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Correia P, Gomes N, Costa C, Dahlem C, Machado F. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastric content and volume after oral ingestion of water or jelly in volunteers: a randomised controlled non-inferiority clinical trial. Anaesthesia 2024. [PMID: 39370898 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Correia
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Nelson Gomes
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Catarina Costa
- Unidade Local de Saúde de Entre o Douro e Vouga, Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Caroline Dahlem
- Centro Académico Clínico Egas Moniz Health Alliance, Aveiro, Portugal
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Kitsiripant C, Rujirapat T, Chatmongkolchart S, Tanasansuttiporn J, Khanungwanitkul K. Comparison of Gastric Residual Volume After Ingestion of A Carbohydrate Drink and Water in Healthy Volunteers with Obesity: A Randomized Crossover Study. Obes Surg 2024; 34:3813-3820. [PMID: 39235689 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preoperative carbohydrate intake is essential to enhance postoperative recovery. However, its safety for individuals with obesity remains unclear. This study investigated the safety of preoperative carbohydrate consumption compared to water intake in obese populations through gastric volume assessment. METHODS A prospective randomized crossover study enrolled 30 healthy volunteers aged 18-65 years with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, following a minimum 6-h fast. The participants received either 400 ml of a carbohydrate drink (group C) or water (group W). Gastric ultrasonography, blood glucose level, hunger, and thirst assessments were conducted at baseline (T) and various time points (T2 to T6). The protocol was repeated with reverse interventions at least 1 week later. RESULTS Group C had significantly higher gastric volume at T3, T4, and T5 compared to group W, with a prolonged time to empty the gastric antrum (94.4 ± 28.5 vs. 61.0 ± 33.5 min, 95% CI 33.41 [17.06,24.69]). However, glucose levels, degrees of hunger, and thirst showed no significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSION Administering 400 ml of preoperative carbohydrates to healthy obese individuals 2 h preoperatively is safe and comparable to water intake. These findings support the integration of carbohydrate loading into perioperative care for obese individuals, consistent with the enhanced recovery after surgery protocols. Further research is warranted to refine preoperative fasting protocols and improve surgical outcomes in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanatthee Kitsiripant
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Thipok Rujirapat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Chatmongkolchart
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jutarat Tanasansuttiporn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Khanin Khanungwanitkul
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
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Su HY, Taylor KM, Friedman AB, Cataletti G, Maconi G. Ultrasound assessment of gastrointestinal luminal contents: a narrative review. J Ultrasound 2024:10.1007/s40477-024-00951-3. [PMID: 39292369 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-024-00951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastro-intestinal ultrasound (GIUS) is a non-invasive and cost-effective tool, widely used as a first-line diagnostic method in patients presenting with abdominal complaints, especially in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. In this setting, gastro-intestinal ultrasound has been especially used to evaluate the bowel wall features (thickening, stratification, vascularization) and complications related to IBD (fistulas, abscesses). Nevertheless, gastro-intestinal ultrasound can be also used to detect and evaluate the content of several segments of the gut. In fact, there is a growing interest in utilizing GIUS for suspected functional disorders, where assessing intestinal content may play a significant diagnostic role, as well as directing therapy. In our review, we provided a sonographic description of GIUS appearances of bowel content in various pathological and physiological conditions, offering potential applications in clinical practice and providing insights for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Y Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kirstin M Taylor
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antony B Friedman
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giovanni Cataletti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" Hospital, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, "L. Sacco" Hospital, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Wang J, Yu X, Wang Y, Xu J, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Ultrasonic assessment of gastric solid contents in patients undergoing upper endoscope with sedation. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:317. [PMID: 39242515 PMCID: PMC11378558 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perioperative reflux aspiration presents a grave concern during sedation or general anesthesia, particularly when solid gastric contents prompt acute upper respiratory obstruction, potentially resulting in fatal consequences for patients. Currently, there are limited means for promptly assessing solid gastric contents in clinical settings. Therefore, this study examined the efficacy of ultrasound assessment for solid gastric contents, offering a rapid and non-invasive approach for early detection and decision-making regarding interventions. METHODS The study included 400 patients scheduled for upper endoscopy procedures, which encompassed both gastroscope and gastroscope combined colonoscopy examinations with sedation. Ultrasound scanning of the antrum was performed while patients were positioned semi-sitting or in the right lateral decubitus (RLD) posture. The evaluation of solid gastric contents relied on direct visual observation during endoscopy. Gastric volume measurement occurred subsequent to endoscopic suction of gastric contents. Receiver operating characteristic curves were utilized to assess the effectiveness of ultrasonography in discerning solid contents. RESULT Seven patients undergoing gastroscope with sedation were found to have solid gastric contents. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the ultrasound qualitative evaluation of solid contents were 85.7%, 99%, 60%, and 99.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION Solid stomach contents can be evaluated qualitatively with reasonable accuracy using ultrasonography. Additionally, in patients undergoing upper endoscopy and assessed to have solid gastric contents with ultrasound, administration of mild sedation is recommended. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2100048994); registered 19/07/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Intersection of Xinglong Avenue and Xinpu Avenue, Zunyi, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuan Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Intersection of Xinglong Avenue and Xinpu Avenue, Zunyi, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of the Second Clinical College, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - JieLei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Intersection of Xinglong Avenue and Xinpu Avenue, Zunyi, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Intersection of Xinglong Avenue and Xinpu Avenue, Zunyi, 563000, Zunyi, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Intersection of Xinglong Avenue and Xinpu Avenue, Zunyi, 563000, Zunyi, China.
