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Carvallo C, Ramos-Henderson M. Trail making test - black & white (TMT B&W): Normative study for the Chilean population. J Neuropsychol 2024. [PMID: 38676338 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The trailmaking test (TMT) has an educational bias that makes it inapplicable to people with low levels of education due to its dependence on the alphabet. The TMT standardization is the only one available in Chile, and there is a need for alternative ways of using the TMT that do not depend on the level of education for its applicability. To determine the normative scores of the TMT - black & white (TMT B&W), considering sociodemographic factors in adult and elderly Chilean population. A total sample of 227 participants (133 healthy, 94 cognitively impaired) from the Ageing Mets cohort were recruited from three areas in Chile (Antofagasta, Santiago, and Puerto Montt). The TMT B&W was administered to all participants. A multiple regression model was used to generate normative data only in the cognitively healthy group, considering the effect of age, education and sex. A significant effect of age was found in the score of the TMT B&W Parts A and B. The level of education influenced the part B of the test; however, the completion rate of the TMT B&W parts A and B was over 90% in cognitively healthy people. Norms for the number of errors were obtained, and differences between groups were found after controlling for the effect of age and education. This study is the first to provide normative data for the Chilean version of the TMT B&W and will benefit clinical neuropsychologists by improving the procedures for more accurately assessing executive functions and its impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carvallo
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Gerontología Aplicada CIGAP, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Miguel Ramos-Henderson
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Gerontología Aplicada CIGAP, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Antofagasta, Chile
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Cognitiva, Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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Zhou Y, Yang WFZ, Wu Q, Ma Y, Zhou J, Ren H, Hao Y, Li M, Wang Y, Peng P, Yuan N, Xiong Y, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu T. Altered spontaneous neurological activity in methamphetamine use disorders and its association with cognitive function. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 94:103936. [PMID: 38359519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) is a widely used and detrimental drug, yet the precise mechanisms by which MA affects cognitive function remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive function and brain functional imaging in individuals with MA use disorder (MUD). METHODS This study involved 45 patients diagnosed with MUD and 43 healthy controls (HC). Cognitive function assessment utilized the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, and functional data were acquired using a 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner. RESULTS The MUD group exhibited lower regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in the bilateral postcentral, the left superior temporal, and the left lingual regions compared to the HC group. Additionally, the MUD group displayed higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values in the bilateral fusiform and the left putamen compared to the HC group, along with lower ALFF values in the bilateral postcentral cortices and the left middle cingulate cortex compared to the HC group (all p < 0.05, with false discovery rate corrected). Linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between the ReHo value in the right postcentral cortex and the neuropsychology assessment battery-mazes test (p = 0.014). Furthermore, the ALFF value in the left putamen showed negative correlations with the scores of the digit-symbol coding test (p = 0.027), continuous performance test (p = 0.037), and battery-mazes test (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Patients with MUD exhibit altered brain spontaneous neurological activities, and the intensity of spontaneous neurological activity in the left putamen is strongly associated with cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Winson Fu Zun Yang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts & Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Qiuxia Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuejiao Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Honghong Ren
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yuzhu Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ning Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Hunan Brain Hospital (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Aziz-Safaie T, Müller VI, Langner R, Eickhoff SB, Cieslik EC. The effect of task complexity on the neural network for response inhibition: An ALE meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 158:105544. [PMID: 38220034 PMCID: PMC11130604 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Response inhibition is classically investigated using the go/no-go (GNGT) and stop-signal task (SST), which conceptually measure different subprocesses of inhibition. Further, different task versions with varying levels of additional executive control demands exist, making it difficult to identify the core neural correlates of response inhibition independent of variations in task complexity. Using neuroimaging meta-analyses, we show that a divergent pattern of regions is consistently involved in the GNGT versus SST, arguing for different mechanisms involved when performing the two tasks. Further, for the GNGT a strong effect of task complexity was found, with regions of the multiple demand network (MDN) consistently involved particularly in the complex GNGT. In contrast, both standard and complex SST recruited the MDN to a similar degree. These results complement behavioral evidence suggesting that inhibitory control becomes automatic after some practice and is performed without input of higher control regions in the classic, standard GNGT, but continues to be implemented in a top-down controlled fashion in the SST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Aziz-Safaie
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.
| | - Veronika I Müller
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.
