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Stoffer B, Uetz GW. Juvenile vibratory experience affects adult mate preferences in a wolf spider. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-023-03312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Al-Abri N, Al-Raqami S, Al-Hashemi M, Al-Shidi R, Al-Khatri S, Ray RV. Impact of Initial Population Density of the Dubas Bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae), on Oviposition Behaviour, Chlorophyll, Biomass and Nutritional Response of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera). INSECTS 2022; 14:12. [PMID: 36661941 PMCID: PMC9866723 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus) is an economically significant pest of date palms. In this study, the effect of the population density of O. lybicus on chlorophyll, measured by the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, palm biomass, and the nutritional composition of date palms, were investigated. A further objective was to determine significant relationships between the population density of O. lybicus, the number of honeydew droplets, and oviposited eggs. Reductions of up to 8-11% and 29-34% in chlorophyll content and plant biomass, respectively, were caused by infestations exceeding 300 nymphs per palm seedling. Increasing the population density of O. lybicus to 600 insects per palm decreased oviposition by females, suggesting intraspecific competition for resources. There was a significant relationship between honeydew droplets produced by the pest population and chlorophyll content in the rachis, suggesting that treatment can be triggered at 3-6 nymphs/leaflet. Egg oviposition was preferentially on the rachis. Ca, Mg, K, and P were the main nutrients affected by the activity of the pest. Mg content was associated with reduced chlorophyll content under increasing pest density, suggesting that supplemental nutrition can be potentially utilized to sustain chlorophyll and increase palm tolerance to pest infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al-Abri
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Suad Al-Raqami
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Maryam Al-Hashemi
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Rashid Al-Shidi
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Salim Al-Khatri
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Rumiana V. Ray
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Schacht R, Beissinger SR, Wedekind C, Jennions MD, Geffroy B, Liker A, Kappeler PM, Weissing FJ, Kramer KL, Hesketh T, Boissier J, Uggla C, Hollingshaus M, Székely T. Adult sex ratios: causes of variation and implications for animal and human societies. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1273. [PMID: 36402823 PMCID: PMC9675760 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04223-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Converging lines of inquiry from across the social and biological sciences target the adult sex ratio (ASR; the proportion of males in the adult population) as a fundamental population-level determinant of behavior. The ASR, which indicates the relative number of potential mates to competitors in a population, frames the selective arena for competition, mate choice, and social interactions. Here we review a growing literature, focusing on methodological developments that sharpen knowledge of the demographic variables underlying ASR variation, experiments that enhance understanding of the consequences of ASR imbalance across societies, and phylogenetic analyses that provide novel insights into social evolution. We additionally highlight areas where research advances are expected to make accelerating contributions across the social sciences, evolutionary biology, and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Schacht
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC USA
| | - Steven R. Beissinger
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Claus Wedekind
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael D. Jennions
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Ecology & Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin Geffroy
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - András Liker
- grid.7336.10000 0001 0203 5854ELKH-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, 8210 Veszprém, Hungary ,grid.7336.10000 0001 0203 5854Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8210 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Peter M. Kappeler
- grid.418215.b0000 0000 8502 7018Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Unit, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute of Primate Biology, 37077 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Sociobiology/Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franz J. Weissing
- grid.4830.f0000 0004 0407 1981Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen L. Kramer
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Therese Hesketh
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCentre for Global Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jérôme Boissier
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282IHPE Univ Perpignan Via Domitia, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ Montpellier, Perpignan, France
| | - Caroline Uggla
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Stockholm University Demography Unit, Sociology Department, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mike Hollingshaus
- grid.223827.e0000 0001 2193 0096Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute, David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Tamás Székely
- grid.7340.00000 0001 2162 1699Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK ,grid.7122.60000 0001 1088 8582ELKH-DE Reproductive Strategies Research Group, Department of Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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4