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Mecoli MD, Sahu K, McSoley JW, Aronson LA, Narayanasamy S. The use of point of care gastric ultrasound and anesthesia management in pediatric patients with preoperative fasting non-adherence scheduled for elective surgical procedures: a retrospective study. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:237. [PMID: 39009966 PMCID: PMC11247740 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02628-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to adhere to perioperative fasting requirements increases aspiration risk and can lead to delay or cancellation of surgery. Point of care gastric ultrasound may guide decision-making to delay, cancel or proceed with surgery. METHODS This study aimed to describe gastric contents using point of care gastric ultrasound in pediatric patients with known fasting guideline violations presenting for elective surgery. This was a single-center retrospectivechart review of gastric ultrasound scans in patients presenting for elective surgeries with "nothing by mouth" violation (per fasting guidelines) or unclear fasting status. The primary outcome is description of gastric contents using point of care ultrasound. The ultrasound findings were classified as low-risk for aspiration (empty, clear fluid < 1.5 ml/kg), high-risk (solids, clear fluid > 1.5 ml/kg), or inconclusive study. Gastric ultrasound findings were communicated to the attending anesthesiologist. For patients proceeding without delay the estimated time saved was defined as the difference between ultrasound scan time and presumed case start time based on American Society of Anesthesiologists fasting guidelines. RESULTS We identified 106 patients with a median age of 4.8 years. There were 31 patients (29.2%) that had ultrasound finding of high-risk gastric contents. These patients had cases that were delayed, cancelled or proceeded with rapid sequence intubation. Sixty-six patients (62.3%) were determined to be low-risk gastric contents and proceeded with surgery without delay. For these patients, a median of 2.6 h was saved. No aspiration events were recorded for any patients. CONCLUSIONS It is feasible to use preoperative point of care gastric ultrasound to determine stomach contents and risk-stratify pediatric patients presenting for elective surgical procedures with fasting non-adherence. Preoperative gastric ultrasound may have a role in determining changes in anesthetic management in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D Mecoli
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue MLC 2001, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
| | - Kirti Sahu
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph W McSoley
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lori A Aronson
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Suryakumar Narayanasamy
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Narayanasamy S, Weethee JB, Rao DS, Mecoli MD. Point-of-Care Ultrasound for Gastric Volume Measurement in a Pediatric Patient-Look Beyond the Antrum: A Case Report. A A Pract 2024; 18:e01824. [PMID: 39023194 DOI: 10.1213/xaa.0000000000001824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ultrasound estimates stomach contents in perioperative patients. A 10-year-old boy with abdominal rhabdomyosarcoma, who received abdominal radiation, developed gastroparesis and was scheduled for endoscopic gastrointestinal pyloric dilation. Point-of-care gastric ultrasound revealed gastric antral cross-sectional area of 6.5 cm2 (estimated gastric content ~30 mL). However, dynamic right-to-left ultrasound revealed more hypoechoic material in the fundus of the stomach. On induction ~125 mL of stomach contents was suctioned. Antral measurements may not accurately predict the stomach contents in the setting of a stiff/fixed antrum. Scanning from antrum to fundus determined contents more accurately, especially with a prior history of abdominal radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakumar Narayanasamy
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Kothapalli S, Anandaswamy TC, Patil S, Anne N, Muthalgiri CM, Niranjan A. Ultrasound evaluation of gastric residual volume in fasting end-stage renal failure patients. J Clin Anesth 2024; 94:111414. [PMID: 38377764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2024.111414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To evaluate the gastric contents and gastric residual volume in patient with end-stage renal failure by gastric ultrasound. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS Adults of either gender with BMI < 40 kg/m2 with end-stage renal failure scheduled to undergo arteriovenous graft or fistula. INTERVENTIONS & MEASUREMENTS The cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum was measured by gastric ultrasound with patient in both supine and right lateral decubitus positions. The volume of the gastric contents were calculated using suitable validated formula. In addition, the nature of the gastric contents was also determined by gastric ultrasound. MAIN RESULTS The incidence of delayed gastric emptying was found to be 57.7% in the population studied despite following the prescribed preoperative standard fasting guidelines. CONCLUSIONS There is a high incidence of delayed gastric emptying in patients with end-stage renal failure presenting for surgery which may predispose them to risk of pulmonary aspiration perioperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Kothapalli
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Tejesh C Anandaswamy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore 560054, India.
