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Cho W, Oh H, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Therapeutic potential of ginsenoside compound K in managing tenocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix damage in diabetic tendinopathy. Tissue Cell 2024; 86:102275. [PMID: 37979397 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of tendinopathy in patients with diabetes is well documented. Despite efforts to improve diabetes management, there is a lack of research on therapeutic agents targeting the core features of tendinopathy, namely, tenocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) damage. In this study, we investigated the potential of ginsenoside compound K (CK), known for its antidiabetic properties, to mitigate tenocyte apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and the metalloproteinase (MMP) system under hyperglycemic conditions. Our research also aimed to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of CK. The assessment of apoptosis involved observing intracellular chromatin condensation and measuring caspase 3 activity. To gauge oxidative stress, we examined cellular ROS levels and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentrations. Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of various proteins. Our findings indicate that CK treatment effectively countered high glucose-induced apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in cultured tenocytes. Furthermore, CK normalized the expression of MMP-9, MMP-13, and TIMP-1. Notably, CK treatment boosted the expression of PPARγ and antioxidant enzymes. We conducted small interfering (si) RNA experiments targeting PPARγ, revealing its role in mediating CK's effects on tendinopathy features in hyperglycemic tenocytes. In conclusion, these in vitro results offer valuable insights into the potential therapeutic role of CK in managing tendinopathy among individuals with diabetes. By addressing crucial aspects of tendinopathy, CK presents itself as a promising avenue for future research and treatment development in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseung Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, the Republic of Korea.
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Grimaldi B, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Halari CD, Nandi P, Kingdom JC, Drewlo S. Rosiglitazone-Mediated Activation of PPARγ Restores HO1 Expression in the Human Preeclamptic Placenta. Hypertension 2023; 80:2386-2396. [PMID: 37702083 PMCID: PMC10581437 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by chronic placental ischemia and suppression of proangiogenic proteins, causing oxidative stress, hypertension, and maternal systemic organ damage. The transcription factor, PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) promotes healthy trophoblast differentiation but is dysregulated in the preeclampsia placenta. Our study identifies the beneficial impact of Rosiglitazone-mediated PPARγ-activation in the stressed preeclampsia placenta. METHODS We used first trimester placentas, preeclamptic and preterm control placentas, and human trophoblast cell lines to study PPARγ activation. RESULTS Induction of PPARγ activates cell growth and antioxidative stress pathways, including the gene, heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1). Protein expression of both PPARγ and HO1 (heme oxygenase 1) are reduced in preeclamptic placentas, but Rosiglitazone restores HO1 signaling in a PPARγ-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Restoring disrupted pathways by PPARγ in preeclampsia offers a potential therapeutic pathway to reverse placental damage, extending pregnancy duration, and reduce maternal sequelae. Future research should aim to understand the full scope of impaired PPARγ signaling in the human placenta and focus on compounds for safe use during pregnancy to prevent severe perinatal morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Grimaldi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI (B.G., H.-R.K.-G.)
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI (B.G.)
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI (B.G., H.-R.K.-G.)
| | - Chidambra D. Halari
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (C.D.H., P.N., S.D.)
| | - Pinki Nandi
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (C.D.H., P.N., S.D.)
| | - John C. Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada (J.C.K., S.D.)
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada (J.C.K.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.C.K., S.D.)
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada (J.C.K., S.D.)
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada (C.D.H., P.N., S.D.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.C.K., S.D.)
