1
|
Souto-Veiga R, Groeneveld J, Enright NJ, Fontaine JB, Jeltsch F. Climate change may shift metapopulations towards unstable source-sink dynamics in a fire-killed, serotinous shrub. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11488. [PMID: 38835526 PMCID: PMC11148395 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change, with warming and drying weather conditions, is reducing the growth, seed production, and survival of fire-adapted plants in fire-prone regions such as Mediterranean-type ecosystems. These effects of climate change on local plant demographics have recently been shown to reduce the persistence time of local populations of the fire-killed shrub Banksia hookeriana dramatically. In principle, extinctions of local populations may be partly compensated by recolonization events through long-distance dispersal mechanisms of seeds, such as post-fire wind and bird-mediated dispersal, facilitating persistence in spatially structured metapopulations. However, to what degree and under which assumptions metapopulation dynamics might compensate for the drastically increased local extinction risk remains to be explored. Given the long timespans involved and the complexity of interwoven local and regional processes, mechanistic, process-based models are one of the most suitable approaches to systematically explore the potential role of metapopulation dynamics and its underlying ecological assumptions for fire-prone ecosystems. Here we extend a recent mechanistic, process-based, spatially implicit population model for the well-studied fire-killed and serotinous shrub species B. hookeriana to a spatially explicit metapopulation model. We systematically tested the effects of different ecological processes and assumptions on metapopulation dynamics under past (1988-2002) and current (2003-2017) climatic conditions, including (i) effects of different spatio-temporal fires, (ii) effects of (likely) reduced intraspecific plant competition under current conditions and (iii) effects of variation in plant performance among and within patches. In general, metapopulation dynamics had the potential to increase the overall regional persistence of B. hookeriana. However, increased population persistence only occurred under specific optimistic assumptions. In both climate scenarios, the highest persistence occurred with larger fires and intermediate to long inter-fire intervals. The assumption of lower intraspecific plant competition caused by lower densities under current conditions alone was not sufficient to increase persistence significantly. To achieve long-term persistence (defined as >400 years) it was necessary to additionally consider empirically observed variation in plant performance among and within patches, that is, improved habitat quality in some large habitat patches (≥7) that could function as source patches and a higher survival rate and seed production for a subset of plants, specifically the top 25% of flower producers based on current climate conditions monitoring data. Our model results demonstrate that the impacts of ongoing climate change on plant demographics are so severe that even under optimistic assumptions, the existing metapopulation dynamics shift to an unstable source-sink dynamic state. Based on our findings, we recommend increased research efforts to understand the consequences of intraspecific trait variation on plant demographics, emphasizing the variation of individual traits both among and within populations. From a conservation perspective, we encourage fire and land managers to revise their prescribed fire plans, which are typically short interval, small fires, as they conflict with the ecologically appropriate spatio-temporal fire regime for B. hookeriana, and likely as well for many other fire-killed species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Souto-Veiga
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
- Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, Ecological Modeling Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Juergen Groeneveld
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Neal J Enright
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Joseph B Fontaine
- School of Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch Western Australia Australia
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roncallo PF, Larsen AO, Achilli AL, Pierre CS, Gallo CA, Dreisigacker S, Echenique V. Linkage disequilibrium patterns, population structure and diversity analysis in a worldwide durum wheat collection including Argentinian genotypes. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:233. [PMID: 33820546 PMCID: PMC8022437 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf. Husn) is the main staple crop used to make pasta products worldwide. Under the current climate change scenarios, genetic variability within a crop plays a crucial role in the successful release of new varieties with high yields and wide crop adaptation. In this study we evaluated a durum wheat collection consisting of 197 genotypes that mainly comprised a historical set of Argentinian germplasm but also included worldwide accessions. Results We assessed the genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) patterns in this collection using a 35 K SNP array. The level of polymorphism was considered, taking account of the frequent and rare allelic variants. A total of 1547 polymorphic SNPs was located within annotated genes. Genetic diversity in the germplasm collection increased slightly from 1915 to 2010. However, a reduction in genetic diversity using SNPs with rare allelic variants was observed after 1979. However, larger numbers of rare private alleles were observed in the 2000–2009 period, indicating that a high reservoir of rare alleles is still present among the recent germplasm in a very low frequency. The percentage of pairwise loci in LD in the durum genome was low (13.4%) in our collection. Overall LD and the high (r2 > 0.7) or complete (r2 = 1) LD presented different patterns in the chromosomes. The LD increased over three main breeding periods (1915–1979, 1980–1999 and 2000–2020). Conclusions Our results suggest that breeding and selection have impacted differently on the A and B genomes, particularly on chromosome 6A and 2A. The collection was structured in five sub-populations and modern Argentinian accessions (cluster Q4) which were clearly differentiated. Our study contributes to the understanding of the complexity of Argentinian durum wheat germplasm and to derive future breeding strategies enhancing the use of genetic diversity in a more efficient and targeted way. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07519-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Federico Roncallo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Adelina Olga Larsen
