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Shi F, Wang Y, Chang Y, Liu K, Xue C. Establishment of a targeted proteomics method for the quantification of collagen chain: Revealing the chain stoichiometry of heterotypic collagen fibrils in sea cucumber. Food Chem 2024; 433:137335. [PMID: 37678116 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant and important structural biomacromolecule in sea cucumbers. The sea cucumber collagen fibrils were previously confirmed to be heterotypic, nevertheless, the stoichiometry of collagen α-chains governing the complexity of collagen fibrils is still poorly understood. Herein, four representative collagen α-chains in sea cucumber including two clade A fibrillar collagens, one clade B fibrillar collagen, and one fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helices were selected. After the screening of signature peptides and optimization of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition parameters including fragmentation, collision energy, and ion transition, a feasible MRM-based method was established. Consequently, the stoichiometry of the four collagen chains was determined to be approximately 100:54:3:4 based on the method. The assembly forms of sea cucumber collagen fibrils were further hypothesized according to the chain stoichiometry. This study facilitated the quantification of collagen and understanding of the collagen constituents in sea cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China.
| | - Yaoguang Chang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kaimeng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao 266404, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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2
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Haq SAU, Bashir T, Roberts TH, Husaini AM. Ameliorating the effects of multiple stresses on agronomic traits in crops: modern biotechnological and omics approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:41. [PMID: 38158512 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
While global climate change poses a significant environmental threat to agriculture, the increasing population is another big challenge to food security. To address this, developing crop varieties with increased productivity and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses is crucial. Breeders must identify traits to ensure higher and consistent yields under inconsistent environmental challenges, possess resilience against emerging biotic and abiotic stresses and satisfy customer demands for safer and more nutritious meals. With the advent of omics-based technologies, molecular tools are now integrated with breeding to understand the molecular genetics of genotype-based traits and develop better climate-smart crops. The rapid development of omics technologies offers an opportunity to generate novel datasets for crop species. Identifying genes and pathways responsible for significant agronomic traits has been made possible by integrating omics data with genetic and phenotypic information. This paper discusses the importance and use of omics-based strategies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and phenomics, for agricultural and horticultural crop improvement, which aligns with developing better adaptability in these crop species to the changing climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Anam Ul Haq
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Tanzeel Bashir
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Thomas H Roberts
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Eveleigh, Australia
| | - Amjad M Husaini
- Genome Engineering and Societal Biotechnology Lab, Division of Plant Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India.
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3
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Koike H, Kanda M, Yoshikawa S, Hayashi H, Matsushima Y, Ohba Y, Hayashi M, Nagano C, Otsuka K, Kamiie J, Sasamoto T. Proteomic identification and quantification of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin using a stable isotope-labelled peptide via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:249-259. [PMID: 36773219 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Detection of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) in human stool is critical evidence of food poisoning. However, processing patient-derived samples is difficult and very few methods exist to confirm the presence of CPE. In this study, a technique was developed using proteomic analysis to identify and quantify CPE in artificial gut fluid as an alternative. METHODS The standard CPE was spiked into artificial gut fluids, and effective methods were developed by employing both a stable isotope-labelled internal standard peptide and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Proteotypic peptide EILDLAAATER formed by tryptic digestion was selected for quantitation of CPE. The peptide was identified using product ion spectra. Although the nontoxic peptides originating from CPE showed very low detectability in extraction and tryptic digestion, they could be detected with sufficient sensitivity using the method we developed. Based on a spiked recovery test at two concentrations (50 and 200 µg/kg), the recovery values were 85 and 78%, respectively. The relative standard deviations of repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were less than 8 and 11%, respectively. These standard deviations satisfied the criteria of the Japanese validation guidelines for residues (MHLW 2010, Director Notice, Syoku-An No. 1224-1). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was estimated to be 50 µg/kg. The combination of the product ion spectra and relative ion ratio supported CPE identification at the LOQ level. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of proteomic analysis of CPE using LC-MS/MS. The method would greatly help in assessing CPE reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan.
| | - Maki Kanda
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Souichi Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsushima
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohba
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Momoka Hayashi
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Chieko Nagano
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kenji Otsuka
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-Ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takeo Sasamoto
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1, Hyakunin-Cho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
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Thorsen ASF, Riber LPS, Rasmussen LM, Overgaard M. A targeted multiplex mass spectrometry method for quantitation of abundant matrix and cellular proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded arterial tissue. J Proteomics 2023; 272:104775. [PMID: 36414230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue traditionally hinges on immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. These methods are far from optimal for quantitative studies and not suitable for large-scale testing of multiple protein panels. In this study, we developed and optimised a novel targeted isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MS)-based method for FFPE samples, designed to quantitate 17 matrix and cytosolic proteins abundantly present in arterial tissue. Our new method was developed on FFPE human tissue samples of the internal thoracic artery obtained from coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations. The workflow has a limit of 60 samples per day. Assay precision improved by normalisation to both beta-actin and smooth muscle actin with inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 5.3% to 31.9%. To demonstrate clinical utility of the assay we analysed 40 FFPE artery specimens from two groups of patients with or without type 2 diabetes. We observed increased levels of collagen type IV α1 and α2 in patients with diabetes. The assay is scalable for larger cohorts and advantageous for pathophysiological studies in diabetes and the method is easily convertible to analysis of other proteins in FFPE artery samples. SIGNIFICANCE: This article presents a novel robust and precise targeted mass spectrometry assay for relative quantitation of a panel of abundant matrix and cellular arterial proteins in archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded arterial samples. We demonstrate its utility in pathophysiological studies of cardiovascular disease in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Faarvang Thorsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Center for Individualised Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense (SDCO), Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Peter Schødt Riber
