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Huang G, Zeng Y. Increased stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity, not mesophyll conductance, contributing to the enhanced photosynthesis in Oryza plants during domestication. PLANTA 2023; 259:28. [PMID: 38127197 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Leaf biochemical capacity and the ratio of leaf biochemical capacity to stomatal conductance are promising to enhance leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in rice plants, respectively. Domestication may have great impact on crop photosynthetic rate, which has not been fully understood, especially from the perspective of stomatal conductance, mesophyll conductance, and leaf biochemical capacity simultaneously. In this study, we constructed a database consisting of 141 and 92 sets of data from wild and cultivated rice, respectively, including leaf gas exchange parameters, hydraulic conductance, structural traits, and nitrogen content. We found that, compared to wild rice, enhanced leaf photosynthetic rate in cultivated rice was mainly resulted by the increased stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity, rather than mesophyll conductance. The unchanged mesophyll conductance observed during domestication suggested that it might have been optimized during plant evolution in wild rice. Additionally, the positive relationship between stomatal density and stomatal conductance disappeared in Oryza plants during domestication, suggesting that stomatal conductance in cultivated rice is less restricted by stomatal density, compared to wild rice. Moreover, in both wild and cultivated rice, leaf photosynthetic rate was mainly determined by leaf biochemical capacity, rather than stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance. This study highlighted the important role of stomatal conductance and leaf biochemical capacity in improvement of leaf photosynthetic rate in rice during domestication. Leaf biochemical capacity and the ratio of leaf biochemical capacity to stomatal conductance should be further investigated to enhance leaf photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in rice plants, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Yongjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, School of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
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Li Z, Ai Z. Mapping Plant Bioaccumulation Potentials of Pesticides from Soil Using Satellite-Based Canopy Transpiration Rates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:117-129. [PMID: 36349963 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The transpiration rate is an important factor that determines the bioaccumulation potential of pesticides from soil and can present a spatiotemporal pattern. In the present study, we proposed a satellite-based approach to map the bioaccumulation potential of pesticides from soil using the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In the proposed model, the spatiotemporal variable (i.e., plant transpiration rate) was separately analyzed from the plant- and chemical-specific variables. The simulated bioaccumulation factors (BAFs; steady-state concentration ratios between plants and soil) of atrazine and lindane for the United States indicated that the proposed model can better predict the spatiotemporal pattern of bioaccumulation potentials of pesticides from soil than a previous weather-based model. The proposed approach using GLEAM's satellite data avoids the overestimation of plant transpiration rate in regions with a dry and warm climate. The comparison of BAFs between the proposed and weather-based models indicated that the satellite-based simulation was consistent with the weather-based simulation for most states and was more effective for the southwest region. Furthermore, plant- and chemical-specific variables were simulated for over 700 pesticides, which could be multiplied by satellite-based canopy transpiration rates to map the bioaccumulation potentials of chemicals from soil. Further evaluation of plant-specific variables, partitioning behaviors of ionizable compounds, and multiple uptake routes (e.g., airborne residue deposition) will aid in the evaluation of the spatiotemporal patterns of pesticide BAFs in plants in future research. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:117-129. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhipin Ai
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba-City, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Lei Z, Westerband AC, Wright IJ, He Y, Zhang W, Cai X, Zhou Z, Liu F, Zhang Y. Leaf trait covariation and controls on leaf mass per area (LMA) following cotton domestication. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:231-243. [PMID: 35849070 PMCID: PMC9445596 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The process of domestication has driven dramatic shifts in plant functional traits, including leaf mass per area (LMA). It remains unclear whether domestication has produced concerted shifts in the lower-level anatomical traits that underpin LMA and how these traits in turn affect photosynthesis. METHODS In this study we investigated controls of LMA and leaf gas exchange by leaf anatomical properties at the cellular, tissue and whole-leaf levels, comparing 26 wild and 31 domesticated genotypes of cotton (Gossypium). KEY RESULTS As expected, domesticated plants expressed lower LMA, higher photosynthesis and higher stomatal conductance, suggesting a shift towards the 'faster' end of the leaf economics spectrum. At whole-leaf level, variation in LMA was predominantly determined by leaf density (LD) both in wild and domesticated genotypes. At tissue level, higher leaf volume per area (Vleaf) in domesticated genotypes was driven by a simultaneous increase in the volume of epidermal, mesophyll and vascular bundle tissue and airspace, while lower LD resulted from a lower volume of palisade tissue and vascular bundles (which are of high density), paired with a greater volume of epidermis and airspace, which are of low density. The volume of spongy mesophyll exerted direct control on photosynthesis in domesticated genotypes but only indirect control in wild genotypes. At cellular level, a shift to larger but less numerous cells with thinner cell walls underpinned a lower proportion of cell wall mass, and thus a reduction in LD. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, cotton domestication has triggered synergistic shifts in the underlying determinants of LMA but also photosynthesis, at cell, tissue and whole-leaf levels, resulting in a marked shift in plant ecological strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrea C Westerband