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Akhmadullina DR, Konovalov RN, Shpilyukova YA, Fedotova EY, Illarioshkin SN. Anomia: Deciphering Functional Neuroanatomy in Primary Progressive Aphasia Variants. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1703. [PMID: 38137151 PMCID: PMC10741652 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Naming decline is one of the most common symptoms of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). Most studies on anomia in PPA are performed without taking into account PPA variants, especially for action naming. Only limited data are available for the neuroanatomical basis of anomia considering differences in the pathogenesis of PPAs. The aim of our study is to investigate the associations between anomia severity for both noun and verb naming and gray matter (GM) atrophy, as well as accompanying functional connectivity (FC) changes in three PPA variants. A total of 17 patients with non-fluent (nfvPPA), 11 with semantic (svPPA), and 9 with logopenic (lvPPA) PPA variants were included in the study and underwent cognitive/naming assessments and brain MRIs. Voxel-based morphometry was performed to evaluate GM volume. A resting-state functional MRI was applied to investigate FC changes in the identified GM areas. The study shows that different brain regions are involved in naming decline in each PPA variant with a predominantly temporal lobe involvement in svPPA, parietal lobe involvement in lvPPA, and frontal lobe involvement in nfvPPA. Separate data for object and action naming in PPA variants are provided. The obtained results mainly correspond to the current understanding of language processing and indicate that the evaluation of language impairments is preferable for each PPA variant separately. A further analysis of larger cohorts of patients is necessary to confirm these preliminary results.
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Sambol S, Suleyman E, Scarfo J, Ball M. A true reflection of executive functioning or a representation of task-specific variance? Re-evaluating the unity/diversity framework. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 236:103934. [PMID: 37156119 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The unity/diversity framework, originally published by Miyake et al. (2000) has become the most cited model of executive functioning. Consequently, when researchers operationalise executive function (EF) they often exclusively assess the three "core" EFs: updating, shifting, and inhibition. However, rather than core EFs representing domain general cognitive abilities, these three EFs may instead represent specific procedural skills from the overlapping methodologies of the tasks selected. In this study, we conducted a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) which showed both the traditional three-factor and nested-factor model from the unity/diversity framework failed to reach satisfactory levels of fit. Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor model reflecting: an expanded working memory factor, a combined shifting/inhibition factor representing cognitive flexibility, and a factor comprised solely of the Stroop task. These results demonstrate that working memory remains the most robustly operationalised EF construct, whereas shifting and inhibition may represent task-specific mechanisms of a broader domain-general cognitive flexibility factor. Ultimately, there is little evidence to suggest that updating, shifting, and inhibition encapsulates all core EFs. Further research is needed to develop an ecologically valid model of executive functioning that captures the cognitive abilities associated with real world goal-directed behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stjepan Sambol
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Emra Suleyman
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Scarfo
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Rodríguez-Nieto G, Seer C, Sidlauskaite J, Vleugels L, Van Roy A, Hardwick R, Swinnen S. Inhibition, Shifting and Updating: Inter and intra-domain commonalities and differences from an executive functions activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119665. [PMID: 36202157 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions are higher-order mental processes that support goal-directed behavior. Among these processes, Inhibition, Updating, and Shifting have been considered core executive domains. In this meta-analysis, we comprehensively investigate the neural networks of these executive domains and we synthesize for the first time the neural convergences and divergences among the most frequently used executive paradigms within those domains. A systematic search yielded 1055 published neuroimaging studies (including 26,191 participants in total). Our study revealed that a fronto-parietal network was shared by the three main domains. Furthermore, we executed conjunction analyses among the paradigms of the same domain to extract the core distinctive components of the main executive domains. This approach showed that Inhibition and Shifting are characterized by a strongly lateralized neural activation in the right and left hemisphere, respectively. In addition, both networks overlapped with the Updating network but not with each other. Remarkably, our study detected heterogeneity among the paradigms from the same domain. More specifically, analysis of Inhibition tasks revealed differing activations for Response Inhibition compared to Interference Control paradigms, suggesting that Inhibition encompasses relatively heterogeneous sub-functions. Shifting analyses revealed a bilateral overlap of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task with the Updating network, but this pattern was absent for Rule Switching and Dual Task paradigms. Moreover, our Updating meta-analyses revealed the neural signatures associated with the specific modules of the Working Memory model from Baddeley and Hitch. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive meta-analysis of executive functions to date. Its paradigm-driven analyses provide a unique contribution to a better understanding of the neural convergences and divergences among executive processes that are relevant for clinical applications, such as cognitive enhancement and neurorehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Rodríguez-Nieto
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium
| | - Caroline Seer
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium
| | - Justina Sidlauskaite
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium
| | - Lore Vleugels
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, UC Louvain, Av. Mounier 54, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium
| | - Anke Van Roy
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium
| | - Robert Hardwick
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience, UC Louvain, Av. Mounier 54, Bruxelles 1200, Belgium
| | - Stephan Swinnen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Tervuursevest 101 box 1501, Leuven 3001, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Oude Markt 13, Leuven 5005, Belgium.