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Center for Individualised Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Center for Individualised Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Bisconti M, Leroy B, Gallagher MT, Senet C, Martinet B, Arcolia V, Wattiez R, Kirkman-Brown JC, Simon JF, Hennebert E. The ribosome inhibitor chloramphenicol induces motility deficits in human spermatozoa: A proteomic approach identifies potentially involved proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:965076. [PMID: 36120567 PMCID: PMC9478589 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.965076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature spermatozoa are almost completely devoid of cytoplasm; as such it has long been believed that they do not contain ribosomes and are therefore not capable of synthesising proteins. However, since the 1950s, various studies have shown translational activity within spermatozoa, particularly during their in vitro capacitation. But the type of ribosomes involved (cytoplasmic or mitochondrial) is still debated. Here, we investigate the presence and activity of the two types of ribosomes in mature human spermatozoa. By targeting ribosomal RNAs and proteins, we show that both types of ribosomes are localized in the midpiece as well as in the neck and the base of the head of the spermatozoa. We assessed the impact of cycloheximide (CHX) and chloramphenicol (CP), inhibitors of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial ribosomes, respectively, on different sperm parameters. Neither CHX, nor CP impacted sperm vitality, mitochondrial activity (measured through the ATP content), or capacitation (measured through the content in phosphotyrosines). However, increasing CP concentrations induced a decrease in total and progressive motilities as well as on some kinematic parameters while no effect was observed with CHX. A quantitative proteomic analysis was performed by mass spectrometry in SWATH mode to compare the proteomes of spermatozoa capacitated in the absence or presence of the two ribosome inhibitors. Among the ∼700 proteins identified in the different tested conditions, 3, 3 and 25 proteins presented a modified abundance in the presence of 1 and 2 mg/ml of CHX, and 1 mg/ml of CP, respectively. The observed abundance variations of some CP-down regulated proteins were validated using Multiple-Reaction Monitoring (MRM). Taken together, our results are in favor of an activity of mitochondrial ribosomes. Their inhibition by CP results in a decrease in the abundance of several proteins, at least FUNDC2 and QRICH2, and consequently induces sperm motility deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bisconti
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Leroy
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, CISMa, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Meurig T. Gallagher
- Centre for Systems Modelling and Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Birmingham, Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Coralie Senet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Martinet
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Arcolia
- Clinique de Fertilité Régionale de Mons, CHU Ambroise Paré Hospital, Mons, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Microbiology, CISMa, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jackson C. Kirkman-Brown
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Centre for Human Reproductive Science, Birmingham Women’s and Children’s National Health Service Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Simon
- Clinique de Fertilité Régionale de Mons, CHU Ambroise Paré Hospital, Mons, Belgium
| | - Elise Hennebert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Research Institute for Biosciences, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Elise Hennebert,
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Targeted Analysis of HSP70 Isoforms in Human Spermatozoa in the Context of Capacitation and Motility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126497. [PMID: 35742939 PMCID: PMC9224233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HSP70s constitute a family of chaperones, some isoforms of which appear to play a role in sperm function. Notably, global proteomic studies analyzing proteins deregulated in asthenozoospermia, a main cause of male infertility characterized by low sperm motility, showed the dysregulation of some HSP70 isoforms. However, to date, no clear trend has been established since the variations in the abundance of HSP70 isoforms differed between studies. The HSPA2 isoform has been reported to play a key role in fertilization, but its dysregulation and possible relocation during capacitation, a maturation process making the spermatozoon capable of fertilizing an oocyte, is debated in the literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the fate of all sperm HSP70 isoforms during capacitation and in relation to sperm motility. Using Multiple-Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry, we showed that the relative abundance of all detected isoforms was stable between non-capacitated and capacitated spermatozoa. Immunofluorescence using two different antibodies also demonstrated the stability of HSP70 isoform localization during capacitation. We also investigated spermatozoa purified from 20 sperm samples displaying various levels of total and progressive sperm motility. We showed that the abundance of HSP70 isoforms is not correlated to sperm total or progressive motility.
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Kang W, Zhang J, Li H, Yu N, Tang R, Sun X, Wei L, Sun J, Chen Y. Quantification of major allergens in peach based on shotgun proteomics using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Bielajew BJ, Hu JC, Athanasiou KA. Methodology to Quantify Collagen Subtypes and Crosslinks: Application in Minipig Cartilages. Cartilage 2021; 13:1742S-1754S. [PMID: 34823380 PMCID: PMC8804780 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211060508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study develops assays to quantify collagen subtypes and crosslinks with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and characterizes the cartilages in the Yucatan minipig. METHODS For collagen subtyping, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on tissues digested in trypsin. For collagen crosslinks, LC-MS analysis was performed on hydrolysates. Samples were also examined histologically and with bottom-up proteomics. Ten cartilages (femoral condyle, femoral head, facet joint, floating rib, true rib, auricular cartilage, annulus fibrosus, 2 meniscus locations, and temporomandibular joint disc) were analyzed. RESULTS The collagen subtyping assay quantified collagen types I and II. The collagen crosslinks assay quantified mature and immature crosslinks. Collagen subtyping revealed that collagen type I predominates in fibrocartilages and collagen type II in hyaline cartilages, as expected. Elastic cartilage and fibrocartilages had more mature collagen crosslink profiles than hyaline cartilages. Bottom-up proteomics revealed a spectrum of ratios between collagen types I and II, and quantified 42 proteins, including 24 collagen alpha-chains and 12 minor collagen types. DISCUSSION The novel assays developed in this work are sensitive, inexpensive, and use a low operator time relative to other collagen analysis methods. Unlike the current collagen assays, these assays quantify collagen subtypes and crosslinks without an antibody-based approach or lengthy chromatography. They apply to any collagenous tissue, with broad applications in tissue characterization and tissue engineering. For example, a novel finding of this work was the presence of a large quantity of collagen type III in the white-white knee meniscus and a spectrum of hyaline and fibrous cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Bielajew
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jerry C. Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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9
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Proteome-wide Prediction of Lysine Methylation Leads to Identification of H2BK43 Methylation and Outlines the Potential Methyllysine Proteome. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107896. [PMID: 32668242 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein Lys methylation plays a critical role in numerous cellular processes, but it is challenging to identify Lys methylation in a systematic manner. Here we present an approach combining in silico prediction with targeted mass spectrometry (MS) to identify Lys methylation (Kme) sites at the proteome level. We develop MethylSight, a program that predicts Kme events solely on the physicochemical properties of residues surrounding the putative methylation sites, which then requires validation by targeted MS. Using this approach, we identify 70 new histone Kme marks with a 90% validation rate. H2BK43me2, which undergoes dynamic changes during stem cell differentiation, is found to be a substrate of KDM5b. Furthermore, MethylSight predicts that Lys methylation is a prevalent post-translational modification in the human proteome. Our work provides a useful resource for guiding systematic exploration of the role of Lys methylation in human health and disease.
