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Elliott TL, Spalink D, Larridon I, Zuntini AR, Escudero M, Hackel J, Barrett RL, Martín-Bravo S, Márquez-Corro JI, Granados Mendoza C, Mashau AC, Romero-Soler KJ, Zhigila DA, Gehrke B, Andrino CO, Crayn DM, Vorontsova MS, Forest F, Baker WJ, Wilson KL, Simpson DA, Muasya AM. Global analysis of Poales diversification - parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:727-743. [PMID: 38009920 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders of plants and often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites of traits. We test six hypotheses regarding the evolution and assembly of Poales in open and closed habitats throughout the world, and examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution. We sampled 42% of Poales species and obtained taxonomic and biogeographic data from the World Checklist of Vascular Plants database, which was combined with open/closed habitat data scored by taxonomic experts. A dated supertree of Poales was constructed. We integrated spatial phylogenetics with regionalisation analyses, historical biogeography and ancestral state estimations. Diversification in Poales and assembly of open and closed habitats result from dynamic evolutionary processes that vary across lineages, time and space, most prominently in tropical and southern latitudes. Our results reveal parallel and recurrent patterns of habitat and trait transitions in the species-rich families Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Smaller families display unique and often divergent evolutionary trajectories. The Poales have achieved global dominance via parallel evolution in open habitats, with notable, spatially and phylogenetically restricted divergences into strictly closed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Elliott
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Daniel Spalink
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, TX, 77843-2258, USA
| | - Isabel Larridon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Marcial Escudero
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes 6, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Str. 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Russell L Barrett
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Australian Botanic Garden, Locked Bag 6002, Mount Annan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Santiago Martín-Bravo
- Botany Area, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Márquez-Corro
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Botany Area, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ctra. de Utrera km 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Carolina Granados Mendoza
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Aluoneswi C Mashau
- Foundational Research and Services, South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0184, South Africa
| | - Katya J Romero-Soler
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, CP 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Zhigila
- Department of Botany, Gombe State University, Tudun Wada, Gombe, 760001, Nigeria
| | - Berit Gehrke
- Universitetet i Bergen, Universitetsmuseet, Postboks 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Oliveira Andrino
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, CEP 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Darren M Crayn
- Sir Robert Norman Building (E2), James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | | | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | - Karen L Wilson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Australian Botanic Garden, Locked Bag 6002, Mount Annan, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - David A Simpson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AE, UK
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - A Muthama Muasya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
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Hamid K, Tran VH, Duke RK, Duke CC. Three Australian Lepidosperma Labill. Species as sources of prenylated and oxyprenylated derivatives of piceatannol, resveratrol and pinosylvin: Melatoninergic binding and inhibition of quinone reductase 2. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113396. [PMID: 35998831 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated and hydroxyprenylated piceatannol, resveratrol and pinosylvin derivatives were isolated from resin produced by three Australian Lepidosperma Labill. Species (Cyperaceae). From L. congestum R.Br. one known compound, 3',5'-bis-prenyl-E-resveratrol, and five undescribed compounds were isolated, 3'-O-prenyl-5'-prenyl-E-piceatannol, 5',6'-bis-prenyl-E-piceatannol, 5'-prenyl-E-piceatannol, 3',5'-bis(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-E-resveratrol and 3',5'-bis-E-hydroxyprenyl-E-resveratrol. From L. gunnii Boeckeler one undescribed compound was isolated, 3'-E-hydroxyprenyl-5'-Z-hydroxyprenyl-E-resveratrol. From L. laterale R.Br. six undescribed compounds were isolated, 3-O-prenyl-E-pinosylvin, 3-O-Z-hydroxyprenyl-E-pinosylvin, 3'-Z-hydroxyprenyl-E-resveratrol, 3-O-Z-hydroxyprenyl-E-resveratrol, 3-O-Z-hydroxyprenyl-4'-O-methyl-E-resveratrol, and 3-O-prenyl-3'-δ,δ'-dihydroxyprenyl-E-resveratrol. Compounds, including a reference compound 3-O-prenyl-3'-O-methyl-E-piceatannol, were screened in an assay for melatoninergic binding to MT1 and MT2 receptors and binding to QR2/MT3 enzyme, and for inhibition of QR2/MT3 in a functional assay. Strong binding was observed for 3-O-Z-hydroxyprenyl-E-resveratrol with a Ki of 0.022 nM and the strongest inhibition of QR2/MT3 observed was for the reference compound, 3-O-prenyl-3'-O-methyl-E-piceatannol, with an inhibition of 61% at 1 μM and 95% at 10 μM. The three most active binders and inhibitors of QR2/MT3 were found to have a common substructure corresponding to 3-O-prenylresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser Hamid
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Van H Tran
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rujee K Duke
