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Li S, Chen H, Hong J, Ye X, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Su Z, Yang Z. Chlorate-induced molecular floral transition revealed by transcriptomes. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220612. [PMID: 37528883 PMCID: PMC10389677 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering in off-season longan (Dimocarpus longan L.) can be induced effectively by the application of potassium chlorate (KClO3), but the mechanism of the physiological induction is largely unknown to decipher its mechanism and identify genes potentially regulating the process, and comparative analysis via RNA-Seq was performed between vegetative and KClO3-induced floral buds. A total of 18,649 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between control and treated samples. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that DEGs related to plant hormone signal transduction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were enriched in our data. A total of 29 flowering-related DEGs were identified in our study, such as APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA2 (AP2), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 3/ETTIN (ARF3), SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 8 (SPL8), AGAMOUS (AG), and others. The upregulation of AP2 and SPL genes indicates that the age-related pathway is activated and influences the floral induction in KClO3-induced longan floral buds by coordinated regulation of genes related to AP1, AG, and ARF3. This study provides a valuable resource for studying molecular mechanisms underlying chlorate-induced floral transition in off-season longan, which may benefit the development and production of off-season tropical/subtropical fruit trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songgang Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiwang Hong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiuxu Ye
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yeyuan Chen
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
| | - Zuanxian Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqin Yang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou571101, Hainan, China
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An Overview of Molecular Basis and Genetic Modification of Floral Organs Genes: Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:833-848. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Liu X, Zhang L, Yang S. Analysis of Floral Organ Development and Sex Determination in Schisandra chinensis by Scanning Electron Microscopy and RNA-Sequencing. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081260. [PMID: 36013439 PMCID: PMC9410518 DOI: 10.3390/life12081260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
S. chinensis is a typical monoecious plant, and the number and development of female flowers determines the yield of S. chinensis. Due to a lack of genetic information, the molecular mechanism of sex differentiation in S. chinensis remains unclear. In this study, the combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to understand the way of sex differentiation of S. chinensis and to mine the related genes of sex determination. The result shows the development of male and female S. chinensis flowers was completed at the same time, the unisexual S. chinensis flowers did not undergo a transition stage between sexes, and sex may have been determined at an early stage in flower development. The results of the gene function analysis of the plant hormone signaling pathway and sucrose metabolism pathway suggest that auxin and JA could be the key hormones for sex differentiation in S. chinensis, and sucrose may promote pollen maturation at the later stage of male flower development. Two AGAMOUS (GAG) genes, 10 AGAMOUS-like MADS-box (AGLs) genes, and the MYB, NAC, WRKY, bHLH, and Trihelix transcription factor families may play important roles in sex determination in S. chinensis. Taken together, the present findings provide valuable genetic information on flower development and sex determination in S. chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyan Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134000, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua 134000, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence:
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Genomewide Identification and Characterization of the Genes Involved in the Flowering of Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147940. [PMID: 35887288 PMCID: PMC9323069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering is a prerequisite for flowering plants to complete reproduction, and flowering time has an important effect on the high and stable yields of crops. However, there are limited reports on flowering-related genes at the genomic level in cotton. In this study, genomewide analysis of the evolutionary relationship of flowering-related genes in different cotton species shows that the numbers of flowering-related genes in the genomes of tetraploid cotton species Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense were similar, and that these numbers were approximately twice as much as the number in diploid cotton species Gossypium arboretum. The classification of flowering-related genes shows that most of them belong to the photoperiod and circadian clock flowering pathway. The distribution of flowering-related genes on the chromosomes of the At and Dt subgenomes was similar, with no subgenomic preference detected. In addition, most of the flowering-related core genes in Arabidopsis thaliana had homologs in the cotton genome, but the copy numbers and expression patterns were disparate; moreover, flowering-related genes underwent purifying selection throughout the evolutionary and selection processes. Although the differentiation and reorganization of many key genes of the cotton flowering regulatory network occurred throughout the evolutionary and selection processes, most of them, especially those involved in the important flowering regulatory networks, have been relatively conserved and preferentially selected.