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10
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Sengupta A, Naresh G, Mishra A, Parashar D, Narad P. Proteome analysis using machine learning approaches and its applications to diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 127:161-216. [PMID: 34340767 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With the tremendous developments in the fields of biological and medical technologies, huge amounts of data are generated in the form of genomic data, images in medical databases or as data on protein sequences, and so on. Analyzing this data through different tools sheds light on the particulars of the disease and our body's reactions to it, thus, aiding our understanding of the human health. Most useful of these tools is artificial intelligence and deep learning (DL). The artificially created neural networks in DL algorithms help extract viable data from the datasets, and further, to recognize patters in these complex datasets. Therefore, as a part of machine learning, DL helps us face all the various challenges that come forth during protein prediction, protein identification and their quantification. Proteomics is the study of such proteins, their structures, features, properties and so on. As a form of data science, Proteomics has helped us progress excellently in the field of genomics technologies. One of the major techniques used in proteomics studies is mass spectrometry (MS). However, MS is efficient with analysis of large datasets only with the added help of informatics approaches for data analysis and interpretation; these mainly include machine learning and deep learning algorithms. In this chapter, we will discuss in detail the applications of deep learning and various algorithms of machine learning in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - G Naresh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Astha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Diksha Parashar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Priyanka Narad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India.
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Rotello RJ, Veenstra TD. Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Principles and Practices for Quantitative Proteomics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 22:121-133. [PMID: 32957902 DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200921153513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current omics-age of research, major developments have been made in technologies that attempt to survey the entire repertoire of genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites present within a cell. While genomics has led to a dramatic increase in our understanding of such things as disease morphology and how organisms respond to medications, it is critical to obtain information at the proteome level since proteins carry out most of the functions within the cell. The primary tool for obtaining proteome-wide information on proteins within the cell is mass spectrometry (MS). While it has historically been associated with the protein identification, developments over the past couple of decades have made MS a robust technology for protein quantitation as well. Identifying quantitative changes in proteomes is complicated by its dynamic nature and the inability of any technique to guarantee complete coverage of every protein within a proteome sample. Fortunately, the combined development of sample preparation and MS methods have made it capable of quantitatively comparing many thousands of proteins obtained from cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco J Rotello
- School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH 45314, United States
| | - Timothy D Veenstra
- School of Pharmacy, Cedarville University, Cedarville, OH 45314, United States
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12
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Illiano A, Pinto G, Melchiorre C, Carpentieri A, Faraco V, Amoresano A. Protein Glycosylation Investigated by Mass Spectrometry: An Overview. Cells 2020; 9:E1986. [PMID: 32872358 PMCID: PMC7564411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification of crucial importance for its involvement in molecular recognition, protein trafficking, regulation, and inflammation. Indeed, abnormalities in protein glycosylation are correlated with several disease states such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, and congenial disorders. The understanding of cellular mechanisms through the elucidation of glycan composition encourages researchers to find analytical solutions for their detection. Actually, the multiplicity and diversity of glycan structures bond to the proteins, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies make their detection much trickier than other kinds of biopolymers. An overview of the most prominent techniques based on mass spectrometry (MS) for protein glycosylation (glycoproteomics) studies is here presented. The tricks and pre-treatments of samples are discussed as a crucial step prodromal to the MS analysis to improve the glycan ionization efficiency. Therefore, the different instrumental MS mode is also explored for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of glycopeptides and the glycans structural composition, thus contributing to the elucidation of biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Illiano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pinto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Chiara Melchiorre
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126 Napoles, Italy; (A.I.); (G.P.); (C.M.); (A.C.); (A.A.)
- Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi—Consorzio Interuniversitario, Viale delle Medaglie d’Oro, 305, 00136 Rome, Italy
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13
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Huang X, Zhu Z, Feng H, Zhang Q, Zhang H. Simultaneous determination of multi-allergens in surimi products by LC-MS/MS with a stable isotope-labeled peptide. Food Chem 2020; 320:126580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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14
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Koike H, Kanda M, Hayashi H, Matsushima Y, Yoshikawa S, Ohba Y, Hayashi M, Nagano C, Sekimura K, Otsuka K, Kamiie J, Sasamoto T, Hashimoto T. Development of an alternative approach for detecting botulinum neurotoxin type A in honey: Analysis of non-toxic peptides with a reference labelled protein via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1359-1373. [PMID: 32515305 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1766121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a reference labelled protein containing the partial amino acid sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA). We also applied it as an internal standard to detect specific and non-toxic peptides originated from BoNTA in honey with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Original proteins in the honey sample were collected through a two-step process that included solubilisation and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. Solubilisation by adding water enabled processing of proteins in honey. TCA precipitation collected proteins without specific binding. The combination of protein alkylation and an appropriate enzyme-to-protein ratio ensured feasibility of tryptic digestion. A desalting process eliminated a large amount of salts and other tryptic peptides in the honey sample. The use of the reference labelled protein enabled compensation for tryptic digestion efficiency and electrospray ionisation efficiency based on LC-MS/MS measurement. After the peptide selection and protein BlastP analysis, five unique peptides were chosen. The non-toxic peptides originating from BoNTA were reliably detected using LC-MS/MS based on a multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Detection of several peptides ensured screening of BoNTA in honey samples. Based on the responses, the proteotypic peptide LYGIAINPNR was selected as the quantitative peptide. Due to maintaining the relative ion ratios, the selective transition completely identified the non-toxic peptides. The intensity of the transitions established a detection limit of BoNTA estimated to be 9.4 ng mL-1. Although extraction efficiency was not evaluated using the BoNTA standard, the results suggested this method may be used for quantification of BoNTA in honey. The method was applied to 19 honey samples purchased in Tokyo; none of them was found to contain the target toxin. Overall, the method is expected to accelerate BoNTA monitoring for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kanda
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hairoshi Hayashi
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsushima
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Souichi Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohba
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoka Hayashi
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chieko Nagano
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Sekimura
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Otsuka
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University , Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Takeo Sasamoto
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hashimoto