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Colin C Duke
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Nevill PG, Robinson TP, Di Virgilio G, Wardell‐Johnson G. Beyond isolation by distance: What best explains functional connectivity among populations of three sympatric plant species in an ancient terrestrial island system? DIVERS DISTRIB 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gerard Nevill
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Todd P. Robinson
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Giovanni Di Virgilio
- Climate Change Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Grant Wardell‐Johnson
- ARC Centre for Mine Site Restoration, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
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Hunt LJ, Duca D, Dan T, Knopper LD. Petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) uptake in plants: A literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 245:472-484. [PMID: 30458377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its constituents can have adverse effects on ecological and human health when released into the environment. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME) has developed remedial guidelines and a risk assessment framework for both ecological and human exposure to PHC. One of the assumptions used in the derivation of these guidelines is that plants are unable to take up PHC from contaminated soil and therefore subsequent exposure at higher trophic levels is not a concern. However, various studies suggest that plants are indeed able to take up PHC into their tissues. Consumption of plants is a potential exposure pathway in both ecological (e.g., herbivorous and omnivorous birds, and mammals) and human health risk assessments. If plants can uptake PHC, then the current approach for risk assessment of PHC may underestimate exposures to ecological and human receptors. The present review aims to assess whether or not plants are capable of PHC uptake and accumulation. Twenty-one articles were deemed relevant to the study objective and form the basis of this review. Of the 21 primary research articles, 19 reported detectable PHC and/or its constituents in plant tissues. All but five of the 21 articles were published after the publication of the CCME Canada-Wide Standards. Overall, the present literature review provides some evidence of uptake of PHC and its constituents into plant tissues. Various plant species, including some edible plants, were shown to take up PHC from contaminated soil and aqueous media in both laboratory and field studies. Based on the findings of this review, it is recommended that the soil-plant-wildlife/human pathway should be considered in risk assessments to avoid underestimating exposure and subsequent toxicological risks to humans and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian J Hunt
- Ophardt Hygiene-Technik GmbH Co. KG, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | | | - Tereza Dan
- Stantec Consulting Ltd., Ontario, Canada
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Baruch Z, Caddy-Retalic S, Guerin GR, Sparrow B, Leitch E, Tokmakoff A, Lowe AJ. Floristic and structural assessment of Australian rangeland vegetation with standardized plot-based surveys. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202073. [PMID: 30192858 PMCID: PMC6128463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe and correlate environmental, floristic and structural vegetation traits of a large portion of Australian rangelands. We analysed 351 one hectare vegetation plots surveyed by Australia's Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN) using the AusPlots Rangelands standardized method. The AusPlots Rangelands method involves surveying 1010 one meter-spaced point-intercepts (IPs) per plot. At each IP, species were scored, categorised by growth-form, converted to percentage cover as the input for the plot x species matrix. Vegetation structure is depicted by growth-form configuration and relative importance. The floristic and structural distance matrices were correlated with the Mantel test. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) related floristic composition to environmental variables sourced from WorldClim, the Atlas of Living Australia and TERN's Soil and Landscape Grid. Differences between clusters were tested with ANOVA while principal component analysis (PCA) ordered the plots within the environmental space. Our plot x species matrix required segmentation due to sparsity and high β-diversity. Based on the ordination of plots latitude within environmental space, the matrix was segmented into three "superclusters": the winter rain and temperate Mediterranean, the monsoonal rain savannas and the arid deserts. Further classification, with the UPGMA linkage method, generated two, four and five clusters, respectively. All groupings are described by species richness, diversity indices and growth form conformation. Several floristic disjunctions were apparent and their possible causes are discussed. For all superclusters, the correspondence between the floristic and the structural or growth form matrices was statistically significant. CCA ordination clearly demarcated all groupings. Aridity, rainfall, temperature, seasonality, soil nitrogen and pH are significant correlates to the ordination of superclusters and clusters. At present, our results are influenced by incomplete sampling. As more sites are surveyed, this pioneer analysis will be updated and refined providing tools for the effective management of Australian rangelands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdravko Baruch
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide Node, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stefan Caddy-Retalic
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg R. Guerin
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide Node, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ben Sparrow
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide Node, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Emrys Leitch
