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Xiao S, Li D, Tang Z, Wei H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhao C, Liu Y, Wang W. Supplementary UV-B Radiation Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Important Secondary Metabolites in Eucommia ulmoides Leaves. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098168. [PMID: 37175879 PMCID: PMC10178938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of ultraviolet light supplementation on the photosynthetic characteristics and content of secondary metabolites in the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (E. ulmoides), the effects of supplementary UV-B (sUV-B) radiation on the medicinally active components of E. ulmoides were comprehensively evaluated. In our study, we selected leaves of five-year-old E. ulmoides seedlings as experimental materials and studied the effect of supplemental ultraviolet-B (sUV-B) radiation on growth, photosynthetic parameters, photosynthetic pigments, fluorescence parameters, and secondary metabolites of E. ulmoides using multivariate analysis. The results showed that the leaf area and the number of branches increased after sUV-B radiation, which indicated that sUV-B radiation was beneficial to the growth of E. ulmoides. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b increased by 2.25% and 4.25%, respectively; the net photosynthetic rate increased by 5.17%; the transpiration rate decreased by 35.32%; the actual photosynthetic efficiency increased by 10.64%; the content of the secondary metabolite genipin increased by 12.9%; and the content of chlorogenic acid increased by 75.03%. To identify the genes that may be related to the effects of sUV-B radiation on the growth and development of E. ulmoides leaves and important secondary metabolites, six cDNA libraries were prepared from natural sunlight radiation and sUV-B radiation in E. ulmoides leaves. Comparative analysis of both transcriptome databases revealed a total of 3698 differential expression genes (DEGs), including 1826 up-regulated and 1872 down-regulated genes. According to the KOG database, the up-regulated unigenes were mainly involved in signal transduction mechanisms [T] and cell wall/membrane biogenesis [M]. It is also involved in plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis metabolic pathways by the KEGG pathway, which might further affect the physiological indices and the content of chlorogenic acid, a secondary metabolite of E. ulmoides. Furthermore, 10 candidate unigenes were randomly selected to examine gene expression using qRT-PCR, and the six libraries exhibited differential expression and were identical to those obtained by sequencing. Thus, the data in this study were helpful in clarifying the reasons for leaf growth after sUV-B radiation. And it was beneficial to improve the active components and utilization rate of E. ulmoides after sUV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiu Xiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dewen Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongling Wei
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunjian Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-Preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Institute of Advance Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Bryophyte ultraviolet-omics: from genes to the environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4412-4426. [PMID: 35274697 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has contributed to the evolution of organisms since the origins of life. Bryophytes also have evolutionary importance as the first clearly identified lineage of land plants (embryophytes) colonizing the terrestrial environment, thus facing high UV and water scarcity, among other new challenges. Here we review bryophyte UV-omics, the discipline relating bryophytes and UV, with an integrative perspective from genes to the environment. We consider species and habitats investigated, methodology, response variables, protection mechanisms, environmental interactions, UV biomonitoring, molecular and evolutionary aspects, and applications. Bryophyte UV-omics shows convergences and divergences with the UV-omics of other photosynthetic organisms, from algae to tracheophytes. All these organisms converge in that UV damage may be limited under realistic UV levels, due to structural protection and/or physiological acclimation capacity. Nevertheless, bryophytes diverge because they have a unique combination of vegetative and reproductive characteristics to cope with high UV and other concomitant adverse processes, such as desiccation. This interaction has both evolutionary and ecological implications. In addition, UV effects on bryophytes depend on the species and the evolutionary lineage considered, with mosses more UV-tolerant than liverworts. Thus, bryophytes do not constitute a homogeneous functional type with respect to their UV tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain
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3