| | - Sahana Patil
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur 584101, India
| | - Namita Anne
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Chaitra M Muthalgiri
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore 560054, India
| | - Akshita Niranjan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore 560054, India
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Li J, Liu B, Zhou QH, Ni HD, Liu MJ, Deng K. Pre-oxygenation with high-flow oxygen through the nasopharyngeal airway compared to facemask on carbon dioxide clearance in emergency adults: a prospective randomized non-blinded clinical trial. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024; 50:1051-1061. [PMID: 38148421 PMCID: PMC11249433 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-023-02418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Before tracheal intubation, it is essential to provide sufficient oxygen reserve for emergency patients with full stomachs. Recent studies have demonstrated that high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) effectively pre-oxygenates and prolongs apneic oxygenation during tracheal intubation. Despite its effectiveness, the use of HFNO remains controversial due to concerns regarding carbon dioxide clearance. The air leakage and unknown upper airway obstruction during HFNO therapy cause reduced oxygen flow above the vocal cords, possibly weaken the carbon dioxide clearance. METHODS Patients requiring emergency surgery who had fasted < 8 h and not drunk < 2 h were randomly assigned to the high-flow group, who received 100% oxygen at 30-60 L/min through nasopharyngeal airway (NPA), or the mask group, who received 100% oxygen at 8 L/min. PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured immediately before pre-oxygenation (T0), anesthesia induction (T1), tracheal intubation (T2), and mechanical ventilation (T3). The gastric antrum's cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured using ultrasound technology at T0, T1, and T3. Details of complications, including hypoxemia, reflux, nasopharyngeal bleeding, postoperative pulmonary infection, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative nasopharyngeal pain, were recorded. The primary outcomes were PaCO2 measured at T1, T2, and T3. The secondary outcomes included PaO2 at T1, T2, and T3, CSA at T1 and T3, and complications happened during this trial. RESULTS Pre-oxygenation was administered by high-flow oxygen through NPA (n = 58) or facemask (n = 57) to 115 patients. The mean (SD) PaCO2 was 32.3 (6.7) mmHg in the high-flow group and 34.6 (5.2) mmHg in the mask group (P = 0.045) at T1, 45.0 (5.5) mmHg and 49.4 (4.6) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T2, and 47.9 (5.1) mmHg and 52.9 (4.6) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T3, respectively. The median ([IQR] [range]) PaO2 in the high-flow and mask groups was 404.5 (329.1-458.1 [159.8-552.9]) mmHg and 358.9 (274.0-413.3 [129.0-539.1]) mmHg (P = 0.007) at T1, 343.0 (251.6-428.7 [73.9-522.1]) mmHg and 258.3 (162.5-347.5 [56.0-481.0]) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T2, and 333.5 (229.9-411.4 [60.5-492.4]) mmHg and 149.8 (87.0-246.6 [51.2-447.5]) mmHg (P < 0.001) at T3, respectively. The CSA in the high-flow and mask groups was 371.9 (287.4-557.9 [129.0-991.2]) mm2 and 386.8 (292.0-537.3 [88.3-1651.7]) mm2 at T1 (P = 0.920) and 452.6 (343.7-618.4 [161.6-988.1]) mm2 and 385.6 (306.3-562.0 [105.5-922.9]) mm2 at T3 (P = 0.173), respectively. The number (proportion) of complications in the high-flow and mask groups is shown below: hypoxemia: 1 (1.7%) vs. 9 (15.8%, P = 0.019); reflux: 0 (0%) vs. 0 (0%); nasopharyngeal bleeding: 1 (1.7%) vs. 0 (0%, P = 1.000); pulmonary infection: 4 (6.9%) vs. 3 (5.3%, P = 1.000); PONV: 4 (6.9%) vs. 4 (7.0%, P = 1.000), and nasopharyngeal pain: 0 (0%) vs. 0 (0%). CONCLUSIONS Compared to facemasks, pre-oxygenation with high-flow oxygen through NPA offers improved carbon dioxide clearance and enhanced oxygenation prior to tracheal intubation in patients undergoing emergency surgery, while the risk of gastric inflation had not been ruled out. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered prospectively at the Chinese Clinical Research Registry on 26/4/2022 (Registration number: ChiCTR2200059192).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qing-He Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua-Dong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Juan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kang Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The First Hospital of Jiaxing or The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Sever F, Özmert S, Dereci S. The relationship between gastric ultrasound findings and endoscopically aspirated volume in infants and determining the antral cutoff value for empty stomach diagnosis. Paediatr Anaesth 2024; 34:532-537. [PMID: 37814933 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content is a serious perioperative complication. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the relationship between the gastric volumes suctioned endoscopically and quantitative (antral cross-section area) and qualitative (empty vs. nonempty) examination of the gastric antrum. Furthermore, the study aimed to determine the best antral cross-section area cutoff value for a truly empty antrum in infants. METHODS This study was performed in a pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Antral sonography was performed in supine and right lateral decubitus positions in 46 fasted infants prior to upper gastrointestinal endoscopic evaluation. Antral cross-sectional area measurements in both positions and qualitative evaluation of the antrum (according to a three-point grading system) were recorded. Gastric contents were endoscopically suctioned and measured. RESULTS Forty-six patients (aged under 24 months) were included. According to the three-point qualitative grading system, 76.1% of patients were classified as grade 0. The best cutoff value for the antral cross-section area in the right lateral decubitus position, indicating an empty antrum, was determined to be 2.40 cm2. At this specific cutoff value, the sensitivity was 100%, the specificity was 68.6%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. CONCLUSIONS Gastric ultrasonography can confirm an empty or nearly empty stomach in healthy infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Sever
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sengül Özmert
- Anesthesiology and Reanimation Department, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selim Dereci
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Department, Ankara City Hospital, Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Perlas A, Arzola C, Portela N, Mitsakakis N, Hayawi L, Van de Putte P. Gastric Volume and Antral Area in the Fasting State: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data. Anesthesiology 2024; 140:991-1001. [PMID: 38241328 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000004914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content is a serious anesthetic complication. Gastric point-of-care ultrasound can determine the type and volume of gastric content when clinical information is equivocal. However, a cutoff value of either antral cross-sectional area or volume that may be considered as the upper limit of normal in fasting subjects is still controversial. The aim of this study is to characterize the distribution of baseline antral area and volume in fasting adult subjects and to identify an upper limit (95th percentile) of these distributions. METHODS The authors conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data of primary studies from an academic research network of investigators collaborating in gastric ultrasound. Studies between January 2009 and December 2020 were included. RESULTS Twelve primary studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis with a sample size of 1,203 subjects. The 95th percentile of area values (measured in the right lateral decubitus) was 9.9 cm2 (95% CI, 9.4 to 10.4), and of volume, 2.3 ml/kg (95% CI, 2.3 to 2.4). In addition, an antrum grade 0 or 1 indicates a 98% probability of an antral area below the 95th percentile. CONCLUSIONS An area of 10 cm2 measured in the right lateral decubitus could be a simple, data-driven upper limit of antral area that could serve as a surrogate of upper limit of normal gastric volume values in fasting adults. These results are limited by the highly selected sampling of the studies included. EDITOR’S PERSPECTIVE