- Department of Food Safety, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Krieg L, Schaffert A, Kern M, Landgraf K, Wabitsch M, Beck-Sickinger AG, Körner A, Blüher M, von Bergen M, Schubert K. An MRM-Based Multiplexed Quantification Assay for Human Adipokines and Apolipoproteins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040775. [PMID: 32054032 PMCID: PMC7070386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines and apolipoproteins are key regulators and potential biomarkers in obesity and associated diseases and their quantitative assessment is crucial for functional analyses to understand disease mechanisms. Compared to routinely used ELISAs, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based mass spectrometry allows multiplexing and detection of proteins for which antibodies are not available. Thus, we established an MRM method to quantify 9 adipokines and 10 apolipoproteins in human serum. We optimized sample preparation by depleting the two most abundant serum proteins for improved detectability of low abundant proteins. Intra-day and inter-day imprecision were below 16.5%, demonstrating a high accuracy. In 50 serum samples from participants with either normal weight or obesity, we quantified 8 adipokines and 10 apolipoproteins. Significantly different abundances were observed for five adipokines (adipsin, adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, vaspin) and four apolipoproteins (apo-B100/-C2/-C4/-D) between the body mass index (BMI) groups. Additionally, we applied our MRM assay to serum samples from normal weight children and human adipocyte cell culture supernatants to proof the feasibility for large cohort studies and distinct biological matrices. In summary, this multiplexed assay facilitated the investigation of relationships between adipokines or apolipoproteins and phenotypes or clinical parameters in large cohorts, which may contribute to disease prediction approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Krieg
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Alexandra Schaffert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Diabetes, Ulm University Medical Center, Eythstraße 24 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 27b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Ma X, Li H, Zhang J, Huang W, Han J, Ge Y, Sun J, Chen Y. Comprehensive quantification of sesame allergens in processed food using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Elpa DP, Prabhu GRD, Wu SP, Tay KS, Urban PL. Automation of mass spectrometric detection of analytes and related workflows: A review. Talanta 2019; 208:120304. [PMID: 31816721 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The developments in mass spectrometry (MS) in the past few decades reveal the power and versatility of this technology. MS methods are utilized in routine analyses as well as research activities involving a broad range of analytes (elements and molecules) and countless matrices. However, manual MS analysis is gradually becoming a thing of the past. In this article, the available MS automation strategies are critically evaluated. Automation of analytical workflows culminating with MS detection encompasses involvement of automated operations in any of the steps related to sample handling/treatment before MS detection, sample introduction, MS data acquisition, and MS data processing. Automated MS workflows help to overcome the intrinsic limitations of MS methodology regarding reproducibility, throughput, and the expertise required to operate MS instruments. Such workflows often comprise automated off-line and on-line steps such as sampling, extraction, derivatization, and separation. The most common instrumental tools include autosamplers, multi-axis robots, flow injection systems, and lab-on-a-chip. Prototyping customized automated MS systems is a way to introduce non-standard automated features to MS workflows. The review highlights the enabling role of automated MS procedures in various sectors of academic research and industry. Examples include applications of automated MS workflows in bioscience, environmental studies, and exploration of the outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan.
| | - Kheng Soo Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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18
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Gladysz R, Vrijdag J, Van Rompaey D, Lambeir A, Augustyns K, De Winter H, Van der Veken P. Efforts towards an On‐Target Version of the Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé (GBB) Reaction for Discovery of Druglike Urokinase (uPA) Inhibitors. Chemistry 2019; 25:12380-12393. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Gladysz
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Johannes Vrijdag
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical BiochemistryDepartment of, Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Dries Van Rompaey
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Anne‐Marie Lambeir
- Laboratory of Medical BiochemistryDepartment of, Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Koen Augustyns
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Hans De Winter
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Pieter Van der Veken
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (UAMC)Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium
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19
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Koike H, Kanda M, Hayashi H, Matsushima Y, Ohba Y, Nakagawa Y, Nagano C, Sekimura K, Hirai A, Shindo T, Otsuka K, Kamiie J, Sasamoto T, Hashimoto T. Quantification of staphylococcal enterotoxin type A in cow milk by using a stable isotope-labelled peptide via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1098-1108. [PMID: 31094669 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1615641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the staphylococcal enterotoxin type A (SEA) contaminant was quantified in cow milk by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with the use of a stable isotope-labelled peptide of SEA as an internal standard. SEA was cleaned up in a two-step process that included pH control and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation. The pH control phase eliminated other proteins. TCA precipitation cleaned up SEA without special equipment. An appropriate enzyme-to-protein ratio maximised tryptic digestion. A desalting process guaranteed the stable retention of SEA-digested peptides. The coverage of amino-acid sequences (>10%) clearly identified the toxin's presence. SEA was accurately quantified using LC-MS/MS based on a multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The developed method was validated based on spiked recovery tests at 50 and 100 µg kg-1 conducted with two samples collected on a daily basis for five days based on Japanese validation guidelines. The new method exhibited good accuracy which ranged from 80% to 82%. The relative standard deviations of repeatability were 13-14% and the relative standard deviations of within-laboratory reproducibility were 13-18%. These standard deviations satisfied the criteria of the Japanese validation guidelines. The quantification limit was estimated to be 10 µg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koike
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Maki Kanda
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hayashi
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoko Matsushima
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yumi Ohba
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakagawa
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Chieko Nagano
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kotaro Sekimura
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akihiko Hirai
- b Department of Microbiology , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shindo
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kenji Otsuka
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- c Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Azabu University , Sagamihara , Japan
| | - Takeo Sasamoto
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hashimoto
- a Department of Food Safety , Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health , Tokyo , Japan
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20
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Ippoushi K, Wakagi M, Hashimoto N, Takano-Ishikawa Y. Absolute quantification of the α, α', and β subunits of β-conglycinin from soybeans by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using stable isotope-labelled peptides. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1223-1228. [PMID: 30716909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
β-Conglycinin, a major protein in soybeans, shows improvement effect of lipid metabolism. Moreover, this protein influences the processing properties of soybeans. β-Conglycinin is a hetero-trimer constituted by α, α', and β subunits. In this work, a method for the selective quantification of these subunits was developed by means of protein absolute quantification (AQUA) technology using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with the stable isotope-labelled internal standard peptides LQSGDALR[13C6,15N4], NILEASYDTK[13C6,15N2], and NPIYSNNFGK[13C6,15N2]. This method exhibited linear relationships (r2 > 0.99) in the concentration range of 1.2-300 fmol/μL for LQSGDALR[13C6,15N4] and NILEASYDTK[13C6,15N2], and of 4.7-300 fmol/μL for NPIYSNNFGK[13C6,15N2]. As a result, the content of these subunits in β-conglycinin-rich and both α and α' subunit-deficient soybean cultivars was successfully determined. This quantitative assay is promising for the evaluation of the food functionality and processing properties of soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunari Ippoushi
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Manabu Wakagi
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Naoto Hashimoto
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Yuko Takano-Ishikawa