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian J Wright
- School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- ARC Centre for Plant Success in Nature & Agriculture, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, P.R. China
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Naeem E, Abd El-Megeed T, Emadeldin Y, Abushady AM, Abdelrahman M. Injected Anhydrous Ammonia Is More Effective Than Broadcast Urea as a Source of Nitrogen for Drill Seeded Rice. AGRONOMY 2022; 12:942. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy12040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Anhydrous ammonia is a cheaper source of nitrogen (N) fertiliser than granular urea for rice production, but it is not widely used in developing countries. It can only be applied pre-crop with any in-crop applications being applied in the form of urea. This 2-year study conducted in the Nile delta region of Egypt compared pre-crop anhydrous ammonia injected to a depth of 20 cm with broadcast urea as N sources for rice, along with 4 combinations of pre-crop ammonia and in-crop urea. Each treatment supplied a total of 165 kg N/ha. The rice crop was direct seeded rather than transplanted. The highest yields were achieved in the full anhydrous ammonia treatment, which yielded 53% more grain than the nil-N control, while the full urea treatment yielded 22% more than the control; most combination treatments were intermediate. The higher grain yield of the anhydrous ammonia treatment was through a higher panicle density per unit area and more filled grains per panicle. An economic analysis found that the anhydrous ammonia treatment had a net return 70–94% higher than supplying the same quantity of N as urea. Counts of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes showed a decline by day 2 after injection of anhydrous ammonia, followed by an increase to numbers similar to or above pre-injection levels by day 5. The findings indicated that pre-crop anhydrous ammonia in rice is both economically promising and not deleterious to soil microbes.
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Lei ZY, Wang H, Wright IJ, Zhu XG, Niinemets Ü, Li ZL, Sun DS, Dong N, Zhang WF, Zhou ZL, Liu F, Zhang YL. Enhanced photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and increased nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery under cotton domestication. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:239-250. [PMID: 34669149 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Domestication involves dramatic phenotypic and physiological diversifications due to successive selection by breeders toward high yield and quality. Although photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) is a major trait for understanding leaf nitrogen economy, it is unclear whether PNUE of cotton has been improved under domestication. Here, we investigated the effect of domestication on nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery and PNUE in 25 wild and 37 domesticated cotton genotypes. The results showed that domesticated genotypes had higher nitrogen content per mass (Nm), net photosynthesis under saturated light (Asat), and PNUE but similar nitrogen content per area (Na) compared with wild genotypes. As expected, in both genotypes, PNUE was positively related to Asat but negatively correlated with Na. However, the relative contribution of Asat to PNUE was greater than the contribution from Na. Domesticated genotypes had higher nitrogen allocation to light-harvesting (NL, nitrogen in light-harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex), to bioenergetics (Nb, total nitrogen of cytochrome f, ferredoxin NADP reductase, and the coupling factor), and to Rubisco (Nr) than wild genotypes; however, the two genotype groups did not differ in PNUEp, the ratio of Asat to Np (itself the sum of NL, Nb, and Nr). Our results suggest that more nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic machinery has boosted Asat under cotton domestication. Improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in photosynthetic machinery might be future aim to enhance Asat of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Ying Lei
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Zi-Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Sheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Wang-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