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahi Perlas
- Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cristian Arzola
- Sinai Health System, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalia Portela
- Mount Sinai hospital, Sinai Health System, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mitsakakis
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Lamia Hayawi
- Clinical Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Maseri A, Delhez Q, Dincq AS, Lacrosse D. Bridging the gap: understanding Belgian anesthesiologists' proficiency and training demands in gastric point-of-care ultrasound, a case-based survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:383. [PMID: 38589900 PMCID: PMC11003122 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary aspiration syndrome remains a significant complication of general anesthesia, particularly in unfasted patients. Gastric point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) allows for both qualitative and quantitative assessment of gastric content, providing a safe and reliable method to assess gastric emptying and reduce the risk of aspiration during general anesthesia. METHODS The survey was distributed to Belgian certified anesthesiologists and trainees between April 2020 and June 2021. Participants received a simulated clinical case of a patient at risk of gastric aspiration, created and approved by two certified anesthesiologists trained to perform gastric POCUS. The objectives of this study were to assess recognition of high-risk clinical situations for gastric aspiration, awareness of the gastric POCUS and its indications, and knowledge of the technical and practical conditions of the procedure among respondents trained in the technique. Furthermore, the study assessed the state of training in gastric POCUS, the desire for education, and the practical availability of ultrasound equipment. The survey used conditional branching to ensure unbiased responses to POCUS-related questions. It included multiple-choice questions, quantitative variables, and 5-point Likert scales. The margin of error was calculated using Daniel's formula, corrected for a finite population. RESULTS The survey was conducted among 323 anesthesiologists. Only 20.8% (27) recognized the risk of a full stomach based on the patient's history. Anesthesiologists who recognized the indication for gastric POCUS and were trained in the procedure demonstrated good recall of the practical conditions for performing the procedure and interpreting the results. Only 13.08% (31) of all respondents had received training in gastric POCUS, while 72.57% (172) expressed interest in future training. Furthermore, 80.17% (190) of participants had access to adequate ultrasound equipment and 78.90% (187) supported teaching gastric POCUS to anesthesia trainees. CONCLUSIONS This survey offers insight into the epidemiology, clinical recognition, knowledge, and utilization of gastric POCUS among Belgian anesthesia professionals. The results emphasize the significance of proper equipment and training to ensure the safe and effective implementation of gastric POCUS in anesthesia practice. Additional efforts should focus on improving training and promoting the integration of gastric POCUS into daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Maseri
- Anesthesiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Docteur G. Therasse, 1, 5530, Yvoir, Belgium.
| | - Quentin Delhez
- Anesthesiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Docteur G. Therasse, 1, 5530, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Anne-Sophie Dincq
- Anesthesiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Docteur G. Therasse, 1, 5530, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lacrosse
- Anesthesiology Department Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Docteur G. Therasse, 1, 5530, Yvoir, Belgium
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12
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Willson CM, Patel L, Middleton P, Desai M. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonists and General Anesthesia: Perioperative Considerations and the Utility of Gastric Ultrasound. Cureus 2024; 16:e58042. [PMID: 38738030 PMCID: PMC11088359 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are very popular and useful medications for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Potent gastric emptying delay is common with these medications, serving as a major contributor to the postprandial glycemic control and weight loss benefits of these medications. Recently, multiple case reports and studies indicating safety risks for these medications and their use in patients planning to undergo general anesthesia have been published, as retained gastric contents can lead to intraoperative aspiration. New guidelines for these medications have been released to guide clinical practice for anesthesiologists. Some degree of preoperative cessation of these medications is required. At this time, the ideal window for cessation of these medications to optimize clinical efficacy while reducing aspiration risks has not yet been well elaborated on. Aspiration of gastric contents can still occur despite appropriate preoperative fasting in patients taking GLP-1 agonists. Gastric ultrasound appears to be an effective and objective way of preoperatively assessing a patient's stomach contents to make decisions regarding anesthetic management for patients prescribed these medications. This practice is limited by a general lack of training and implementation in current anesthesiology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner M Willson
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, USA
| | - Love Patel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, USA
| | - Peter Middleton
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Des Moines University, Des Moines, USA
| | - Mihir Desai
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville, Jacksonville, USA
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13
