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Das D, Tangjang S. Bio-stabilization of toxic weeds (Xanthium strumarium and Lantana camara) implementing mono- and polyculture of Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:49891-49904. [PMID: 39085693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the synergistic impact of earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae) and microbes during vermicomposting of invasive weed phytomass (Xanthium strumarium and Lantana camara). This study aims introducing an onsite solution for weed control while producing valuable organic manure. Vermitransformation and detailed characterization of mono- (VC1, VC2, VC4, VC5) and polyculture (VC3, VC6) of X. strumarium and L. camara has been reported for the first time employing E. fetida and E. eugeniae. The study achieved 45.16 ± 2.48-76.73 ± 1.37% vermiconvertion rate. The pH, conductivity, and concentration of heavy metals are effectively stabilized. Furthermore, it observed a significant reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) alongside the augmentation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and other trace elements (Zn, Ni, Fe). The ash content, humification index, and C/N ratio analysis established the maturity of the vermicompost. The macronutrient enhancement in the vermicompost samples was recorded 1.5- to 2.47-fold for total N, 1.19- to 1.48-fold in available P, 1.1- to 1.2-fold in total K, and 1.1- to 1.18-fold in total Ca. The germination index reveals a significant reduction in phytotoxicity, suggesting the production of mature and suitable vermicompost for agricultural use. Evaluating mono- and polyculture techniques, the research highlights the superiority of E. fetida over E. eugeniae. Further, the earthworm population and biomass have significantly increased by the end of 60-day experimental trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimbeswar Das
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills-79112, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Botany, Eastern Karbi Anglong College, Sarihajan-782480, Karbi Anglong, Assam, India
| | - Sumpam Tangjang
- Department of Botany, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono Hills-79112, Doimukh, Arunachal Pradesh, India.
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Huang P, Hameed R, Abbas M, Balooch S, Alharthi B, Du Y, Abbas A, Younas A, Du D. Integrated omic techniques and their genomic features for invasive weeds. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:44. [PMID: 36680630 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00971-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging invasive weeds display rapid adaptation against different stressful environments compared to their natives. Rapid adaptation and dispersal habits helped invasive populations have strong diversity within the population compared to their natives. Advances in molecular marker techniques may lead to an in-depth understanding of the genetic diversity of invasive weeds. The use of molecular techniques is rapidly growing, and their implications in invasive weed studies are considered powerful tools for genome purposes. Here, we review different approach used multi-omics by invasive weed studies to understand the functional structural and genomic changes in these species under different environmental fluctuations, particularly, to check the accessibility of advance-sequencing techniques used by researchers in genome sequence projects. In this review-based study, we also examine the importance and efficiency of different molecular techniques in identifying and characterizing different genes, associated markers, proteins, metabolites, and key metabolic pathways in invasive and native weeds. Use of these techniques could help weed scientists to further reduce the knowledge gaps in understanding invasive weeds traits. Although these techniques can provide robust insights about the molecular functioning, employing a single omics platform can rarely elucidate the gene-level regulation and the associated real-time expression of weedy traits due to the complex and overlapping nature of biological interactions. We conclude that different multi-omic techniques will provide long-term benefits in launching new genome projects to enhance the understanding of invasive weeds' invasion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Rashida Hameed
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Manzer Abbas
- School of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sidra Balooch
- Institute of Botany, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Badr Alharthi
- Department of Biology, University College of Al Khurmah, Taif University, PO. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yizhou Du
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Computer Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adeel Abbas
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Afifa Younas
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Ramoneda J, Roux JJL, Frossard E, Frey B, Gamper HA. Geographical patterns of root nodule bacterial diversity in cultivated and wild populations of a woody legume crop. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 96:5874250. [PMID: 32691840 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is interest in understanding how cultivation, plant genotype, climate and soil conditions influence the biogeography of root nodule bacterial communities of legumes. For crops from regions with relict wild populations, this is of even greater interest because the effects of cultivation on symbiont communities can be revealed, which is of particular interest for bacteria such as rhizobia. Here, we determined the structure of root nodule bacterial communities of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis), a leguminous shrub endemic to South Africa. We related the community dissimilarities of the root nodule bacteria of 18 paired cultivated and wild rooibos populations to pairwise geographical distances, plant ecophysiological characteristics and soil physicochemical parameters. Using next-generation sequencing data, we identified region-, cultivation- and farm-specific operational taxonomic units for four distinct classes of root nodule bacterial communities, dominated by members of the genus Mesorhizobium. We found that while bacterial richness was locally increased by organic cultivation, strong biogeographical differentiation in the bacterial communities of wild rooibos disappeared with cultivation of one single cultivar across its entire cultivation range. This implies that expanding rooibos farming has the potential to endanger wild rooibos populations through the homogenisation of root nodule bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ramoneda
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Andres Gamper
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 1, 39100 Bolzano BZ, Italy
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Jack CN, Petipas RH, Cheeke TE, Rowland JL, Friesen ML. Microbial Inoculants: Silver Bullet or Microbial Jurassic Park? Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:299-308. [PMID: 33309525 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The appeal of using microbial inoculants to mediate plant traits and productivity in managed ecosystems has increased over the past decade, because microbes represent an alternative to fertilizers, pesticides, and direct genetic modification of plants. Using microbes bypasses many societal and environmental concerns because microbial products are considered a more sustainable and benign technology. In our desire to harness the power of plant-microbial symbioses, are we ignoring the possibility of precipitating microbial invasions, potentially setting ourselves up for a microbial Jurassic Park? Here, we outline potential negative consequences of microbial invasions and describe a set of practices (Testing, Regulation, Engineering, and Eradication, TREE) based on the four stages of invasion to prevent microbial inoculants from becoming invasive. We aim to stimulate discussion about best practices to proactively prevent microbial invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra N Jack
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Renee H Petipas
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Tanya E Cheeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Jennifer L Rowland
- AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow hosted by United States Department of Agriculture- APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine, Riverdale, MD 20737, USA
| | - Maren L Friesen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Ramoneda J, Le Roux JJ, Frossard E, Frey B, Gamper HA. Experimental assembly reveals ecological drift as a major driver of root nodule bacterial diversity in a woody legume crop. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5828728. [PMID: 32364226 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how plant-associated microbial communities assemble and the role they play in plant performance are major goals in microbial ecology. For nitrogen-fixing rhizobia, community assembly is generally driven by host plant selection and soil conditions. Here, we aimed to determine the relative importance of neutral and deterministic processes in the assembly of bacterial communities of root nodules of a legume shrub adapted to extreme nutrient limitation, rooibos (Aspalathus linearis Burm. Dahlgren). We grew rooibos seedlings in soil from cultivated land and wild habitats, and mixtures of these soils, sampled from a wide geographic area, and with a fertilization treatment. Bacterial communities were characterized using next generation sequencing of part of the nodA gene (i.e. common to the core rhizobial symbionts of rooibos), and part of the gyrB gene (i.e. common to all bacterial taxa). Ecological drift alone was a major driver of taxonomic turnover in the bacterial communities of root nodules (62.6% of gyrB communities). In contrast, the assembly of core rhizobial communities (genus Mesorhizobium) was driven by dispersal limitation in concert with drift (81.1% of nodA communities). This agrees with a scenario of rooibos-Mesorhizobium specificity in spatially separated subpopulations, and low host filtering of other bacteria colonizing root nodules in a stochastic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Ramoneda
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes J Le Roux
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park NSW 2109, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Andres Gamper
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzen-Bolzano,Piazza Università, 1, 39100 Bolzano BZ, Italy
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