- CEI Barrow, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Tres Arroyos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Laura Achilli
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Carolina Saint Pierre
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Cristian Andrés Gallo
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Susanne Dreisigacker
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batán, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Viviana Echenique
- Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida (CERZOS), Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gelmi‐Candusso TA, Bialozyt R, Slana D, Zárate Gómez R, Heymann EW, Heer K. Estimating seed dispersal distance: A comparison of methods using animal movement and plant genetic data on two primate-dispersed Neotropical plant species. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8965-8977. [PMID: 31462995 PMCID: PMC6706201 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dispersal distance (SDD) critically influences the survival of seedlings, spatial patterns of genetic diversity within plant populations, and gene flow among plant populations. In animal-dispersed species, foraging behavior and movement patterns determine SDD. Direct observations of seed dispersal events by animals in natural plant populations are mostly constrained by the high mobility and low visibility of seed dispersers. Therefore, diverse alternative methods are used to estimate seed dispersal distance, but direct comparisons of these approaches within the same seed dispersal system are mostly missing.We investigated two plant species with different life history traits, Leonia cymosa and Parkia panurensis, exclusively dispersed by two tamarin species, Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons. We compared SDD estimates obtained from direct observations, genetic identification of mother plants from seed coats, parentage analysis of seedlings/saplings, and phenomenological and mechanistic modeling approaches.SDD derived from the different methods ranged between 158 and 201 m for P. panurensis and between 178 and 318 m for L. cymosa. In P. panurensis, the modeling approaches resulted in moderately higher estimates than observations and genotyping of seed coats. In L. cymosa, parentage analysis resulted in a lower estimate than all other methods. Overall, SDD estimates for P. panurensis (179 ± 16 m; mean ± SD) were significantly lower than for L. cymosa (266 ± 59 m; mean ± SD).Differences among methods were related to processes of the seed dispersal loop integrated by the respective methods (e.g., seed deposition or seedling distribution). We discuss the merits and limitations of each method and highlight the aspects to be considered when comparing SDD derived from different methodologies. Differences among plant species were related to differences in reproductive traits influencing gut passage time and feeding behavior, highlighting the importance of plant traits on animal-mediated seed dispersal distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana A. Gelmi‐Candusso
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Ronald Bialozyt
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Present address:
Nordwestdeutsche Forstliche VersuchsanstaltGöttingenGermany
| | - Darja Slana
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Verhaltensökologie & SoziobiologieDeutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für PrimatenforschungGöttingenGermany
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation BiologyPhillips‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bekku YS, Kurokochi H, Matsuki Y, Nishi N, Lian C. Genetic structure of
Pinus parviflora
on Mt. Fuji in relation to the hoarding behavior of the Japanese nutcracker. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sakata Bekku
- Department of Teacher Education Tsuru University 3‐8‐1 Tahara Tsuru Yamanashi 402‐8555 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kurokochi
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo 1‐1‐8, Midori‐cho Nishitokyo Tokyo 188‐0002 Japan
| | - Yu Matsuki
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo 1‐1‐8, Midori‐cho Nishitokyo Tokyo 188‐0002 Japan
| | - Norio Nishi
- Department of Teacher Education Tsuru University 3‐8‐1 Tahara Tsuru Yamanashi 402‐8555 Japan
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Asian Natural Environmental Science Center The University of Tokyo 1‐1‐8, Midori‐cho Nishitokyo Tokyo 188‐0002 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fowler WM, Deng X, Lamont BB, He T. Resprouters, assisted by somatic mutations, are as genetically diverse as nonsprouters in the world's fire-prone ecosystems. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
6
|
Palermo AM, Bernardo L, Gargano D, Pellegrino G. Footprint of the eastern euroasian past in Italian populations of Cryptotaenia thomasii (Ten.) DC. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:1. [PMID: 28510184 PMCID: PMC5432904 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-016-0155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The knowledge of the genetic architecture of closely related species and/or populations of a single species can be very useful to shed light on the processes that led to their current distributions. The present study provides a preliminary evaluation of the conservation status of the populations of Cryptotaenia thomasii, a very narrow endemic species occurring in southern Italy. Previous studies showed that C. thomasii was phylogenetically closely related to C. flahaultii, endemic species of Caucasus, and to evaluate its conservation status and the genetic variability of plant species the internal transcribed spacers (ITSs) of nuclear ribosomal DNA were sequenced and the SNPs were analyzed. RESULTS The restriction analysis of nrDNA with the restriction enzymes allowed to detect the presence of two single mutations (SNPs) among the sequences of two species. Our molecular analysis pointed out that C. thomasii and C. flahaultii, in spite of their geographical disjunction, show a sign of an ancient contact as an extreme case of geographical disjunction Italian-Caucasus. CONCLUSION From the evolutionary history of the species and its distribution pattern one can reconstruct a possible scenario with some hypotheses that explain the hypothetical ancestral area where the two species were in contact. We speculate the two species may have originated from fragmentation of a common ancestor widespread in the Western Palearctic zone and have survived in two separated refuge areas limited by important mountain systems. This hypothesis is supported by our molecular analysis, in fact, the analysis of SNPs showed that some C. thomasii populations retain the signs of an ancient link with C. flahaultii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Palermo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences DiBEST, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS Italy