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Li S, Hamani AKM, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Gao Y, Duan A. Coordination of leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economical traits in tomato seedlings acclimation to long-term drought. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:536. [PMID: 34781896 PMCID: PMC8591842 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf hydraulic and economics traits are critical for balancing plant water and CO2 exchange, and their relationship has been widely studied. Leaf anatomical traits determine the efficiency of CO2 diffusion within mesophyll structure. However, it remains unclear whether leaf anatomical traits are associated with leaf hydraulic and economics traits acclimation to long-term drought. RESULTS To address this knowledge gap, eight hydraulic traits, including stomatal and venation structures, four economics traits, including leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and the ratio between palisade and spongy mesophyll thickness (PT/ST), and four anatomical traits related to CO2 diffusion were measured in tomato seedlings under the long-term drought conditions. Redundancy analysis indicated that the long-term drought decreased stomatal conductance (gs) mainly due to a synchronized reduction in hydraulic structure such as leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) and major vein width. Simultaneously, stomatal aperture on the adaxial surface and minor vein density (VDminor) also contributed a lot to this reduction. The decreases in mesophyll thickness (Tmes) and chlorophyll surface area exposed to leaf intercellular air spaces (Sc/S) were primarily responsible for the decline of mesophyll conductance (gm) thereby affecting photosynthesis. Drought increased leaf density (LD) thus limited CO2 diffusion. In addition, LMA may not be important in regulating gm in tomato under drought. Principal component analysis revealed that main anatomical traits such as Tmes and Sc/S were positively correlated to Kleaf, VDminor and leaf thickness (LT), while negatively associated with PT/ST. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that leaf anatomy plays an important role in maintaining the balance between water supply and CO2 diffusion responses to drought. There was a strong coordination between leaf hydraulic, anatomical, and economical traits in tomato seedlings acclimation to long-term drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Yueping Liang
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China.
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, 453002, China.
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Li H, Li J, Zhang X, Shi T, Chai X, Hou P, Wang Y. Mesophyll conductance, photoprotective process and optimal N partitioning are essential to the maintenance of photosynthesis at N deficient condition in a wheat yellow-green mutant (Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 263:153469. [PMID: 34252704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The major effect of nitrogen (N) deficiency is the inhibition on CO2 assimilation regulated by light energy absorption, transport and conversion, as well as N allocation. In this study, a yellow-green wheat mutant (Jimai5265yg) and its wild type (Jimai5265, WT) were compared between 0 mM N (N0) and 14 mM N (N14) treatments using hydroponic experiments. The mutant exhibited higher photosynthetic efficiency (An) than WT despite low chlorophyll (Chl) content in non-stressed conditions. The photosynthetic advantages of the mutant were maintained under N deficient condition. The quantitative analysis of limitations to photosynthesis revealed that CO2 diffusion associated with mesophyll conductance (gm) was the dominant limitation. Relative easiness to gain CO2 in the chloroplast contributed to the higher An of Jimai5265yg. N deficiency induced the photoinhibition of PSII, but the cyclic electron transport and photochemical activity of PSI was higher in Jimai5265yg compared to Jimai5265, which was a protective mechanism to avoid photodamage. Because of the sharp drop of An, N deficient seedlings had much lower photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE). However, N deficiency increased the relative content of photosynthetic N (Npsn) and decreased the relative content of storage N (Nstore). The range of change in N partitioning induced by N deficiency was smaller for Jimai5265yg compared to WT. The less insensitive to N deficiency for the mutant in terms of photosynthetic property and N partitioning suggested that gm, cyclic electron transport around PSI and more optimal N partitioning pattern is necessary to sustain photosynthesis under N deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Tingrui Shi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Xinyu Chai
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Peijia Hou
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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de Ávila Silva L, Omena-Garcia RP, Condori-Apfata JA, Costa PMDA, Silva NM, DaMatta FM, Zsögön A, Araújo WL, de Toledo Picoli EA, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A. Specific leaf area is modulated by nitrogen via changes in primary metabolism and parenchymal thickness in pepper. PLANTA 2021; 253:16. [PMID: 33392753 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen promotes changes in SLA through metabolism and anatomical traits in Capsicum plants. Specific leaf area (SLA) is a key trait influencing light interception and light use efficiency that often impacts plant growth and production. SLA is a key trait explaining growth variations of plant species under different environments. Both light and nitrogen (N) supply are important determinants of SLA. To better understand the effect of irradiance level and N on SLA in Capsicum chinense, we evaluated primary metabolites and morphological traits of two commercial cultivars (Biquinho and Habanero) in response to changes in both parameters. Both genotypes showed increased SLA with shading, and a decrease in SLA in response to increased N supply, however, with Habanero showing a stable SLA in the range of N deficiency to sufficient N doses. Correlation analyses indicated that decreased SLA in response to higher N supply was mediated by altered amino acids, protein, and starch levels, influencing leaf density. Moreover, in the range of moderate N deficiency to N sufficiency, both genotypes exhibited differences in SLA response, with Biquinho and Habanero displaying alterations on palisade and spongy parenchyma, respectively. Altogether, the results suggest that SLA responses to N supply are modulated by the balance between certain metabolites content and genotype-dependent changes in the parenchyma cells influencing leaf thickness and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Ávila Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca P Omena-Garcia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Machado Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Edgard A de Toledo Picoli
