Optimizing the design of spatial genomic studies

Spatial genomic technologies characterize the relationship between the structural organization of cells and their cellular state. Despite the availability of various spatial transcriptomic and proteomic profiling platforms, these experiments remain costly and labor-intensive. Traditionally, tissue slicing for spatial sequencing involves parallel axis-aligned sections, often yielding redundant or correlated information. We propose structured batch experimental design, a method that improves the cost efficiency of spatial genomics experiments by profiling tissue slices that are maximally informative, while recognizing the destructive nature of the process. Applied to two spatial genomics studies-one to construct a spatially-resolved genomic atlas of a tissue and another to localize a region of interest in a tissue, such as a tumor-our approach collects more informative samples using fewer slices compared to traditional slicing strategies. This methodology offers a foundation for developing robust and cost-efficient design strategies, allowing spatial genomics studies to be deployed by smaller, resource-constrained labs.

Optimizing the design of spatial genomic studies

Spatially-resolved genomic technologies have shown promise for studying the relationship between the structural arrangement of cells and their functional behavior. While numerous sequencing and imaging platforms exist for performing spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics profiling, these experiments remain expensive and labor-intensive. Thus, when performing spatial genomics experiments using multiple tissue slices, there is a need to select the tissue cross sections that will be maximally informative for the purposes of the experiment. In this work, we formalize the problem of experimental design for spatial genomics experiments, which we generalize into a problem class that we call structured batch experimental design. We propose approaches for optimizing these designs in two types of spatial genomics studies: one in which the goal is to construct a spatially-resolved genomic atlas of a tissue and another in which the goal is to localize a region of interest in a tissue, such as a tumor. We demonstrate the utility of these optimal designs, where each slice is a two-dimensional plane, on several spatial genomics datasets.