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Ramachandran A, Bhatia P, Mohammed S, Kamal M, Chhabra S, Paliwal B. Gastric Insufflation with High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in Adult Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024; 28:393-398. [PMID: 38585327 PMCID: PMC10998513 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the provision of a small positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) effect, high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy carries a risk of stomach distension. The present study was conducted to find out the air leak in the gastric antrum leading to gastric distension in adult patients with acute respiratory failure receiving HFNO therapy. Materials and methods Adult patients with early hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring HFNO therapy were enrolled in this trial. Before initiation of HFNO therapy, baseline gastric volume (GV) and the average number of peristaltic contractions over one minute were measured using ultrasound. Once the patient was stabilized on HFNO therapy, a 2nd, 3rd, and 4th ultrasound scans were acquired at 10, 20, and 30 minutes respectively. Vitals and blood gas values were recorded at the baseline and after 30 min of initiation of HFNO therapy. Patient comfort, duration of HFNO therapy, and outcome were also recorded. Results The GV at 10, 20, and 30 minutes were significantly larger (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. This increase in GV was associated with a significantly increased number of peristaltic contractions and had a significant positive correlation with the HFNO flow (r = 0.541; p < 0.001). The HFNO therapy was well tolerated by most of the patients and led to a significant improvement in the vitals and blood gas parameters at 30 minutes after initiation of HFNO therapy. Conclusion In adult patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, the use of HFNO therapy produces gas leaks into the stomach leading to increased gastric volume. The gastric distension increases the peristaltic contraction and higher flows result in more distension. How to cite this article Ramachandran A, Bhatia P, Mohammed S, Kamal M, Chhabra S, Paliwal B. Gastric Insufflation with High Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy in Adult Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2024;28(4):393-398.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Ramachandran
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pradeep Bhatia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sadik Mohammed
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manoj Kamal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swati Chhabra
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Bharat Paliwal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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14
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Guan X, Chen D, Xu Y. Clinical practice guidelines for nutritional assessment and monitoring of adult ICU patients in China. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2024; 4:137-159. [PMID: 38681796 PMCID: PMC11043647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The Chinese Society of Critical Care Medicine (CSCCM) has developed clinical practice guidelines for nutrition assessment and monitoring for patients in adult intensive care units (ICUs) in China. This guideline focuses on nutrition evaluation and metabolic monitoring to achieve optimal and personalized nutrition therapy for critically ill patients. This guideline was developed by experts in critical care medicine and evidence-based medicine methodology and was developed after a thorough review of the system and a summary of relevant trials or studies published from 2000 to July 2023. A total of 18 recommendations were formed and consensus was reached through discussions and reviews by expert groups in critical care medicine, parenteral and enteral nutrition, and surgery. The recommendations are based on currently available evidence and cover several key fields, including screening and assessment, evaluation and assessment of enteral feeding intolerance, metabolic and nutritional measurement and monitoring during nutrition therapy, and organ function evaluation related to nutrition supply. Each question was analyzed according to the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) principle. In addition, interpretations were provided for four questions that did not reach a consensus but may have potential clinical and research value. The plan is to update this nutrition assessment and monitoring guideline using the international guideline update method within 3-5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dechang Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, China
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15
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Aydın BS, Güldoğan IK. Determinants of gastric residual volume before elective surgery in diabetic patients: An observational study. Saudi J Anaesth 2024; 18:167-172. [PMID: 38654864 PMCID: PMC11033908 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_339_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated factors affecting the low- and high-risk groups for aspiration by measuring gastric volume with ultrasound in diabetic patients who fasted for elective surgery. Methods The study was conducted as an observational study. Sixty-five patients scheduled for elective surgery, aged 18-86 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores II-III, and who have diabetes were included after local ethics committee approval. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Demographic data of cases were recorded. Patients whose gastric residual volume (GRV) was calculated using the pupils equal, round, reactive to light, and accommodation (PERLA) formula following gastric antrum measurement in the right lateral decubitus and supine position by ultrasound were categorized as low or high risk for aspiration. Results Thirty-one patients were in the low-risk group, and 34 patients were in the high-risk group. Sex, weight, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values, and duration of diabetes were not statistically significant (p > 0.5). Age (p = 0.006) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (p = 0.005) were statistically significant. The risk of aspiration decreases with age. Hyperglycemia is related to delayed gastric emptying and a high risk for aspiration. The duration of fasting, GRV, and cross-sectional area (CSA) were statistically significant (p = 0.017, p = 0.000, and p = 0.000, respectively). Conclusion Gastric emptying might be delayed in diabetic patients resulting in a high risk for aspiration pneumonia. The risk of aspiration increases in young diabetic patients, and preoperative FBG measurements can provide an idea about gastric emptying in diabetic patients. Gastric ultrasound (USG) may contribute to guidelines for determining more appropriate fasting times for other patient populations, such as obese, pregnant, or child patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrak Sebil Aydın
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
| | - Işıl Köse Güldoğan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Turkey
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16
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Kannamani B, Panneerselvam S, Rudingwa P, Badhe AS, Govindaraj K, Ramamoorthy SV. Comparison of ultrasonographic measurement of gastric antral volume and pH with or without pharmacological acid aspiration prophylaxis in low-risk surgical patients - A randomized clinical trial. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2024; 40:299-304. [PMID: 38919423 PMCID: PMC11196045 DOI: 10.4103/joacp.joacp_412_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The role of preoperative pharmacological prophylaxis in preventing aspiration pneumonitis under general anesthesia (GA) in patients at low risk of aspiration pneumonitis is still under debate. We addressed the need for routine pharmacological aspiration prophylaxis in at-risk population by assessing the change in gastric volume using ultrasound with and without pharmacological acid aspiration prophylaxis. Material and Methods A single-center, randomized double-blinded trial, with 200 adult patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures under GA, were randomized into a prophylaxis group, in which the patients received oral famotidine and metoclopramide, and a no prophylaxis group, in which the patients did not receive any prophylaxis. Gastric volume derived from preinduction measurement of gastric antral volume by ultrasound, postinduction gastric pH, and incidences of aspiration pneumonitis were compared. Bland-Altman plot was used to determine the level of agreement between measured gastric volume and ultrasonography based on calculated gastric volume. Results The gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and volume in the no prophylaxis group (3.12 cm2 and 20.11 ml, respectively) were comparable to the prophylaxis group (2.56 cm2 and 19.67 ml, respectively) (P-values 0.97 and 0.63, respectively). Although there was a statistically significant decrease in gastric pH in the no prophylaxis group (P-value 0.01), it was not clinically significant to increase the risk of aspiration pneumonitis based on Roberts and Shirley criteria (P-value 0.39). Conclusion In an adequately fasted low-risk population, the amount of residual gastric volume was similar and below the aspiration threshold, regardless of the aspiration prophylaxis status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Kannamani