| | - Liliana Bernardo
- Museum and Botanic Garden, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Gargano
- Museum and Botanic Garden, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pellegrino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences DiBEST, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
D'Agui H, Fowler W, Lim SL, Enright N, He T. Phenotypic variation and differentiated gene expression of Australian plants in response to declining rainfall. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160637. [PMID: 28018654 PMCID: PMC5180152 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Declining rainfall is projected to have negative impacts on the demographic performance of plant species. Little is known about the adaptive capacity of species to respond to drying climates, and whether adaptation can keep pace with climate change. In fire-prone ecosystems, episodic recruitment of perennial plant species in the first year post-fire imposes a specific selection environment, offering a unique opportunity to quantify the scope for adaptive response to climate change. We examined the growth of seedlings of four fire-killed species under control and drought conditions for seeds from populations established in years following fire receiving average-to-above-average winter rainfall, or well-below-average winter rainfall. We show that offspring of plants that had established under drought had more efficient water uptake, and/or stored more water per unit biomass, or developed denser leaves, and all maintained higher survival in simulated drought than did offspring of plants established in average annual rainfall years. Adaptive phenotypic responses were not consistent across all traits and species, while plants that had established under severe drought or established in years with average-to-above-average rainfall had an overall different physiological response when growing either with or without water constraints. Seedlings descended from plants established under severe drought also had elevated gene expression in key pathways relating to stress response. Our results demonstrate the capacity for rapid adaptation to climate change through phenotypic variation and regulation of gene expression. However, effective and rapid adaptation to climate change may vary among species depending on their capacity to maintain robust populations under multiple stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haylee D'Agui
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - William Fowler
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Sim Lin Lim
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Neal Enright
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Tianhua He
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He T, D’Agui H, Lim SL, Enright NJ, Luo Y. Evolutionary potential and adaptation of Banksia attenuata (Proteaceae) to climate and fire regime in southwestern Australia, a global biodiversity hotspot. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26315. [PMID: 27210077 PMCID: PMC4876319 DOI: 10.1038/srep26315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial climate changes are evident across Australia, with declining rainfall and rising temperature in conjunction with frequent fires. Considerable species loss and range contractions have been predicted; however, our understanding of how genetic variation may promote adaptation in response to climate change remains uncertain. Here we characterized candidate genes associated with rainfall gradients, temperatures, and fire intervals through environmental association analysis. We found that overall population adaptive genetic variation was significantly affected by shortened fire intervals, whereas declining rainfall and rising temperature did not have a detectable influence. Candidate SNPs associated with rainfall and high temperature were diverse, whereas SNPs associated with specific fire intervals were mainly fixed in one allele. Gene annotation further revealed four genes with functions in stress tolerance, the regulation of stomatal opening and closure, energy use, and morphogenesis with adaptation to climate and fire intervals. B. attenuata may tolerate further changes in rainfall and temperature through evolutionary adaptations based on their adaptive genetic variation. However, the capacity to survive future climate change may be compromised by changes in the fire regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianhua He
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Haylee D’Agui
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Sim Lin Lim
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Neal J. Enright
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kendrick GA, Orth RJ, Statton J, Hovey R, Ruiz Montoya L, Lowe RJ, Krauss SL, Sinclair EA. Demographic and genetic connectivity: the role and consequences of reproduction, dispersal and recruitment in seagrasses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:921-938. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary A. Kendrick
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Robert J. Orth
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science; College of William and Mary; Gloucester Point VA 23062 U.S.A
| | - John Statton
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Renae Hovey
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Leonardo Ruiz Montoya
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Ryan J. Lowe
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- School of Earth and Environment; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies; James Cook University Townsville; Queensland 4811 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
| | - Elizabeth A. Sinclair