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5
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Vachon G, Engelhorn J, Carles CC. Interactions between transcription factors and chromatin regulators in the control of flower development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2461-2471. [PMID: 29506187 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin modifiers and remodelers are involved in generating dynamic changes at the chromatin, which allow differential and specific readouts of the genome. While genetic evidence indicates that several chromatin factors play a key role in controlling basic developmental programs for inflorescence and flower morphogenesis, it remained unknown until recently how they exert their specificity toward gene expression, both temporally and spatially. An emerging topic is the recruitment or eviction of chromatin factors through the activity of sequence-specific DNA-binding domains, present in the chromatin factors themselves or in partnering transcription factors. Here we summarize recent progress that has been made in this regard in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We further outline the different possible modes through which chromatin complexes specifically target genes involved in flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Vachon
- LPCV, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Julia Engelhorn
- LPCV, CNRS, CEA, INRA, Université Grenoble Alpes, BIG, Grenoble, France
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6
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Xiao J, Jin R, Wagner D. Developmental transitions: integrating environmental cues with hormonal signaling in the chromatin landscape in plants. Genome Biol 2017; 18:88. [PMID: 28490341 PMCID: PMC5425979 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant development is predominantly postembryonic and tuned in to respond to environmental cues. All living plant cells can be triggered to de-differentiate, assume different cell identities, or form a new organism. This developmental plasticity is thought to be an adaptation to the sessile lifestyle of plants. Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of the orchestration of plant developmental switches by transcriptional master regulators, chromatin state changes, and hormone response pathways. Here, we review these recent advances with emphasis on the earliest stages of plant development and on the switch from pluripotency to differentiation in different plant organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Run Jin
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Fletcher JC. State of the Art: trxG Factor Regulation of Post-embryonic Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1925. [PMID: 29184559 PMCID: PMC5694493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms rely on the precise and consistent regulation of gene expression to direct their development in tissue- and cell-type specific patterns. This regulatory activity involves arrays of DNA-binding transcription factors and epigenetic factors that modify chromatin structure. Among the chromatin modifiers, trithorax (trxG) and Polycomb (PcG) group proteins play important roles in orchestrating the stable activation and repression of gene expression, respectively. These proteins have generally antagonistic functions in maintaining cell and tissue homeostasis as well as in mediating widespread transcriptional reprogramming during developmental transitions. Plants utilize multiple trxG factors to regulate gene transcription as they modulate their development in response to both endogenous and environmental cues. Here, I will discuss the roles of trxG factors and their associated proteins in post-embryonic plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C. Fletcher
- Plant Gene Expression Center, United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Albany, CA, United States
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jennifer C. Fletcher,
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Bey T, Jamge S, Klemme S, Komar DN, Le Gall S, Mikulski P, Schmidt M, Zicola J, Berr A. Chromatin and epigenetics in all their states: Meeting report of the first conference on Epigenetic and Chromatin Regulation of Plant Traits - January 14 - 15, 2016 - Strasbourg, France. Epigenetics 2016; 11:625-34. [PMID: 27184433 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1185580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In January 2016, the first Epigenetic and Chromatin Regulation of Plant Traits conference was held in Strasbourg, France. An all-star lineup of speakers, a packed audience of 130 participants from over 20 countries, and a friendly scientific atmosphere contributed to make this conference a meeting to remember. In this article we summarize some of the new insights into chromatin, epigenetics, and epigenomics research and highlight nascent ideas and emerging concepts in this exciting area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Bey
- a Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences , University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Suraj Jamge
- b Plant Research International , Bioscience , Wageningen , The Netherlands.,c Laboratory of Molecular Biology , Wageningen University , Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Klemme
- d Crop Science Division , Bayer CropScience SA-NV , Zwijnaarde , Belgium
| | - Dorota Natalia Komar
- e Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP) , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y TecnologíaAgraria y Alimentaria (INIA)-Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - Sabine Le Gall
- f VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology , Ghent , Belgium.,g Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Pawel Mikulski
- h Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Martin Schmidt
- f VIB Department of Plant Systems Biology , Ghent , Belgium.,g Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Johan Zicola
- i Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research , Cologne , Germany
| | - Alexandre Berr
- j Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (IBMP) du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg , Strasbourg Cedex , France
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Moreau F, Thévenon E, Blanvillain R, Lopez-Vidriero I, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Dumas R, Parcy F, Morel P, Trehin C, Carles CC. The Myb-domain protein ULTRAPETALA1 INTERACTING FACTOR 1 controls floral meristem activities in Arabidopsis. Development 2016; 143:1108-19. [PMID: 26903506 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Higher plants continuously and iteratively produce new above-ground organs in the form of leaves, stems and flowers. These organs arise from shoot apical meristems whose homeostasis depends on coordination between self-renewal of stem cells and their differentiation into organ founder cells. This coordination is stringently controlled by the central transcription factor WUSCHEL (WUS), which is both necessary and sufficient for stem cell specification in Arabidopsis thaliana ULTRAPETALA1 (ULT1) was previously identified as a plant-specific, negative regulator of WUS expression. However, molecular mechanisms underlying this regulation remain unknown. ULT1 protein contains a SAND putative DNA-binding domain and a B-box, previously proposed as a protein interaction domain in eukaryotes. Here, we characterise a novel partner of ULT1, named ULT1 INTERACTING FACTOR 1 (UIF1), which contains a Myb domain and an EAR motif. UIF1 and ULT1 function in the same pathway for regulation of organ number in the flower. Moreover, UIF1 displays DNA-binding activity and specifically binds to WUS regulatory elements. We thus provide genetic and molecular evidence that UIF1 and ULT1 work together in floral meristem homeostasis, probably by direct repression of WUS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Moreau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble 38054, France CNRS, LPCV, UMR 5168, Grenoble 38054, France CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, BIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France INRA, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Emmanuel Thévenon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble 38054, France CNRS, LPCV, UMR 5168, Grenoble 38054, France CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, BIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France INRA, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Robert Blanvillain
