participants, PA was significantly associated with age (β = 0.03, p = 0.003), DP was inversely associated with age (β = −0.06, p = 0.005), EE was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration (β = −0.25, p = 0.006), and longer work hours (β = 0.01, p = 0.016). (2) In females, PA was significantly associated with age (β = 0.01, p = 0.038), EE and DP were both significantly associated with shorter sleep duration (β = −0.19, p = 0.001; and β = −0.15, p = 0.011, respectively). EE and DP were also associated with work hours (β = 0.02, p < 0.001; and β = 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Nearly one-third of endocrinologists in China experienced burnout. Although there were no significant gender differences in the prevalence of overall burnout or EE, DP, and PA scores, male and female participants differed in factors associated with EE, DP, and PA. Interventions need to be tailored to target different aspects in male and female endocrinologists and target different subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lufa Zhang
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Healthy Yangtze River Delta, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Liu
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Wu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Lang Tang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States
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Rey-Merchán MDC, López-Arquillos A, Rey-Merchán AM. Characteristics of Occupational Injuries among Spanish Nursing Workers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020220. [PMID: 35206835 PMCID: PMC8872059 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nursing professionals face a multitude of daily occupational hazards that can cause occupational accidents. AIM: The objective of this work is to analyze the personal variables included in official accident reports, to evaluate their influence on occupational accidents suffered by nursing and nursing assistant professionals. Methodology: A total of 187,821 occupational accidents recorded in Spain from 2011 to 2019 were analyzed in the sector using contingency tables, chi-square, and corrected standardized residuals. Results: The results showed that the older the professional, the probability that once the accident had occurred, its severity would be more serious. Regarding gender, men are more likely to suffer more serious accidents compared to accidents registered by women. Results about the length of service and nationality did not reach statistical significance in the group of accidents analyzed. Conclusions: The planning of preventive measures must be adapted to the profiles of the workers in the most vulnerable sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio López-Arquillos
- Departamento de Economía y Administración de Empresas, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence:
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20
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Mollayeva T, Mollayeva S, Pacheco N, Colantonio A. Systematic Review of Sex and Gender Effects in Traumatic Brain Injury: Equity in Clinical and Functional Outcomes. Front Neurol 2021; 12:678971. [PMID: 34566834 PMCID: PMC8461184 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.678971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in male and female patients worldwide, little is known about the effect of sex and gender on TBI outcomes. Objectives: This systematic review summarizes the evidence on the effect of sex and gender on core TBI outcomes. Methods: All English-language studies from six literature databases that addressed core outcomes in adults with TBI and included sex or gender, TBI severity, and age in their analyses were considered eligible. Two reviewers extracted data, and two reviewers assessed study quality using tools recommended by the National Institutes of Health. The results were sorted according to time post-injury, injury severity, gender equity ranking of the study's country of origin, and outcomes studied. The results from the included studies were grouped based on the approach taken in reporting their respective findings. Results and Limitations: Of 172 articles assessed, 58 studies were selected, comprising 1, 265, 955 participants with TBI (67% male across all studies) of all injury severities. All studies were conducted in countries with a very high or high human development index, while the Gender Inequality Index (GII) varied. While the heterogeneity across studies limited any meaningful conclusions with respect to the role of sex and gender, we did observe that as gender equality ranking improved, differences between male and female participants in outcomes would diminish. Inclusion of social equity parameters in the studies was limited. Conclusions and Implications: The non-uniform findings observed bring forth the need to develop and use a comprehensive and consistent methodology in the study of sex and gender post-TBI, incorporating social equity parameters to uncover the potential social underpinnings of gender effects on health and functional outcomes. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42018098697.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Mollayeva
- KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Shirin Mollayeva
- Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Pacheco
- Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Angela Colantonio
- KITE Toronto Rehabilitation Institute University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Acquired Brain Injury Research Lab, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Dufour R, Juster RP, Geoffrion S. Effect of Gender Roles and Workplace Violence on the Professional Quality of Life and Wellbeing at Work Among Child Protection Workers. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:277-290. [PMID: 33125466 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to workplace violence puts child protection workers at risk for adverse occupational outcomes. While previous studies have identified protective and risk factors, individual differences in gender roles have yet to be explored. Moving beyond sex, the present study aims to examine the ways in which gender roles influence exposure to workplace violence, professional quality of life, and wellbeing at work among child protection workers. A randomized sample stratified by sex of 301 Canadian child protection workers (male: 15.6%, female: 84.4%) completed validated questionnaires of gender roles, professional quality of life, and wellbeing at work. We assessed mean differences using analyses of covariances controlling for clinical experience and type of work. We then assessed the moderating effect of gender roles on other variables through hierarchical multiple linear regressions. Androgyny (high masculinity and high femininity) was associated with higher scores on positive indicators of professional quality of life and wellbeing at work. However, gender roles showed no significant moderating effect on the relationship between exposure to violence, professional quality of life, and wellbeing at work. Results suggest that androgyny could be related to potential psychosocial benefits for child protection workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Dufour
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, 90, av. Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, 2900, boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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22
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Murat M, Köse S, Savaşer S. Determination of stress, depression and burnout levels of front-line nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:533-543. [PMID: 33222350 PMCID: PMC7753629 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