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3
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Wang J, Jia J, He Q, Xu Y, Liao H, Xiong X, Liu L, Sun C. A novel multifunctional mitochondrion-targeting NIR fluorophore probe inhibits tumour proliferation and metastasis through the PPARγ/ROS/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115435. [PMID: 37327679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in tumour-targeted therapies and immunotherapy offer hope to patients with various malignancies. However, the uncontrolled growth and metastatic infiltration of malignant tumours remain a huge therapeutic challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an integrated multifunctional diagnostic and treatment reagent IR-251 that can not only be used for tumour imaging but also to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. Besides, our results showed that IR-251 targeted and damaged the mitochondria in cancer cells via organic anion-transporting polypeptides. Mechanistically, IR-251 induced ROS overproduction by inhibiting PPARγ and then inhibiting the β-catenin signalling pathway and downstream protein molecules related to the cell cycle and metastasis. Moreover, the excellent anti-tumour proliferation and metastasis ability of IR-251 were verified in vitro/in vivo. And histochemistry staining revealed that IR-251 inhibited tumour proliferation and metastasis, which showed no significant side effect. In conclusion, this novel, multifunctional, mitochondria-targeting near-infrared fluorophore probe IR-251 has great potential in achieving accurate tumour imaging and inhibiting tumour proliferation and metastasis, and the underlying mechanism of action of IR-251 is mainly via the PPARγ/ROS/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianv Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Qingqing He
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Hongye Liao
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Changzhen Sun
- Drug Research Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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4
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Sivandzade F, Alqahtani F, Dhaibar H, Cruz-Topete D, Cucullo L. Antidiabetic Drugs Can Reduce the Harmful Impact of Chronic Smoking on Post-Traumatic Brain Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6219. [PMID: 37047198 PMCID: PMC10093862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a primary cause of cerebrovascular and neurological disorders worldwide. The current scientific researchers believe that premorbid conditions such as tobacco smoking (TS) can exacerbate post-TBI brain injury and negatively affect recovery. This is related to vascular endothelial dysfunction resulting from the exposure to TS-released reactive oxygen species (ROS), nicotine, and oxidative stress (OS) stimuli impacting the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelium. Interestingly, these pathogenic modulators of BBB impairment are similar to those associated with hyperglycemia. Antidiabetic drugs such as metformin (MF) and rosiglitazone (RSG) were shown to prevent/reduce BBB damage promoted by chronic TS exposure. Thus, using in vivo approaches, we evaluated the effectiveness of post-TBI treatment with MF or RSG to reduce the TS-enhancement of BBB damage and brain injury after TBI. For this purpose, we employed an in vivo weight-drop TBI model using male C57BL/6J mice chronically exposed to TS with and without post-traumatic treatment with MF or RSG. Our results revealed that these antidiabetic drugs counteracted TS-promoted downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression and concomitantly dampened TS-enhanced OS, inflammation, and loss of BBB integrity following TBI. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MF and RSG could reduce the harmful impact of chronic smoking on post-traumatic brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hemangini Dhaibar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Diana Cruz-Topete
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Psilopatis I, Vrettou K, Fleckenstein FN, Theocharis S. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Preeclampsia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040647. [PMID: 36831316 PMCID: PMC9954398 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Often presenting as preexisting or new-onset hypertension complicated by proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction, preeclampsia significantly correlates with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms "peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor", "PPAR", and "preeclampsia" were employed and we were able to identify 35 relevant studies published between 2002 and 2022. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae. Interestingly, PPARγ agonists alone, or in combination with well-established pharmaceutical agents, were determined to represent novel, potent anti-preeclamptic treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Florian Nima Fleckenstein
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (F.N.F.); (S.T.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (F.N.F.); (S.T.)