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, National University of Ireland, Ryan Institute, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Lu Z, Ren T, Li J, Hu W, Zhang J, Yan J, Li X, Cong R, Guo S, Lu J. Nutrition-mediated cell and tissue-level anatomy triggers the covariation of leaf photosynthesis and leaf mass per area. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6524-6537. [PMID: 32725164 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants in nutrient-poor habitats converge towards lower rates of leaf net CO2 assimilation (Aarea); however, they display variability in leaf mass investment per area (LMA). How a plant optimizes its leaf internal carbon investment may have knock-on effects on structural traits and, in turn, affect leaf carbon fixation. Quantitative models were applied to evaluate the structural causes of variations in LMA and their relevance to Aarea in rapeseed (Brassica napus) based on their responses to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and boron (B) deficiencies. Leaf carbon fixation decreased in response to nutrient deficiency, but the photosynthetic limitations varied greatly depending on the deficient nutrient. In comparison with Aarea, the LMA exhibited diverse responses, being increased under P or B deficiency, decreased under K deficiency, and unaffected under N deficiency. These variations were due to changes in cell- and tissue-level carbon investments between cell dry mass density (N or K deficiency) and cellular anatomy, including cell dimension and number (P deficiency), or both (B deficiency). However, there was a conserved pattern independent of nutrient-specific limitations-low nutrient availability reduced leaf carbon fixation but increased carbon investment in non-photosynthetic structures, resulting in larger but fewer mesophyll cells with a thicker cell wall but a lower chloroplast surface area appressed to the intercellular airspace, which reduced the mesophyll conductance and feedback-limited Aarea. Our results provide insight into the importance of mineral nutrients in balancing the leaf carbon economy by coordinating leaf carbon assimilation and internal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenshi Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianglin Zhang
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyao Yan
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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10
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Ye M, Zhang Z, Huang G, Xiong Z, Peng S, Li Y. High leaf mass per area Oryza genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and show a low mesophyll conductance. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa028. [PMID: 32765824 PMCID: PMC7396964 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The intraspecific variations of leaf structure and anatomy in rice leaves and their impacts on gas diffusion are still unknown. Researches about the tradeoff between structural compositions and intracellular chemical components within rice leaves are still lacking. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the varietal differences in leaf structure and leaf chemical compositions, and the tradeoff between leaf structural tissues and intracellular chemical components in rice leaves. Leaf structure, leaf anatomy, leaf chemical composition concentrations and gas exchange parameters were measured on eight Oryza sativa L. genotypes to investigate the intraspecific variations in leaf structure and leaf anatomy and their impacts on gas exchange parameters, and to study the tradeoff between leaf structural compositions (cell wall compounds) and intracellular chemical components (non-structural carbohydrates, nitrogen, chlorophyll). Leaf thickness increased with leaf mass per area (LMA), while leaf density did not correlate with LMA. Mesophyll cell surface area exposed to intercellular airspace (IAS) per leaf area, the surface area of chloroplasts exposed to IAS and cell wall thickness increased with LMA. Cell wall compounds accounted for 71.5 % of leaf dry mass, while mass-based nitrogen and chlorophyll concentrations decreased with LMA. Mesophyll conductance was negatively correlated with LMA and cell wall thickness. High LMA rice genotypes invest more leaf mass to cell wall and possess a low mesophyll conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengcan Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Li
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Corresponding author’s e-mail address:
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11