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Brignoni‐Pérez E, Jamal NI, Eden GF. Functional neuroanatomy of English word reading in early bilingual and monolingual adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4310-4325. [PMID: 35607841 PMCID: PMC9435003 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Skilled reading is important in daily life. While the understanding of the neurofunctional organization of this uniquely human skill has advanced significantly, it does not take into consideration the common bilingual experiences around the world. To examine the role of early bilingualism on the neural substrates supporting English word processing, we compared brain activity, as well as functional connectivity, in Spanish-English early bilingual adults (N = 25) and English monolingual adults (N = 33) during single-word processing. Activation analysis revealed no significant differences between the two groups. A seed-to-voxel analysis using eight a priori selected seed-regions (placed in regions known to be involved in reading) revealed relatively stronger functional connectivity in bilinguals between two sets of regions: left superior temporal gyrus seed positively with left lingual gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus seed negatively with left anterior cingulate cortex. Together these results suggest that an early Spanish-English bilingual experience does not modulate local brain activity for English word reading. It does, however, have some influence on the functional intercommunication between brain regions during reading, specifically in two regions associated with reading, which are functionally connected to those inside and outside of the reading network. We conclude that brain regions involved in processing English words are not that different in Spanish-English early bilingual adults relative to monolingual adult users of English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Brignoni‐Pérez
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nasheed I. Jamal
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Guinevere F. Eden
- Center for the Study of Learning, Department of PediatricsGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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Rezaei M, Zare H, Hakimdavoodi H, Nasseri S, Hebrani P. Classification of drug-naive children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from typical development controls using resting-state fMRI and graph theoretical approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:948706. [PMID: 36061501 PMCID: PMC9433545 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.948706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The study of brain functional connectivity alterations in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been the subject of considerable investigation, but the biological mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we aim to investigate the brain alterations in patients with ADHD and Typical Development (TD) children and accurately classify ADHD children from TD controls using the graph-theoretical measures obtained from resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Materials and methods We investigated the performances of rs-fMRI data for classifying drug-naive children with ADHD from TD controls. Fifty six drug-naive ADHD children (average age 11.86 ± 2.21 years; 49 male) and 56 age matched TD controls (average age 11.51 ± 1.77 years, 44 male) were included in this study. The graph measures extracted from rs-fMRI functional connectivity were used as features. Extracted network-based features were fed to the RFE feature selection algorithm to select the most discriminating subset of features. We trained and tested Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Gradient Boosting (GB) using Peking center data from ADHD-200 database to classify ADHD and TD children using discriminative features. In addition to the machine learning approach, the statistical analysis was conducted on graph measures to discover the differences in the brain network of patients with ADHD. Results An accuracy of 78.2% was achieved for classifying drug-naive children with ADHD from TD controls employing the optimal features and the GB classifier. We also performed a hub node analysis and found that the number of hubs in TD controls and ADHD children were 8 and 5, respectively, indicating that children with ADHD have disturbance of critical communication regions in their brain network. The findings of this study provide insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ADHD. Conclusion Pattern recognition and graph measures of the brain networks, based on the rs-fMRI data, can efficiently assist in the classification of ADHD children from TD controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hoda Zare
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Hakimdavoodi
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nasseri
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- *Correspondence: Shahrokh Nasseri,
| | - Paria Hebrani