All healthcare professionals, especially nurses, are affected psychosocially due to reasons such as uncertainty and work intensity experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this descriptive study, it was aimed to determine the stress, depression and burnout levels of front-line nurses. Data were obtained from 705 nurses who worked at hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic between May and July 2020, using a Personal Information Form, the Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The data collection tools were sent online to nurse managers, requesting front-line nurses to answer the forms and scales. The nurses were mostly women and had bachelor's degrees, single and worked as nurses for between 1 and 10 years. They had high levels of stress and burnout and moderate depression. Those who were younger and had fewer years of work experience felt inadequate about nursing care and had higher levels of stress and burnout. More burnout was detected in nurses who had a positive COVID-19 test and did not want to work voluntarily during the pandemic. The authors suggest that preventive and promotive interventions in mental health should be planned and implemented to improve the mental health and maintain the well-being of front-line nurses during the pandemic, and to prepare nurses who may work during pandemics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Murat
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selmin Köse
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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23
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Giménez Lozano JM, Martínez Ramón JP, Morales Rodríguez FM. Doctors and Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors in Workplace Violence and Burnout. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3280. [PMID: 33810020 PMCID: PMC8004742 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims analyze the risk factors that lead to high levels of burnout among nurses and physicians and the protective factors that prevent them. Thus, it is also intended to explore the possible correlation between physical and verbal violence produced at work and the symptoms derived from burnout. Methods: The search was carried out on the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2019 (on which date the bibliographic search ends). Descriptive studies estimating the prevalence of workplace violence and risk and protective factors and burnout were included. An adapted version of the Downs and Black quality checklist was used for article selection. 89.6 percent of the studies analysed were in the health sector. There is a significant correlation between burnout symptoms and physical violence at work. On the one hand, the risk factors that moderate this correlation were of structural/organisational type (social support, quality of the working environment, authoritarian leadership, little autonomy or long working days, etc.) and personal type (age, gender, nationality or academic degree, etc.). On the other hand, protective factors were the quality of the working environment, mutual support networks or coping strategies. The results were analysed in-depth and intervention strategies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Miguel Giménez Lozano
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Juan Pedro Martínez Ramón
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez
- Department of Educational and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
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Huang CY, Lee SH, Wu TJ, Sun YC, Tsai LY. Gender role moderates correlation between learning needs and behavioural intention of sexual health care in female nurses. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2655-2663. [PMID: 33704923 PMCID: PMC8363370 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study evaluated the correlation between learning needs and behavioural intention of sexual health care in female Registered Nurses and to assess the moderating effect of gender role on this relationship. Design In this cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based survey, a convenience sampling of female Registered Nurses was included from Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taiwan. Methods Three questionnaires were used to obtain self‐reported data on learning needs, behavioural intention and gender role. Results Based on gender role scores, 11.8% of participants were feminine, 10.0% were masculine, 31.0% were androgynous and 47.2% were undifferentiated. Significant positive correlations between learning needs and behaviour intention were observed in the total population as well as in undifferentiated, feminine and androgynous nurses (all p < .05). Learning needs were positively associated with the behavioural intention of sexual health care in female nurses, which was moderated by gender role (F = 2.868, p = .036).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsin Lee
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jung Wu
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Sun
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ya Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Occupational gender roles in relation to workplace stress, allostatic load, and mental health of psychiatric hospital workers. J Psychosom Res 2021; 142:110352. [PMID: 33450429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gendered inequalities in workplace stress are linked to sex-specific health trajectories that are poorly understood. Measuring gendered inequalities is challenging but necessary to better explain individual differences in occupational health. The aim of this exploratory, retrospective study was to create a measure of occupational gender-roles and use structural equation models to investigate pathways linking layers of gendered factors to workplace stress, allostatic load, and mental health in a sample of psychiatric hospital workers (N = 192). METHODS Individual-level gender-roles were measured with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory Short-Form. Occupational gender-roles were measured using a novel web-based survey approach. Sex-specific allostatic load indices were constructed using 23 biomarkers (e.g., neuroendocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic). Workplace stress was assessed using the Job Content Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward at Work Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, burnout symptoms with the Maslach Burnout Inventory - General Survey, and trauma symptoms with the PTSD Civilian Checklist. RESULTS Individual-level masculine gender-roles were positively associated with psychological demands (R2 = 0.103) and social support (R2 = 0.078). Masculine and feminine occupational gender-roles were positively associated with decisional latitude (R2 = 0.157) and effort-reward ratio (R2 = 0.058). Both individual masculine and feminine gender-roles had protective effects on depressive symptoms (R2 = 0.289) and burnout symptoms (R2 = 0.306) but only individual masculine gender-roles had protective effects on trauma symptoms (R2 = 0.198). We found no association between occupational gender-roles and mental health and allostatic load. CONCLUSION Beyond individual gender-roles, our study shows the utility of measuring occupational gender-roles to delineate associations between workplace stressors and mental health that should be applied in future studies of sex differences in occupational health.
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