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Grimaldi B, Kohan-Ghadr HR, Drewlo S. The Potential for Placental Activation of PPARγ to Improve the Angiogenic Profile in Preeclampsia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213514. [PMID: 36359910 PMCID: PMC9659243 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common causes of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality world-wide. While the underlying causes of PE remain elusive, aberrant trophoblast differentiation and function are thought to cause an imbalance of secreted angiogenic proteins resulting in systemic endothelial dysfunction and organ damage in the mother. The placental dysfunction is also characterized by a reduction of the transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which normally promotes trophoblast differentiation and healthy placental function. This study aimed to understand how placental activation of PPARγ effects the secretion of angiogenic proteins and subsequently endothelial function. To study this, healthy and PE placental tissues were cultured with or without the PPARγ agonist, Rosiglitazone, and a Luminex assay was performed to measure secreted proteins from the placenta. To assess the angiogenic effects of placental activation of PPARγ, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with the placental conditioned media and the net angiogenic potential of these cells was measured by a tube formation assay. This is the first study to show PPARγ's beneficial effect on the angiogenic profile in the human preeclamptic placenta through the reduction of anti-angiogenic angiopoietin-2 and soluble endoglin and the upregulation of pro-angiogenic placental growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, and follistatin. The changes in the angiogenic profile were supported by the increased angiogenic potential observed in the HUVECs when cultured with conditioned media from rosiglitazone-treated preeclamptic placentas. The restoration of these disrupted pathways by activation of PPARγ in the preeclamptic placenta offers potential to improve placental and endothelial function in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Grimaldi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Sascha Drewlo
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto M4N 3M5, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5G 1E2, Canada
- Correspondence:
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7
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Neuper L, Kummer D, Forstner D, Guettler J, Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy N, Fischer C, Juch H, Nonn O, Gauster M. Candesartan Does Not Activate PPARγ and Its Target Genes in Early Gestation Trophoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012326. [PMID: 36293183 PMCID: PMC9603971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II receptor 1 blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension in women of childbearing age. While the fetotoxic effects of these drugs in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy are well documented, their possible impacts on placenta development in early gestation are unknown. Candesartan, a member of this group, also acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, a key regulator shown to be important for placental development. We have previously shown that trophoblasts do not express the candesartan target-receptor angiotensin II type 1 receptor AGTR1. This study investigated the possible role of candesartan on trophoblastic PPARγ and its hallmark target genes in early gestation. Candesartan did not affect the PPARγ protein expression or nuclear translocation of PPARγ. To mimic extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) and cytotrophoblast/syncytiotrophoblast (CTB/SCT) responses to candesartan, we used trophoblast cell models BeWo (for CTB/SCT) and SGHPL-4 (EVT) cells as well as placental explants. In vitro, the RT-qPCR analysis showed no effect of candesartan treatment on PPARγ target genes in BeWo or SGHPL-4 cells. Treatment with positive control rosiglitazone, another PPARγ agonist, led to decreased expressions of LEP and PPARG1 in BeWo cells and an increased expression of PPARG1 in SGHPL-4 cells. Our previous data showed early gestation-placental AGTR1 expression in fetal myofibroblasts only. In a CAM assay, AGTR1 was stimulated with angiotensin II and showed increased on-plant vessel outgrowth. These results suggest candesartan does not negatively affect PPARγ or its target genes in human trophoblasts. More likely, candesartan from maternal serum may first act on fetal-placental AGTR1 and influence angiogenesis in the placenta, warranting further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Neuper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Daniel Kummer
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Désirée Forstner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Guettler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nassim Ghaffari-Tabrizi-Wizsy
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Herbert Juch
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Diagnostic and Research Institute for Human Genetics, Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Nonn
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Preeclampsia complicates 5-10% of all pregnancies and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. The placenta plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcome by supplying the fetus with oxygen and nutrients and by synthesizing hormones. Placental function is highly dependent on energy supplied by mitochondria. It is well-known that preeclampsia is originated from placental dysfunction, although the etiology of it remains elusive. RECENT FINDINGS During the last three decades, substantial evidence suggests that mitochondrial abnormality is a major contributor to placental dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial damage caused by circulating bioactive factors released from the placenta may cause endothelial dysfunction and subsequent elevation in maternal blood pressure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mitochondrial abnormality in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and discuss therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria for treatment of preeclampsia.