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Reddy SH, Singhal RK, DaCosta MVJ, Kambalimath SK, Rajanna MP, Muthurajan R, Sevanthi AM, Mohapatra T, Sarla N, Chinnusamy V, S GK, Singh AK, Singh NK, Sharma RP, Pathappa N, Sheshshayee SM. Leaf mass area determines water use efficiency through its influence on carbon gain in rice mutants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:194-213. [PMID: 31912892 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Saving water and enhancing rice productivity are consensually the most important research goals globally. While increasing canopy cover would enhance growth rates by higher photosynthetic carbon gain, an accompanied increase in transpiration would have a negative impact on saving water as well as for sustainability under water-limited conditions. Increased water use efficiency (WUE) by virtue of higher carbon assimilatory capacity can significantly circumvent this trade-off. Here, we report leaf mass area (LMA) has an important canopy architecture trait which when combined with superior carboxylation efficiency (CE) would achieve higher water productivity in rice. A set of 130 ethyl methanesulfonate induced mutants of an upland cultivar Nagina-22 (N22), was screened for leaf morphological traits leading to the identification of mutants differing in LMA. The wild-type, N22, along with a selected low-LMA (380-4-3) and two high-LMA mutants (392-9-1 and 457-1-3), all with comparable total leaf area, were raised under well-watered (100% Field Capacity (FC)) and water-limited (60% FC) conditions. Low Δ13 C and a higher RuBisCO content in high-LMA mutants indicated higher carboxylation efficiency, leading to increased carbon gain. Single parent backcross populations developed by crossing high and the low-LMA mutants with N22, separately, were screened for LMA, Δ13 C and growth traits. Comparison of dry matter accumulation per unit leaf area among the progenies differing in LMA and Δ13 C reiterated the association of LMA with CE. Results illustrated that high-LMA when combined with higher CE (low Δ13 C) lead to increased WUE and growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Singhal
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | | | | | - Raveendran Muthurajan
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | | | | | | | - Viswanathan Chinnusamy
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopala Krishnan S
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Sreeman M Sheshshayee
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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12
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Yang Y, Zhang Q, Huang G, Peng S, Li Y. Temperature responses of photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance in rice and wheat. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1437-1451. [PMID: 32073150 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the temperature (T) responses of photosynthesis and leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) are important to plant gas exchange. In this study, the temperature responses of photosynthesis and Kleaf were studied in Shanyou 63 (Oryza sativa) and Yannong 19 (Triticum aestivum). Leaf water potential (Ψleaf ) was insensitive to T in Shanyou 63, while it significantly decreased with T in Yannong 19. The differential Ψleaf - T relationship partially accounted for the differing gm -T relationships, where gm was less sensitive to T in Yannong 19 than in Shanyou 63. With different gm -T and Ψleaf -T relationships, the temperature responses of photosynthetic limitations were surprisingly similar between the two lines, and the photosynthetic rate was highly correlated with gm . With the increasing T, Kleaf increased in Shanyou 63 while it decreased in Yannong 19. The different Kleaf -T relationships were related to different Ψleaf -T relationships. When excluding the effects of water viscosity and Ψleaf , Kleaf was insensitive to T in both lines. gm and Kleaf were generally not coordinated across different temperatures. This study highlights the importance of Ψleaf on leaf carbon and water exchanges, and the mechanisms for the gm -T and Kleaf -T relationships were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobing Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Hou W, Tränkner M, Lu J, Yan J, Huang S, Ren T, Cong R, Li X. Diagnosis of Nitrogen Nutrition in Rice Leaves Influenced by Potassium Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32174942 PMCID: PMC7056715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of nitrogen (N) status by leaf color is a kind of classic nutritional diagnostic method. However, the color of leaves is influenced not only by N, but also by other nutrients such as potassium (K). Two-year field trials with a factorial combination of N and K were conducted to investigate the effects of different N and K rates on soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings and leaf N, K, magnesium (Mg), and chlorophyll concentrations. Visual inspections in leaf greenness revealed darker green leaves with increasing N rates, while paler green leaves with increasing K rates. Data showed that SPAD readings, chlorophyll, N and Mg concentrations, and the chloroplast area increased significantly with raising N rates, while declined sharply with the increase in K rates due to the antagonistic relationships between K+ and NH4 + as well as Mg2+. It was also probable that the increase in K promoted the growth of leaves and diluted their N and Mg concentrations. The paler leaf appearance resulting from the application of K may overestimate the actual demand for N in the diagnosis of rice N status. The strong antagonistic relationships between K+, NH4 +, and Mg2+ should be considered in rice production and fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Merle Tränkner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Applied Plant Nutrition (IAPN), Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture/Microelement Research Center/College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Assessment of UAV-Onboard Multispectral Sensor for Non-Destructive Site-Specific Rapeseed Crop Phenotype Variable at Different Phenological Stages and Resolutions. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12030397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with spectral sensors have become useful in the fast and non-destructive assessment of crop growth, endurance and resource dynamics. This study is intended to inspect the capabilities of UAV-onboard multispectral sensors for non-destructive phenotype variables, including leaf area index (LAI), leaf mass per area (LMA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of rapeseed oil at different growth stages. In addition, the raw image data with high ground resolution (20 cm) were resampled to 30, 50 and 100 cm to determine the influence of resolution on the estimation of phenotype variables by using vegetation indices (VIs). Quadratic polynomial regression was applied to the quantitative analysis at different resolutions and growth stages. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error results indicated the significant accuracy of the LAI estimation, wherein the highest R2 values were attained by RVI = 0.93 and MTVI2 = 0.89 at the elongation stage. The noise equivalent of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses at the different growth stages accounted for the sensitivity of VIs, which revealed the optimal VIs of RVI, MTVI2 and MSAVI in the LAI estimation. LMA and SLA, which showed significant accuracies at (R2 = 0.85, 0.81) and (R2 = 0.85, 0.71), were estimated on the basis of the predicted leaf dry weight and LAI at the elongation and flowering stages, respectively. No significant variations were observed in the measured regression coefficients using different resolution images. Results demonstrated the significant potential of UAV-onboard multispectral sensor and empirical method for the non-destructive retrieval of crop canopy variables.
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15
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Paulus S. Measuring crops in 3D: using geometry for plant phenotyping. PLANT METHODS 2019; 15:103. [PMID: 31497064 PMCID: PMC6719375 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-019-0490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Using 3D sensing for plant phenotyping has risen within the last years. This review provides an overview on 3D traits for the demands of plant phenotyping considering different measuring techniques, derived traits and use-cases of biological applications. A comparison between a high resolution 3D measuring device and an established measuring tool, the leaf meter, is shown to categorize the possible measurement accuracy. Furthermore, different measuring techniques such as laser triangulation, structure from motion, time-of-flight, terrestrial laser scanning or structured light approaches enable the assessment of plant traits such as leaf width and length, plant size, volume and development on plant and organ level. The introduced traits were shown with respect to the measured plant types, the used measuring technique and the link to their biological use case. These were trait and growth analysis for measurements over time as well as more complex investigation on water budget, drought responses and QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis. The used processing pipelines were generalized in a 3D point cloud processing workflow showing the single processing steps to derive plant parameters on plant level, on organ level using machine learning or over time using time series measurements. Finally the next step in plant sensing, the fusion of different sensor types namely 3D and spectral measurements is introduced by an example on sugar beet. This multi-dimensional plant model is the key to model the influence of geometry on radiometric measurements and to correct it. This publication depicts the state of the art for 3D measuring of plant traits as they were used in plant phenotyping regarding how the data is acquired, how this data is processed and what kind of traits is measured at the single plant, the miniplot, the experimental field and the open field scale. Future research will focus on highly resolved point clouds on the experimental and field scale as well as on the automated trait extraction of organ traits to track organ development at these scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Paulus
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Holtenser Landstr. 77, 37079 Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Genome-wide association mapping of leaf mass traits in a Vietnamese rice landrace panel. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219274. [PMID: 31283792 PMCID: PMC6613685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf traits are often strongly correlated with yield, which poses a major challenge in rice breeding. In the present study, using a panel of Vietnamese rice landraces genotyped with 21,623 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted for several leaf traits during the vegetative stage. Vietnamese landraces are often poorly represented in panels used for GWAS, even though they are adapted to contrasting agrosystems and can contain original, valuable genetic determinants. A panel of 180 rice varieties was grown in pots for four weeks with three replicates under nethouse conditions. Different leaf traits were measured on the second fully expanded leaf of the main tiller, which often plays a major role in determining the photosynthetic capacity of the plant. The leaf fresh weight, turgid weight and dry weight were measured; then, from these measurements, the relative tissue weight and leaf dry matter percentage were computed. The leaf dry matter percentage can be considered a proxy for the photosynthetic efficiency per unit leaf area, which contributes to yield. By a GWAS, thirteen QTLs associated with these leaf traits were identified. Eleven QTLs were identified for fresh weight, eleven for turgid weight, one for dry weight, one for relative tissue weight and one for leaf dry matter percentage. Eleven QTLs presented associations with several traits, suggesting that these traits share common genetic determinants, while one QTL was specific to leaf dry matter percentage and one QTL was specific to relative tissue weight. Interestingly, some of these QTLs colocalize with leaf- or yield-related QTLs previously identified using other material. Several genes within these QTLs with a known function in leaf development or physiology are reviewed.