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Jansen MAK, Ač A, Klem K, Urban O. A meta-analysis of the interactive effects of UV and drought on plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:41-54. [PMID: 34778989 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between climate change and UV penetration in the biosphere are resulting in the exposure of plants to new combinations of UV radiation and drought. In theory, the impacts of combinations of UV and drought may be additive, synergistic or antagonistic. Lack of understanding of the impacts of combined treatments creates substantial uncertainties that hamper predictions of future ecological change. Here, we compiled information from 52 publications and analysed the relative impacts of UV and/or drought. Both UV and drought have substantial negative effects on biomass accumulation, plant height, photosynthesis, leaf area and stomatal conductance and transpiration, while increasing stress-associated symptoms such as MDA accumulation and reactive-oxygen-species content. Contents of proline, flavonoids, antioxidants and anthocyanins, associated with plant acclimation, are upregulated both under enhanced UV and drought. In plants exposed to both UV and drought, increases in plant defense responses are less-than-additive, and so are the damage and growth retardation. Less-than-additive effects were observed across field, glasshouse and growth-chamber studies, indicating similar physiological response mechanisms. Induction of a degree of cross-resistance seems the most likely interpretation of the observed less-than-additive responses. The data show that in future climates, the impacts of increases in drought exposure may be lessened by naturally high UV regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A K Jansen
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alexander Ač
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Klem
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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Byun MY, Seo S, Lee J, Yoo YH, Lee H. Transfection of Arctic Bryum sp. KMR5045 as a Model for Genetic Engineering of Cold-Tolerant Mosses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:609847. [PMID: 33584753 PMCID: PMC7873996 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.609847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mosses number about 13,000 species and are an important resource for the study of the plant evolution that occurred during terrestrial colonization by plants. Recently, the physiological and metabolic characteristics that distinguish mosses from terrestrial plants have received attention. In the Arctic, in particular, mosses developed their own distinct physiological features to adapt to the harsh environment. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which Arctic mosses survive in extreme environments due to the lack of basic knowledge and tools such as genome sequences and genetic transfection methods. In this study, we report the axenic cultivation and transfection of Arctic Bryum sp. KMR5045, as a model for bioengineering of Arctic mosses. We also found that the inherent low-temperature tolerance of KMR5045 permitted it to maintain slow growth even at 2°C, while the model moss species Physcomitrium patens failed to grow at all, implying that KMR5045 is suitable for studies of cold-tolerance mechanisms. To achieve genetic transfection of KMR5045, some steps of the existing protocol for P. patens were modified. First, protoplasts were isolated using 1% driselase solution. Second, the appropriate antibiotic was identified and its concentration was optimized for the selection of transfectants. Third, the cell regeneration period before transfer to selection medium was extended to 9 days. As a result, KMR5045 transfectants were successfully obtained and confirmed transfection by detection of intracellular Citrine fluorescence derived from expression of a pAct5:Citrine transgene construct. This is the first report regarding the establishment of a genetic transfection method for an Arctic moss species belonging to the Bryaceae. The results of this study will contribute to understanding the function of genes involved in environmental adaptation and to application for production of useful metabolites derived from stress-tolerant mosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Young Byun
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Suyeon Seo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yo-Han Yoo
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
- Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, South Korea
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The Effect of UV-C Stimulation of Potato Tubers and Soaking of Potato Strips in Water on Color and Analyzed Color by CIE L*a*b*. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The color of French fries is an organoleptic attribute indicative of this product quality and also a reliable indicator of its safety. The darker the product color, the higher its acrylamide concentration. Acrylamide is an organic compound of the amide group showing neurotoxic and potential mutagenic actions in the human body. The content of acrylamide in fried potato products essentially depends on the contents of reducing sugars in intermediates of French fries’ production. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of UV-C irradiation and the soaking of potato strips in water on French fries’ color. The study was conducted on French fries obtained from tubers of the Innovator variety. The study was performed with the use of a special chamber for UV-C irradiation of biological samples and the CIE L*a*b* model for color analysis. The results of the study demonstrated that UV-C stimulation of potato tubers before processing had a beneficial effect on French fries’ color while the blanching of potato strips and soaking in water at a temperature of 40 °C resulted in the production of French fries lighter in color.
