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Pate JL, Hughes CHK. Review: Luteal prostaglandins: mechanisms regulating luteal survival and demise in ruminants. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 1:100739. [PMID: 37567666 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) is critical for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in all mammals. However, the fate of the CL in ruminants is dependent on the presence of a functional uterus or signals from a developing embryo to modify uterine function to ensure its own survival. The key molecule secreted by the uterus that must be modified is prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2A). At the same time, there is evidence that mechanisms within the CL may influence the ability of PGF2A to cause luteolysis. This review focuses on prostaglandins and steroidogenic capacity as endogenous modulators of the sensitivity of the CL to exogenous PGF2A. Early luteal development and early pregnancy are two different luteal stages in which sensitivity of the CL to PGF2A renders it incapable, or less capable, respectively, of undergoing luteolysis in response to PGF2A compared to a midcycle CL. An analysis of molecular changes that occur during these two stages provides some novel insight into molecules and pathways worth exploring to explain the regulation of luteolytic capacity in corpora lutea of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Pate
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, AVBS Building, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - C H K Hughes
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 7C6, Canada
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2
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Transcriptome profiling of blood from common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the northern Gulf of Mexico to enhance health assessment capabilities. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272345. [PMID: 36001538 PMCID: PMC9401185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster and subsequent unusual mortality event, adverse health impacts have been reported in bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay, LA including impaired stress response and reproductive, pulmonary, cardiac, and immune function. These conditions were primarily diagnosed through hands-on veterinary examinations and analysis of standard diagnostic panels. In human and veterinary medicine, gene expression profiling has been used to identify molecular mechanisms underlying toxic responses and disease states. Identification of molecular markers of exposure or disease may enable earlier detection of health effects or allow for health evaluation when the use of specialized methodologies is not feasible. To date this powerful tool has not been applied to augment the veterinary data collected concurrently during dolphin health assessments. This study examined transcriptomic profiles of blood from 76 dolphins sampled in health assessments during 2013–2018 in the waters near Barataria Bay, LA and Sarasota Bay, FL. Gene expression was analyzed in conjunction with the substantial suite of health data collected using principal component analysis, differential expression testing, over-representation analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Broadly, transcript profiles of Barataria Bay dolphins indicated a shift in immune response, cytoskeletal alterations, and mitochondrial dysfunction, most pronounced in dolphins likely exposed to Deepwater Horizon oiling. While gene expression profiles in Barataria Bay dolphins were altered compared to Sarasota Bay for all years, profiles from 2013 exhibited the greatest alteration in gene expression. Differentially expressed transcripts included genes involved in immunity, inflammation, reproductive failure, and lung or cardiac dysfunction, all of which have been documented in dolphins from Barataria Bay following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The genes and pathways identified in this study may, with additional research and validation, prove useful as molecular markers of exposure or disease to assist wildlife veterinarians in evaluating the health of dolphins and other cetaceans.
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Bishop CV, Selvaraj V, Townson DH, Pate JL, Wiltbank MC. History, insights, and future perspectives on studies into luteal function in cattle. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac143. [PMID: 35772753 PMCID: PMC9246667 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) forms following ovulation from the remnant of the Graafian follicle. This transient tissue produces critical hormones to maintain pregnancy, including the steroid progesterone. In cattle and other ruminants, the presence of an embryo determines if the lifespan of the CL will be prolonged to ensure successful implantation and gestation, or if the tissue will undergo destruction in the process known as luteolysis. Infertility and subfertility in dairy and beef cattle results in substantial economic loss to producers each year. In addition, this has the potential to exacerbate climate change because more animals are needed to produce high-quality protein to feed the growing world population. Successful pregnancies require coordinated regulation of uterine and ovarian function by the developing embryo. These processes are often collectively termed "maternal recognition of pregnancy." Research into the formation, function, and destruction of the bovine CL by the Northeast Multistate Project, one of the oldest continuously funded Hatch projects by the USDA, has produced a large body of evidence increasing our knowledge of the contribution of ovarian processes to fertility in ruminants. This review presents some of the seminal research into the regulation of the ruminant CL, as well as identifying mechanisms that remain to be completely validated in the bovine CL. This review also contains a broad discussion of the roles of prostaglandins, immune cells, as well as mechanisms contributing to steroidogenesis in the ruminant CL. A triadic model of luteolysis is discussed wherein the interactions among immune cells, endothelial cells, and luteal cells dictate the ability of the ruminant CL to respond to a luteolytic stimulus, along with other novel hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily V Bishop
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David H Townson
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Joy L Pate