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17
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Lin S, Shao L, Hui C, Song Y, Reddy GVP, Gielis J, Li F, Ding Y, Wei Q, Shi P. Why Does Not the Leaf Weight-Area Allometry of Bamboos Follow the 3/2-Power Law? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:583. [PMID: 29780397 PMCID: PMC5945892 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The principle of similarity (Thompson, 1917) states that the weight of an organism follows the 3/2-power law of its surface area and is proportional to its volume on the condition that the density is constant. However, the allometric relationship between leaf weight and leaf area has been reported to greatly deviate from the 3/2-power law, with the irregularity of leaf density largely ignored for explaining this deviation. Here, we choose 11 bamboo species to explore the allometric relationships among leaf area (A), density (ρ), length (L), thickness (T), and weight (W). Because the edge of a bamboo leaf follows a simplified two-parameter Gielis equation, we could show that A ∝ L2 and that A ∝ T2. This then allowed us to derive the density-thickness allometry ρ ∝ Tb and the weight-area allometry W ∝ A(b+3)/2 ≈ A9/8, where b approximates -3/4. Leaf density is strikingly negatively associated with leaf thickness, and it is this inverse relationship that results in the weight-area allometry to deviate from the 3/2-power law. In conclusion, although plants are prone to invest less dry mass and thus produce thinner leaves when the leaf area is sufficient for photosynthesis, such leaf thinning needs to be accompanied with elevated density to ensure structural stability. The findings provide the insights on the evolutionary clue about the biomass investment and output of photosynthetic organs of plants. Because of the importance of leaves, plants could have enhanced the ratio of dry material per unit area of leaf in order to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis, relative the other parts of plants. Although the conclusion is drawn only based on 11 bamboo species, it should also be applicable to the other plants, especially considering previous works on the exponent of the weight-area relationship being less than 3/2 in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Lin
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijuan Shao
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Invasion Biology, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Yu Song
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Gadi V. P. Reddy
- Western Triangle Agricultural Research Centre, Montana State University, Conrad, MT, United States
| | - Johan Gielis
- Department of Biosciences Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fang Li
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yulong Ding
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peijian Shi
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Bamboo Research Institute, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Flexas J, Cano FJ, Carriquí M, Coopman RE, Mizokami Y, Tholen D, Xiong D. CO2 Diffusion Inside Photosynthetic Organs. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Din M, Zheng W, Rashid M, Wang S, Shi Z. Evaluating Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices for Leaf Area Index Estimation of Oryza sativa L. at Diverse Phenological Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:820. [PMID: 28588596 PMCID: PMC5438995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral reflectance derived vegetation indices (VIs) are used for non-destructive leaf area index (LAI) monitoring for precise and efficient N nutrition management. This study tested the hypothesis that there is potential for using various hyperspectral VIs for estimating LAI at different growth stages of rice under varying N rates. Hyperspectral reflectance and crop canopy LAI measurements were carried out over 2 years (2015 and 2016) in Meichuan, Hubei, China. Different N fertilization, 0, 45, 82, 127, 165, 210, 247, and 292 kg ha-1, were applied to generate various scales of VIs and LAI values. Regression models were used to perform quantitative analyses between spectral VIs and LAI measured under different phenological stages. In addition, the coefficient of determination and RMSE were employed to evaluate these models. Among the nine VIs, the ratio vegetation index, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI), modified triangular vegetation index (MTVI2) and exhibited strong and significant relationships with the LAI estimation at different phenological stages. The enhanced vegetation index performed moderately. However, the green normalized vegetation index and blue normalized vegetation index confirmed that there is potential for crop LAI estimation at early phenological stages; the soil-adjusted vegetation index and optimized soil-adjusted vegetation index were more related to the soil optical properties, which were predicted to be the least accurate for LAI estimation. The noise equivalent accounted for the sensitivity of the VIs and MSAVI, MTVI2, and NDVI for the LAI estimation at phenological stages. The results note that LAI at different crop phenological stages has a significant influence on the potential of hyperspectral derived VIs under different N management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mairaj Din
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and BiologyFaisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shanqin Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shanqin Wang,
| | - Zhihua Shi
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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