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Sakthirajan Panneerselvam
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Priya Rudingwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ashok S. Badhe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Kirthiha Govindaraj
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Srivats V. Ramamoorthy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Huang S, Cao S, Sun X, Zhang J. Gastric point-of-care ultrasonography in patients undergoing radical gastrointestinal surgery before anesthetic induction: an observational cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:90. [PMID: 38433227 PMCID: PMC10910806 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents is a serious perioperative complication. Patients with gastric cancer may experience delayed gastric emptying. However, the role of qualitative and quantitative gastric ultrasound assessments in this patient population before anesthesia induction has not yet been determined. METHODS Adult patients with gastrointestinal cancer were recruited and examined using gastric point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) before anesthetic induction from March 2023 to August 2023 in a tertiary cancer center. Three hundred patients with gastric cancer were conducted with POCUS prior to induction, and three hundred patients with colorectal cancer were included as controls. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum and gastric volumes (GV) were measured and calculated. We determined the nature of the gastric contents and classified the antrum using a 3-point grading system. A ratio of GV to body weight > 1.5mL/Kg was defined as a high risk of aspiration. RESULTS In patients with gastric cancer, 70 patients were classified as grade 2 (23%, including 6 patients with solid gastric contents) and 63 patients (21%) were identified as having a high risk of aspiration. Whereas in patients with colorectal cancer, only 11 patients were classified as grade 2 (3.7%), and 27 patients (9.7%) were identified as having a high risk of aspiration. A larger tumor size (OR:1.169, 95% CI 1.045-1.307, P = 0.006), tumor located in antrum (OR:2.304, 95% CI 1.169-4.539,P = 0.016), gastrointestinal obstruction (OR:21.633, 95% CI 4.199-111.443, P < 0.0001) and more lymph node metastasis (OR:2.261, 95% CI 1.062-4.812, P = 0.034) were found to be positively while tumor site at cardia (OR:0.096, 95% CI 0.019-0.464, P = 0.004) was negatively associated with high aspiration risk in patients with gastric cancer. CONCLUSION The Gastric POCUS prior to induction provides an assessment of the status of gastric emptying and can identify the patients at high risk of aspiration, especially those with gastric cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) identifier: ChiCTR2300069242; registered 10 March 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shumei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No.270, DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.270, DongAn Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Cavaliere F, Allegri M, Apan A, Brazzi L, Carassiti M, Cohen E, DI Marco P, Langeron O, Rossi M, Spieth P, Turnbull D, Weber F. A year in review in Minerva Anestesiologica 2023: anesthesia, analgesia, and perioperative medicine. Minerva Anestesiol 2024; 90:222-234. [PMID: 38535972 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.24.18067-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cavaliere
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Massimo Allegri
- Lemanic Center of Analgesia and Neuromodulation EHC, Morges, Switzerland
| | - Alparslan Apan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Giresun, Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Luca Brazzi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Carassiti
- Unit of Anesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Campus Bio-Medico University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Edmond Cohen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierangelo DI Marco
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic, Anesthesiologic, and Geriatric Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Olivier Langeron
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), University Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), Paris, France
| | - Marco Rossi
- IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Spieth
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Turnbull
- Department of Anesthetics and Neuro Critical Care, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank Weber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Gómez-Ríos MÁ, Sastre JA, Onrubia-Fuertes X, López T, Abad-Gurumeta A, Casans-Francés R, Gómez-Ríos D, Garzón JC, Martínez-Pons V, Casalderrey-Rivas M, Fernández-Vaquero MÁ, Martínez-Hurtado E, Martín-Larrauri R, Reviriego-Agudo L, Gutierrez-Couto U, García-Fernández J, Serrano-Moraza A, Rodríguez Martín LJ, Camacho Leis C, Espinosa Ramírez S, Fandiño Orgeira JM, Vázquez Lima MJ, Mayo-Yáñez M, Parente-Arias P, Sistiaga-Suárez JA, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Charco-Mora P. Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), Spanish Society of Emergency and Emergency Medicine (SEMES) and Spanish Society of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) Guideline for difficult airway management. Part I. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ANESTESIOLOGIA Y REANIMACION 2024; 71:171-206. [PMID: 38340791 DOI: 10.1016/j.redare.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Airway Management section of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES), and the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) present the Guide for the comprehensive management of difficult airway in adult patients. Its principles are focused on the human factors, cognitive processes for decision-making in critical situations, and optimization in the progression of strategies application to preserve adequate alveolar oxygenation in order to enhance safety and the quality of care. The document provides evidence-based recommendations, theoretical-educational tools, and implementation tools, mainly cognitive aids, applicable to airway management in the fields of anesthesiology, critical care, emergencies, and prehospital medicine. For this purpose, an extensive literature search was conducted following PRISMA-R guidelines and was analyzed using the GRADE methodology. Recommendations were formulated according to the GRADE methodology. Recommendations for sections with low-quality evidence were based on expert opinion through consensus reached via a Delphi questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Á Gómez-Ríos
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - J A Sastre