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Zhou W, Wang H, Yang Y, Guo F, Yu B, Su Z. Trophoblast Cell Subtypes and Dysfunction in the Placenta of Individuals with Preeclampsia Revealed by Single‑Cell RNA Sequencing. Mol Cells 2022; 45:317-328. [PMID: 35289305 PMCID: PMC9095508 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblasts, important functional cells in the placenta, play a critical role in maintaining placental function. The heterogeneity of trophoblasts has been reported, but little is known about the trophoblast subtypes and distinctive functions during preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we aimed to gain insight into the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes by performing unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of placental tissue samples, including those of patients diagnosed with PE and matched healthy controls. A total of 29,006 cells were identified in 11 cell types, including trophoblasts and immune cells, and the functions of the trophoblast subtypes in the PE group and the control group were also analyzed. As an important trophoblast subtype, extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) were further divided into 4 subgroups, and their functions were preliminarily analyzed. We found that some biological processes related to pregnancy, hormone secretion and immunity changed in the PE group. We also identified and analyzed the regulatory network of transcription factors (TFs) identified in the EVTs, among which 3 modules were decreased in the PE group. Then, through in vitro cell experiments, we found that in one of the modules, CEBPB and GTF2B may be involved in EVT dysfunction in PE. In conclusion, our study showed the different transcriptional profiles and regulatory modules in trophoblasts between placentas in the control and PE groups at the single-cell level; these changes may be involved in the pathological process of PE, providing a new molecular theoretical basis for preeclamptic trophoblast dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhou
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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10
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Zhang M, Liu J, Zhang R, Liang Z, Ding S, Yu H, Shan Y. Nobiletin, a hexamethoxyflavonoid from citrus pomace, attenuates G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in hypoxia-induced human trophoblast cells of JEG-3 and BeWo via regulating the p53 signaling pathway. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5649. [PMID: 34650395 PMCID: PMC8494266 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is associated with abnormal cell apoptosis in trophoblast cells, which causes fetal growth restriction and related placental pathologies. Few effective methods for the prevention and treatment of placenta-related diseases exist. Natural products and functional foods have always been a rich source of potential anti-apoptotic drugs. Nobiletin (NOB), a hexamethoxyflavonoid derived from the citrus pomace, shows an anti-apoptotic activity, which is a non-toxic constituent of dietary phytochemicals approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, their effects on hypoxia-induced human trophoblast cells have not been fully studied. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of NOB on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of human trophoblast JEG-3 and BeWo cells, and their underlying mechanisms. Design First, the protective effect of NOB on hypoxia-induced apoptosis of JEG-3 and BeWo cells was studied. Cell viability and membrane integrity were determined by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase activity, respectively. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein levels of HIF1α. Propidium iodide (PI)-labeled flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle distribution. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining, and the expression of apoptosis marker protein cl-PARP was detected by Western blot analysis. Then, the molecular mechanism of NOB against apoptosis was investigated. Computer molecular docking and dynamics were used to simulate the interaction between NOB and p53 protein, and this interaction was verified in vitro by Ultraviolet and visible spectrum (UV-visible spectroscopy), fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Furthermore, the changes in the expression of p53 signaling pathway genes and proteins were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Results Hypoxia treatment resulted in a decreased cell viability and cell membrane integrity in JEG-3 and BeWo cell lines, and an increased expression of HIF1α, cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase, and massive cell apoptosis, which were alleviated after NOB treatment. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations found that NOB spontaneously bonded to human p53 protein, leading to the change of protein conformation. The intermolecular interaction between NOB and human p53 protein was further confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. After the treatment of 100 μM NOB, a down-regulation of mRNA and protein levels of p53 and p21 and an up-regulation of BCL2/BAX mRNA and protein ratio were observed in JEG-3 cells; however, there was also a down-regulation of mRNA and protein levels observed for p53 and p21 in BeWo cells after the treatment of NOB. The BCL2/BAX ratio of BeWo cells did not change after the treatment of 100 μM NOB. Conclusion NOB attenuated hypoxia-induced apoptosis in JEG-3 and BeWo cell lines and might be a potential functional ingredient to prevent pregnancy-related diseases caused by hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These findings would also suggest the exploration and utilization of citrus resources, and the development of citrus industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Zhang
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Medical Humanity, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengenni Liang
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shenghua Ding
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- School of Public Health, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shan