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Van Dyck D, Baijot S, Aeby A, De Tiège X, Deconinck N. Cognitive, perceptual, and motor profiles of school-aged children with developmental coordination disorder. Front Psychol 2022; 13:860766. [PMID: 35992485 PMCID: PMC9381813 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.860766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a heterogeneous condition. Besides motor impairments, children with DCD often exhibit poor visual perceptual skills and executive functions. This study aimed to characterize the motor, perceptual, and cognitive profiles of children with DCD at the group level and in terms of subtypes. A total of 50 children with DCD and 31 typically developing (TD) peers (7–11 years old) underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological (15 tests) and motor (three subscales of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2) assessment. The percentage of children with DCD showing impairments in each measurement was first described. Hierarchical agglomerative and K-means iterative partitioning clustering analyses were then performed to distinguish the subtypes present among the complete sample of children (DCD and TD) in a data-driven way. Moderate to large percentages of children with DCD showed impaired executive functions (92%) and praxis (meaningless gestures and postures, 68%), as well as attentional (52%), visual perceptual (46%), and visuomotor (36%) skills. Clustering analyses identified five subtypes, four of them mainly consisting of children with DCD and one of TD children. These subtypes were characterized by: (i) generalized impairments (8 children with DCD), (ii) impaired manual dexterity, poor balance (static/dynamic), planning, and alertness (15 DCD and 1 TD child), (iii) impaired manual dexterity, cognitive inhibition, and poor visual perception (11 children with DCD), (iv) impaired manual dexterity and cognitive inhibition (15 DCD and 5 TD children), and (v) no impairment (25 TD and 1 child with DCD). Besides subtle differences, the motor and praxis measures did not enable to discriminate between the four subtypes of children with DCD. The subtypes were, however, characterized by distinct perceptual or cognitive impairments. These results highlight the importance of assessing exhaustively the perceptual and cognitive skills of children with DCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorine Van Dyck
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Dorine Van Dyck,
| | - Simon Baijot
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alec Aeby
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group at Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier De Tiège
- Laboratoire de Neuroanatomie et Neuroimagerie Translationnelles, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Translational Neuroimaging, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Wu J, Xiao W, Yip J, Peng L, Zheng K, Takyi Bentil O, Ren Z. Effects of Exercise on Neural Changes in Inhibitory Control: An ALE Meta-Analysis of fMRI Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:891095. [PMID: 35814955 PMCID: PMC9265250 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.891095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that exercise improves inhibitory control; however, the mechanisms behind the cognitive improvement remain unclear. This study analyzes the extant literature on the neuronal effects of exercise on inhibitory control functions. We searched four online databases (Pubmed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) for relevant peer-reviewed studies to identify eligible studies published before September 1, 2021. Among the 4,090 candidate studies identified, 14 meet the inclusion criteria, and the results of 397 participants in these 14 studies are subsequently analyzed. We quantify the neural effects on the entire brain by using GingerALE software and identify 10 clusters of exercise-induced neuronal with either increases/decreases in the superior temporal gyrus (BA 22), precuneus (BA 7), superior frontal gyrus (BA 10), cuneus (BA 19), precuneus (BA 19), caudate, posterior cingulate (BA 19), middle temporal gyrus (B 37), parahippocampal gyrus (BA 30), precentral gyrus (BA 6). Meta-analytic coactivation map (MACM) showed that multiple functional networks overlap with brain regions with activation likelihood estimation (ALE) results. We propose the effect of exercise on neural activity is related to inhibitory control in the extended frontoparietal, default mode network (DMN), visual network, and other pathways. These results provide preliminary evidence of the neural effects of exercise on inhibitory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Wu
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joanne Yip
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Peng
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kangyong Zheng
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Obed Takyi Bentil
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhanbing Ren
- School of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanbing Ren
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11
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Kamalian A, Khodadadifar T, Saberi A, Masoudi M, Camilleri JA, Eickhoff CR, Zarei M, Pasquini L, Laird AR, Fox PT, Eickhoff SB, Tahmasian M. Convergent regional brain abnormalities in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: A neuroimaging meta-analysis of 73 studies. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12318. [PMID: 35664889 PMCID: PMC9148620 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Numerous studies have reported brain alterations in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). However, they pointed to inconsistent findings. Methods We used a meta‐analytic approach to identify the convergent structural and functional brain abnormalities in bvFTD. Following current best‐practice neuroimaging meta‐analysis guidelines, we searched PubMed and Embase databases and performed reference tracking. Then, the coordinates of group comparisons between bvFTD and controls from 73 studies were extracted and tested for convergence using activation likelihood estimation. Results We identified convergent abnormalities in the anterior cingulate cortices, anterior insula, amygdala, paracingulate, striatum, and hippocampus. Task‐based and resting‐state functional connectivity pointed to the networks that are connected to the obtained consistent regions. Functional decoding analyses suggested associated dysfunction of emotional processing, interoception, reward processing, higher‐order cognitive functions, and olfactory and gustatory perceptions in bvFTD. Discussion Our findings highlighted the key role of the salience network and subcortical regions in the pathophysiology of bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Kamalian