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - X Onrubia-Fuertes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari Dr Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | - T López
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Abad-Gurumeta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Casans-Francés
- Department of Anesthesiology. Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - J C Garzón
- Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - V Martínez-Pons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Casalderrey-Rivas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Á Fernández-Vaquero
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Martínez-Hurtado
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - L Reviriego-Agudo
- Department of Anesthesiology. Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Spain
| | - U Gutierrez-Couto
- Biblioteca, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ferrol (CHUF), Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J García-Fernández
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; President of the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Pain Therapy (SEDAR), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - J M Fandiño Orgeira
- Servicio de Urgencias, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M J Vázquez Lima
- Emergency Department, Hospital do Salnes, Vilagarcía de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain; President of the Spanish Emergency Medicine Society (SEMES), Spain
| | - M Mayo-Yáñez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head Neck Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - P Parente-Arias
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head Neck Surgery, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J A Sistiaga-Suárez
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - M Bernal-Sprekelsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; President of the Spanish Society for Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC), Spain
| | - P Charco-Mora
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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20
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Chen L, Wang N, Xie G, Wang M, Yu Y, Wang H, Fang X. The safety of preoperative carbohydrate drinks in extremely elderly patients assessed by gastric ultrasonography: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2024; 24:78. [PMID: 38408918 PMCID: PMC10895784 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-024-02457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modern perioperative guidelines encourage drinking oral carbohydrates 2 h before management. Nevertheless, research on the safety of preoperative carbohydrate drinks, particularly in extremely elderly patients is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the safety of carbohydrate drinks 2 h before surgery in extremely elderly patients (≥ 80 years) using gastric ultrasonography. METHODS We conducted a randomized prospective comparative study of 70 patients aged over 80 years who were scheduled for total knee arthroplasty, hip fracture or humerus fracture surgery. These patients were randomly assigned to the carbohydrate group (n = 35), which fasted from midnight, except for drinking 355 mL of a carbohydrate-containing fluid 2 h before surgery, or the fasting group (n = 35), which fasted from midnight and drank no fluid before surgery. The primary outcome of the study was the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum in the right lateral decubitus position (RLDP) before surgery. The secondary outcomes included CSA in the supine position, intraoperative blood glucose levels and their variability coefficients, Perlas grade, and the visual analog scale of subjective feelings. RESULTS The CSA in the RLDP and supine positions revealed no differences between the carbohydrate and fasting groups at 0 h preoperatively (P > 0.05). In the qualitative assessment, preoperative 0-h Perlas grading did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). From 2 h before surgery to transfer out of the post-anesthesia care unit, the average blood glucose level of patients in the carbohydrate group was significantly higher than that in the fasting group (P < 0.001) but remained within the normal range. Moreover, the blood glucose variability coefficient was significantly lower in the carbohydrate group than in the fasting group (P = 0.009). Oral intake of 355 mL carbohydrates before surgery significantly relieved patients' feelings (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Preoperative consumption of carbohydrate drinks 2 h before surgery is safe in "healthy" extremely elderly patients. In addition, preoperative drinking has potential value in maintaining ideal blood glucose levels and stable blood glucose fluctuations perioperatively and improving subjective perceptions of preoperative preparation. This finding warrants further investigation in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration Number ChiCTR1900024812), first registered on 29/07/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, China
| | - Guohao Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingcang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, China
| | - Yulong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, China
| | - Huiqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Linhai, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Bologheanu R, Schaubmayr W, Kimberger O, Duma A. Ultrasound evaluation of gastric emptying time of standardized high-calorie liquid meals in healthy adults: A double-blind cross-over randomized study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:264-269. [PMID: 38220385 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Commercially available high-calorie drinks containing fat and protein can be used as dietary supplements in surgical patients. According to preoperative fasting guidelines, high-calorie drinks are non-clear fluids and should not be consumed 6 h before elective procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying time of commercially available high-calorie drink formulations in healthy adults using gastric ultrasound. METHODS 25 healthy adult volunteers were included in this double-blind, cross-over prospective study. On three study sessions, fasted volunteers ingested one of the three study products: a solution of 75 g of glucose in 200 ml of water, a fat-free liquid meal, and a nutritionally complete liquid meal with equal volume and energy content. Gastric ultrasound examinations were performed to evaluate the gastric contents qualitatively and the volume of the gastric contents was calculated from the cross-sectional area of the gastric antrum measured in right lateral position by using a validated model. Repeated gastric ultrasounds were performed at baseline and half-hourly after ingesting the products in supine and right lateral position until the criteria for an empty stomach were met. RESULTS The glucose solution and the standard fat-free high-calorie drink with the same caloric content had a median gastric emptying time of 150 min. The nutritionally complete liquid meal had a median gastric emptying time of 180 min. Gastric emptying was complete in all participants before 6 h had elapsed since ingesting the study products. CONCLUSIONS High calorie liquid meals have a gastric emptying time longer than the recommended fasting time for clear fluids, but shorter than the recommended fasting time for solids in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliver Kimberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Duma
- Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University Hospital Tulln, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Lower Austria, Austria.