- Longping Branch Graduate School, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Agriculture Product Processing Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Hunan Key Lab of Fruits & Vegetables Storage, Processing, Quality and Safety, Hunan Agricultural Products Processing Institute, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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11
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Huang L, Ma Y, Chen L, Chang J, Zhong M, Wang Z, Sun Y, Chen X, Sun F, Xiao L, Chen J, Lai Y, Yan C, Yue X. Maternal RND3/RhoE deficiency impairs placental mitochondrial function in preeclampsia by modulating the PPARγ-UCP2 cascade. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21555. [PMID: 34046947 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002639rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening disease of pregnant women associated with severe hypertension, proteinuria, or multi-organ injuries. Mitochondrial-mediated placental oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PE. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be revealed. Here, we identify Rnd3, a small Rho GTPase, regulating placental mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). We showed that Rnd3 is down-regulated in primary trophoblasts isolated from PE patients. Loss of Rnd3 in trophoblasts resulted in excessive ROS generation, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial injury, and proton leakage from the respiratory chain. Moreover, Rnd3 overexpression partially rescues the mitochondrial defects and oxidative stress in human PE primary trophoblasts. Rnd3 physically interacts with the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and promotes the PPARγ-mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) cascade. Forced expression of PPARγ rescues deficiency of Rnd3-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. We conclude that Rnd3 acts as a novel protective factor in placental mitochondria through PPARγ-UCP2 signaling and highlight that downregulation of Rnd3 is a potential factor involved in PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuming Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Yue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Li J, Quan X, Lei S, Huang Z, Wang Q, Xu P. PFOS Inhibited Normal Functional Development of Placenta Cells via PPARγ Signaling. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060677. [PMID: 34203907 PMCID: PMC8232579 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a persistent environmental pollutant, has adverse effects on gestation pregnancy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is involved in angiogenesis, metabolic processes, anti-inflammatory, and reproductive development. However, the function of PPARγ in PFOS evoked disadvantageous effects on the placenta remain uncertain. Here, we explored the role of PPARγ in PFOS-induced placental toxicity. Cell viability, cell migration, angiogenesis, and mRNA expression were monitored by CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, tube formation assay, and real-time PCR, respectively. Activation and overexpression of PPARγ were conducted by rosiglitazone or pcDNA-PPARγ, and inhibition and knockdown of PPARγ were performed by GW9662 or si-PPARγ. Results revealed that PFOS decreased cell growth, migration, angiogenesis, and increased inflammation in human HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. Placenta diameter and fetal weight decreased in mice treated with PFOS (12.5 mg/kg). In addition, rosiglitazone or pcDNA-PPARγ rescued cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and decreased inflammation induced by PFOS in HTR8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. Furthermore, GW9662 or si-PPARγ exacerbated the inhibition of cell viability, migration, angiogenesis, and aggravated inflammation induced by PFOS in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells. Meanwhile, the results of mRNA expression level were consistent with the cell representation. In conclusion, our findings revealed that PFOS induced placenta cell toxicity and functional damage through PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (J.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xiaojie Quan
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (J.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Saifei Lei
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Zhenyao Huang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (J.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (J.L.); (X.Q.); (Z.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-708-4694
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13
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030405. [PMID: 33800426 PMCID: PMC7999178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism's homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.
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Integrated analysis of multiple microarray studies to identify novel gene signatures in preeclampsia. Placenta 2021; 105:104-118. [PMID: 33571845 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in pregnancy worldwide. However, the intrinsic molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PE have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS Robust rank aggregation (RRA), weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) methods were used to identify robust differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes in preeclampsia and subgroups based on 10 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Subsequently, enrichment analysis and correlation analysis were performed to explore the potential function of the robust DEGs and hub genes. The diagnostic role of hub genes was further investigated by GSE12767. The miRNA regulators and the effect of hypoxia on hub genes were explored by using GSE84260 and GSE65271, respectively. RESULTS Robust DEGs were identified in each subgroup including preeclampsia. Totally, 24 hub genes enriched in inflammatory response, renin-angiotensin system and JAK-STAT pathway, and 24 related miRNA regulators were identified. DISCUSSION Our integrated analysis identified novel gene signatures in preeclampsia and subgroups and will contribute to the understanding of comprehensive molecular changes in preeclampsia.