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Walker M, Chandrasegaran K, Vinauger C, Robert MA, Childs LM. Modeling the effects of Aedes aegypti's larval environment on adult body mass at emergence. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009102. [PMID: 34807904 PMCID: PMC8608295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes vector harmful pathogens that infect millions of people every year, and developing approaches to effectively control mosquitoes is a topic of great interest. However, the success of many control measures is highly dependent upon ecological, physiological, and life history traits of mosquito species. The behavior of mosquitoes and their potential to vector pathogens can also be impacted by these traits. One trait of interest is mosquito body mass, which depends upon many factors associated with the environment in which juvenile mosquitoes develop. Our experiments examined the impact of larval density on the body mass of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are important vectors of dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and other pathogens. To investigate the interactions between the larval environment and mosquito body mass, we built a discrete time mathematical model that incorporates body mass, larval density, and food availability and fit the model to our experimental data. We considered three categories of model complexity informed by data, and selected the best model within each category using Akaike’s Information Criterion. We found that the larval environment is an important determinant of the body mass of mosquitoes upon emergence. Furthermore, we found that larval density has greater impact on body mass of adults at emergence than on development time, and that inclusion of density dependence in the survival of female aquatic stages in models is important. We discuss the implications of our results for the control of Aedes mosquitoes and on their potential to spread disease. In this work we examined how the environment in which juvenile mosquitoes develop affects their adult body size as measured by adult body mass. Adult size has potential impacts on mosquito behavior and the ability of mosquitoes to transmit disease. We used a combination of experimental work and mathematical modeling to determine important factors affecting adult mosquito body size. In our model, we incorporated potentially interacting aspects of the mosquito life cycle and traits that affect mosquito growth as juveniles. These aspects include body mass, density of the population, and level of available resource. We compared different models to determine the one that best describes the data. As mass at emergence is linked to the success of adult mosquitoes to produce offspring and to their ability transmit pathogens, we discuss how important influences on development and survival of young mosquitoes affect mosquito control and disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Walker
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Current address: Laboratory for Systems Medicine, University of Florida Health, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Clément Vinauger
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Robert
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lauren M. Childs
- Department of Mathematics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-Borne Pathogens, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liker A, Bókony V, Pipoly I, Lemaître JF, Gaillard JM, Székely T, Freckleton RP. Evolution of large males is associated with female-skewed adult sex ratios in amniotes. Evolution 2021; 75:1636-1649. [PMID: 34021590 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Body size often differs between the sexes (leading to sexual size dimorphism, SSD), as a consequence of differential responses by males and females to selection pressures. Adult sex ratio (ASR, the proportion of males in the adult population) should influence SSD because ASR relates to both the number of competitors and available mates, which shape the intensity of mating competition and thereby promotes SSD evolution. However, whether ASR correlates with SSD variation among species has not been yet tested across a broad range of taxa. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses of 462 amniotes (i.e., reptiles, birds, and mammals), we fill this knowledge gap by showing that male bias in SSD increases with increasingly female-skewed ASRs in both mammals and birds. This relationship is not explained by the higher mortality of the larger sex because SSD is not associated with sex differences in either juvenile or adult mortality. Phylogenetic path analysis indicates that higher mortality in one sex leads to skewed ASR, which in turn may generate selection for SSD biased toward the rare sex. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that skewed ASRs in amniote populations can result in the rarer sex evolving large size to capitalize on enhanced mating opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Liker
- MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, H-8210, Hungary.,Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, H-8210, Hungary
| | - Veronika Bókony
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, H-1022, Hungary
| | - Ivett Pipoly
- MTA-PE Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, H-8210, Hungary.,Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, Veszprém, H-8210, Hungary
| | - Jean-Francois Lemaître
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive UMR 5558, Villeurbanne, F-69622, France
| | - Tamás Székely
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.,Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Ivy-Israel NMD, Moore CE, Schwartz TS, Steury TD, Zohdy S, Newbolt CH, Ditchkoff SS. Association between sexually selected traits and allelic distance in two unlinked MHC II loci in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Piers L, Samuels I, Masubelele M, Engelbrecht A. Implications of potential biome boundary shifts for small mammal assemblages in the arid zone of South Africa. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Piers
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department; University of Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Igshaan Samuels
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department; University of Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
- Agricultural Research Council; University of the Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Mmoto Masubelele
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department; University of Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
- South African National Parks; PO Box 787 Pretoria 0001 South Africa
| | - Adriaan Engelbrecht
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department; University of Western Cape; Cape Town South Africa
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8
