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de Freitas MBL, Luna LP, Beatriz M, Pinto RK, Alves CHL, Bittencourt L, Nardi AE, Oertel V, Veras AB, de Lucena DF, Alves GS. Resting-state fMRI is associated with trauma experiences, mood and psychosis in Afro-descendants with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 340:111766. [PMID: 38408419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) may exhibit functional abnormalities in several brain areas, including the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex and hippocampus; however, a less explored topic is how brain connectivity is linked to premorbid trauma experiences and clinical features in non-Caucasian samples of SCZ and BD. METHODS Sixty-two individuals with SCZ (n = 20), BD (n = 21), and healthy controls (HC, n = 21) from indigenous and African ethnicity were submitted to clinical screening (Di-PAD), traumata experiences (ETISR-SF), cognitive and functional MRI assessment. The item psychosis/hallucinations in SCZ patients showed a negative correlation with the global efficiency (GE) in the right dorsal attention network. The items mania, irritable mood, and racing thoughts in the Di-PAD scale had a significant negative correlation with the GE in the parietal right default mode network. CONCLUSIONS Differences in the activation of specific networks were associated with earlier disease onset, history of physical abuse, and more severe psychotic and mood symptoms in SCZ and BD subjects of indigenous and black ethnicity. Findings provide further evidence on SZ and BD's brain connectivity disturbances, and their clinical significance, in non-Caucasian samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Licia P Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Márcia Beatriz
- Neuroradiology Service, São Domingos Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Candida H Lopes Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Lays Bittencourt
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Antônio E Nardi
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Frankfurt Goethe University, Germany
| | - André B Veras
- Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Sousa Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Service, Nina Rodrigues Hospital, São Luís, Brazil; Post-Graduation in Psychiatry and Mental Health (PROPSAM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Shapiro JS, Hearps S, Rausa VC, Anderson V, Anderson N, Pugh R, Chau T, Clarke C, Davis GA, Fabiano F, Fan F, Parkin GM, Takagi M, Babl FE. Validation of the SCAT5 and Child SCAT5 Word-List Memory Task. J Neurotrauma 2021; 39:138-143. [PMID: 33765839 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sports Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5) and the child version (Child SCAT5) are the current editions of the SCAT and have updated the memory testing component from previous editions. This study aimed to validate this new memory component against the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) as the validated standard. This prospective, observational study, carried out within The Royal Children's Hospital Emergency Department, Melbourne, Australia, recruited 198 participants: 91 with concussion and 107 upper limb injury or healthy sibling controls. Partial Pearson correlations showed that memory acquisition and recall on delay aspects of the SCAT5 were significantly correlated with the RAVLT equivalents when controlling for age (p < 0.001, r = 0.565 and p < 0.001, r = 0.341, respectively). Factor analysis showed that all RAVLT and SCAT5 memory components load on to the same factor, accounting for 59.13% of variance. Logistic regression models for both the RAVLT and SCAT5, however, did not predict group membership (p > 0.05). Receiver operating curve analysis found that the area under the curve for all variables and models was below the recommended 0.7 threshold. This study demonstrated that the SCAT5 and Child SCAT5 memory paradigm is a valid measure of memory in concussed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S Shapiro
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Hearps
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vanessa C Rausa
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vicki Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Psychology Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Anderson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Remy Pugh
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracey Chau
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cathriona Clarke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin A Davis
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Austin and Cabrini Hospitals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabian Fabiano
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Feiven Fan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgia M Parkin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Takagi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bliokas VV, Taylor JE, Leung J, Deane FP. Neuropsychological assessment of fitness to drive following acquired cognitive impairment. Brain Inj 2011; 25:471-87. [PMID: 21456997 DOI: 10.3109/02699052.2011.559609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE The study evaluated a neuropsychological assessment battery used to assess fitness to drive in cognitively impaired individuals and hypothesized that the battery would be associated with on-road outcome measures. A secondary aim was to explore the relationships between individual neuropsychological tests and driving performance. RESEARCH DESIGN The study used a cross-sectional design in which a sample of individuals with various types of cognitive impairment completed the test battery and an on-road driving test. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Performance on the test battery was compared to on-road driving performance in 104 individuals with acquired cognitive impairment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The battery had 73% sensitivity and 76% specificity in terms of agreement with the 'pass/fail' classification of the on-road driving test. Scores on the battery accounted for 18% of the variance in the total number of corrective interventions performed by a driving instructor during the on-road test. Most tests correlated significantly with driving test outcomes. While one test, the Rey Complex Figure Test, emerged as an independent predictor of driving performance in multiple regression analyses, the variance explained by this single test was small. CONCLUSIONS The results provide support for the use of a battery approach to assess fitness to drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida V Bliokas
- South East Sydney Illawarra Area Health Service, Port Kembla Hospital, Warrawong, NSW, Australia
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Geva R, Eshel R, Leitner Y, Fattal-Valevski A, Harel S. Memory functions of children born with asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction. Brain Res 2006; 1117:186-94. [PMID: 16962082 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Learning difficulties are frequently diagnosed in children born with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Models of various animal species with IUGR were studied and demonstrated specific susceptibility and alterations of the hippocampal formation and its related neural structures. The main purpose was to study memory functions of children born with asymmetric IUGR in a large-scale cohort using a long-term prospective paradigm. METHODS One hundred and ten infants diagnosed with IUGR were followed-up from birth to 9 years of age. Their performance was compared with a group of 63 children with comparable gestational age and multiple socioeconomic factors. Memory functions (short-term, super- and long-term spans) for different stimuli types (verbal and visual) were evaluated using Visual Auditory Digit Span tasks (VADS), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Rey-AVLT), and Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF). RESULTS Children with IUGR had short-term memory difficulties that hindered both serial verbal processing system and simultaneous processing of high-load visuo-spatial stimuli. The difficulties were not related to prematurity, neonatal complications or growth catch-up, but were augmented by lower maternal education. Recognition skills and benefits from reiteration, typically affected by hippocampal dysfunction, were preserved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Memory profile of children born with IUGR is characterized primarily by a short-term memory deficit that does not necessarily comply with a typical hippocampal deficit, but rather may reflect an executive short-term memory deficit characteristic of anterior hippocampal-prefrontal network. Implications for cognitive intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Geva
- The Institute for Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Kisley MA, Davalos DB, Engleman LL, Guinther PM, Davis HP. Age-related change in neural processing of time-dependent stimulus features. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:913-25. [PMID: 16257191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 08/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with changes in automatic processing of task-irrelevant stimuli, and this may lead to functional disturbances including repeated orienting to nonnovel events and distraction from task. The effect of age on automatic processing of time-dependent stimulus features was investigated by measurement of the auditory mismatch negativity (MMN) in younger (18-23) and older (55-85) adults. Amplitude of MMN recorded during a paradigm involving low-probability deviation in interstimulus interval (from 500 ms to 250 ms) was found to be reduced in the older group at fronto-central sites. This effect was paralleled by, and correlated to, decreased sensory gating efficiency for component N1 recorded during a separate paradigm involving alternate presentation of auditory stimuli at long (9 s) and short (0.5 s) interstimulus intervals. Further, MMN amplitude was correlated to behavioral performance on a small subset of neuropsychological tests, including the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, within a group of healthy older adults. The results support the hypothesis that aging is associated with declines in automatic processing of time-dependent stimulus features, and this is related to cognitive function. These conclusions are considered in the context of age-related declines in prefrontal cortex function and associated increases in susceptibility to task-irrelevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kisley
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80933-7150, USA.
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