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble 38054, France CNRS, LPCV, UMR 5168, Grenoble 38054, France CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, BIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France INRA, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Irene Lopez-Vidriero
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia CNB- CSIC, Darwin 3, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | | | - Renaud Dumas
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble 38054, France CNRS, LPCV, UMR 5168, Grenoble 38054, France CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, BIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France INRA, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - François Parcy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble 38054, France CNRS, LPCV, UMR 5168, Grenoble 38054, France CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, BIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France INRA, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Patrice Morel
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INRA, ENS, Lyon cedex 07 69347, France
| | - Christophe Trehin
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université Lyon1, CNRS, INRA, ENS, Lyon cedex 07 69347, France
| | - Cristel C Carles
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale (LPCV), Grenoble 38054, France CNRS, LPCV, UMR 5168, Grenoble 38054, France CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, BIG, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France INRA, LPCV, Grenoble 38054, France
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Liu K, Yuan C, Li H, Lin W, Yang Y, Shen C, Zheng X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of auxin response factor (ARF) family genes related to flower and fruit development in papaya (Carica papaya L.). BMC Genomics 2015; 16:901. [PMID: 26541414 PMCID: PMC4635992 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2182-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auxin and auxin signaling are involved in a series of developmental processes in plants. Auxin Response Factors (ARFs) is reported to modulate the expression of target genes by binding to auxin response elements (AuxREs) and influence the transcriptional activation of down-stream target genes. However, how ARF genes function in flower development and fruit ripening of papaya (Carica papaya L.) is largely unknown. In this study, a comprehensive characterization and expression profiling analysis of 11 C. papaya ARF (CpARF) genes was performed using the newly updated papaya reference genome data. Results We analyzed CpARF expression patterns at different developmental stages. CpARF1, CpARF2, CpARF4, CpARF5, and CpARF10 showed the highest expression at the initial stage of flower development, but decreased during the following developmental stages. CpARF6 expression increased during the developmental process and reached its peak level at the final stage of flower development. The expression of CpARF1 increased significantly during the fruit ripening stages. Many AuxREs were included in the promoters of two ethylene signaling genes (CpETR1 and CpETR2) and three ethylene-synthesis-related genes (CpACS1, CpACS2, and CpACO1), suggesting that CpARFs might be involved in fruit ripening via the regulation of ethylene signaling. Conclusions Our study provided comprehensive information on ARF family in papaya, including gene structures, chromosome locations, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns. The involvement of CpARF gene expression changes in flower and fruit development allowed us to understand the role of ARF-mediated auxin signaling in the maturation of reproductive organs in papaya. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2182-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Liu
- College of Bioscience and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China. .,Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China.
| | - Changchun Yuan
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China.
| | - Haili Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China.
| | - Wanhuang Lin
- College of Bioscience and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Yanjun Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China.
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China.
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Cao X, He Z, Guo L, Liu X. Epigenetic Mechanisms Are Critical for the Regulation of WUSCHEL Expression in Floral Meristems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 168:1189-96. [PMID: 25829464 PMCID: PMC4528737 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The floral meristem (FM), which develops from the inflorescence meristem upon completion of the floral transition, terminates after producing a defined number of floral organs. This is in contrast to the shoot apical meristem, which is active throughout the entire life span of plants. WUSCHEL (WUS) encodes a homeodomain-containing protein and plays a critical role in shoot apical meristem, inflorescence meristem, and FM establishment and maintenance as well as FM determinacy. Although many genes have been implicated in FM determinacy through the regulation of WUS expression, precisely how these genes are coordinated to regulate WUS and consequently dictate FM fate remains unclear. Emerging lines of evidence indicate that epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and DNA methylation, play vital roles in meristem maintenance and termination. Here, recent findings demonstrating the involvement of the epigenetic network in the regulation of WUS expression in the context of FM determinacy are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China (X.C., Z.H., L.G., X.L.); andCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (X.C., Z.H.)
| | - Zishan He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China (X.C., Z.H., L.G., X.L.); andCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (X.C., Z.H.)
| | - Lin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China (X.C., Z.H., L.G., X.L.); andCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (X.C., Z.H.)
| | - Xigang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Laboratory of Agricultural Water-Saving, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050021, China (X.C., Z.H., L.G., X.L.); andCollege of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (X.C., Z.H.)