- School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Tina Khodadadifar
- School of Cognitive Sciences Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amin Saberi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Brain and Behavior (INM-7) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Maryam Masoudi
- School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Julia A Camilleri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Brain and Behavior (INM-7) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Claudia R Eickhoff
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Research Center Jülich Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain (INM-1) Jülich Germany
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Lorenzo Pasquini
- Department of Neurology Memory and Aging Center University of California-San Francisco San Francisco California USA
| | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Peter T Fox
- Research Imaging Institute University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio Texas USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Brain and Behavior (INM-7) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine Brain and Behavior (INM-7) Research Center Jülich Jülich Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany
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12
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Shaaban CE, Rosano C, Cohen AD, Huppert T, Butters MA, Hengenius J, Parks WT, Catov JM. Cognition and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Midlife Women With History of Preeclampsia and Placental Evidence of Maternal Vascular Malperfusion. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:637574. [PMID: 34017243 PMCID: PMC8129174 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.637574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Preeclampsia is emerging as a sex-specific risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and dementia, but the reason is unknown. We assessed the relationship of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), a marker of placental SVD, with cognition and cerebral SVD in women with and without preeclampsia. We hypothesized women with both preeclampsia and MVM would perform worst on information processing speed and executive function. Methods: Women (n = 45; mean 10.5 years post-delivery; mean age: 41 years; 42.2% Black) were classified as preeclampsia-/MVM-, preeclampsia+/MVM-, or preeclampsia+/MVM+. Information processing speed, executive function, and memory were assessed. In a pilot sub-study of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR; n = 22), cerebral blood flow during room-air breathing and breath-hold induced hypercapnia were obtained via arterial spin labeling MRI. Non-parametric tests and regression models were used to test associations. Results: Between-group cognitive differences were significant for information processing speed (p = 0.02); preeclampsia+/MVM+ had the lowest scores. Cerebral blood flow increased from room-air to breath-hold, globally and in all regions in the three groups, except the preeclampsia+/MVM+ parietal region (p = 0.12). Lower parietal CVR (less change from room-air breathing to breath-holding) was correlated with poorer information processing speed (partial ρ = 0.63, p = 0.005) and executive function (ρ = 0.50, p = 0.03) independent of preeclampsia/MVM status. Conclusion: Compared to women without preeclampsia and MVM, midlife women with both preeclampsia and MVM have worse information processing speed and may have blunted parietal CVR, an area important for information processing speed and executive function. MVM in women with preeclampsia is a promising sex-specific indicator of cerebrovascular integrity in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elizabeth Shaaban
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Caterina Rosano
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ann D Cohen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Theodore Huppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - James Hengenius
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - W Tony Parks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Janet M Catov
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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13
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Maja RA, Kilshaw RE, Garcia-Barrera MA, Karr JE. Current Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Mediate the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Executive Functions. Psychol Rep 2021; 125:763-786. [PMID: 33573503 DOI: 10.1177/0033294120979690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both associated with lower performances on executive function tasks. However, few researchers have evaluated ACEs, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and executive function difficulties in conjunction. Using an online micropayment service, the current study assessed whether PTS symptoms mediated the relationship between ACEs and executive functions. In total, 83 participants (54.2% female, age: M = 28.86, SD = 7.71) were administered the ACE questionnaire, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Executive Function Index (EFI). A higher number of reported ACEs was related to greater PTS symptom severity (β = .40, p < .001) and worse self-rated executive functions (β = -.32, p = .002). Controlling for the number of reported ACEs, current PTS symptom severity was related to worse executive functions (β = -.45, p < .001). A bootstrapped 95% confidence interval (CI) indicated a significant indirect effect, β = -.18 (95% CI: -.30, -.08), by which current PTS symptoms mediated the relationship between the number of reported ACEs and executive functions. These results suggest that psychological interventions targeting PTS symptoms, in the context of a history of childhood trauma, may concurrently improve executive functions in adult populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Maja