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Soriano G, Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Núñez-Olivera E, Martínez-Abaigar J. Acclimation of Bryophytes to Sun Conditions, in Comparison to Shade Conditions, Is Influenced by Both Photosynthetic and Ultraviolet Radiations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:998. [PMID: 31428117 PMCID: PMC6689964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We studied the acclimation modalities of bryophytes to sun and shade under ambient or close-to-ambient conditions, measuring variables usually influenced by photosynthetically active (PAR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiations. Our aim was to elucidate to what extent the responses to changing radiations were influenced by PAR and UV wavelengths. For this aim, we used three taxonomically and structurally different species: the thalloid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. polymorpha, the leafy liverwort Jungermannia exsertifolia subsp. cordifolia, and the moss Fontinalis antipyretica. In the field, liverworts were more radiation-responsive than the moss, and the thalloid liverwort was more responsive than the leafy liverwort. Sun plants of M. polymorpha showed, in comparison to shade plants, higher sclerophylly, lower Chl a + b contents, higher Chl a/b ratios, higher (antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin)/(violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin) ratios (xanthophyll index), lower F v/F m values, higher contents of methanol-soluble vacuolar UV-absorbing compounds (soluble UVACs), higher values of the ratio between the contents of methanol-insoluble cell wall-bound UVACs (insoluble UVACs) and soluble UVACs, higher contents of soluble luteolin and apigenin derivatives and riccionidin A, and higher contents of insoluble p-coumaric and ferulic acids. Overall, these responses reduced light absorption, alleviated overexcitation, increased photoprotection through non-photochemical energy dissipation, increased UV protection through UV screening and antioxidant capacity, and denoted photoinhibition. J. exsertifolia showed moderate differences between sun and shade plants, while responses of F. antipyretica were rather diffuse. The increase in the xanthophyll index was the most consistent response to sun conditions, occurring in the three species studied. The responses of soluble UVACs were generally clearer than those of insoluble UVACs, probably because insoluble UVACs are relatively immobilized in the cell wall. These modalities of radiation acclimation were reliably summarized by principal components analysis. Using the most radiation-responsive species in the field (M. polymorpha), we found, under close-to-ambient greenhouse conditions, that sclerophylly and Chl a + b content were only influenced by PAR, F v/F m, and luteolin and apigenin derivatives were only determined by UV, and xanthophyll index was influenced by both radiation types. Thus, responses of bryophytes to radiation can be better interpreted considering the influence of both PAR and UV radiation.
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Münzbergová Z, Haisel D. Effects of polyploidization on the contents of photosynthetic pigments are largely population-specific. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:289-299. [PMID: 30413987 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contents of photosynthetic pigments are an important indicator of many processes taking place in the plant body. Still, however, our knowledge of the effects of polyploidization, a major driver of speciation in vascular plants, on the contents of photosynthetic pigments is very sparse. We compared the contents of photosynthetic pigments among natural diploids, natural tetraploids, and synthetic tetraploids. The material originated from four natural mixed-cytotype populations of diploid and autotetraploid Vicia cracca (Fabaceae) occurring in the contact zone between the cytotypes in Central Europe and was cultivated under uniform conditions. We explored whether the contents of pigments are primarily driven by polyploidization or by subsequent evolution of the polyploid lineage and whether the patterns differ between populations. We also explored the relationship between pigment contents and plant performance. We found very few significant effects of the cytotype on the individual pigments but many significant interactions between the cytotype and the population. In pair-wise comparisons, many comparisons were not significant. The prevailing pattern among the significant once was that the contents of pigments were determined by polyploidization rather than by subsequent evolution of the polyploid lineage. The contents of the pigments turned out to be a useful predictor of plant performance not only at the time of material collection, but also at the end of the growing season. Further studies exploring differences in the contents of photosynthetic pigments in different cytotypes using replicated populations and assessing their relationship to plant performance are needed to assess the generality of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Münzbergová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Haisel
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