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12
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Landau U, Asis L, Eshed Williams L. The ERECTA, CLAVATA and class III HD-ZIP Pathways Display Synergistic Interactions in Regulating Floral Meristem Activities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125408. [PMID: 25946150 PMCID: PMC4422654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperms, the production of flowers marks the beginning of the reproductive phase. At the emergence of flower primordia on the flanks of the inflorescence meristem, the WUSCHEL (WUS) gene, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor starts to be expressed and establishes de novo stem cell population, founder of the floral meristem (FM). Similarly to the shoot apical meristem a precise spatial and temporal expression pattern of WUS is required and maintained through strict regulation by multiple regulatory inputs to maintain stem cell homeostasis. However, following the formation of a genetically determined fixed number of floral organs, this homeostasis is shifted towards organogenesis and the FM is terminated. In here we performed a genetic study to test how a reduction in ERECTA, CLAVATA and class III HD-ZIP pathways affects floral meristem activity and flower development. We revealed strong synergistic phenotypes of extra flower number, supernumerary whorls, total loss of determinacy and extreme enlargement of the meristem as compared to any double mutant combination indicating that the three pathways, CLV3, ER and HD-ZIPIII distinctively regulate meristem activity and that they act in parallel. Our findings yield several new insights into stem cell-driven development. We demonstrate the crucial requirement for coupling floral meristem termination with carpel formation to ensure successful reproduction in plants. We also show how regulation of meristem size and alternation in spatial structure of the meristem serve as a mechanism to determine flower organogenesis. We propose that the loss of FM determinacy due to the reduction in CLV3, ER and HD-ZIPIII activity is genetically separable from the AGAMOUS core mechanism of meristem termination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udi Landau
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lior Asis
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Leor Eshed Williams
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Sun B, Ito T. Regulation of floral stem cell termination in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:17. [PMID: 25699061 PMCID: PMC4313600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, floral stem cells are maintained only at the initial stages of flower development, and they are terminated at a specific time to ensure proper development of the reproductive organs. Floral stem cell termination is a dynamic and multi-step process involving many transcription factors, chromatin remodeling factors and signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms involved in floral stem cell maintenance and termination, highlighting the interplay between transcriptional regulation and epigenetic machinery in the control of specific floral developmental genes. In addition, we discuss additional factors involved in floral stem cell regulation, with the goal of untangling the complexity of the floral stem cell regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Toshiro Ito
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of SingaporeSingapore
- *Correspondence: Toshiro Ito, Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Republic of Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore e-mail:
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Scutt CP, Vandenbussche M. Current trends and future directions in flower development research. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1399-406. [PMID: 25335868 PMCID: PMC4204790 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flowers, the reproductive structures of the approximately 400 000 extant species of flowering plants, exist in a tremendous range of forms and sizes, mainly due to developmental differences involving the number, arrangement, size and form of the floral organs of which they consist. However, this tremendous diversity is underpinned by a surprisingly robust basic floral structure in which a central group of carpels forms on an axis of determinate growth, almost invariably surrounded by two successive zones containing stamens and perianth organs, respectively. Over the last 25 years, remarkable progress has been achieved in describing the molecular mechanisms that control almost all aspects of flower development, from the phase change that initiates flowering to the final production of fruits and seeds. However, this work has been performed almost exclusively in a small number of eudicot model species, chief among which is Arabidopsis thaliana. Studies of flower development must now be extended to a much wider phylogenetic range of flowering plants and, indeed, to their closest living relatives, the gymnosperms. Studies of further, more wide-ranging models should provide insights that, for various reasons, cannot be obtained by studying the major existing models alone. The use of further models should also help to explain how the first flowering plants evolved from an unknown, although presumably gymnosperm-like ancestor, and rapidly diversified to become the largest major plant group and to dominate the terrestrial flora. The benefits for society of a thorough understanding of flower development are self-evident, as human life depends to a large extent on flowering plants and on the fruits and seeds they produce. In this preface to the Special Issue, we introduce eleven articles on flower development, representing work in both established and further models, including gymnosperms. We also present some of our own views on current trends and future directions of the flower development field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie P Scutt
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, (Unité mixte de recherche 5667: CNRS-INRA-Université de Lyon), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Michiel Vandenbussche
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, (Unité mixte de recherche 5667: CNRS-INRA-Université de Lyon), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
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