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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4
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Hughes CHK, Mezera MA, Wiltbank MC, Pate JL. Insights from two independent transcriptomic studies of the bovine corpus luteum during pregnancy. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6620793. [PMID: 35772758 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have used transcriptomics to investigate luteal changes during the maternal recognition of the pregnancy period in ruminants. Although these studies have contributed to our understanding of luteal function during early pregnancy, few attempts have been made to integrate information across these studies and distinguish key luteal transcripts or functions that are repeatably identified across multiple studies. Therefore, in this study, two independent studies of the luteal transcriptome during early pregnancy were combined and compared. In the first study, corpora lutea (CL) from day 20 of pregnancy were compared with CL collected on day 14 of pregnancy, prior to embryonic signaling. The cattle were nonlactating. In the second study, CL from day 20 of pregnancy were compared with CL collected from day 20 cyclic cattle that had been confirmed as not yet undergoing luteal regression. These were lactating cattle. Three methods were used to compare these two datasets, to identify key luteal regulators. In the first method, all transcripts with Benjamini-Hochberg-adjusted P-value (Q value) < 0.05 in both datasets were considered. This yielded 22 transcripts, including several classical interferon-stimulated genes, as well as regulators of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB) and latent TGFB-binding proteins (LTBP)1 and 2. In the second, less conservative method, all transcripts with P < 0.01 and changed in the same direction in both datasets were considered. This yielded an additional 20 transcripts that were not identified in the first analysis, for a total of 42 common transcripts. These transcripts were regulators of functions such as inflammatory balance and matrix remodeling. In the third method, transcripts with Q < 0.10 were subject to pathway analysis, and common pathways were identified. Retinoic acid signaling and classical interferon signaling pathways were identified with this method. Finally, regulation by interferon tau (IFNT) was investigated. Among the 42 transcripts identified, 32 were regulated by IFNT in cultured luteal cells (Q < 0.05). Among those not regulated by IFNT were LTBP1 and 2, which are TGFB-binding proteins. In summary, common transcripts from two studies of the luteal transcriptome during early pregnancy were combined and shared changes were identified. This not only generated a list of potential key luteal regulators, which were mostly IFNT regulated, but also included transcripts not regulated by IFNT, including LTBP1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla H K Hughes
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Megan A Mezera
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program and Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program and Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Joy L Pate
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Science, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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Atli MO, Mehta V, Vezina CM, Wiltbank MC. Expression patterns of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, prostaglandin F2A receptor and immediate early genes at mRNA level in the bovine corpus luteum after intrauterine treatment with a low dose of prostaglandin F2A. Theriogenology 2022; 189:70-76. [PMID: 35732098 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated expression patterns of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 gene/Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene (CCL2/MCP-1), prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor gene (PTGFR) and immediate early genes including nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1), early growth response 1 (EGR1) and FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS) in cells of the bovine corpus luteum after intrauterine infusion of a low dose of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2A) aimed at enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of luteolysis. Holstein dairy cows were superovulated (>6 corpora lutea [CL]) and on day 9 of the estrous cycle were infused with a low dose of PGF2A (0.5 mg PGF2A in 0.25 ml phosphate buffered saline) into the greater curvature of the uterine horn ipsilateral to the CL. Ultrasound-guided biopsy samples of different CL were collected at 0 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h and 6h after PGF2A infusion. Expression profiles and localization of mRNA for PTGFR, CCL2/MCP-1, and immediate early genes (NR4A1, EGR1 and FOS), were investigated by using qPCR and in situ hybridization. The concentrations of early response genes including FOS, NR4A1, and EGR1 exhibited the greatest increase at 30 min after PGF2A, compared to other time points. Expression profile of CCL2 mRNA increased gradually after intrauterine infusion of PGF2A with maximal up-regulation for CCL2 at 6h. Abundance of PTGFR mRNA only increased at 15 min and significantly decreased at 6h, compared to 0 min. Cellular localizations of all studied genes except CCL2 (primarily localized to apparent immune cells) were predominantly visualized in large luteal cells. Interestingly, early response genes demonstrated a changing profile in cellular localization with initial responses appearing to be in both large luteal cells and endothelial cells, although no staining for PTGFR mRNA was observed in endothelial cells. Later, sustained responses, were only observed in large luteal cells, although PTGFR mRNA was decreasing in large luteal cells over time after PGF2A. The involvement of the immune system was also highlighted by the immediate increases in CCL2 mRNA that became much greater over time as there was an apparent influx of CCL2-positive immune cells. Thus, the temporal and cell-specific localization patterns for the studied mRNA demonstrate the complex pathways that are responsible for initiation of luteolysis in the bovine CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet O Atli
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program and Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey.
