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Chengatt AP, Sarath NG, A M S, Sebastian DP, George S. 6-Benzylaminopurine mediated augmentation of cadmium phytostabilization potential in Strobilanthes alternata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1893-1913. [PMID: 38836518 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2360573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study unveiled the cadmium phytoremediation potential and its augmentation using 6-Benzylaminopurine in Strobilanthes alternata. Cadmium stress was provided by applying 250 mg/kg cadmium chloride in soil and 25 ppm of 6-BAP (25 ml) was administered to the plants as foliar spray. The results revealed high bioconcentration factor (BCF) (18.82 ± 0.54) and low translocation factor (TF) values (0.055 ± 0.002) for the plant based on which we strongly recommend S. alternata as a promising candidate for Cd phytoremediation. The phytostabilization potential of the plant was further enhanced by applying 6-BAP, which augmented its BCF to 22.09 ± 0.64 and reduced the TF to 0.038 ± 0.001. Cd toxicity caused a reduction of plant growth parameters, root volume, adaxial-abaxial stomatal indices, relative water content, tolerance index, moisture content, membrane stability index, and xylem vessel diameter in S. alternata. However, Cd + 6-BAP treated plants exhibited an increase of the same compared to Cd-treated plants. FTIR analysis of Cd + 6-BAP treated plants revealed increased deposition of hemicellulose, causing enhanced retention of Cd in the root xylem walls, which is largely responsible for increased phytostabilization of Cd. Therefore, 6-BAP application in S. alternata can be exploited to restore Cd-contaminated areas effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Prakash Chengatt
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Devagiri, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Nair G Sarath
- Department of Botany, Mar Athanasius College (Autonomous), Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - Shackira A M
- Department of Botany, Sir Syed College, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, India
| | - Delse Parekkattil Sebastian
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Devagiri, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - Satheesh George
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous) Devagiri, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
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Wang M, Yang X. Effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on blueberry growth and rhizosphere soil microenvironment. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16992. [PMID: 38426138 PMCID: PMC10903360 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have a specific symbiotic relationship with plants and rhizosphere soil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PGPR on blueberry plant growth, rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microbial community. Methods In this study, nine PGPR strains, belonging to the genera Pseudomonas and Buttiauxella, were selected and added into the soil in which the blueberry cuttings were planted. All the physiological indexes of the cuttings and all rhizospheric soil element contents were determined on day 6 after the quartic root irrigation experiments were completed. The microbial diversity in the soil was determined using high-throughput amplicon sequencing technology. The correlations between phosphorus solubilization, the auxin production of PGPR strains, and the physiological indexes of blueberry plants, and the correlation between rhizospheric microbial diversity and soil element contents were determined using the Pearson's correlation, Kendall's tau correlation and Spearman's rank correlation analysis methods. Results The branch number, leaf number, chlorophyllcontentand plant height of the treated blueberry group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The rhizospheric soil element contents also increased after PGPR root irrigation. The rhizospheric microbial community structure changed significantly under the PGPR of root irrigation. The dominant phyla, except Actinomycetota, in the soil samples had the greatest correlation with phosphorus solubilization and the auxin production of PGPR strains. The branch number, leaf number, and chlorophyllcontent had a positive correlation with the phosphorus solubilization and auxin production of PGPR strains and soil element contents. In conclusion, plant growth could be promoted by the root irrigation of PGPR to improve rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microenvironment, with modification of the rhizospheric soil microbial community. Discussion Plant growth could be promoted by the root irrigation of PGPR to improve rhizospheric soil nutrients and the microenvironment, with the modification of the rhizospheric soil microbial community. These data may help us to better understand the positive effects of PGPR on blueberry growth and the rhizosphere soil microenvironment, as well as provide a research basis for the subsequent development of a rhizosphere-promoting microbial fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Comprehensive Development of Biological Resources in Qinling-Ba Mountains, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinlong Yang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