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15
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Palomba S, Piltonen TT, Giudice LC. Endometrial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:584-618. [PMID: 33302299 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. An endometrial component has been suggested to contribute to subfertility and poor reproductive outcomes in affected women. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to support that endometrial function is altered in women with PCOS, whether clinical features of PCOS affect the endometrium, and whether there are evidence-based interventions to improve endometrial dysfunction in PCOS women. SEARCH METHODS An extensive literature search was performed from 1970 up to July 2020 using PubMed and Web of Science without language restriction. The search included all titles and abstracts assessing a relationship between PCOS and endometrial function, the role played by clinical and biochemical/hormonal factors related to PCOS and endometrial function, and the potential interventions aimed to improve endometrial function in women with PCOS. All published papers were included if considered relevant. Studies having a specific topic/hypothesis regarding endometrial cancer/hyperplasia in women with PCOS were excluded from the analysis. OUTCOMES Experimental and clinical data suggest that the endometrium differs in women with PCOS when compared to healthy controls. Clinical characteristics related to the syndrome, alone and/or in combination, may contribute to dysregulation of endometrial expression of sex hormone receptors and co-receptors, increase endometrial insulin-resistance with impaired glucose transport and utilization, and result in chronic low-grade inflammation, immune dysfunction, altered uterine vascularity, abnormal endometrial gene expression and cellular abnormalities in women with PCOS. Among several interventions to improve endometrial function in women with PCOS, to date, only lifestyle modification, metformin and bariatric surgery have the highest scientific evidence for clinical benefit. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Endometrial dysfunction and abnormal trophoblast invasion and placentation in PCOS women can predispose to miscarriage and pregnancy complications. Thus, patients and their health care providers should advise about these risks. Although currently no intervention can be universally recommended to reverse endometrial dysfunction in PCOS women, lifestyle modifications and metformin may improve underlying endometrial dysfunction and pregnancy outcomes in obese and/or insulin resistant patients. Bariatric surgery has shown its efficacy in severely obese PCOS patients, but a careful evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio is warranted. Large scale randomized controlled clinical trials should address these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Palomba
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Terhi T Piltonen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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16
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Comparative Study of PPAR γ Targets in Human Extravillous and Villous Cytotrophoblasts. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:9210748. [PMID: 32308672 PMCID: PMC7152979 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9210748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblasts, as the cells that make up the main part of the placenta, undergo cell differentiation processes such as invasion, migration, and fusion. Abnormalities in these processes can lead to a series of gestational diseases whose underlying mechanisms are still unclear. One protein that has proven to be essential in placentation is the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), which is expressed in the nuclei of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVCTs) in the first trimester and villous cytotrophoblasts (VCTs) throughout pregnancy. Here, we aimed to explore the genome-wide effects of PPARγ on EVCTs and VCTs via treatment with the PPARγ-agonist rosiglitazone. EVCTs and VCTs were purified from human chorionic villi, cultured in vitro, and treated with rosiglitazone. The transcriptomes of both types of cells were then quantified using microarray profiling. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were filtered and submitted for gene ontology (GO) annotation and pathway analysis with ClueGO. The online tool STRING was used to predict PPARγ and DEG protein interactions, while iRegulon was used to predict the binding sites for PPARγ and DEG promoters. GO and pathway terms were compared between EVCTs and VCTs with clusterProfiler. Visualizations were prepared in Cytoscape. From our microarray data, 139 DEGs were detected in rosiglitazone-treated EVCTs (RT-EVCTs) and 197 DEGs in rosiglitazone-treated VCTs (RT-VCTs). Downstream annotation analysis revealed the similarities and differences between RT-EVCTs and RT-VCTs with respect to the biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components, and KEGG pathways affected by the treatment, as well as predicted binding sites for both protein-protein interactions and transcription factor-target gene interactions. These results provide a broad perspective of PPARγ-activated processes in trophoblasts; further analysis of the transcriptomic signatures of RT-EVCTs and RT-VCTs should open new avenues for future research and contribute to the discovery of possible drug-targeted genes or pathways in the human placenta.