| | - Vatsal Mehta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program and Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Meidan R, Basavaraja R. Interferon-Tau regulates a plethora of functions in the corpus luteum. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106671. [PMID: 34509740 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The corpus luteum (CL) plays a vital role in regulating the reproductive cycle, fertility, and in maintaining pregnancy. Interferon-tau (IFNT) is the maternal recognition of a pregnancy signal in domestic ruminants; its uterine, paracrine actions, which extend the CL lifespan, are widely established. However, considerable evidence also suggests a direct, endocrine role for IFNT. The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of IFNT in CL maintenance, acting directly and in a cell-specific manner. A transcriptomic study revealed a distinct molecular profile of IFNT-exposed day 18, pregnant bovine CL, compared to the non-pregnant gland. A substantial fraction of the differentially expressed genes was downregulated, many of which are known to be elevated by prostaglandin F2A (PGF2A). In vitro, IFNT was found to mimic changes observed in the luteal transcriptome of early pregnancy. Key luteolytic genes such as endothelin-1 (EDN1), transforming growth factor-B1 (TGFB1), thrombospondins (THBSs) 1&2 and serpine-1 (SERPINE1) were downregulated in luteal endothelial cells. Luteal steroidogenic large cells (LGCs) were also found to be a target for the antilutelotytic actions of IFNT. IFNT-treated LGCs showed a significant reduction in the expression of the proapoptotic, antiangiogenic THBS1&2, as well as TGFBR1 and 2. Furthermore, IFNT was shown to be a potent survival factor for luteal cells in vivo and in vitro, activating diverse pathways to promote cell survival while suppressing cell death signals. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), robustly upregulated by IFNT in various luteal cell types, mediated many of the prosurvival effects of IFNT in LGCs. A novel reciprocal inhibitory crosstalk between PTX3 and THBS1 lends further support to their respective survival and apoptotic actions in the CL. Even though IFNT did not directly regulate progesterone synthesis, it could maintain its concentrations, by increasing luteal cell survival and by supporting vascular stabilization. The direct effects of IFNT in the CL, enhancing cell survival and vasculature stabilization while curbing luteolytic activities, may constitute an important complementary branch leading to the extension of the luteal lifespan during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Meidan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel.
| | - Raghavendra Basavaraja
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001 Israel
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Changes in Porcine Corpus Luteum Proteome Associated with Development, Maintenance, Regression, and Rescue during Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111740. [PMID: 34769171 PMCID: PMC8583735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corpus luteum (CL), a transitory gland, undergoes rapid growth in a limited time to produce progesterone (P4) followed by its regression. A complex molecular signaling is involved in controlling luteal P4 production. In the present study, 2D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics and in silico functional analysis were used to identify changes in key proteins and pathways in CL along the different stages of the estrous cycle as its development progresses from early (Day 3) to mid-luteal phase (Day 9), effective functioning (Day 12) followed by regression (Day 15) or, in the case of pregnancy, rescue of function (Day 15). A total of 273 proteins were identified by MALDI-MS/MS analysis that showed significant changes in abundances at different stages of CL development or regression and rescue. Functional annotation of differentially abundant proteins suggested enrichment of several important pathways and functions during CL development and function maintenance including cell survival, endocytosis, oxidative stress response, estradiol metabolism, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, differentially abundant proteins during CL regression were associated with decreased steroid synthesis and metabolism and increased apoptosis, necrosis, and infiltration of immune cells. Establishment of pregnancy rescues CL from regression by maintaining the expression of proteins that support steroidogenesis as pathways such as the super-pathway of cholesterol biosynthesis, RhoA signaling, and functions such as fatty acid metabolism and sterol transport were enriched in CL of pregnancy. In this study, some novel proteins were identified along CL development that advances our understanding of CL survival and steroidogenesis.