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide Node, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Tokmakoff
- Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network, University of Adelaide Node, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Duke CC, Tran VH, Duke RK, Abu-Mellal A, Plunkett GT, King DI, Hamid K, Wilson KL, Barrett RL, Bruhl JJ. A sedge plant as the source of Kangaroo Island propolis rich in prenylated p-coumarate ester and stilbenes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 134:87-97. [PMID: 27890584 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Propolis samples from Kangaroo Island, South Australia, were investigated for chemical constituents using high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectral profiling. A type of propolis was found containing a high proportion of prenylated hydroxystilbenes. Subsequently, the botanical origin of this type of propolis was identified using a beehive propolis depletion method and analysis of flora. Ligurian honey bees, Apis mellifera ligustica Spinola, were found to produce propolis from resin exuded by the Australian native sedge plant Lepidosperma sp. Montebello (Cyperaceae). The plants, commonly known as sword sedge, were found to have resin that matched with the propolis samples identified as the most abundant propolis type on the island containing C- and O-prenylated tetrahydroxystilbenes (pTHOS) in addition to a small amount of prenylated p-coumarate. The isolation of five pTHOS not previously characterized are reported: (E)-4-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,4',5-trihydroxy-3'-methoxystilbene, (E)-2,4-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,3',4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene, (E)-2-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyloxy)-3',4',5-trihydroxystilbene, (E)-2,6-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,3',5,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene and (E)-2,6-bis(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-3,4',5-trihydroxy-3'-methoxystilbene. A National Cancer Institute 60 human cell line anticancer screen of three of these compounds showed growth inhibitory activity. The large Australasian genus Lepidosperma is identified as a valuable resource for the isolation of substances with medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin C Duke
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Van H Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rujee K Duke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Abdallah Abu-Mellal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - George T Plunkett
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Douglas I King
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kaiser Hamid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen L Wilson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Russell L Barrett
- Kings Park & Botanic Garden, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia; The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, CSIRO, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Jeremy J Bruhl
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Distribution and Evolution of Mycorrhizal Types and Other Specialised Roots in Australia. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Binks RM, Millar MA, Byrne M. Contrasting patterns of clonality and fine-scale genetic structure in two rare sedges with differing geographic distributions. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:235-42. [PMID: 25873148 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For plants with mixed reproductive capabilities, asexual reproduction is more frequent in rare species and is considered a strategy for persistence when sexual recruitment is limited. We investigate whether asexual reproduction contributes to the persistence of two co-occurring, rare sedges that both experience irregular seed set and if their differing geographic distributions have a role in the relative contribution of clonality. Genotypic richness was high (R=0.889±0.02) across the clustered populations of Lepidosperma sp. Mt Caudan and, where detected, clonal patches were small, both in ramet numbers (⩽3 ramets/genet) and physical size (1.3±0.1 m). In contrast, genotypic richness was lower in the isolated L. sp. Parker Range populations, albeit more variable (R=0.437±0.13), with genets as large as 17 ramets and up to 5.8 m in size. Aggregated clonal growth generated significant fine-scale genetic structure in both species but to a greater spatial extent and with additional genet-level structure in L. sp. Parker Range that is likely due to restricted seed dispersal. Despite both species being rare, asexual reproduction clearly has a more important role in the persistence of L. sp. Parker Range than L. sp. Mt Caudan. This is consistent with our prediction that limitations to sexual reproduction, via geographic isolation to effective gene exchange, can lead to greater contributions of asexual reproduction. These results demonstrate the role of population isolation in affecting the balance of alternate reproductive modes and the contextual nature of asexual reproduction in rare species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Binks
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M A Millar
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Binks RM, Millar MA, Byrne M. Not all rare species are the same: contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and population structure in two narrow-range endemic sedges. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Binks
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Melissa A. Millar
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; Bentley WA 6983 Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division; Department of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104; Bentley Delivery Centre; Bentley WA 6983 Australia