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Cunneyworth PMK, Duke J. Vehicle Collisions Among Four Species of Monkeys Between 2000 and 2018 on a Suburban Road in Diani, Kenya. INT J PRIMATOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-020-00135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Lee HH, Wallen MM, Krzyszczyk E, Mann J. Every scar has a story: age and sex-specific conflict rates in wild bottlenose dolphins. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Friend-or-foe? Behavioural evidence suggests interspecific discrimination leading to low probability of hybridization in two coexisting rock lizard species (Lacertidae, Darevskia). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Mamai W, Bimbile-Somda NS, Maiga H, Juarez JG, Muosa ZAI, Ali AB, Lees RS, Gilles JRL. Optimization of mosquito egg production under mass rearing setting: effects of cage volume, blood meal source and adult population density for the malaria vector, Anopheles arabiensis. Malar J 2017; 16:41. [PMID: 28118825 PMCID: PMC5260048 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-017-1685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anopheles arabiensis is one of the major malaria vectors that put millions of people in endemic countries at risk. Mass-rearing of this mosquito is crucial for strategies that use sterile insect technique to suppress vector populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) package for this mosquito species is being developed by the Insect Pest Control Subprogramme of the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. To improve mass-rearing outcomes for An. arabiensis, the question of whether the egg production by females would be affected by the size of the adult holding cages, the source of the blood meal and the total number of pupae that could be loaded into the cages was addressed and finally the impact of adding additional pupae to the cage daily to maintain adult numbers on egg productivity assessed. Methods Mass production cages of two different volumes, two different sources of blood meal (bovine and porcine) and two different population densities (cages originally loaded with either 15,000 or 20,000 pupae) were tested and evaluated on the basis of eggs produced/cage or per female. Males and females pupae with a ratio of 1:1 were added to the cages at day 1 and 2 of pupation. The emerging adults had constant access to 5% sugar solution and blood fed via the Hemotek membrane feeding system. Eggs were collected either twice a week or daily. A generalized linear model was used to identify factors which gave significantly higher egg production. Results Neither cage volume nor blood meal source affected egg production per cage or per female. However, increasing population density to 20,000 pupae had a negative effect on eggs produced per cage and per female. Although high density negatively impacted egg production, adding 1000 daily additional pupae compensating for daily mortality resulted in a substantial increase in egg production. Moreover, in all tests the first and the third egg batches collected were significantly higher than others eggs batches. With the equipment and protocols described here and routinely used at the Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL), it was possible to produce up to 120,000 eggs/cage/day. Conclusion These results demonstrated that 15,000 is the optimal number of pupae to be loaded into the Anopheles Mass production cages. Under this condition, an average of 40 eggs per female was obtained for five gonotrophic cycles. However, an improvement in egg production can be achieved by daily addition, to the original 15,000 pupae, of one thousand pupae a day. Interestingly, feeding females with bovine or porcine blood using both large and small versions of the mass production cage did not affect egg productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadaka Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nanwintoum S Bimbile-Somda
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hamidou Maiga
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Zaynab A I Muosa
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Centre for Research, PO Box 1304, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Adel Barakat Ali
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rosemary Susan Lees
- LITE (Liverpool Insect Testing Establishment), Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jeremie R L Gilles
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.
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Demay SM, Becker PA, Waits LP, Johnson TR, Rachlow JL. Consequences for conservation: population density and genetic effects on reproduction of an endangered lagomorph. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:784-795. [PMID: 27411250 DOI: 10.1890/15-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding reproduction and mating systems is important for managers tasked with conserving vulnerable species. Genetic tools allow biologists to investigate reproduction and mating systems with high resolution and are particularly useful for species that are otherwise difficult to study in their natural environments. We conducted parentage analyses using 19 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci to assess the influence of population density, genetic diversity, and ancestry on reproduction, and to examine the mating system of pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) bred in large naturalized enclosures for the reintroduction and recovery of the endangered distinct population in central Washington, USA. Reproductive output for females and males decreased as population density and individual homozygosity increased. We identified an interaction indicating that male reproductive output decreased as genetic diversity declined at high population densities, but there was no effect at low densities. Males with high amounts (> 50%) of Washington ancestry had higher reproductive output than the other ancestry groups, while reproductive output was decreased for males with high northern Utah/Wyoming ancestry and females with high Oregon/Nevada ancestry. Females and males bred with an average of 3.8 and 3.6 mates per year, respectively, and we found no evidence of positive or negative assortative mating with regards to ancestry. Multiple paternity was confirmed in 81% of litters, and we report the first documented cases of juvenile breeding by pygmy rabbits. This study demonstrates how variation in population density, genetic diversity, and ancestry impact fitness for an endangered species being bred for conservation. Our results advance understanding of basic life history characteristics for a cryptic species that is difficult to study in the wild and provide lessons for managing populations of vulnerable species in captive and free-ranging populations.