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robyn E Kilshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Psychology, 4530University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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14
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Iverson GL, Karr JE, Terry DP, Garcia-Barrera MA, Holdnack JA, Ivins BJ, Silverberg ND. Developing an Executive Functioning Composite Score for Research and Clinical Trials. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:312-325. [PMID: 31965141 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive functioning encompasses interactive cognitive processes such as planning, organization, set-shifting, inhibition, self-monitoring, working memory, and initiating and sustaining motor and mental activity. Researchers therefore typically assess executive functioning with multiple tests, each yielding multiple scores. A single composite score of executive functioning, which summarizes deficits across a battery of tests, would be useful in research and clinical trials. This study examines multiple candidate composite scores of executive functioning using tests from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). METHOD Participants were 875 adults between the ages of 20 and 89 years from the D-KEFS standardization sample. Seven Total Achievement scores were used from three tests (i.e., Trail Making, Verbal Fluency, and Color-Word Interference) to form eight composite scores that were compared based on their psychometric properties and association with intelligence (IQ). RESULTS The distributions of most composite scores were mildly to severely skewed, and some had a pronounced ceiling effect. The composite scores all showed a medium positive correlation with IQ. The composite scores were highly intercorrelated in the total sample and in four IQ subgroups (i.e., IQ <89, 90-99, 100-109, 110+), with some being so highly correlated that they appear redundant. CONCLUSIONS This study is part of a larger research program developing a cognition endpoint for research and clinical trials with sound psychometric properties and utility across discrepant test batteries. Future research is needed to examine the reliability and ecological validity of these composite scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding Research Institute, and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Justin E Karr
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding Research Institute, and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Douglas P Terry
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Spaulding Research Institute, and Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | - Brian J Ivins
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia; Rehabilitation Research Program, GF Strong Rehab Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 2G9, Canada
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15
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Wu ZM, Wang P, Yang L, Liu L, Sun L, An L, Cao QJ, Chan RCK, Yang BR, Wang YF. Altered brain white matter microstructural asymmetry in children with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2020; 285:112817. [PMID: 32035376 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine brain white matter integrity in children with ADHD. METHODS In a cohort of children with ADHD (n = 83) and healthy controls (n = 122), we used tract-based spatial statistics on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data to obtain the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) in 40 bilateral regions of interest (ROIs). Lateralization Index (LI) was calculated. The difference in LI between groups and correlations between the LI of each ROI and ADHD symptom scores as well as cognitive function were examined. RESULTS Children with ADHD had significantly greater LI at the posterior thalamic radiation (PTR) compared with healthy controls (mean LI in ADHD = 0.0096; in Control = 0.0044, p = 0.0143), and LI of the external capsule (EC) was significantly correlated with inattention symptoms in both groups (β = -0.00059, p = 0.0181). LI of the PTR was significantly correlated with inhibitory function in healthy controls (β = -0.0008510, p = 0.0248), but not in children with ADHD. CONCLUSION We found increased brain white matter asymmetry (leftward) in children with ADHD compared with healthy controls at the posterior thalamic radiation. Leftward lateralization of FA values at the external capsule was negatively correlated with ADHD symptoms in both children with ADHD and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Min Wu
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Peng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Li An
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qing-Jiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Rang Yang
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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16