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Targeted proteomics detects proteins of interest with high sensitivity, quantitative accuracy, and reproducibility. In a targeted proteomics assay, surrogate peptides are generated by proteolytic digestion of target proteins and selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays are developed to quantify these peptides using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this report, we describe the details of quantitative analysis of target protein in cells and tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Lau BYC, Othman A, Ramli US. Application of Proteomics Technologies in Oil Palm Research. Protein J 2018; 37:473-499. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Development and application of a UPLC–MS/MS method for P-glycoprotein quantification in human tumor cells. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Koh YQ, Peiris HN, Vaswani K, Almughlliq FB, Meier S, Burke CR, Roche JR, Reed CB, Arachchige BJ, Reed S, Mitchell MD. Proteome profiling of exosomes derived from plasma of heifers with divergent genetic merit for fertility. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6462-6473. [PMID: 29705424 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated exosomes isolated from plasma of heifers bred to have high or low fertility through developing extreme diversity in fertility breeding values, however, key animal traits (e.g., body weight, milk production, and percentage of North American genetics) remained similar between the 2 groups. The exosomes were isolated by a combined ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography approach and characterized by their size distribution (nanoparticle tracking analysis), morphology (transmission electron microscopy), and presence of exosomal markers (immunoblotting). In addition, a targeted mass spectrometry approach was used to confirm the presence of 2 exosomal markers, tumor susceptibility gene 101 and flotillin 1. The number of exosomes from plasma of high fertility heifers was greater compared with low fertility heifers. Interestingly, the exosomal proteomic profile, evaluated using mass spectrometry, identified 89 and 116 proteins in the high and low fertility heifers respectively, of which 4 and 31 were unique, respectively. These include proteins associated with specific biological processes and molecular functions of fertility. Most notably, the tetratricopeptide repeat protein 41-related, glycodelin, and kelch-like protein 8 were identified in plasma exosomes unique to the low fertility heifers. These proteins are suggested to play a role in reproduction; however, the role of these proteins in dairy cow reproduction remains to be elucidated. Their identification underscores the potential for proteins within exosomes to provide information on the fertility status and physiological condition of the cow. This may potentially lead to the development of prognostic tools and interventions to improving dairy cow fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Qin Koh
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Hassendrini N Peiris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Kanchan Vaswani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Fatema B Almughlliq
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Susanne Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Chris R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - John R Roche
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Buddhika J Arachchige
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Sarah Reed
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Murray D Mitchell
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
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25
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Wilson RS, Thelen JJ. In Vivo Quantitative Monitoring of Subunit Stoichiometry for Metabolic Complexes. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1773-1783. [PMID: 29582652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic pathways often employ assemblies of individual enzymes to facilitate substrate channeling to improve thermodynamic efficiency and confer pathway directionality. It is often assumed that subunits to multienzyme complexes are coregulated and accumulate at fixed levels in vivo, reflecting complex stoichiometry. Such assumptions can be experimentally tested using modern tandem mass spectrometry, and herein we describe such an approach applied toward an important metabolic complex. The committed step of de novo fatty acid synthesis in the plastids of most plants is catalyzed by the multienzyme, heteromeric acetyl-CoA carboxylase (hetACCase). This complex is composed of four catalytic subunits and a recently discovered regulatory subunit resembling the biotin carboxyl carrier protein but lacking the biotinylation motif necessary for activity. To better understand this novel form of regulation, a targeted tandem mass-spectrometry-based assay was developed to absolutely quantify all subunits to the Arabidopsis thaliana hetACCase. After validation against pure, recombinant protein, this multiplexed assay was used to quantify hetACCase subunits in siliques in various stages of development. Quantitation provided a developmental profile of hetACCase and BADC protein expression that supports a recently proposed regulatory mechanism for hetACCase and demonstrates a promising application of targeted mass spectrometry for in vivo analysis of protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashaun S Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
| | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry , University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center , Columbia , Missouri 65211 , United States
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26
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Lin N, Chen S, Zhang H, Li J, Fu L. Quantification of Major Royal Jelly Protein 1 in Fresh Royal Jelly by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1270-1278. [PMID: 29381065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Major royal jelly protein 1 (MRJP1) is the most abundant protein in royal jelly (RJ), and the level of MRJP1 has been suggested as a promising parameter for standardization and evaluation of RJ authenticity in quality. Here, a quantitative method was developed for the quantification of MRJP1 in RJ based on a signature peptide and a stable isotope-labeled internal standard peptide FFDYDFGSDER*(R*, 13C6, 15N4) by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Recoveries of the established method ranged from 85.33 to 95.80%, and both the intra- and interday precision were RSD < 4.97%. Quantification results showed that content of MRJP1 in fresh RJ was 41.96-55.01 mg/g. Abnormal levels of MRJP1 were found in three commercial RJs and implied that these samples were of low quality and might be adulterated. Results of the present work suggested that the developed method could be successfully applied to quantify MRJP1 in RJ and also could evaluate the quality of RJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Enhancement, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province , Zhoushan 316000, China
- Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Zhejiang Ocean University , Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
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27
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Sensitive determination of thiols in wine samples by a stable isotope-coded derivatization reagent d 0 / d 4 -acridone-10-ethyl-N-maleimide coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1491:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Wang EH, Nagarajan Y, Carroll F, Schug KA. Reversed-phase separation parameters for intact proteins using liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3716-3727. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H. Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | - Yashaswini Nagarajan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Kevin A. Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington TX USA
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29
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Verloop AJW, Vincken JP, Gruppen H. A tandem mass spectrometry method based on selected ions detects low-abundance phenolics in black tea - theatridimensins as products of the oxidative cascade. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1797-805. [PMID: 27426456 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mixtures of phenolics are widespread in plant-derived food products, for instance black tea. Detailed compositional analysis of phenolics present is important for quality control. Characterization of low-abundance compounds often requires extensive purification; hence, the need for rapid screening methods to annotate compounds in complex mixtures without extensive sample preparation. Opportunities of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) as tool in a rapid screening method are discussed for black tea analysis, with the two-step-oxidation product theatridimensin (T3D) as example. METHODS Three MS screening methods were compared for their ability to tentatively annotate two-step-oxidation products in black teas without the need for prior fractionation: (i) full MS; (ii) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) on selected ions; and (iii) selected reaction monitoring (SRM), in combination with post-analysis extracted ion chromatography. A model system of theaflavin (TF), epicatechin (EC) and tyrosinase was used to prepare the two-step-oxidation product T3D, consisting of three oligomerized catechin subunits. Commercial teas were screened for the occurrence of T3Ds. RESULTS The MS(2) fragmentation pattern of T3D was compared with that of an isomeric catechin trimer from black tea, TFsEC. MS(2) signature fragments were found to distinguish the two isomers, i.e. m/z 617 for T3D and m/z 563 for TFsEC. The MS screening methods, MS/MS on selected ions and SRM, both enabled monitoring MS(2) data of compounds present in low abundance. The former provided the most complete MS(2) data set, which facilitated the discovery of another isomer, i.e. theaflavate A. T3Ds, TFsECs, and theaflavate A could be tentatively annotated in all tested tea samples. CONCLUSIONS When exploring black tea for the occurrence of two-step-oxidation products, the use of MS/MS on selected ions combined with extracted ion chromatography proved to be the most suitable. The occurrence of T3Ds and T3Dgs in various black teas was shown for the first time and the 'oxidative cascade hypothesis' was extended with novel oxidation products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annewieke J W Verloop