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Bestion E, Teyssier A, Richard M, Clobert J, Cote J. Live Fast, Die Young: Experimental Evidence of Population Extinction Risk due to Climate Change. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002281. [PMID: 26501958 PMCID: PMC4621050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has accumulated in recent decades on the drastic impact of climate change on biodiversity. Warming temperatures have induced changes in species physiology, phenology, and have decreased body size. Such modifications can impact population dynamics and could lead to changes in life cycle and demography. More specifically, conceptual frameworks predict that global warming will severely threaten tropical ectotherms while temperate ectotherms should resist or even benefit from higher temperatures. However, experimental studies measuring the impacts of future warming trends on temperate ectotherms' life cycle and population persistence are lacking. Here we investigate the impacts of future climates on a model vertebrate ectotherm species using a large-scale warming experiment. We manipulated climatic conditions in 18 seminatural populations over two years to obtain a present climate treatment and a warm climate treatment matching IPCC predictions for future climate. Warmer temperatures caused a faster body growth, an earlier reproductive onset, and an increased voltinism, leading to a highly accelerated life cycle but also to a decrease in adult survival. A matrix population model predicts that warm climate populations in our experiment should go extinct in around 20 y. Comparing our experimental climatic conditions to conditions encountered by populations across Europe, we suggest that warming climates should threaten a significant number of populations at the southern range of the distribution. Our findings stress the importance of experimental approaches on the entire life cycle to more accurately predict population and species persistence in future climates. Warmer climates accelerate the pace of life of lizards and this demographic change leads to a strong decrease in population growth rate that may ultimately result in population extinctions. Ongoing climate change has potentially drastic impacts on biodiversity. Because their body temperature depends on their external environment, ectotherm (“cold-blooded”) species are thought to be more at risk from warming climates than endotherm (“warm-blooded”) species that regulate their temperature internally. Tropical ectotherms should be particularly threatened by climate change, while temperate ectotherms should resist or even benefit from higher temperatures. While most of the evidence on the impacts of climate change comes from long-term field studies, experimental evidence of the impact of future climatic conditions is still lacking. Here we investigate the impacts of future climates on a temperate lizard using a seminatural warming experiment. We find that warmer temperatures led to a highly accelerated life cycle and a decrease in adult survival. As a result, we postulate that populations in such warm climates would be expected to go extinct in around 20 y. Comparing our experimental conditions to climatic conditions in European populations of common lizards, we show that many populations should be threatened in the next century, particularly in Southern Europe. Our findings challenge the optimistic view that climate change is only a threat for tropical ectotherms and stress the importance of experimental approaches to predicting the consequences of future warming trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvire Bestion
- CNRS USR 2936, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis, Moulis, France
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
- Environmental and Sustainability Institute, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (EB); (JC)
| | - Aimeric Teyssier
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Murielle Richard
- CNRS USR 2936, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis, Moulis, France
| | - Jean Clobert
- CNRS USR 2936, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale de Moulis, Moulis, France
| | - Julien Cote
- CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
- * E-mail: (EB); (JC)
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14
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Holveck MJ, Gauthier AL, Nieberding CM. Dense, small and male-biased cages exacerbate male–male competition and reduce female choosiness in Bicyclus anynana. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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McGuire J, Congdon J, Kinney O, Osentoski M, Scribner K. Influences on male reproductive success in long-lived Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii). CAN J ZOOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2014-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Knowing how the number and qualities of mates influence male reproductive success (RS) can help interpret mating-system dynamics that are important for conservation efforts. We combined parentage data (1999–2006) with data from a long-term life-history study (1953–2007) of Blanding’s Turtles (Emydoidea blandingii (Holbrook, 1838)) on the University of Michigan’s E.S. George Reserve to document the relative influence of mate number and quality on male RS. Blood samples were taken from >92% of resident adults and tissue samples were taken from 723 hatchlings from 92 nests of 54 females over eight nesting seasons. The incidence of multiple paternity averaged 41.6% (N = 77), was variable among years (minimum–maximum = 15.4%–55.6%), and was positively associated with female age, body size, and clutch size. Repeat paternity was observed in 69.9% of sequential clutches of the same female separated by 1–7 years. Male RS was variable (1–40 offspring) and was positively associated with the number of mates and clutches sired. The youngest male to sire offspring was 22 years old. Adult movements that result in encountering different mates and (or) the ability to use attributes (e.g., size or age) to identify high-quality mates have the potential to substantially increase RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.M. McGuire