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Persson J, Szalisznyó K, Antoni G, Wall A, Fällmar D, Zora H, Bodén R. Phosphodiesterase 10A levels are related to striatal function in schizophrenia: a combined positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:451-459. [PMID: 31119377 PMCID: PMC7210243 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is being investigated as a treatment option in schizophrenia. PDE10A acts postsynaptically on striatal dopamine signaling by regulating neuronal excitability through its inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and we recently found it to be reduced in schizophrenia compared to controls. Here, this finding of reduced PDE10A in schizophrenia was followed up in the same sample to investigate the effect of reduced striatal PDE10A on the neural and behavioral function of striatal and downstream basal ganglia regions. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan with the PDE10A ligand [11C]Lu AE92686 was performed, followed by a 6 min resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in ten patients with schizophrenia. To assess the relationship between striatal function and neurophysiological and behavioral functioning, salience processing was assessed using a mismatch negativity paradigm, an auditory event-related electroencephalographic measure, episodic memory was assessed using the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) and executive functioning using trail-making test B. Reduced striatal PDE10A was associated with increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) within the putamen and substantia nigra, respectively. Higher ALFF in the substantia nigra, in turn, was associated with lower episodic memory performance. The findings are in line with a role for PDE10A in striatal functioning, and suggest that reduced striatal PDE10A may contribute to cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K. Szalisznyó
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G. Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Wall
- PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden ,Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Fällmar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Zora
- Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R. Bodén
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Smith PJ. Pathways of Prevention: A Scoping Review of Dietary and Exercise Interventions for Neurocognition. Brain Plast 2019; 5:3-38. [PMID: 31970058 PMCID: PMC6971820 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) represent an increasingly urgent public health concern, with an increasing number of baby boomers now at risk. Due to a lack of efficacious therapies among symptomatic older adults, an increasing emphasis has been placed on preventive measures that can curb or even prevent ADRD development among middle-aged adults. Lifestyle modification using aerobic exercise and dietary modification represents one of the primary treatment modalities used to mitigate ADRD risk, with an increasing number of trials demonstrating that exercise and dietary change, individually and together, improve neurocognitive performance among middle-aged and older adults. Despite several optimistic findings, examination of treatment changes across lifestyle interventions reveals a variable pattern of improvements, with large individual differences across trials. The present review attempts to synthesize available literature linking lifestyle modification to neurocognitive changes, outline putative mechanisms of treatment improvement, and discuss discrepant trial findings. In addition, previous mechanistic assumptions linking lifestyle to neurocognition are discussed, with a focus on potential solutions to improve our understanding of individual neurocognitive differences in response to lifestyle modification. Specific recommendations include integration of contemporary causal inference approaches for analyzing parallel mechanistic pathways and treatment-exposure interactions. Methodological recommendations include trial multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) design approaches that leverage individual differences for improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Primary), Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine (Secondary), Duke University Medical Center, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences (Secondary), Duke University, NC, USA
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18
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Wong RE, Sakaluk JK, Garcia-Barrera MA. Deriving an Adolescent Executive Behavior Screener from the Behavior Assessment System for Children-2. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2019; 34:1425-1431. [PMID: 30520958 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acy090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Typical executive functioning (EF) measurements do not reflect the complexity of daily life. We derived an executive behavior screener from the BASC-2-PRS-A using a previously derived four-component model of EF and provided support for the use of the screener in adolescent populations. METHODS A total of 2,722 census-matched American adolescents were sampled. We assigned 25 items a priori to four executive factors (problem solving, attentional control, behavioral control, and emotional control) and evaluated via confirmatory factor analysis, invariance testing and differential item functioning (DIF) models. RESULTS We found acceptable-to-good reliability and that the four-factor model had the best fit. We showed DIF for age and socioeconomic status (SES). While groups were invariant based on sex, latent mean comparisons showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Construct validity of the adolescent four-factor model as measured through the screener was supported. Females demonstrated fewer executive behavior problems. Standardized norms are available and split by age and sex. SES may influence the interpretation of T-scores. Continued exploration and development of the screener is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - John K Sakaluk