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Soriano G, Del-Castillo-Alonso MÁ, Monforte L, Tomás-Las-Heras R, Martínez-Abaigar J, Núñez-Olivera E. Photosynthetically-active radiation, UV-A and UV-B, causes both common and specific damage and photoprotective responses in the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:400-412. [PMID: 30608105 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00421h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of different radiation treatments on the physiology and UV-absorbing compounds of the model liverwort Marchantia polymorpha subsp. ruderalis. Starting from gemmae, samples were exposed to five radiation treatments: low photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), low PAR+ UV-A, low PAR + UV-B, low PAR + UV-A + UV-B, and high PAR. After 35 days, the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II was similar between treatments, which suggested comparable photoinhibition and physiological vitality, also supported by results showing an unchanged chlorophyll a/b ratio and only slight changes in growth. However, the total contents of both chlorophylls and carotenoids decreased in the UV radiation treatments and, more strongly, in the high-PAR samples, suggesting mainly PAR-dependent damage to the photosynthetic pigments. The xanthophyll index (antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin)/(violaxanthin + antheraxanthin + zeaxanthin) was only increased in the high-PAR samples, indicating an increase in photoprotection through nonphotochemical dissipation of the excess energy. The sclerophylly index (the ratio between the thallus dry mass and surface area) was increased in the UV-B-exposed samples, suggesting a UV-induced structural protection. Only the UV-B-exposed samples showed DNA damage. Several apigenin and luteolin derivatives were found in the methanol-soluble vacuolar fraction of the liverwort and p-coumaric and ferulic acids in the methanol-insoluble cell wall-bound fraction. Most individual soluble compounds, the bulk level of soluble compounds, and chalcone synthase expression increased in UV-B-exposed samples, whereas individual insoluble compounds increased in the samples exposed to only PAR. Principal components analysis summarized these responses, showing the strong influence of both UV-B and PAR levels on the physiology and UV protection of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Soriano
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño (La Rioja), 26006, Spain
| | | | - Laura Monforte
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño (La Rioja), 26006, Spain
| | - Rafael Tomás-Las-Heras
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño (La Rioja), 26006, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Abaigar
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño (La Rioja), 26006, Spain
| | - Encarnación Núñez-Olivera
- Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño (La Rioja), 26006, Spain.
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Huwe B, Fiedler A, Moritz S, Rabbow E, de Vera JP, Joshi J. Mosses in Low Earth Orbit: Implications for the Limits of Life and the Habitability of Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:221-232. [PMID: 30742499 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a part of the European Space Agency mission "EXPOSE-R2" on the International Space Station (ISS), the BIOMEX (Biology and Mars Experiment) experiment investigates the habitability of Mars and the limits of life. In preparation for the mission, experimental verification tests and scientific verification tests simulating different combinations of abiotic space- and Mars-like conditions were performed to analyze the resistance of a range of model organisms. The simulated abiotic space- and Mars-stressors were extreme temperatures, vacuum, and Mars-like surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in different atmospheres. We present for the first time simulated space exposure data of mosses using plantlets of the bryophyte genus Grimmia, which is adapted to high altitudinal extreme abiotic conditions at the Swiss Alps. Our preflight tests showed that severe UVR200-400nm irradiation with the maximal dose of 5 and 6.8 × 105 kJ·m-2, respectively, was the only stressor with a negative impact on the vitality with a 37% (terrestrial atmosphere) or 36% reduction (space- and Mars-like atmospheres) in photosynthetic activity. With every exposure to UVR200-400nm 105 kJ·m-2, the vitality of the bryophytes dropped by 6%. No effect was found, however, by any other stressor. As the mosses were still vital after doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) expected during the EXPOSE-R2 mission on ISS, we show that this earliest extant lineage of land plants is highly resistant to extreme abiotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Huwe
- 1 Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annelie Fiedler
- 1 Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sophie Moritz
- 1 Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Elke Rabbow
- 2 Radiation Biology, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean Pierre de Vera
- 3 Astrobiological Laboratories, Management and Infrastructure, Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jasmin Joshi
- 1 Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- 4 Institute for Landscape and Open Space, Hochschule für Technik HSR Rapperswil, Rapperswil, Switzerland
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Hui R, Jia R, Zhao Y, Song G, Gao Y. Comparative physiological responses of Microcoleus vaginatus and Bryum argenteum to enhanced UV-B radiation under field conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:262-274. [PMID: 32172769 DOI: 10.1071/fp18193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