- Department of Zoology, 288 Farm Lane Room 203, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J.D. Congdon
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - O.M. Kinney
- University of Georgia, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
- Darlington School, 1014 Cave Spring Road, Rome, GA 30161, USA
| | | | - K.T. Scribner
- Department of Zoology, 288 Farm Lane Room 203, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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16
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Schoepf I, Schmohl G, König B, Pillay N, Schradin C. Manipulation of population density and food availability affects home range sizes of African striped mouse females. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Female reproductive qualities affect male painted turtle (Chrysemys picta marginata) reproductive success. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-014-1768-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Han CS, Brooks RC. Long-Term Effect of Social Interactions on Behavioral Plasticity and Lifetime Mating Success. Am Nat 2014; 183:431-44. [DOI: 10.1086/674935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Vahl WK, Boiteau G, de Heij ME, MacKinley PD, Kokko H. Female fertilization: effects of sex-specific density and sex ratio determined experimentally for Colorado potato beetles and Drosophila fruit flies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60381. [PMID: 23593206 PMCID: PMC3625176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
If males and females affect reproduction differentially, understanding and predicting sexual reproduction requires specification of response surfaces, that is, two-dimensional functions that relate reproduction to the (numeric) densities of both sexes. Aiming at rigorous measurement of female per capita fertilization response surfaces, we conducted a multifactorial experiment and reanalyzed an extensive data set. In our experiment, we varied the density of male and female Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetles) by placing different numbers of the two sexes on enclosed Solanum tuberosum (potato plants) to determine the proportion of females fertilized after 3 or 22 hours. In the reanalysis, we investigated how the short-term fertilization probability of three Drosophila strains (melanogaster ebony, m. sepia, and simulans) depended on adult sex ratio (proportion of males) and total density. The fertilization probability of female Leptinotarsa decemlineata increased logistically with male density, but not with female density. These effects were robust to trial duration. The fertilization probability of female Drosophila increased logistically with both sex ratio and total density. Treatment effects interacted in m. sepia, and simulans. These findings highlight the importance of well-designed, multifactorial experiments and strengthen previous experimental evidence for the relevance of sex-specific densities to understanding and prediction of female fertilization probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter K Vahl
- Laboratory of Ecological & Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Biosciences, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland.
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20
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21
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Chevallier C, Crochet PA, Vincent-Martin N, Ravayrol A, Besnard A. Use of mixture models to characterize site quality in philopatric animals: a case study with Bonelli's eagle. Anim Conserv 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1795.2012.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Chevallier
- UMR 5175; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; Montpellier; France
| | - P-A. Crochet
- UMR 5175; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; Montpellier; France
| | - N. Vincent-Martin
- Conservatoire d'espaces naturels de PACA, Ecomusée de la Crau; Boulevard de Provence; Saint Martin de Crau; France
| | - A. Ravayrol
- La Salsepareille; Clermont l'Hérault; France
| | - A. Besnard
- UMR 5175; Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive; Montpellier; France
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22
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Richard M, Massot M, Clobert J, Meylan S. Litter quality and inflammatory response are dependent on mating strategy in a reptile. Oecologia 2012; 170:39-46. [PMID: 22358996 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of health and the production of offspring are competing processes that can result in trade-offs. As vertebrates invest substantial resources in their immune system, it is crucial to understand the interactions between immunity and reproductive strategies. In the lizard Zootoca vivipara, females have condition- and context-dependent mating strategies. We predicted that, if the risk of infection is higher for polyandrous females, then polyandrous females should invest more in immune system while monandrous females should invest more in reproduction. In order to test our prediction, we captured 62 gravid females of known age in a natural population; we kept them until parturition to access to their offspring. Then, using microsatellite marker-based paternity analyses within litters, we determine the mating strategy of females (monandrous or polyandrous). Females were also challenged with PHA to estimate their inflammatory response. Our results show that polyandrous females have a higher PHA response than the monandrous females, and that monandrous females produce more males and more juveniles of better body condition than polyandrous females. The relationship between mating behaviour and immune function may have consequences for females and may shape the evolution of mating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murielle Richard
- Laboratoire Ecologie and Evolution, UPMC-ENS-CNRS, UMR 7625, Case 237, 7 Quai St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France.