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Hughes CHK, Inskeep EK, Pate JL. Temporal changes in the corpus luteum during early pregnancy reveal regulation of pathways that enhance steroidogenesis and suppress luteolytic mechanisms†. Biol Reprod 2021; 103:70-84. [PMID: 32285125 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rescue of the corpus luteum (CL) is required for pregnancy, luteal function during maternal recognition of pregnancy remains largely unexplored. CL were collected from pregnant cattle on days 14, 17, 20, and 23, to encompass the maternal recognition of pregnancy period. Next-generation sequencing was used to profile mRNA abundance during this time, while tandem mass spectrometry and nanostring technology were used to profile proteins and miRNA, respectively. A total of 1157 mRNA were differentially abundant, while 27 miRNA changed, and 29 proteins tended to change. mRNA that increased were regulators of interferon signaling and DNA repair, while those that decreased were associated with luteolytic processes, such as calcium signaling and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) signaling, indicating inhibition of these processes. One of these, MMP12, was regulated by prostaglandin F2A in vitro. mRNA that were maximally abundant on day 20 were primarily associated with immune processes. Two of these, C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 and NFKB inhibitor alpha, were regulated by interferon tau in vitro. MiRNA that increased were predicted to inhibit phosphatidylinositol signaling, while those that decreased may be negative regulators of steroidogenesis. One protein that was greater on day 20 than on day 14 was aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1), which synthesizes retinoic acid. Pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme, or of retinoic acid receptor signaling, led to suppression of progesterone production in vitro. Overall, these data indicate that there are changes in the CL of pregnancy that are important for continued luteal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H K Hughes
- Center for Reproductive Biology & Health, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - E K Inskeep
- Division of Animal & Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J L Pate
- Center for Reproductive Biology & Health, Department of Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Mezera MA, Li W, Liu L, Meidan R, Peñagaricano F, Wiltbank MC. Effect of natural pre-luteolytic prostaglandin F2α pulses on the bovine luteal transcriptome during spontaneous luteal regression. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1016-1029. [PMID: 34170313 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulsatile pattern of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) secretion during spontaneous luteolysis is well-documented, with multiple pulses of exogenous PGF necessary to induce regression using physiologic concentrations of PGF. However, during spontaneous regression, the earliest pulses of PGF are small and not associated with detectable changes in circulating progesterone (P4), bringing into question what, if any, role these early, subluteolytic PGF pulses have during physiologic regression. To investigate the effect of small PGF pulses, luteal biopsies were collected throughout natural luteolysis in conjunction with bihourly blood samples to determine circulating P4 and PGF metabolite to retrospectively assign biopsies to early and later regression. Whole transcriptome analysis was conducted on CL biopsies. Early PGF pulses altered the luteal transcriptome, inducing differential expression of 210 genes (Q < 0.05) during early regression, compared to 4615 differentially expressed genes during later regression. In early regression, few of these differentially expressed genes were directly associated with luteolysis, rather there were changes in local steroid and glutathione metabolism. Most (94%) differentially expressed genes from early regression were also differentially expressed during later regression, with 98% of these continuing to be altered in the same direction compared to CL at a similar stage of the cycle that had not yet been exposed to PGF. Thus, early, subluteolytic PGF pulses impact the luteal transcriptome, though not by altering steroidogenesis or causing direct inhibition of cellular function. Rather, small pulses alter pathways resulting in removal of cellular support systems, which may sensitize the CL to later pulses of PGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Mezera
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences and 2Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wenli Li
- USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lihe Liu
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences and 2Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Rina Meidan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | - Francisco Peñagaricano
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences and 2Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences and 2Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Basavaraja R, Drum JN, Sapuleni J, Bibi L, Friedlander G, Kumar S, Sartori R, Meidan R. Downregulated luteolytic pathways in the transcriptome of early pregnancy bovine corpus luteum are mimicked by interferon-tau in vitro. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:452. [PMID: 34134617 PMCID: PMC8207607 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maintenance of the corpus luteum (CL) beyond the time of luteolysis is essential for establishing pregnancy. Identifying the distinct features of early pregnancy CL remains unresolved, hence we analyzed here the transcriptome of CL on day 18 pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) cows using RNA-Seq. CL of P cows expressed ISGs, verifying exposure to the pregnancy recognition signal, interferon-tau (IFNT), whereas the CL of NP cows had elevated luteal progesterone levels, implying that luteolysis had not yet commenced. Results The DEGs, IPA, and metascape canonical pathways, along with GSEA analysis, differed markedly in the CL of P cows from those of NP cows, at the same day of the cycle. Both metascape and IPA identified similar significantly enriched pathways such as interferon alpha/beta, sonic hedgehog pathway, TNFA, EDN1, TGFB1, and PDGF. However, type-1 interferon and sonic hedgehog pathways were positively enriched whereas most of the enriched pathways were downregulated in the P compared to NP samples. Thirty-four % of these pathways are known to be elevated by PGF2A during luteolysis. Notably, selective DEGs in luteinized granulosa cells were modulated by IFNT in vitro in a similar manner to their regulation in the CL of P cows. Conclusion This study unraveled the unique transcriptomic signature of the IFNT-exposed, early pregnancy CL, highlighting the abundance of downregulated pathways known to be otherwise induced during luteolysis. These and IFNT-regulated in vitro pregnancy-specific DEGs suggest that IFNT contributes to the characteristics and maintenance of early pregnancy CL. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07747-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Basavaraja
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jessica N Drum
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jackson Sapuleni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lonice Bibi
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gilgi Friedlander
- The Mantoux Bioinformatics institute of the Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sai Kumar
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Roberto Sartori
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rina Meidan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
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11
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Mezera MA, Li W, Wiltbank MC. Pregnancy-induced changes in the transcriptome of the bovine corpus luteum during and after embryonic interferon-tau secretion†. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:148-163. [PMID: 33690863 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding luteal maintenance during early pregnancy is of substantial biological and practical importance. Characterizing effects of early pregnancy, however, has historically been confounded by use of controls with potential exposure to early Prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF) pulses or differences in Corpus Luteum (CL) age. To avoid this, the present study utilized bihourly blood sampling to ensure control CL (n = 6) were of a similar age to CL from pregnant animals (n = 5), yet without exposure to PGF pulses. Additionally, CL from second month of pregnancy (n = 4) were analyzed to track fate of altered genes after cessation of embryonic interferon tau (IFNT) secretion. The major alteration in gene expression in first month of pregnancy occurred in interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), with immune/interferon signaling pathways enriched in three independent over-representation analyses. Most ISGs decreased during second month of pregnancy, though, surprisingly, some ISGs remained elevated in the second month even after cessation of IFNT secretion. Investigation of luteolytic genes found few altered transcripts, in contrast to previous reports, likely due to removal of controls exposed to PGF pulses. An exception to this trend was decreased expression of transcription factor NR4A1. Beyond luteolytic genes and ISGs, over representation analyses highlighted the prevalence of altered genes within the extracellular matrix and regulation of Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) availability, confirming results of other studies independent of luteolytic genes. These results support the idea that CL maintenance in early pregnancy is related to lack of PGF exposure, although potential roles for CL expression of diverse ISGs and other pathways activated during early pregnancy remain undefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Mezera
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wenli Li
- USDA Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Milo C Wiltbank
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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12
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Nowak RA. An Interview with Dr Joy Pate. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1145-1147. [PMID: 32939548 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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Roadmap to pregnancy during the period of maternal recognition in the cow: Changes within the corpus luteum associated with luteal rescue. Theriogenology 2020; 150:294-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Przygrodzka E, Sokołowska G, Myszczynski K, Krawczynski K, Kaczmarek MM. Clustered microRNAs: The molecular mechanism supporting the maintenance of luteal function during early pregnancy. FASEB J 2020; 34:6582-6597. [PMID: 32202349 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903007rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as the important regulators of ovarian function. However, little is known about the hormonal regulation of miRNA expression and the role of the specific miRNA-mRNA interactions in corpus luteum. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine: (a) the expression of miRNAs in the corpus luteum in early pregnancy vs regression; (b) the effect of conceptus and uterine signals in the expression of selected miRNAs; and (c) the role of specific miRNA-mRNA interactions in the molecular changes and secretory function of the corpus luteum in the pig. The results showed that the majority of miRNAs differentially expressed in the corpus luteum in early pregnancy vs regression belong to independent clusters (eg, miR-99b, miR-532), which are highly conserved among different animal species. The main conceptus signal in the pig (17β-estradiol) elevated the luteal expression of the miR-99b cluster and lowered the expression of NR4A1 and AKR1C1, the genes involved in corpus luteum regression. Furthermore, the delivery of miR-99b cluster mimics to luteal tissue concomitantly decreased NR4A1 and AKR1C1 expression and enhanced progesterone secretion. The present study demonstrated that conceptus signals can support the maintenance of luteal function during pregnancy by clustered miRNA-stimulated pathways, governing the expression of genes involved in luteal regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Przygrodzka