UV-B radiation is an important environmental factor affecting the composition and function of biological soil crusts (BSCs). The aim of this study was to compare the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on BSCs from Tengger Desert, north-western China, which are dominated by the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus Gom. and moss Bryum argenteum Hedw. The BSCs were exposed to four UV-B supplemental treatments, including 2.75 (control), 3.08, 3.25, and 3.41Wm-2, for 40 days under field condition. In both the studied organisms, UV-B radiation significantly affected the physiological properties (total flavonoids, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, and proline contents). While marginally enhanced UV-B radiation for a short period favoured the growth of M. vaginatus and B. argenteum, excessively high and prolonged UV-B radiation suppressed the physiological properties of the two organisms. Moreover, response index revealed that UV-B radiation had more detrimental effects on B. argenteum, suggesting that B. argenteum is more sensitive to UV-B radiation than M. vaginatus. The findings of this study could help to predict and evaluate the possible changes in the structure and function of desert ecosystems, based on the variation in physiological responses of M. vaginatus and B. argenteum to enhanced UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hui
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Rongliang Jia
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Guang Song
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Monforte L, Soriano G, Núñez‐Olivera E, Martínez‐Abaigar J. Cell compartmentation of ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds: An underexplored tool related to bryophyte ecology, phylogeny and evolution. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Monforte
- Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad de La Rioja Logroño Spain
| | - Gonzalo Soriano
- Facultad de Ciencia y TecnologíaUniversidad de La Rioja Logroño Spain
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12
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Ochoa-Hueso R, Munzi S, Alonso R, Arróniz-Crespo M, Avila A, Bermejo V, Bobbink R, Branquinho C, Concostrina-Zubiri L, Cruz C, Cruz de Carvalho R, De Marco A, Dias T, Elustondo D, Elvira S, Estébanez B, Fusaro L, Gerosa G, Izquieta-Rojano S, Lo Cascio M, Marzuoli R, Matos P, Mereu S, Merino J, Morillas L, Nunes A, Paoletti E, Paoli L, Pinho P, Rogers IB, Santos A, Sicard P, Stevens CJ, Theobald MR. Ecological impacts of atmospheric pollution and interactions with climate change in terrestrial ecosystems of the Mediterranean Basin: Current research and future directions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 227:194-206. [PMID: 28460237 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean Basin ecosystems, their unique biodiversity, and the key services they provide are currently at risk due to air pollution and climate change, yet only a limited number of isolated and geographically-restricted studies have addressed this topic, often with contrasting results. Particularities of air pollution in this region include high O3 levels due to high air temperatures and solar radiation, the stability of air masses, and dominance of dry over wet nitrogen deposition. Moreover, the unique abiotic and biotic factors (e.g., climate, vegetation type, relevance of Saharan dust inputs) modulating the response of Mediterranean ecosystems at various spatiotemporal scales make it difficult to understand, and thus predict, the consequences of human activities that cause air pollution in the Mediterranean Basin. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement coordinated research and experimental platforms along with wider environmental monitoring networks in the region. In particular, a robust deposition monitoring network in conjunction with modelling estimates is crucial, possibly including a set of common biomonitors (ideally cryptogams, an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation), to help refine pollutant deposition maps. Additionally, increased attention must be paid to functional diversity measures in future air pollution and climate change studies to establish the necessary link between biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean ecosystems. Through a coordinated effort, the Mediterranean scientific community can fill the above-mentioned gaps and reach a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the combined effects of air pollution and climate change in the Mediterranean Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Ochoa-Hueso
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Department of Ecology, 2 Darwin Street, Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Silvana Munzi
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rocío Alonso
- Air Pollution Division, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - María Arróniz-Crespo
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Avila
- Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Victoria Bermejo
- Air Pollution Division, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Roland Bobbink
- B-WARE Research Centre, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Branquinho
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Laura Concostrina-Zubiri
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Cruz
