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Sadok W, Schoppach R. Potential involvement of root auxins in drought tolerance by modulating nocturnal and daytime water use in wheat. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2019; 124:969-978. [PMID: 30918962 PMCID: PMC6881217 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ability of wheat genotypes to save water by reducing their transpiration rate (TR) at times of the day with high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) has been linked to increasing yields in terminal drought environments. Further, recent evidence shows that reducing nocturnal transpiration (TRN) could amplify water saving. Previous research indicates that such traits involve a root-based hydraulic limitation, but the contribution of hormones, particularly auxin and abscisic acid (ABA), has not been explored to explain the shoot-root link. In this investigation, based on physiological, genetic and molecular evidence gathered on a mapping population, we hypothesized that root auxin accumulation regulates whole-plant water use during both times of the day. METHODS Eight double-haploid lines were selected from a mapping population descending from two parents with contrasting water-saving strategies and root hydraulic properties. These spanned the entire range of slopes of TR responses to VPD and TRN encountered in the population. We examined daytime/night-time auxin and ABA contents in the roots and the leaves in relation to hydraulic traits that included whole-plant TR, plant hydraulic conductance (KPlant), slopes of TR responses to VPD and leaf-level anatomical traits. KEY RESULTS Root auxin levels were consistently genotype-dependent in this group irrespective of experiments and times of the day. Daytime root auxin concentrations were found to be strongly and negatively correlated with daytime TR, KPlant and the slope of TR response to VPD. Night-time root auxin levels significantly and negatively correlated with TRN. In addition, daytime and night-time leaf auxin and ABA concentrations did not correlate with any of the examined traits. CONCLUSIONS The above results indicate that accumulation of auxin in the root system reduces daytime and night-time water use and modulates plant hydraulic properties to enable the expression of water-saving traits that have been associated with enhanced yields under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Sadok
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Upper Buford Circle, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Rémy Schoppach
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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2
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Sellin A, Taneda H, Alber M. Leaf structural and hydraulic adjustment with respect to air humidity and canopy position in silver birch (Betula pendula). JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2019; 132:369-381. [PMID: 30989500 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climate change scenarios predict an increase in air temperature and precipitation in northern temperate regions of Europe by the end of the century. Increasing atmospheric humidity inevitably resulting from more frequent rainfall events reduces water flux through vegetation, influencing plants' structure and functioning. We investigated the extent to which artificially elevated air humidity affects the anatomical structure of the vascular system and hydraulic conductance of leaves in Betula pendula. A field experiment was carried out at the Free Air Humidity Manipulation (FAHM) site with a mean increase in relative air humidity (RH) by 7% over the ambient level across the growing period. Leaf hydraulic properties were determined with a high-pressure flow meter; changes in leaf anatomical structure were studied by means of conventional light microscopy and digital image processing techniques. Leaf development under elevated RH reduced leaf-blade hydraulic conductance and petiole conductivity and had a weak effect on leaf vascular traits (vessel diameters decreased), but had no significant influence on stomatal traits or tissue proportions in laminae. Both hydraulic traits and relevant anatomical characteristics demonstrated pronounced trends with respect to leaf location in the canopy-they increased from crown base to top. Stomatal traits were positively correlated with several petiole and leaf midrib vascular traits. The reduction in leaf hydraulic conductance in response to increasing air humidity is primarily attributable to reduced vessel size, while higher hydraulic efficiency of upper-crown foliage is associated with vertical trends in the size of vascular bundles, vessel number and vein density. Although we observed co-ordinated adjustment of vascular and hydraulic traits, the reduced leaf hydraulic efficiency could lead to an imbalance between hydraulic supply and transpiration demand under the extreme environmental conditions likely to become more frequent in light of global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sellin
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Haruhiko Taneda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan
| | - Meeli Alber
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
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3