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Ippoushi K, Sasanuma M, Oike H, Kobori M, Maeda-Yamamoto M. Absolute quantification of Pru av 2 in sweet cherry fruit by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with the use of a stable isotope-labelled peptide. Food Chem 2016; 204:129-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Skinner WS, Phinney BS, Herren A, Goodstal FJ, Dicely I, Facciotti D. Using LC-MS Based Methods for Testing the Digestibility of a Nonpurified Transgenic Membrane Protein in Simulated Gastric Fluid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:5251-5259. [PMID: 27255301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The digestibility of a nonpurified transgenic membrane protein was determined in pepsin, as part of the food safety evaluation of its resistance to digestion and allergenic potential. Delta-6-desaturase from Saprolegnia diclina, a transmembrane protein expressed in safflower for the production of gamma linolenic acid in the seed, could not be obtained in a pure, native form as normally required for this assay. As a novel approach, the endoplasmic reticulum isolated from immature seeds was digested in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and the degradation of delta-6-desaturase was selectively followed by SDS-PAGE and targeted LC-MS/MS quantification using stable isotope-labeled peptides as internal standards. The digestion of delta-6-desaturase by SGF was shown to be both rapid and complete. Less than 10% of the initial amount of D6D remained intact after 30 s, and no fragments large enough (>3 kDa) to elicit a type I allergenic response remained after 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S Skinner
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California , Room 1414 GBSF, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Anthony Herren
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of California , Room 1414 GBSF, 451 East Health Sciences Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Floyd J Goodstal
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Isabel Dicely
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - Daniel Facciotti
- Arcadia Biosciences , 202 Cousteau Place, Suite 200, Davis, California 95618, United States
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32
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Wang EH, Combe PC, Schug KA. Multiple Reaction Monitoring for Direct Quantitation of Intact Proteins Using a Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:886-896. [PMID: 26956437 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methods that can efficiently and effectively quantify proteins are needed to support increasing demand in many bioanalytical fields. Triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (QQQ-MS) is sensitive and specific, and it is routinely used to quantify small molecules. However, low resolution fragmentation-dependent MS detection can pose inherent difficulties for intact proteins. In this research, we investigated variables that affect protein and fragment ion signals to enable protein quantitation using QQQ-MS. Collision induced dissociation gas pressure and collision energy were found to be the most crucial variables for optimization. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions for seven standard proteins, including lysozyme, ubiquitin, cytochrome c from both equine and bovine, lactalbumin, myoglobin, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were determined. Assuming the eventual goal of applying such methodology is to analyze protein in biological fluids, a liquid chromatography method was developed. Calibration curves of six standard proteins (excluding PSA) were obtained to show the feasibility of intact protein quantification using QQQ-MS. Linearity (2-3 orders), limits of detection (0.5-50 μg/mL), accuracy (<5% error), and precision (1%-12% CV) were determined for each model protein. Sensitivities for different proteins varied considerably. Biological fluids, including human urine, equine plasma, and bovine plasma were used to demonstrate the specificity of the approach. The purpose of this model study was to identify, study, and demonstrate the advantages and challenges for QQQ-MS-based intact protein quantitation, a largely underutilized approach to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn H Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Peter C Combe
- Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc., Columbia, MD, 21046, USA
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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33
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Tao H, Zhang Y, Cao X, Deng Z, Liu T. Absolute quantification of proteins in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway using protein standard absolute quantification. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:150-157. [PMID: 29062939 PMCID: PMC5640790 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With worldwide attention on renewable energy and climate change, metabolic engineering of the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway has become an active area of research, with a view to enhance production of biofuels. Indeed, this pathway has already been extensively studied in Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, little is known about the absolute abundance of the enzymes involved, information that may be valuable for engineering, such as the optimal molar ratios of different proteins. In this study, we use protein standard absolute quantification (PSAQ) to measure the absolute abundance of proteins that catalyze fatty acid biosynthesis in E. coli. In addition, the changes of protein abundance were analyzed by comparing the differences between high-yield and the background strain. Our work highlights opportunities to enhance fatty acid production by measuring protein molar ratios and identifying catalytic and regulatory bottlenecks. More importantly, our results provide evidence that PSAQ is a generally valuable tool to investigate metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Tiangang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P.R. China.,Hubei Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Microbiology, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China.,Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Wuhan 430068, P.R. China
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34
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Chen Y, Wang F, Xu F, Yang T. Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Quantification. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 919:255-279. [PMID: 27975224 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41448-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of individual proteins and even entire proteomes is an important theme in proteomics research. Quantitative proteomics is an approach to obtain quantitative information about proteins in a sample. Compared to qualitative or semi-quantitative proteomics, this approach can provide more insight into the effects of a specific stimulus, such as a change in the expression level of a protein and its posttranslational modifications, or to a panel of proposed biomarkers in a given disease state. Proteomics methodologies, along with a variety of bioinformatics approaches, are a major tool in quantitative proteomics. As the theory and technological aspects underlying the proteomics methodologies will be extensively described in Chap. 20 , and protein identification as a prerequisite of quantification has been discussed in Chap. 17 , we will focus on the quantitative proteomics bioinformatics algorithms and software tools in this chapter. Our goal is to provide researchers and newcomers a rational framework to select suitable bioinformatics tools for data analysis, interpretation, and integration in protein quantification. Before doing so, a brief overview of quantitative proteomics is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Fuqiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tian Yuan East Road, Nanjing, 211166, China
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35
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Global dynamics of Escherichia coli phosphoproteome in central carbon metabolism under changing culture conditions. J Proteomics 2015; 126:24-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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36
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Chen J, Green KB, Nichols KK. Characterization of Wax Esters by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Double Bond Effect and Unusual Product Ions. Lipids 2015; 50:821-36. [PMID: 26178197 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of different types of wax esters (represented by RCOOR') were systematically studied by using electrospray ionization (ESI) collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) along with pseudo MS(3) (in-source dissociation combined with MS/MS) on a quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass spectrometer. The tandem mass spectra patterns resulting from dissociation of ammonium/proton adducts of these wax esters were influenced by the wax ester type and the collision energy applied. The product ions [RCOOH2](+), [RCO](+) and [RCO-H2O](+) that have been reported previously were detected; however, different primary product ions were demonstrated for the three wax ester types including: (1) [RCOOH2](+) for saturated wax esters, (2) [RCOOH2](+), [RCO](+) and [RCO-H2O](+) for unsaturated wax esters containing only one double bond in the fatty acid moiety or with one additional double bond in the fatty alcohol moiety, and (3) [RCOOH2](+) and [RCO](+) for unsaturated wax esters containing a double bond in the fatty alcohol moiety alone. Other fragments included [R'](+) and several series of product ions for all types of wax esters. Interestingly, unusual product ions were detected, such as neutral molecule (including water, methanol and ammonia) adducts of [RCOOH2](+) ions for all types of wax esters and [R'-2H](+) ions for unsaturated fatty acyl-containing wax esters. The patterns of tandem mass spectra for different types of wax esters will inform future identification and quantification approaches of wax esters in biological samples as supported by a preliminary study of quantification of isomeric wax esters in human meibomian gland secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- Applied Biotechnology Branch, Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, OH, 45433, USA,