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John-Bejai C, Farrell AD, Cooper FM, Oatham MP. Contrasting physiological responses to excess heat and irradiance in two tropical savanna sedges. AOB PLANTS 2013; 5:plt051. [PMID: 24379971 PMCID: PMC3875122 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tropical hyperseasonal savannas provide a rare example of a tropical climax community dominated by graminoid species. Species living in such savannas are frequently exposed to excess heat and light, in addition to drought and waterlogging, and must possess traits to avoid or tolerate these stress factors. Here we examine the contrasting heat and light stress adaptations of two dominant savanna sedges: Lagenocarpus guianensis, which is restricted to the sheltered forest edge, and Lagenocarpus rigidus, which extends from the forest edge to the open savanna. An ecotone extending from the forest edge to the open savanna was used to assess differences in a range of physiological traits (efficiency of photosystem II, cell membrane thermostability, stomatal conductance, leaf surface reflectance and canopy temperature depression) and a range of leaf functional traits (length : width ratio, specific leaf area and degree of folding). Lagenocarpus guianensis showed significantly less canopy temperature depression than L. rigidus, which may explain why this species was restricted to the forest edge. The range of leaf temperatures measured was within the thermal tolerance of L. guianensis and allowed photosystem II to function normally, at least within the cool forest edge. The ability of L. rigidus to extend into the open savanna was associated with an ability to decouple leaf temperature from ambient temperature combined with enhanced cell membrane thermostability. The high degree of canopy temperature depression seen in L. rigidus was not explained by enhanced stomatal conductance or leaf reflectance, but was consistent with a capacity to increase specific leaf area and reduce leaf length: width ratio in the open savanna. Plasticity in leaf functional traits and in cell membrane thermostability are key factors in the ability of this savanna sedge to survive abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. John-Bejai
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - A. D. Farrell
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - F. M. Cooper
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - M. P. Oatham
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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Viljoen JA, Muasya AM, Barrett RL, Bruhl JJ, Gibbs AK, Slingsby JA, Wilson KL, Verboom GA. Radiation and repeated transoceanic dispersal of Schoeneae (Cyperaceae) through the southern hemisphere. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2494-2508. [PMID: 24302693 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The broad austral distribution of Schoeneae is almost certainly a product of long-distance dispersal. Owing to the inadequacies of existing phylogenetic data and a lack of rigorous biogeographic analysis, relationships within the tribe remain poorly resolved and its pattern of radiation and dispersal uncertain. We employed an expanded sampling of taxa and markers and a rigorous analytic approach to address these limitations. We evaluated the roles of geography and ecology in stimulating the initial radiation of the group and its subsequent dispersal across the southern hemisphere. METHODS A dated tree was reconstructed using reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with a polytomy prior and molecular dating, applied to data from two nuclear and three cpDNA regions. Ancestral areas and habitats were inferred using dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis models. KEY RESULTS Schoeneae originated in Australia in the Paleocene. The existence of a "hard" polytomy at the base of the clade reflects the rapid divergence of six principal lineages ca. 50 Ma, within Australia. From this ancestral area, Schoeneae have traversed the austral oceans with remarkable frequency, a total of 29 distinct dispersal events being reported here. Dispersal rates between landmasses are not explicable in terms of the geographical distances separating them. Transoceanic dispersal generally involved habitat stasis. CONCLUSIONS Although the role of dispersal in explaining global distribution patterns is now widely accepted, the apparent ease with which such dispersal may occur has perhaps been under-appreciated. In Schoeneae, transoceanic dispersal has been remarkably frequent, with ecological opportunity, rather than geography, being most important in dictating dispersal patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Adriaan Viljoen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Characterization and cross-amplification of novel microsatellite markers for two Australian sedges, Lepidosperma sp. Mt Caudan and L. sp. Parker Range (Cyperaceae). CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-013-0087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Plunkett GT, Wilson KL, Bruhl JJ. Sedges in the mist: A new species of Lepidosperma (Cyperaceae, Schoeneae) from the mountains of Tasmania. PHYTOKEYS 2013; 28:19-59. [PMID: 24399891 PMCID: PMC3881413 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.28.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The status of a putative new species of Lepidosperma from the mountains of south-western Tasmania, Australia, was investigated. Phenetic analysis (Flexible UPGMA Agglomerative Hierarchical Fusion and semi-strong hybrid multidimensional scaling) was conducted on a database derived from morphological and anatomical characters scored from herbarium material, culm anatomy slides and scanning electron micrographs of fruit. The results of the analysis support the recognition of a new species, here described as Lepidosperma monticola G.T.Plunkett & J.J.Bruhl. The distribution, habitat and conservation status are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George T. Plunkett
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351
| | - Karen L. Wilson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000
| | - Jeremy J. Bruhl
- Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351
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