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Chen Z, Zhao F, He Z, Sun H, Xi Q, Yu X, Ding Y, An Z, Wang J, Liu X, Li M, Hao Z, Li S. Expression Localization of the KRT32 Gene and Its Association of Genetic Variation with Wool Traits. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2961-2974. [PMID: 38666915 PMCID: PMC11049001 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in keratin gene expression and spatiotemporal regulation determine the compositional content and cellular localization of wool keratin, thereby affecting wool traits. Therefore, keratin gene family member 32 (KRT32) was selected for a study using RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and penta-primer amplification refractory mutation system (PARMS) techniques. The results showed that KRT32 mRNA was highly expressed in the skin and localized to the inner root sheath (IRS), outer root sheath (ORS) and dermal papilla (DP). Sequencing results identified eight SNPs in KRT32, and association analyses revealed that the variations were significantly associated with multiple traits in wool (p < 0.05), including MFD, CF and MFC. The constructed haplotype combination H2H3 has higher CF and smaller MFD than other haplotype combination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, KRT32 can be used as a candidate gene for molecular genetic improvement of wool in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaobin Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Z.C.); (F.Z.); (Z.H.); (H.S.); (Q.X.); (X.Y.); (Y.D.); (Z.A.); (J.W.); (X.L.); (M.L.); (Z.H.)
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Endoh T, Sugimoto N. Conformational Dynamics of the RNA G-Quadruplex and its Effect on Translation Efficiency. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081613. [PMID: 31022854 PMCID: PMC6514569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During translation, intracellular mRNA folds co-transcriptionally and must refold following the passage of ribosome. The mRNAs can be entrapped in metastable structures during these folding events. In the present study, we evaluated the conformational dynamics of the kinetically favored, metastable, and hairpin-like structure, which disturbs the thermodynamically favored G-quadruplex structure, and its effect on co-transcriptional translation in prokaryotic cells. We found that nascent mRNA forms a metastable hairpin-like structure during co-transcriptional folding instead of the G-quadruplex structure. When the translation progressed co-transcriptionally before the metastable hairpin-like structure transition to the G-quadruplex, function of the G-quadruplex as a roadblock of the ribosome was sequestered. This suggested that kinetically formed RNA structures had a dominant effect on gene expression in prokaryotes. The results of this study indicate that it is critical to consider the conformational dynamics of RNA-folding to understand the contributions of the mRNA structures in controlling gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Endoh
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST), Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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Endoh T, Sugimoto N. Conformational Dynamics of mRNA in Gene Expression as New Pharmaceutical Target. CHEM REC 2017; 17:817-832. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Endoh
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER); Konan University; 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Frontier Institute for Biomolecular Engineering Research (FIBER); Konan University; 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology (FIRST); Konan University; 7-1-20 Minatojima-minamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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Albrecht AA, Day L, Abdelhadi Ep Souki O, Steinhöfel K. A new heuristic method for approximating the number of local minima in partial RNA energy landscapes. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 60:43-52. [PMID: 26657221 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of energy landscapes plays an important role in mathematical modelling, simulation and optimisation. Among the main features of interest are the number and distribution of local minima within the energy landscape. Granier and Kallel proposed in 2002 a new sampling procedure for estimating the number of local minima. In the present paper, we focus on improved heuristic implementations of the general framework devised by Granier and Kallel with regard to run-time behaviour and accuracy of predictions. The new heuristic method is demonstrated for the case of partial energy landscapes induced by RNA secondary structures. While the computation of minimum free energy RNA secondary structures has been studied for a long time, the analysis of folding landscapes has gained momentum over the past years in the context of co-transcriptional folding and deeper insights into cell processes. The new approach has been applied to ten RNA instances of length between 99 nt and 504 nt and their respective partial energy landscapes defined by secondary structures within an energy offset ΔE above the minimum free energy conformation. The number of local minima within the partial energy landscapes ranges from 1440 to 3441. Our heuristic method produces for the best approximations on average a deviation below 3.0% from the true number of local minima.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke Day
- King's College London, Informatics Department, London, UK
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Adhikari N, Guan W, Capaldo B, Mackey AJ, Carlson M, Ramakrishnan S, Walek D, Gupta M, Mitchell A, Eckman P, John R, Ashley E, Barton PJ, Hall JL. Identification of a new target of miR-16, Vacuolar Protein Sorting 4a. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101509. [PMID: 25033200 PMCID: PMC4102469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The rationale was to utilize a bioinformatics approach to identify miRNA binding sites in genes with single nucleotide mutations (SNPs) to discover pathways in heart failure (HF). Objective The objective was to focus on the genes containing miRNA binding sites with miRNAs that were significantly altered in end-stage HF and in response to a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Methods and Results BEDTools v2.14.3 was used to discriminate SNPs within predicted 3′UTR miRNA binding sites. A member of the miR-15/107 family, miR-16, was decreased in the circulation of end-stage HF patients and increased in response to a LVAD (p<0.001). MiR-16 decreased Vacuolar Protein Sorting 4a (VPS4a) expression in HEK 293T cells (p<0.01). The SNP rs16958754 was identified in the miR-15/107 family binding site of VPS4a which abolished direct binding of miR-16 to the 3′UTR of VPS4a (p<0.05). VPS4a was increased in the circulation of end-stage HF patients (p<0.001), and led to a decrease in the number of HEK 293T cells in vitro (p<0.001). Conclusions We provide evidence that miR-16 decreases in the circulation of end-stage HF patients and increases with a LVAD. Modeling studies suggest that miR-16 binds to and decreases expression of VPS4a. Overexpression of VPS4a decreases cell number. Together, these experiments suggest that miR-16 and VPS4a expression are altered in end-stage HF and in response to unloading with a LVAD. This signaling pathway may lead to reduced circulating cell number in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Adhikari
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian Capaldo
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Mackey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Marjorie Carlson
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Sundaram Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dinesha Walek
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Manu Gupta
- National Institute of Heart Research, Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Mitchell
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Peter Eckman
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ranjit John
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Surgery Division, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Euan Ashley
- Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Barton
- Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer L. Hall
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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