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
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19
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Genetic variation in CADM2 as a link between psychological traits and obesity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7339. [PMID: 31089183 PMCID: PMC6517397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CADM2 has been associated with a range of behavioural and metabolic traits, including physical activity, risk-taking, educational attainment, alcohol and cannabis use and obesity. Here, we set out to determine whether CADM2 contributes to mechanisms shared between mental and physical health disorders. We assessed genetic variants in the CADM2 locus for association with phenotypes in the UK Biobank, IMPROVE, PROCARDIS and SCARFSHEEP studies, before performing meta-analyses. A wide range of metabolic phenotypes were meta-analysed. Psychological phenotypes analysed in UK Biobank only were major depressive disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, neuroticism, mood instability and risk-taking behaviour. In UK Biobank, four, 88 and 172 genetic variants were significantly (p < 1 × 10−5) associated with neuroticism, mood instability and risk-taking respectively. In meta-analyses of 4 cohorts, we identified 362, 63 and 11 genetic variants significantly (p < 1 × 10−5) associated with BMI, SBP and CRP respectively. Genetic effects on BMI, CRP and risk-taking were all positively correlated, and were consistently inversely correlated with genetic effects on SBP, mood instability and neuroticism. Conditional analyses suggested an overlap in the signals for physical and psychological traits. Many significant variants had genotype-specific effects on CADM2 expression levels in adult brain and adipose tissues. CADM2 variants influence a wide range of both psychological and metabolic traits, suggesting common biological mechanisms across phenotypes via regulation of CADM2 expression levels in adipose tissue. Functional studies of CADM2 are required to fully understand mechanisms connecting mental and physical health conditions.
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20
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Morris A, Ravishankar M, Pivetta L, Chowdury A, Falco D, Damoiseaux JS, Rosenberg DR, Bressler SL, Diwadkar VA. Response Hand and Motor Set Differentially Modulate the Connectivity of Brain Pathways During Simple Uni-manual Motor Behavior. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:985-1000. [PMID: 30032347 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the flexible modulation of undirected functional connectivity (uFC) of brain pathways during simple uni-manual responding. Two questions were central to our interests: (1) does response hand (dominant vs. non-dominant) differentially modulate connectivity and (2) are these effects related to responding under varying motor sets. fMRI data were acquired in twenty right-handed volunteers who responded with their right (dominant) or left (non-dominant) hand (blocked across acquisitions). Within acquisitions, the task oscillated between periodic responses (promoting the emergence of motor sets) or randomly induced responses (disrupting the emergence of motor sets). Conjunction analyses revealed eight shared nodes across response hand and condition, time series from which were analyzed. For right hand responses connectivity of the M1 ←→ Thalamus and SMA ←→ Parietal pathways was more significantly modulated during periodic responding. By comparison, for left hand responses, connectivity between five network pairs (including M1 and SMA, insula, basal ganglia, premotor cortex, parietal cortex, thalamus) was more significantly modulated during random responding. uFC analyses were complemented by directed FC based on multivariate autoregressive models of times series from the nodes. These results were complementary and highlighted significant modulation of dFC for SMA → Thalamus, SMA → M1, basal ganglia → Insula and basal ganglia → Thalamus. The results demonstrate complex effects of motor organization and task demand and response hand on different connectivity classes of fMRI data. The brain's sub-networks are flexibly modulated by factors related to motor organization and/or task demand, and our results have implications for assessment of medical conditions associated with motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Morris
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Mathura Ravishankar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Lena Pivetta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asadur Chowdury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Dimitri Falco
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA
| | - Jessica S Damoiseaux
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA.,Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - David R Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Steven L Bressler
- Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, USA
| | - Vaibhav A Diwadkar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Suite 5A, Tolan Park Medical Building, 3901 Chrysler Service Drive, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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