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Cruz de Carvalho
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Teresa Dias
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Elustondo
- LICA, Department of Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Navarre, Irunlarrea, 1-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Elvira
- Air Pollution Division, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70), Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Belén Estébanez
- Departamento de Biología, Unidad de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/ Darwin 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Fusaro
- Dept. of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gerosa
- Dept. of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University of Brescia, Via dei Musei 41, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sheila Izquieta-Rojano
- LICA, Department of Chemistry and Soil Science, University of Navarre, Irunlarrea, 1-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mauro Lo Cascio
- Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Via Enrico De Nicola 1, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marzuoli
- Dept. of Mathematics and Physics, Catholic University of Brescia, Via dei Musei 41, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paula Matos
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simone Mereu
- Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Via Enrico De Nicola 1, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - José Merino
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lourdes Morillas
- Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Via Enrico De Nicola 1, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alice Nunes
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Paoletti
- IPSP-CNR, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Paoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Pedro Pinho
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal; CERENA-IST-UL, Centro de Recursos Naturais e Ambiente, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel B Rogers
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Arthur Santos
- cE3c Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C2, Piso 5, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ACRI-ST, 260 route du Pin Montard, BP 234, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Mark R Theobald
- Air Pollution Division, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22 (edif. 70), Madrid 28040, Spain
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Wangen K, Speed JDM, Hassel K. How does microclimate affect the growth of the rare liverwort Scapania nimbosa? LINDBERGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.25227/linbg.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Wangen
- K. Wangen, J. D. M. Speed and K. Hassel, Dept of Natural History, NTNU Univ. Museum, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - J. D. M. Speed
- K. Wangen, J. D. M. Speed and K. Hassel, Dept of Natural History, NTNU Univ. Museum, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - K. Hassel
- K. Wangen, J. D. M. Speed and K. Hassel, Dept of Natural History, NTNU Univ. Museum, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Ma CH, Chu JZ, Shi XF, Liu CQ, Yao XQ. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the nutritional and active ingredient contents during the floral development of medicinal chrysanthemum. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 158:228-34. [PMID: 26985737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The paper mainly studied the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the nutritional and active ingredient contents during the floral development of medicinal chrysanthemum. The experiment included two levels of UV-B radiation (0 and 400μWcm(-2)). The contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), anthocyanin, UV-B absorbing compounds, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme (PAL) and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase enzyme (C4H) in flowers significantly decreased with the floral development. However, the contents of soluble sugar, amino acid and total vitamin C in flowers significantly increased with the floral development. The contents of flavonoid and chlorogenic acid were significantly different in the four stages of floral development, and their highest contents were found in the bud stage (stage 2). In the four stages of floral development, enhanced UV-B radiation significantly increased the contents of H2O2, UV-B absorbing compounds, chlorophyll, carotenoids, soluble sugar, amino acid, vitamin C, flavonoid and chlorogenic acid, and the activities of PLA and C4H in flowers. The results indicated that the highest contents of active and nutrient ingredients in flowers were found not to be in the same developmental stages of flowers. Comprehensive analysis revealed that the best harvest stage of chrysanthemum flowers was between the bud stage and the young flower stage (stage 2 and stage 3), which could simultaneously gain the higher contents of active and nutritional ingredients in flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hui Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jian Zhou Chu
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao Fei Shi
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Cun Qi Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiao Qin Yao
