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Ballarin CS, Fontúrbel FE, Rech AR, Oliveira PE, Goés GA, Polizello DS, Oliveira PH, Hachuy-Filho L, Amorim FW. How many animal-pollinated angiosperms are nectar-producing? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:2008-2020. [PMID: 38952269 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The diversity of plant-pollinator interactions is grounded in floral resources, with nectar considered one of the main floral rewards plants produce for pollinators. However, a global evaluation of the number of animal-pollinated nectar-producing angiosperms and their distribution world-wide remains elusive. We compiled a thorough database encompassing 7621 plant species from 322 families to estimate the number and proportion of nectar-producing angiosperms reliant on animal pollination. Through extensive sampling of plant communities, we also explored the interplay between nectar production, floral resource diversity, latitudinal and elevational gradients, contemporary climate, and environmental characteristics. Roughly 223 308 animal-pollinated angiosperms are nectar-producing, accounting for 74.4% of biotic-pollinated species. Global distribution patterns of nectar-producing plants reveal a distinct trend along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, with increased proportions of plants producing nectar in high latitudes and altitudes. Conversely, tropical communities in warm and moist climates exhibit greater floral resource diversity and a lower proportion of nectar-producing plants. These findings suggest that ecological trends driven by climate have fostered the diversification of floral resources in warmer and less seasonal climates, reducing the proportion of solely nectar-producing plants. Our study provides a baseline for understanding plant-pollinator relationships, plant diversification, and the distribution of plant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio S Ballarin
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (IBB - UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, IBB - UNESP, Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Francisco E Fontúrbel
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaíso, CEP 2373223, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life (LiLi), Valdivia, CEP 5090000, Chile
| | - André R Rech
- Programas de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Estudos Rurais e Ciências Florestais, Faculdade Interdisciplinar em Humanidades, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, CEP 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38405302, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Alcarás Goés
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (IBB - UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Laboratório de Restauração Florestal - LERF, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, CEP 18610-034, Brazil
| | - Diego S Polizello
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (IBB - UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, IBB - UNESP, Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Pablo H Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (IBB - UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, IBB - UNESP, Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Leandro Hachuy-Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (IBB - UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, IBB - UNESP, Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Felipe W Amorim
- Laboratório de Ecologia da Polinização e Interações - LEPI, Departamento de Biodiversidade e Bioestatística, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' (IBB - UNESP), Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Vegetal, IBB - UNESP, Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, SP, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, IBB - UNESP, Rua Prof. Dr Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP 18618-689, Brazil
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Wang X, Cai J, Tong M, Shi M, Zhao Z, Li S, Tu T. Heterospecific pollen avoidance strategy prevails in the generalized plant-pollinator network on Yongxing Island. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11123. [PMID: 38444723 PMCID: PMC10912527 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterospecific pollen (HP) deposition varies widely among species in communities, which has been explicated by two adaptation strategies: HP avoidance and HP tolerance. Studies of the plant-pollinator network have uncovered that oceanic island communities are highly generalized and strongly connected. It remains unclear, however, which strategy prevails in such communities. We examined stigma pollen deposition on 29 plant species, and assessed patterns of HP load size and diversity in the Yongxing Island community. We assessed the effects of phenotypic specialization and species-level network structural properties of plant species on pollen deposition among species. The hypothesis of three accrual patterns of HP within species was tested by illustrating the relationship between conspecific pollen (CP) and HP receipt. Extensive variation occurred among species in HP receipt, while 75.9% of species received less than 10% HP and one species received more than 40% HP throughout the community. Flower size strongly drives the variation of HP receipt, while network structural properties had no effect on the pollen receipt. Nineteen species showed no relationship between the number of HP and CP loads, and they received smaller HP load sizes and lower HP proportions. Most plant species evolved HP avoidance strategy, and HP receipt was an occasional event for most plant species in the generalized community. HP and CP receipts are independent of each other in plant species with the HP avoidance mechanism. Our results highlight that plants in the generalized pollination system may preferentially select to minimize the HP load on stigmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang‐Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Jin‐Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
- Gannan Normal UniversityGanzhouChina
| | - Ma‐Yin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Miao‐Miao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhong‐Tao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
| | - Tie‐Yao Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
- South China National Botanical GardenGuangzhouChina
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Fang Q, Zhang T, Montgomery BR. Spatial variation of pollen receipt and effects of heterospecific pollen on seed set in Salvia przewalskii. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9795. [PMID: 36760706 PMCID: PMC9897956 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Generalized pollinators visit multiple co-flowering plant species and may transfer heterospecific pollen grains. Recent studies have indicated that the effect of heterospecific pollen (HP) on reproduction success is variable and depends on the identity of donor and recipient species. However, few studies have documented variation in HP receipt and evaluated the reproductive effects of HP receipt across geographic locations under natural conditions. We investigated the spatial variation of pollen deposition across eight sites and how the pollen receipt related to the seed set of Salvia przewalskii, a subalpine perennial herb in Hengduan Mountain in southwest China. We found that stigmatic pollen loads substantially varied among sites for several metrics, including quantities of conspecific and heterospecific pollen, the proportion of HP, and species composition of HP donors. Five different plant families were the most common HP source at one or two sites, and the proportion of HP ranged from 3.4% to 51.3% across sites. The association of conspecific pollen with seed set was positive and variable among sites, whereas the association of HP receipt and seed set was negative and not significantly different among sites. Our results demonstrate variation in the quantity and fitness effect of pollen receipt across sites, which is a precondition for evolution of local adaptation. Further study of variation in patterns and effects of HP receipt for the same recipient species across natural communities would allow better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of HP receipt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fang
- College of AgricultureHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Tao Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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Iriart V, Baucom RS, Ashman TL. Interspecific variation in resistance and tolerance to herbicide drift reveals potential consequences for plant community co-flowering interactions and structure at the agro-eco interface. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:1015-1028. [PMID: 36415945 PMCID: PMC9851304 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS When plant communities are exposed to herbicide 'drift', wherein particles containing the active ingredient travel off-target, interspecific variation in resistance or tolerance may scale up to affect community dynamics. In turn, these alterations could threaten the diversity and stability of agro-ecosystems. We investigated the effects of herbicide drift on the growth and reproduction of 25 wild plant species to make predictions about the consequences of drift exposure on plant-plant interactions and the broader ecological community. METHODS We exposed potted plants from species that commonly occur in agricultural areas to a drift-level dose of the widely used herbicide dicamba or a control solution in the glasshouse. We evaluated species-level variation in resistance and tolerance for vegetative and floral traits. We assessed community-level impacts of drift by comparing the species evenness and flowering networks of glasshouse synthetic communities comprised of drift-exposed and control plants. KEY RESULTS Species varied significantly in resistance and tolerance to dicamba drift: some were negatively impacted while others showed overcompensatory responses. Species also differed in the way they deployed flowers over time following drift exposure. While drift had negligible effects on community evenness based on vegetative biomass, it caused salient differences in the structure of co-flowering networks within communities. Drift reduced the degree and intensity of flowering overlap among species, altered the composition of groups of species that were more likely to co-flower with each other than with others and shifted species roles (e.g. from dominant to inferior floral producers, and vice versa). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that even low levels of herbicide exposure can significantly alter plant growth and reproduction, particularly flowering phenology. If field-grown plants respond similarly, then these changes would probably impact plant-plant competitive dynamics and potentially plant-pollinator interactions occurring within plant communities at the agro-ecological interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Iriart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Regina S Baucom
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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