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Gabriela Sokołowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Myszczynski
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Kamil Krawczynski
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Monika M Kaczmarek
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.,Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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Factors affecting the fate of the canine corpus luteum: Potential contributors to pregnancy and non-pregnancy. Theriogenology 2020; 150:339-346. [PMID: 32089321 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The fate of the canine corpus luteum (CL) differs from that of other domestic species: beyond the extended luteal regression observed in both pregnant and non-pregnant cycles, active luteolysis is observed only in pregnant dogs. Luteal regression in the absence of pregnancy lacks a luteolytic trigger. The CL lifespan during pregnancy is around 60 days, as long as that of the cyclic CL. Although they are already available in the first half of diestrus, LH and especially prolactin (PRL) play a decisive luteotropic role from approximately day 25 post-ovulation onwards. Nevertheless, many locally-produced factors are orchestrated to ensure a fully functional CL, which in the bitch produces progesterone (P4), 17b-estradiol, and other local regulators. Recently, insulin has been described as another luteotropic factor in this species, able to increase glucose uptake in luteal cells and contribute to steroid biosynthesis. The locally-produced PGE2 is also a potent luteotropic factor in the first half of diestrus, promoting STAR expression, as are also proliferating, vasoactive- and immunomodulatory factors. These, in turn, all contribute to the formation and maintenance of the canine CL. Meanwhile PGF2a, produced by the utero-placental compartment, participates actively in triggering pre-partum luteolysis. Cytokines play different roles, either contributing as luteotropic or as acute inflammation molecules. So far, the one clinically most efficient mechanism of interrupting a pregnancy in the dog is to block P4 receptors, using an antigestagen (e.g., aglepristone) in the second half of diestrus. To enhance the chances of pregnancy, however, several luteotropic factors could be used.
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Hughes CHK, Bosviel R, Newman JW, Pate JL. Luteal Lipids Regulate Progesterone Production and May Modulate Immune Cell Function During the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:662. [PMID: 31636603 PMCID: PMC6788218 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the corpus luteum (CL) contains high concentrations of lipid in the form of steroid hormone precursors and prostaglandins, little is known about the abundance or function of other luteal lipid mediators. To address this, 79 lipid mediators were measured in bovine CL, using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. CL from estrous cycle days 4, 11, and 18 were compared and, separately, CL from days 18 of the estrous cycle and pregnancy were compared. Twenty-three lipids increased as the estrous cycle progressed (P < 0.05), with nine increasing between days 4 and 11 and fourteen increasing between days 4 and 18. Overall, this indicated a general upregulation of lipid mediator synthesis as the estrous cycle progressed, including increases in oxylipins and endocannabinoids. Only 15-KETE was less abundant in the CL of early pregnancy (P < 0.05), with a tendency (P < 0.10) for four others to be less abundant. Notably, 15-KETE also increased between estrous cycle days 4 and 18. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA, Qiagen) indicated that functions associated with differentially abundant lipids during the estrous cycle included leukocyte activation, cell migration, and cell proliferation. To investigate changes in CL during maternal recognition of pregnancy, this lipid dataset was integrated with a published dataset from mRNA profiling during maternal recognition of pregnancy. This analysis indicated that lipids and mRNA that changed during maternal recognition of pregnancy may regulate some of the same functions, including immune cell chemotaxis and cell-cell communication. To assess effects of these lipid mediators, luteal cells were cultured with 5-KETE or 15-KETE. One ng/mL 5-KETE reduced luteal progesterone on day 1 of culture, only in the absence of luteinizing hormone (LH), while 1 ng/mL 15-KETE induced progesterone only in the presence of LH (10 ng/mL). On day 7 of culture, 0.1 ng/mL 15-KETE reduced prostaglandin (PG)F2A-induced inhibition of LH-stimulated progesterone production, while 1 ng/mL 15-KETE did not have this effect. Overall, these data suggest a role for lipid mediators during luteal development and early pregnancy, as regulators of steroidogenesis, immune cell activation and function, intracellular signaling, and cell survival and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla H. K. Hughes
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Remy Bosviel
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John W. Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-ARS-Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joy L. Pate
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Department of Animal Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
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