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37
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Huang CH, Hsu FY, Wu YH, Zhong L, Tseng MY, Kuo CJ, Hsu AL, Liang SS, Chiou SH. Analysis of lifespan-promoting effect of garlic extract by an integrated metabolo-proteomics approach. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:808-17. [PMID: 25940980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of garlic (Allium sativum) consumption in treating human diseases have been reported worldwide over a long period of human history. The strong antioxidant effect of garlic extract (GE) has also recently been claimed to prevent cancer, thrombus formation, cardiovascular disease and some age-related maladies. Using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, aqueous GE was herein shown to increase the expression of longevity-related FOXO transcription factor daf-16 and extend lifespan by 20%. By employing microarray and proteomics analysis on C. elegans treated with aqueous GE, we have systematically mapped 229 genes and 46 proteins with differential expression profiles, which included many metabolic enzymes and yolky egg vitellogenins. To investigate the garlic components functionally involved in longevity, an integrated metabolo-proteomics approach was employed to identify metabolites and protein components associated with treatment of aqueous GE. Among potential lifespan-promoting substances, mannose-binding lectin and N-acetylcysteine were found to increase daf-16 expression. Our study points to the fact that the lifespan-promoting effect of aqueous GE may entail the DAF-16-mediated signaling pathway. The result also highlights the utility of metabolo-proteomics for unraveling the complexity and intricacy involved in the metabolism of natural products in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Huang
- Quantitative Proteomics Center and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hsu
- Quantitative Proteomics Center and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Heng Wu
- Quantitative Proteomics Center and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Linda Zhong
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mu-Yun Tseng
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jen Kuo
- Quantitative Proteomics Center and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ao-Lin Hsu
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Horng Chiou
- Quantitative Proteomics Center and Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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38
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Exosomes in urine biomarker discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 845:43-58. [PMID: 25355568 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9523-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanovesicles present in urine the so-called urinary exosomes have been found to be secreted by every epithelial cell type lining the urinary tract system in human. Urinary exosomes are an appealing source for biomarker discovery as they contain molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including proteins and genetic materials, and they can be isolated in a non-invasive manner. Following the discovery of urinary exosomes in 2004, many studies have been performed using urinary exosomes as a starting material to identify biomarkers in various renal, urogenital, and systemic diseases. Here, we describe the discovery of urinary exosomes and address the issues on the collection, isolation, and normalization of urinary exosomes as well as delineate the systems biology approach to biomarker discovery using urinary exosomes.
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39
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High metabolic in vivo stability and bioavailability of a palmitoylated ghrelin receptor ligand assessed by mass spectrometry. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:3925-32. [PMID: 25541202 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor is of high physiological and pathophysiological relevance. In-depth structure-activity relationship studies revealed a palmitoylated ghrelin receptor ligand that displays an in vitro binding affinity in the low nanomolar range. Activity studies revealed inverse agonistic as well as antagonistic properties and in vitro metabolic analysis indicated a high stability in blood serum and liver homogenate. For metabolic testing in vivo, a combined approach of stable isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry-based analysis was established. Therefore, a heavy isotopic version of the peptide containing a (13)C-labeled palmitic acid was synthesized and a 1:1 ratio of a (12)C/(13)C-peptide mixture was injected into rats. Biological samples were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring allowing simultaneous peptide detection and quantification. Measurements revealed a suitable bioavailability over 24h in rat serum and subsequent high-resolution mass spectrometry investigations showed only negligible degradation and slow body clearance. Hence, this method combination allowed the identification and evaluation of a highly potent and metabolically stable ghrelin receptor ligand in vivo.
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40
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Yu Q, Liu B, Ruan D, Niu C, Shen J, Ni M, Cong W, Lu X, Jin L. A novel targeted proteomics method for identification and relative quantitation of difference in nitration degree of OGDH between healthy and diabetic mouse. Proteomics 2014; 14:2417-26. [PMID: 25251478 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Lishui Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Dandan Ruan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Maowei Ni
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Weitao Cong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
- Wenzhou Undersun Biotechnology Co., Ltd; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Xianghong Lu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Lishui Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Litai Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
- Wenzhou Undersun Biotechnology Co., Ltd; Wenzhou Zhejiang P. R. China
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41
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Bhargava M, Higgins L, Wendt CH, Ingbar DH. Application of clinical proteomics in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:34. [PMID: 26932378 PMCID: PMC4883989 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating cause of hypoxic respiratory failure, which continues to have high mortality. It is expected that a comprehensive systems- level approach will identify global and complex changes that contribute to the development of ARDS and subsequent repair of the damaged lung. In the last decade, powerful genome-wide analytical and informatics tools have been developed, that have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of complex diseases such as ARDS. These tools include the rapid and precise measure of gene expression at the proteomic level. This article reviews the contemporary proteomics platforms that are available for comprehensive studies in ARDS. The challenges of various biofluids that could be investigated and some of the studies performed are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Bhargava
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - LeeAnn Higgins
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Christine H Wendt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. .,Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - David H Ingbar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
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42
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Zhang G, Annan RS, Carr SA, Neubert TA. Overview of peptide and protein analysis by mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 108:10.21.1-10.21.30. [PMID: 25271712 DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb1021s108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool for peptide and protein analysis owing to its speed, sensitivity, and versatility. It can be used to determine amino acid sequences of peptides, and to characterize a wide variety of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. Mass spectrometry can also be used to determine absolute and relative protein quantities, and can identify and quantify thousands of proteins from complex samples, which makes it an extremely powerful tool for systems biology studies. The main goals of this unit are to familiarize peptide and protein chemists and biologists with the types of mass spectrometers that are appropriate for the majority of their analytical needs, to describe the kinds of experiments that can be performed with these instruments on a routine basis, and to discuss the kinds of information that these experiments provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Zhang
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, Skirball Institute and Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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43
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Farrokhi V, McShane AJ, Nemati R, Yao X. Stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry for membrane transporter quantitation. AAPS JOURNAL 2014; 15:1222-31. [PMID: 24022320 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an introduction to stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (MS) and its emerging applications in the analysis of membrane transporter proteins. Various approaches and application examples, for the generation and use of quantitation reference standards—either stable isotope-labeled peptides or proteins—are discussed as they apply to the MS quantitation of membrane proteins. Technological considerations for the sample preparation of membrane transporter proteins are also presented.