- School of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- UWA Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden; West Perth Western Australia 6005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Frick KM, Ritchie AL, Krauss SL. Field of Dreams: Restitution of Pollinator Services in Restored Bird-Pollinated Plant Populations. Restor Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Frick
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Alison L. Ritchie
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Science Directorate, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority; Kings Park and Botanic Garden; Fraser Avenue West Perth 6005 Australia
- School of Plant Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley 6005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Falahati-Anbaran M, Lundemo S, Ansell SW, Stenøien HK. Contrasting patterns of genetic structuring in natural populations of Arabidopsis lyrata Subsp. petraea across different regions in northern Europe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107479. [PMID: 25226024 PMCID: PMC4166467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Level and partitioning of genetic diversity is expected to vary between contrasting habitats, reflecting differences in strength of ecological and evolutionary processes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider processes acting on different time scales when trying to explain diversity patterns in different parts of species' distributions. To explore how historical and contemporary factors jointly may influence patterns of genetic diversity and population differentiation, we compared genetic composition in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata ssp. petraea from the northernmost parts of its distribution range on Iceland to that previously documented in Scandinavia. Leaf tissue and soil were sampled from ten Icelandic populations of A. lyrata. Seedlings were grown from soil samples, and tissue from above-ground and seed bank individuals were genotyped with 21 microsatellite markers. Seed bank density in Icelandic populations was low but not significantly different from that observed in Norwegian populations. While within-population genetic diversity was relatively high on Iceland (H(E) = 0.35), among-population differentiation was low (F(ST) = 0.10) compared to Norwegian and Swedish populations. Population differentiation was positively associated with geographical distance in both Iceland and Scandinavia, but the strength of this relationship varied between regions. Although topography and a larger distribution range may explain the higher differentiation between mountainous Norwegian relative to lowland populations in Sweden, these factors cannot explain the lower differentiation in Icelandic compared to Swedish populations. We propose that low genetic differentiation among Icelandic populations is not caused by differences in connectivity, but is rather due to large historical effective population sizes. Thus, rather than contemporary processes, historical factors such as survival of Icelandic lineages in northern refugia during the last glacial period may have contributed to the observed pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sverre Lundemo
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Ecology and Genetics, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen W Ansell
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hans K Stenøien
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
He T. Structural equation modelling analysis of evolutionary and ecological patterns in Australian Banksia. POPUL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0376-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Merwin L, He T, Lamont BB, Enright NJ, Krauss SL. Low rate of between-population seed dispersal restricts genetic connectivity and metapopulation dynamics in a clonal shrub. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50974. [PMID: 23209839 PMCID: PMC3510159 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal species normally have low seed production, low recruitment rates and long lifespans, and it is expected that the rates of long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds will be low as well. Banksia candolleana is a clonal shrub in Mediterranean-type, fire-prone sclerophyll shrublands of southwestern Australia, whose reproductive biology and population dynamics contrast with those of co-occurring nonclonal congeneric species, all of which are restricted to a mosaic of sand dunes set within a matrix of inhospitable swales. Using microsatellite markers, we genotyped 499 plants in all 15 populations of B. candolleana within a 12-km(2) area, assessed population genetic differentiation, and quantified the effective rate of interpopulation seed dispersal through genetic assignment of individuals to populations. We measured life history, reproductive and demographic attributes, and compared these with two co-occurring Banksia species, a non-clonal resprouter and a nonsprouter. B. candolleana has much higher levels of population genetic differentiation, and one-third the rate of interpopulation seed migration, as the other two species (2.2% vs 5.5-6.8% of genotyped plants inferred to be immigrants), though distances reached by LDD are comparable (0.3-2.3 km). The low rate of interpopulation dispersal was supported by an analysis of the age structure of three populations that suggests a mean interdune migration rate of <800 m in 200 years, and 60% of suitable dunes remain uninhabited. Thus, B. candolleana has poor properties for promoting long-distance dispersal. It is unclear if these are idiosyncratic to this species or whether such properties are to be expected of clonal species in general where LDD is less critical for species survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Merwin
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tianhua He
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Byron B. Lamont
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Neal J. Enright
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Siegfried L. Krauss
- Kings Park and Botanic Garden, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Heslop-Harrison JSP. Genes in evolution: the control of diversity and speciation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2010; 106:437-8. [PMID: 20729371 PMCID: PMC2924838 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcq168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
|