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Coupel-Ledru A, Tyerman SD, Masclef D, Lebon E, Christophe A, Edwards EJ, Simonneau T. Abscisic Acid Down-Regulates Hydraulic Conductance of Grapevine Leaves in Isohydric Genotypes Only. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:1121-1134. [PMID: 28899961 PMCID: PMC5664463 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolved different strategies to cope with water stress. While isohydric species maintain their midday leaf water potential (ΨM) under soil water deficit by closing their stomata, anisohydric species maintain higher stomatal aperture and exhibit substantial reductions in ΨM It was hypothesized that isohydry is related to a locally higher sensitivity of stomata to the drought-hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Interestingly, recent lines of evidence in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) suggested that stomatal responsiveness is also controlled by an ABA action on leaf water supply upstream from stomata. Here, we tested the possibility in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) that different genotypes ranging from near isohydric to more anisohydric may have different sensitivities in these ABA responses. Measurements on whole plants in drought conditions were combined with assays on detached leaves fed with ABA. Two different methods consistently showed that leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) was down-regulated by exogenous ABA, with strong variations depending on the genotype. Importantly, variation between isohydry and anisohydry correlated with Kleaf sensitivity to ABA, with Kleaf in the most anisohydric genotypes being unresponsive to the hormone. We propose that the observed response of Kleaf to ABA may be part of the overall ABA regulation of leaf water status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Coupel-Ledru
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
- The University of Adelaide, Plant Research Centre, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- The University of Adelaide, Plant Research Centre, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Diane Masclef
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Lebon
- UMR LEPSE, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Everard J Edwards
- CSIRO Agriculture, Waite Campus Laboratory, Private Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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Scoffoni C, Albuquerque C, Brodersen CR, Townes SV, John GP, Bartlett MK, Buckley TN, McElrone AJ, Sack L. Outside-Xylem Vulnerability, Not Xylem Embolism, Controls Leaf Hydraulic Decline during Dehydration. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 173:1197-1210. [PMID: 28049739 PMCID: PMC5291720 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf hydraulic supply is crucial to maintaining open stomata for CO2 capture and plant growth. During drought-induced dehydration, the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) declines, which contributes to stomatal closure and, eventually, to leaf death. Previous studies have tended to attribute the decline of Kleaf to embolism in the leaf vein xylem. We visualized at high resolution and quantified experimentally the hydraulic vulnerability of xylem and outside-xylem pathways and modeled their respective influences on plant water transport. Evidence from all approaches indicated that the decline of Kleaf during dehydration arose first and foremost due to the vulnerability of outside-xylem tissues. In vivo x-ray microcomputed tomography of dehydrating leaves of four diverse angiosperm species showed that, at the turgor loss point, only small fractions of leaf vein xylem conduits were embolized, and substantial xylem embolism arose only under severe dehydration. Experiments on an expanded set of eight angiosperm species showed that outside-xylem hydraulic vulnerability explained 75% to 100% of Kleaf decline across the range of dehydration from mild water stress to beyond turgor loss point. Spatially explicit modeling of leaf water transport pointed to a role for reduced membrane conductivity consistent with published data for cells and tissues. Plant-scale modeling suggested that outside-xylem hydraulic vulnerability can protect the xylem from tensions that would induce embolism and disruption of water transport under mild to moderate soil and atmospheric droughts. These findings pinpoint outside-xylem tissues as a central locus for the control of leaf and plant water transport during progressive drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.);
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.);
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.);
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.);
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Shatara V Townes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Megan K Bartlett
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, 90095 (C.S., S.V.T., G.P.J., M.K.B., L.S.)
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322 (C.S.)
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, California 95616 (C.A., A.J.M.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511 (C.R.B.)
- IA Watson Grains Research Centre, Plant Breeding Institute, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, New South Wales 2390, Australia (T.N.B.); and
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616 (A.J.M.)