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
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Si C, Yao XQ, He XL, Chu JZ, Ma CH, Shi XF. Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Biochemical Traits in Postharvest Flowers of Medicinal Chrysanthemum. Photochem Photobiol 2015; 91:845-50. [PMID: 25778827 DOI: 10.1111/php.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article reported UV-B radiation effects on biochemical traits in postharvest flowers of chrysanthemum. The experiment included six levels of UV-B radiation (UV0, 0 μW cm(-2); UV50, 50 μW cm(-2); UV200, 200 μW cm(-2); UV400, 400 μW cm(-2); UV600, 600 μW cm(-2) and UV800, 800 μW cm(-2). Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly increased hydrogen peroxide content (except for UV50), but did not evidently affect malondialdehyde content in flowers. Chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were significantly increased by UV600 and UV800. UV400 and UV600 significantly increased anthocyanins, carotenoids and UV-B absorbing compounds content, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and cinnamic acid-4-hydroxylase (C4H) over the control. 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) activity was significantly decreased by enhanced UV-B radiation (except for UV50). The relationships between UV-B radiation intensities and the activities of secondary metabolism enzymes were best described by a second-order polynomial. The R(2) values for UV-B radiation intensities and the activities of PAL, C4H and 4CL were 0.8361, 0.5437 and 0.8025, respectively. The results indicated that enhanced UV-B radiation could promote secondary metabolism processes in postharvest flowers, which might be beneficial for the accumulation of medically active ingredients in medicinal plants. The optimal UV-B radiation intensities in the study were between UV400-UV600.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Si
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yao
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xue-Li He
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jian-Zhou Chu
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Chun-Hui Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Shi
- The College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
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Amarasinghe R, Poldy J, Matsuba Y, Barrow RA, Hemmi JM, Pichersky E, Peakall R. UV-B light contributes directly to the synthesis of chiloglottone floral volatiles. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:693-703. [PMID: 25649114 PMCID: PMC4343295 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Australian sexually deceptive Chiloglottis orchids attract their specific male wasp pollinators by means of 2,5-dialkylcyclohexane-1,3-diones or 'chiloglottones', representing a newly discovered class of volatiles with unique structures. This study investigated the hypothesis that UV-B light at low intensities is directly required for chiloglottone biosynthesis in Chiloglottis trapeziformis. METHODS Chiloglottone production occurs only in specific tissue (the callus) of the labellum. Cut buds and flowers, and whole plants with buds and flowers, sourced from the field, were kept in a growth chamber and interactions between growth stage of the flowers and duration and intensity of UV-B exposure on chiloglottone production were studied. The effects of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide were also examined. KEY RESULTS Chiloglottone was not present in buds, but was detected in buds that were manually opened and then exposed to sunlight, or artificial UV-B light for ≥5 min. Spectrophotometry revealed that the sepals and petals blocked UV-B light from reaching the labellum inside the bud. Rates of chiloglottone production increased with developmental stage, increasing exposure time and increasing UV-B irradiance intensity. Cycloheximide did not inhibit the initial production of chiloglottone within 5 min of UV-B exposure. However, inhibition of chiloglottone production by cycloheximide occurred over 2 h of UV-B exposure, indicating a requirement for de novo protein synthesis to sustain chiloglottone production under UV-B. CONCLUSIONS The sepals and petals of Chiloglottis orchids strongly block UV-B wavelengths of light, preventing chiloglottone production inside the bud. While initiation of chiloglottone biosynthesis requires only UV-B light, sustained chiloglottone biosynthesis requires both UV-B and de novo protein biosynthesis. The internal amounts of chiloglottone in a flower reflect the interplay between developmental stage, duration and intensity of UV-B exposure, de novo protein synthesis, and feedback loops linked to the starting amount of chiloglottone. It is concluded that UV-B light contributes directly to chiloglottone biosynthesis. These findings suggest an entirely new and unexpected biochemical reaction that might also occur in taxa other than these orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranamalie Amarasinghe
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Poldy
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yuki Matsuba
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Russell A Barrow
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jan M Hemmi
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Rod Peakall