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44
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Frantzi M, Bhat A, Latosinska A. Clinical proteomic biomarkers: relevant issues on study design & technical considerations in biomarker development. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:7. [PMID: 24679154 PMCID: PMC3994249 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker research is continuously expanding in the field of clinical proteomics. A combination of different proteomic-based methodologies can be applied depending on the specific clinical context of use. Moreover, current advancements in proteomic analytical platforms are leading to an expansion of biomarker candidates that can be identified. Specifically, mass spectrometric techniques could provide highly valuable tools for biomarker research. Ideally, these advances could provide with biomarkers that are clinically applicable for disease diagnosis and/ or prognosis. Unfortunately, in general the biomarker candidates fail to be implemented in clinical decision making. To improve on this current situation, a well-defined study design has to be established driven by a clear clinical need, while several checkpoints between the different phases of discovery, verification and validation have to be passed in order to increase the probability of establishing valid biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the technical proteomic platforms that are available along the different stages in the biomarker discovery pipeline, exemplified by clinical applications in the field of bladder cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frantzi
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Mellendorfer Strasse 7-9, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Akshay Bhat
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Mellendorfer Strasse 7-9, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Latosinska
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kussmann M. Role of proteomics in nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 6:453-6. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.09.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Beretov J, Wasinger VC, Graham PH, Millar EK, Kearsley JH, Li Y. Proteomics for breast cancer urine biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 63:123-67. [PMID: 24783353 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800094-6.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients has increased over the last two decades due to improved screening programs and postoperative adjuvant systemic therapies, many patients die from metastatic relapse. Current biomarkers used in the clinic are not useful for the early detection of BC, or monitoring its progression, and have limited value in predicting response to treatment. The development of proteomic techniques has sparked new searches for novel protein markers for many diseases including BC. Proteomic techniques allow for a high-throughput analysis of samples with the visualization and quantification of thousands of potential protein and peptide markers. Human urine is one of the most interesting and useful biofluids for routine testing and provides an excellent resource for the discovery of novel biomarkers, with the advantage over tissue biopsy samples due to the ease and less invasive nature of collection. In this review, we summarize the results from studies where urine was used as a source for BC biomarker research and discuss urine sample preparation, its advantage, challenges, and limitation. We focus on the gel-based proteomic approaches as well as the recent development of quantitative techniques in BC urine biomarker detection. Finally, the future use of modern proteomic techniques in BC biomarker identification will be discussed.
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Yassine H, Borges CR, Schaab MR, Billheimer D, Stump C, Reaven P, Lau SS, Nelson R. Mass spectrometric immunoassay and MRM as targeted MS-based quantitative approaches in biomarker development: potential applications to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:528-40. [PMID: 23696124 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD)--the leading cause of death in the United States. Yet not all subjects with T2DM are at equal risk for CVD complications; the challenge lies in identifying those at greatest risk. Therapies directed toward treating conventional risk factors have failed to significantly reduce this residual risk in T2DM patients. Thus newer targets and markers are needed for the development and testing of novel therapies. Herein we review two complementary MS-based approaches--mass spectrometric immunoassay (MSIA) and MS/MS as MRM--for the analysis of plasma proteins and PTMs of relevance to T2DM and CVD. Together, these complementary approaches allow for high-throughput monitoring of many PTMs and the absolute quantification of proteins near the low picomolar range. In this review article, we discuss the clinical relevance of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) proteome and Apolipoprotein A-I PTMs to T2DM and CVD as well as provide illustrative MSIA and MRM data on HDL proteins from T2DM patients to provide examples of how these MS approaches can be applied to gain new insight regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Also discussed are the reproducibility, interpretation, and limitations of each technique with an emphasis on their capacities to facilitate the translation of new biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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48
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Liu H, Galka M, Mori E, Liu X, Lin YF, Wei R, Pittock P, Voss C, Dhami G, Li X, Miyaji M, Lajoie G, Chen B, Li SSC. A method for systematic mapping of protein lysine methylation identifies functions for HP1β in DNA damage response. Mol Cell 2013; 50:723-35. [PMID: 23707759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lysine methylation occurs on both histone and nonhistone proteins. However, our knowledge on the prevalence and function of nonhistone protein methylation is poor. We describe an approach that combines peptide array, bioinformatics, and mass spectrometry to systematically identify lysine methylation sites and map methyllysine-driven protein-protein interactions. Using this approach, we identified a high-confidence and high-resolution interactome of the heterochromatin protein 1β (HP1β) and uncovered, simultaneously, numerous methyllysine sites on nonhistone proteins. We found that HP1β binds to DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and regulates its localization to double-strand breaks (DSBs) during DNA damage response (DDR). Mutation of the methylation sites in DNA-PKcs or depletion of HP1β in cells caused defects in DDR. Furthermore, we showed that the methylation of DNA-PKcs and many other proteins in the HP1β interactome undergoes large changes in response to DNA damage, indicating that Lys methylation is a highly dynamic posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huadong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Medical Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
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A review on recent developments in mass spectrometry instrumentation and quantitative tools advancing bacterial proteomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:4749-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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50
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Balogh LM, Lai Y. Applications of Targeted Proteomics in ADME for IVIVE. TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8229-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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