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Wu D, Li L, Li C, Dun B, Zhang J, Li T, Zhou C, Tan D, Yang C, Huang G, Zhang X. Apoplastic histochemical features of plant root walls that may facilitate ion uptake and retention. Open Life Sci 2022; 16:1347-1356. [PMID: 35071769 PMCID: PMC8749128 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used brightfield and epifluorescence microscopy, as well as permeability tests, to investigate the apoplastic histochemical features of plant roots associated with ion hyperaccumulation, invasion, and tolerance of oligotrophic conditions. In hyperaccumulator species with a hypodermis (exodermis absent), ions penetrated the root apex, including the root cap. By contrast, in non-hyperaccumulator species possessing an exodermis, ions did not penetrate the root cap. In vivo, the lignified hypodermis blocked the entry of ions into the cortex, while root exodermis absorbed ions and restricted them to the cortex. The roots of the hyperaccumulators Pteris vittata and Cardamine hupingshanensis, as well as the aquatic invasives Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eichhornia crassipes, and Pistia stratiotes, contained lignin and pectins. These compounds may trap and store ions before hypodermis maturation, facilitating ion hyperaccumulation and retention in the apoplastic spaces of the roots. These apoplastic histochemical features were consistent with certain species-specific characters, including ion hyperaccumulation, invasive behaviors in aquatic environments, or tolerance of oligotrophic conditions. We suggest that apoplastic histochemical features of the root may act as invasion mechanisms, allowing these invasive aquatic plants to outcompete indigenous plants for ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Linbao Li
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Chengdao Li
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Bicheng Dun
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Ten Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Cunyu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Debao Tan
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430010, China
| | - Chaodong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Guiyun Huang
- Rare Plants Research Institute of Yangtze River, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei, 443000, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
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Effect of Cadmium Chloride and Cadmium Nitrate on Growth and Mineral Nutrient Content in the Root of Fava Bean ( Vicia faba L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10051007. [PMID: 34070227 PMCID: PMC8158726 DOI: 10.3390/plants10051007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to analyze the differences in the tolerance of fava bean (Vicia faba cv. Aštar) roots to cadmium in nitrate-Cd(NO3)2-and chloride-CdCl2-solutions. The physiological and biochemical parameters were assessed. The tested doses of Cd (50, 100, 150 and 300 mg/L) did not influence the germination of seeds. However, considerable growth inhibition and dehydration were observed after 96 h incubation. The thickness of roots and rupture of cell membranes increased along with the increasing concentration of the metal in the solution. At a Cd dose of 300 mg/L, irrespective of the solution used, increased nitrogen concentration and no change in sodium content were observed. The content of magnesium increased due to the dose of 100 mg/L (cadmium nitrate) and the content of calcium increased due to the dose of 300 mg/L (in either nitrate or chloride). The correlation analyses pointed to a possible effect of nitrates in the applied solutions on the accumulation of Cd and some minerals in the roots of the given variety of fava bean. This may be important for both research and agricultural practice. The identification of crops with high tolerance to cadmium, as well as knowledge about the mechanisms of ion interactions at the soil solution-plant level, is important in terms of such crops' use in the process of the remediation of cadmium-contaminated soils coupled with food production.