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA and School of Animal Biology & Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Robinson SA, Waterman MJ. Sunsafe Bryophytes: Photoprotection from Excess and Damaging Solar Radiation. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6988-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hideg E, Jansen MAK, Strid A. UV-B exposure, ROS, and stress: inseparable companions or loosely linked associates? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 18:107-15. [PMID: 23084465 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation has long been perceived as a stressor. However, a conceptual U-turn has taken place, and UV-B damage is now considered rare. We question whether UV-stress and UV-B-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) are still relevant concepts, and if ROS-mediated signaling contributes to UV-B acclimation. Measurements of antioxidants and of antioxidant genes show that both low and high UV-B doses alter ROS metabolism. Yet, there is no evidence that ROS control gene expression under low UV-B. Instead, expression of antioxidant genes is linked to the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 pathway. We hypothesize that low UV-B doses cause 'eustress' (good stress) and that stimuli-specific signaling pathways pre-dispose plants to a state of low alert that includes activation of antioxidant defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hideg
- Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Ifjuság u. 6. H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Turetsky MR, Bond-Lamberty B, Euskirchen E, Talbot J, Frolking S, McGuire AD, Tuittila ES. The resilience and functional role of moss in boreal and arctic ecosystems. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:49-67. [PMID: 22924403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mosses in northern ecosystems are ubiquitous components of plant communities, and strongly influence nutrient, carbon and water cycling. We use literature review, synthesis and model simulations to explore the role of mosses in ecological stability and resilience. Moss community responses to disturbance showed all possible responses (increases, decreases, no change) within most disturbance categories. Simulations from two process-based models suggest that northern ecosystems would need to experience extreme perturbation before mosses were eliminated. But simulations with two other models suggest that loss of moss will reduce soil carbon accumulation primarily by influencing decomposition rates and soil nitrogen availability. It seems clear that mosses need to be incorporated into models as one or more plant functional types, but more empirical work is needed to determine how to best aggregate species. We highlight several issues that have not been adequately explored in moss communities, such as functional redundancy and singularity, relationships between response and effect traits, and parameter vs conceptual uncertainty in models. Mosses play an important role in several ecosystem processes that play out over centuries - permafrost formation and thaw, peat accumulation, development of microtopography - and there is a need for studies that increase our understanding of slow, long-term dynamical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Turetsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 1G2, Canada
| | - B Bond-Lamberty
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, DOE Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, USA
| | - E Euskirchen
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - J Talbot
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Département de Géographie, Université de Montréal, Montréal QC H2V 2B8, Canada
| | - S Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - A D McGuire
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - E-S Tuittila
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Michelsen A, Rinnan R, Jonasson S. Two decades of experimental manipulations of heaths and forest understory in the subarctic. AMBIO 2012; 41 Suppl 3:218-30. [PMID: 22864696 PMCID: PMC3535062 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Current atmospheric warming due to increase of greenhouse gases will have severe consequences for the structure and functioning of arctic ecosystems with changes that, in turn, may feed back on the global-scale composition of the atmosphere. During more than two decades, environmental controls on biological and biogeochemical processes and possible atmospheric feedbacks have been intensely investigated at Abisko, Sweden, by long-term ecosystem manipulations. The research has addressed questions like environmental regulation of plant and microbial community structure and biomass, carbon and nutrient pools and element cycling, including exchange of greenhouse gases and volatile organic compounds, with focus on fundamental processes in the interface between plants, soil and root-associated and free-living soil microorganisms. The ultimate goal has been to infer from these multi-decadal experiments how subarctic and arctic ecosystems will respond to likely environmental changes in the future. Here we give an overview of some of the experiments and main results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Michelsen
- />Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- />Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- />Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- />Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Sven Jonasson
- />Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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