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23
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Ruiz-López MJ, Chaskelson S, Gompper ME, Eggert LS. Multiple paternity in the American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). J Parasitol 2012; 98:498-501. [PMID: 22257158 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2977.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The reproductive strategies and variation in reproductive success of ticks are poorly understood. We determined variation in multiple paternity in the American dog tick Dermancentor variabilis . In total, 48 blood-engorged female ticks and 22 male companion ticks were collected from 13 raccoon ( Procyon lotor ) hosts. In the laboratory, 56.3% of blood-engorged females laid eggs, of which 37.0% hatched or showed signs of development. We examined the presence of multiple paternity in the ensuing clutches by genotyping groups of eggs and larvae at 5 microsatellite loci and subtracting the known maternal alleles, thereby identifying male-contributed alleles. Seventy-five percent of the clutches presented multiple paternity, with a mode of 2 fathers siring the clutch. Males associated with the females on the host always sired some offspring. In 1 case, a male was the sire of clutches derived from 2 females, indicating both polygyny and polyandry may occur for this species. These results, combined with those of several other recent studies, suggest that multiple paternity might be frequent for ixodid ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Ruiz-López
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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24
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Kasumovic M, Brooks R. It's All Who You Know: The Evolution Of Socially Cued Anticipatory Plasticity As A Mating Strategy. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2011; 86:181-97. [DOI: 10.1086/661119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Wehi PM, Nakagawa S, Trewick SA, Morgan-Richards M. Does predation result in adult sex ratio skew in a sexually dimorphic insect genus? J Evol Biol 2011; 24:2321-8. [PMID: 21848984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Theory proposes that sexually dimorphic, polygynous species are at particularly high risk of sex-biased predation, because conspicuous males are more often preyed upon compared to females. We tested the effects of predation on population sex ratio in a highly sexually dimorphic insect genus (Hemideina). In addition, introduction of a suite of novel mammalian predators to New Zealand during the last 800 years is likely to have modified selection pressures on native tree weta. We predicted that the balance between natural and sexual selection would be disrupted by the new predator species. We expected to see a sex ratio skew resulting from higher mortality in males with expensive secondary sexual weaponry; combat occurs outside refuge cavities between male tree weta. We took a meta-analytic approach using generalized linear mixed models to compare sex ratio variation in 58 populations for six of the seven species in Hemideina. We investigated adult sex ratio across these populations to determine how much variation in sex ratio can be attributed to sex-biased predation in populations with either low or high number of invasive mammalian predators. Surprisingly, we did not detect any significant deviation from 1 : 1 parity for adult sex ratio and found little difference between populations or species. We conclude that there is little evidence of sex-biased predation by either native or mammalian predators and observed sex ratio skew in individual populations of tree weta is probably an artefact of sampling error. We argue that sex-biased predation may be less prevalent in sexually dimorphic species than previously suspected and emphasize the usefulness of a meta-analytic approach to robustly analyse disparate and heterogeneous data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Wehi
- Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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26
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Michler SP, Nicolaus M, Ubels R, van der Velde M, Both C, Tinbergen JM, Komdeur J. Do sex-specific densities affect local survival of free-ranging great tits? Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Lailvaux SP, Kasumovic MM. Defining individual quality over lifetimes and selective contexts. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 278:321-8. [PMID: 20861050 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual quality has been measured as a variety of different traits and in several different contexts. However, the implications of such measurements in terms of overall fitness are less straightforward than has generally been appreciated. Here we outline some key issues in this regard that have yet to be addressed. Specifically, we consider the importance of both variation in selection on individual and multivariate suites of traits, and of context-specific plasticity in allocation strategies. We argue that an explicit life-history perspective is crucial for understanding variation in quality, as both the strength and direction of selection and an individual's response to it can vary within a breeding season. Hence, 'quality' is not a static characteristic that can be measured by taking longitudinal measures of single traits across a population, but rather a dynamic, multivariate suite of traits that is dependent not only on the selective context, but also on the nature and intensity of selection operating at any given time. We highlight these points by considering recent research on selection and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Lailvaux
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
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