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Huang L, Jiang Q, Wu J, An L, Zhou Z, Wong C, Wu M, Yu H, Gan Y. Zinc finger protein 5 (ZFP5) associates with ethylene signaling to regulate the phosphate and potassium deficiency-induced root hair development in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:143-158. [PMID: 31782079 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Zinc finger protein transcription factor ZFP5 positively regulates root hair elongation in response to Pi and potassium deficiency by mainly activating the expression of EIN2 in Arabidopsis. Phosphate (Pi) and potassium (K+) are major plant nutrients required for plant growth and development, and plants respond to low-nutrient conditions via metabolic and morphology changes. The C2H2 transcription factor ZFP5 is a key regulator of trichome and root hair development in Arabidopsis. However, its role in regulating root hair development under nutrient deprivations remains unknown. Here, we show that Pi and potassium deficiency could not restore the short root hair phenotype of zfp5 mutant and ZFP5 RNAi lines to wild type level. The deprivation of either of these nutrients also induced the expression of ZFP5 and the activity of an ethylene reporter, pEBS:GUS. The significant reduction of root hair length in ein2-1 and ein3-1 as compared to wild-type under Pi and potassium deficiency supports the involvement of ethylene in root hair elongation. Furthermore, the application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) significantly enhanced the expression level of ZFP5 while the application of 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) had the opposite effect when either Pi or potassium was deprived. Further experiments reveal that ZFP5 mainly regulates transcription of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2 (EIN2) to control deficiency-mediated root hair development through ethylene signaling. Generally, these results suggest that ZFP5 regulates root hair elongation by interacting with ethylene signaling mainly through regulates the expression of EIN2 in response to Pi and potassium deficiency in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linli Huang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qining Jiang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijun An
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Rd, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Rd, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - ChuiEng Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Minjie Wu
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Xiang J, Ming J, Yin H, Zhu Y, Li Y, Long L, Ye Z, Wang H, Wang X, Zhang F, Yang Y, Yang C. Anatomy and Histochemistry of the Roots and Shoots in the Aquatic Selenium Hyperaccumulator Cardamine Hupingshanensis (Brassicaceae). Open Life Sci 2019; 14:318-326. [PMID: 33817165 PMCID: PMC7874794 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The perennial selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator Cardamine hupingshanensis (Brassicaceae) thrives in aquatic and subaquatic Se-rich environments along the Wuling Mountains, China. Using bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy, the present study determined the anatomical structures and histochemical features that allow this species to survive in Se-rich aquatic environments. The roots of C. hupingshanensis have an endodermis with Casparian walls, suberin lamellae, and lignified secondary cell walls; the cortex and hypodermal walls have phi (Φ) thickenings; and the mature taproots have a secondary structure with a periderm. The stems possess a lignified sclerenchymal ring and an endodermis, and the pith and cortex walls have polysaccharide-rich collenchyma. Air spaces are present in the intercellular spaces and aerenchyma in the cortex and pith of the roots and shoots. The dense fine roots with lignified Φ thickenings and polysaccharide-rich collenchyma in the shoots may allow C. hupingshanensis to hyperaccumulate Se. Overall, our study elucidated the anatomical features that permit C. hupingshanensis to thrive in Se-rich aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqian Xiang
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Jiajia Ming
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Hongqing Yin
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Yunfen Zhu
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Yajie Li
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Lan Long
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Ziyun Ye
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Xiaoe Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou,434025 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou,434025 China
| | - Yongkang Yang
- Hubei Selenium Industry Technology Research Institute, Enshi 454000 China
| | - Chaodong Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agriculture Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou,434025 China
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Chaffey N, Volkmann D, Baluška F. The botanical multiverse of Peter Barlow. Commun Integr Biol 2019; 12:14-30. [PMID: 31156759 PMCID: PMC6529214 DOI: 10.1080/19420889.2019.1575788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dr Peter Barlow, who died in 2017, was one of the most respected botanists and biologists of the latter half of the 20th Century. His interests covered a wide range of plant biological topics, e.g. root growth and development, plant cytoskeleton, effects of gravity, plant intelligence, pattern formation, and evolution of eukaryotic cells. Here we consider Peter's numerous contributions to the: elucidation of plant patterns; understanding of root biology; role of the plant cytoskeleton in growth and development; influence of the Moon on terrestrial vegetation; Cell Body concept; and plant neurobiology. In so doing we attempt not only to provide an overview of Peter's important work in many areas of plant biology, but also to place that work in the context of recent advances in plant and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Chaffey
- College of Liberal Arts, Bath Spa University, Bath, UK
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