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Scoffoni C, Albuquerque C, Brodersen CR, Townes SV, John GP, Cochard H, Buckley TN, McElrone AJ, Sack L. Leaf vein xylem conduit diameter influences susceptibility to embolism and hydraulic decline. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1076-1092. [PMID: 27861926 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems worldwide are facing increasingly severe and prolonged droughts during which hydraulic failure from drought-induced embolism can lead to organ or whole plant death. Understanding the determinants of xylem failure across species is especially critical in leaves, the engines of plant growth. If the vulnerability segmentation hypothesis holds within leaves, higher order veins that are most terminal in the plant hydraulic system should be more susceptible to embolism to protect the rest of the water transport system. Increased vulnerability in the higher order veins would also be consistent with these experiencing the greatest tensions in the plant xylem network. To test this hypothesis, we combined X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging, hydraulic experiments, cross-sectional anatomy and 3D physiological modelling to investigate how embolisms spread throughout petioles and vein orders during leaf dehydration in relation to conduit dimensions. Decline of leaf xylem hydraulic conductance (Kx ) during dehydration was driven by embolism initiating in petioles and midribs across all species, and Kx vulnerability was strongly correlated with petiole and midrib conduit dimensions. Our simulations showed no significant impact of conduit collapse on Kx decline. We found xylem conduit dimensions play a major role in determining the susceptibility of the leaf water transport system during strong leaf dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Caetano Albuquerque
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Craig R Brodersen
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Shatara V Townes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Grace P John
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, INRA, Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, 63100, France
| | - Thomas N Buckley
- Plant Breeding Institute, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Sydney, 12656 Newell Hwy, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Andrew J McElrone
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Brocious CA, Hacke UG. Stomatal conductance scales with petiole xylem traits in Populus genotypes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:553-562. [PMID: 32480485 DOI: 10.1071/fp15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Progress has been made in linking water transport in leaves with anatomical traits. However, most of our current knowledge about these links is based on studies that sampled phylogenetically distant species and covered a wide range of leaf size and morphology. Here we studied covariation of leaf anatomical traits and hydraulic capacity in five closely related hybrid poplar genotypes. Variation in stomatal conductance and leaf hydraulic conductance was not linked to vein density or other anatomical lamina properties. A strong correlation was found between stomatal conductance and the transport capacity of the petiole, estimated from the diameter and number of xylem vessels. An inverse relationship existed between leaf size and major vein density. The role of bundle sheath extensions is discussed. Our data suggests that petiole xylem is an important predictor of gas exchange capacity in poplar leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Brocious
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Uwe G Hacke
- University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources, 442 Earth Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
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Dudits D, Török K, Cseri A, Paul K, Nagy AV, Nagy B, Sass L, Ferenc G, Vankova R, Dobrev P, Vass I, Ayaydin F. Response of Organ Structure and Physiology to Autotetraploidization in Early Development of Energy Willow Salix viminalis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1504-23. [PMID: 26729798 PMCID: PMC4775130 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The biomass productivity of the energy willow Salix viminalis as a short-rotation woody crop depends on organ structure and functions that are under the control of genome size. Colchicine treatment of axillary buds resulted in a set of autotetraploid S. viminalis var. Energo genotypes (polyploid Energo [PP-E]; 2n = 4x = 76) with variation in the green pixel-based shoot surface area. In cases where increased shoot biomass was observed, it was primarily derived from larger leaf size and wider stem diameter. Autotetraploidy slowed primary growth and increased shoot diameter (a parameter of secondary growth). The duplicated genome size enlarged bark and wood layers in twigs sampled in the field. The PP-E plants developed wider leaves with thicker midrib and enlarged palisade parenchyma cells. Autotetraploid leaves contained significantly increased amounts of active gibberellins, cytokinins, salicylic acid, and jasmonate compared with diploid individuals. Greater net photosynthetic CO2 uptake was detected in leaves of PP-E plants with increased chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Improved photosynthetic functions in tetraploids were also shown by more efficient electron transport rates of photosystems I and II. Autotetraploidization increased the biomass of the root system of PP-E plants relative to diploids. Sections of tetraploid roots showed thickening with enlarged cortex cells. Elevated amounts of indole acetic acid, active cytokinins, active gibberellin, and salicylic acid were detected in the root tips of these plants. The presented variation in traits of tetraploid willow genotypes provides a basis to use autopolyploidization as a chromosome engineering technique to alter the organ development of energy plants in order to improve biomass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Dudits
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Katalin Török
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - András Cseri
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Kenny Paul
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Anna V Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Bettina Nagy
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - László Sass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Györgyi Ferenc
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Radomira Vankova
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Petre Dobrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary (D.D., K.T., A.C., K.P., A.V.N., B.N., L.S., G.F., I.V., F.A.); andInstitute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic (R.V., P.D.)
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Sack L, Scoffoni C. Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 198:983-1000. [PMID: 23600478 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The design and function of leaf venation are important to plant performance, with key implications for the distribution and productivity of ecosystems, and applications in paleobiology, agriculture and technology. We synthesize classical concepts and the recent literature on a wide range of aspects of leaf venation. We describe 10 major structural features that contribute to multiple key functions, and scale up to leaf and plant performance. We describe the development and plasticity of leaf venation and its adaptation across environments globally, and a new global data compilation indicating trends relating vein length per unit area to climate, growth form and habitat worldwide. We synthesize the evolution of vein traits in the major plant lineages throughout paleohistory, highlighting the multiple origins of individual traits. We summarize the strikingly diverse current applications of leaf vein research in multiple fields of science and industry. A unified core understanding will enable an increasing range of plant biologists to incorporate leaf venation into their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawren Sack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Christine Scoffoni
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of California Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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