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The Effects of 5,6,7,8,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone on Apoptosis of Cultured Human Choriocarcinoma Trophoblast Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040946. [PMID: 32093273 PMCID: PMC7070474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
5,6,7,8,3,4′-Hexamethoxyflavone, also called nobiletin (NOB), widely found in the citrus peel, is one of the main byproducts in citrus processing. NOB is considered safe, but its safety for women during pregnancy is unknown. Therefore, the effect of NOB on apoptosis in human choriocarcinoma trophoblast cells (BeWo cells) was evaluated. Cells were divided into four groups and cultured with different concentrations of NOB (0, 10, 33, and 100 μM) for 12, 24, 36, and 48 h respectively. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, cell morphology was detected by a Cell Imaging Multi-Mode Reader, and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Cleaved PARP level, the expressions of B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family proteins, and p53 pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that after 48 h of cell culture, the cell viability was decreased significantly, but apoptosis was significantly increased. Compared to the cells without NOB treatment, the cells treated with NOB at 10 or 33 μΜ showed no significant differences in the number of suspended cells or late apoptosis rate, except the increase of cell viability. Treatment of NOB at the concentration of 100 μM improved cell viability, attenuated apoptosis, decreased suspended cells, and did not alter the G1 phase arrest, compared with the non-NOB-treated group after 48 h of culturing. The 100 μΜ NOB treatment increased the levels of BCL2 and BCLXL, and decreased p53 accumulation in BeWo cells at 48 h, but had no effect on the expression of BAX, BAK, BAD, p21, and G1 phase arrest. These findings provide evidence that NOB (10, 33, and 100 μΜ) was safe for BeWo cells. NOB at the concentration of 100 μΜ could attenuate apoptosis in BeWo cells, which might be helpful to prevent pregnancy-related diseases caused by apoptosis.
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18
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Berkowitz BA, Romero R, Podolsky RH, Lins-Childers KM, Shen Y, Rosales T, Wadghiri YZ, Hoang DM, Arenas-Hernandez M, Garcia-Flores V, Schwenkel G, Panaitescu B, Gomez-Lopez N. QUEST MRI assessment of fetal brain oxidative stress in utero. Neuroimage 2019; 200:601-606. [PMID: 31158477 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To achieve sufficient precision of R1 (=1/T1) maps of the fetal brain in utero to perform QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI in which a significant anti-oxidant-induced reduction in R1 indicates oxidative stress. METHODS C57BL/6 mouse fetuses in utero were gently and non-surgically isolated and secured using a homemade 3D printed clip. Using a commercial receive-only surface coil, brain maps of R1, an index sensitive to excessive and continuous free radical production, were collected using either a conventional Cartesian or a non-Cartesian (periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction) progressive saturation sequence. Data were normalized to the shortest TR time to remove bias. To assess oxidative stress, brain R1 maps were acquired on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of preterm birth ± rosiglitazone (ROSI, which has anti-oxidant properties); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) controls ± ROSI were similarly studied. RESULTS Sufficient quality R1 maps were generated by a combination of the 3D printed clip, surface coil detection, non-Cartesian sequence, and normalization scheme ensuring minimal fetal movement, good detection sensitivity, reduced motion artifacts, and minimal baseline variations, respectively. In the LPS group, the combined caudate-putamen and thalamus region R1 was reduced (p < 0.05) with ROSI treatment consistent with brain oxidative stress; no evidence for oxidative stress was found in the pons region. In the PBS control group, brain R1's did not change with ROSI treatment. CONCLUSION The sensitivity and reproducibility of the combined approaches described herein enabled first-time demonstration of regional oxidative stress measurements of the fetal brain in utero using QUEST MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Berkowitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Robert H Podolsky
- Beaumont Research Institute, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, 48073, USA
| | | | - Yimin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Tilman Rosales
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Youssef Zaim Wadghiri
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - D Minh Hoang
- Department of Radiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, NYU School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Marcia Arenas-Hernandez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Valeria Garcia-Flores
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - George Schwenkel
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Bogdan Panaitescu
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, 20847, and Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, 48201, USA.
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