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22
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Altun D, Özkan-Seyhan T, Canbaz M, Aydemir L, Altun D, Gökduman HC, Çamcı E. The effect of pharyngeal packing on gastric volume in patients undergoing nasal surgery: a randomised, controlled trial. J Laryngol Otol 2024; 138:67-74. [PMID: 37288512 PMCID: PMC10772017 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215123001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of pharyngeal packing on antral cross-sectional area, gastric volume and post-operative complications. METHODS In this prospective, randomised, controlled study, 180 patients were randomly assigned to a control group or a pharyngeal packing group. Gastric antral dimensions were measured with pre- and post-operative ultrasound scanning. Presence and severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting and sore throat were recorded. RESULTS Post-operative antral cross-sectional area and gastric volume were significantly larger in the pharyngeal packing group compared to the control group. The incidence and severity of post-operative nausea and vomiting were significantly less in the pharyngeal packing group. More frequent and severe sore throat was observed in the control group within the ward. An increased Apfel simplified risk score and post-operative antral cross-sectional area were associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting during the first 2 hours, whereas septorhinoplasty and functional endoscopic sinus surgery, absent pharyngeal packing, and lower American Society of Anesthesiologists' physical status were associated with post-operative nausea and vomiting within the ward. CONCLUSION Regardless of operation type, pharyngeal packing use resulted in smaller gastric volume, which was associated with reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting frequency and severity, and lower sore throat incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Altun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülay Özkan-Seyhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Canbaz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Aydemir
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Altun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hürü Ceren Gökduman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Çamcı
- Department of Anesthesiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Shepard LN, Berg RA, O'Halloran A. It's time to learn more about the "P" in CPR. Resuscitation 2023; 193:110037. [PMID: 37944853 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Shepard
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Robert A Berg
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 1910, United States.
| | - Amanda O'Halloran
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 1910, United States.
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24
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Nguyen H, Paluska MR, Falcon R, Petersen TR, Soneru C. Rapid Evaluation of Gastric Content With Ultrasound: An Educational Tool. Cureus 2023; 15:e49031. [PMID: 38024067 PMCID: PMC10657575 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary aspiration is a severe complication in patients receiving anesthesia for surgical procedures. The risk and severity of aspiration are significantly higher in the presence of substantial gastric contents. Bedside ultrasound imaging of the gastric antrum is emerging as a rapid and valuable method to evaluate gastric contents before surgery. Rapid gastric ultrasound using a three-category grading system promotes timely decision-making to help in emergent or urgent surgeries by identifying patients with potentially high gastric volumes or solid food contents. In emergent cases with limited time, a single ultrasound view of the gastric antrum is still likely to yield helpful information. In this report, we argue that bedside ultrasound offers a more reliable assessment of gastric contents than assumptions based on time-based fasting guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, The Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Matthew R Paluska
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, USA
| | - Ricardo Falcon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Timothy R Petersen
- Office of Graduate Medical Education, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Codruta Soneru
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
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Baettig SJ, Filipovic MG, Hebeisen M, Meierhans R, Ganter MT. Pre-operative gastric ultrasound in patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration: a prospective observational cohort study. Anaesthesia 2023; 78:1327-1337. [PMID: 37587543 DOI: 10.1111/anae.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Point-of-care gastric sonography offers an objective approach to assessing individual pulmonary aspiration risk before induction of general anaesthesia. We aimed to evaluate the potential impact of routine pre-operative gastric ultrasound on peri-operative management in a cohort of adult patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery at a single centre. According to pre-operative gastric ultrasound results, patients were classified as low risk (empty, gastric fluid volume ≤ 1.5 ml.kg-1 body weight) or high risk (solid, mixed or gastric fluid volume > 1.5 ml.kg-1 body weight) of aspiration. After sonography, examiners were asked to indicate changes in aspiration risk management (none; more conservative; more liberal) to their pre-defined anaesthetic plan and to adapt it if patient safety was at risk. We included 2003 patients, 1246 (62%) of which underwent elective and 757 (38%) emergency surgery. Among patients who underwent elective surgery, 1046/1246 (84%) had a low-risk and 178/1246 (14%) a high-risk stomach, with this being 587/757 (78%) vs. 158/757 (21%) among patients undergoing emergency surgery, respectively. Routine pre-operative gastric sonography enabled changes in anaesthetic management in 379/2003 (19%) of patients, with these being a more liberal approach in 303/2003 (15%). In patients undergoing elective surgery, pre-operative gastric sonography would have allowed a more liberal approach in 170/1246 (14%) and made a more conservative approach indicated in 52/1246 (4%), whereas in patients undergoing emergency surgery, 133/757 (18%) would have been managed more liberally and 24/757 (3%) more conservatively. We showed that pre-operative gastric ultrasound helps to identify high- and low-risk situations in patients at risk of aspiration and adds useful information to peri-operative management. Our data suggest that routine use of pre-operative gastric ultrasound may improve individualised care and potentially impact patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Baettig
- Institute of Anaesthesiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M G Filipovic
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital Berne University Hospital, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - M Hebeisen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Meierhans
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M T Ganter
- Institute of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Faculty, Klinik Hirslanden Zurich | University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Bouvet L, Desgranges FP, Barnoud S, Cordoval J, Chassard D. Diagnostic accuracy of a simple qualitative ultrasound assessment for the diagnosis of empty stomach in the adult: A supplementary analysis of a prospective observer-blind randomized crossover study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2023; 67:1202-1209. [PMID: 37325856 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that qualitative ultrasound assessment performed in the semi-upright position had high sensitivity to detect gastric fluid volume >1.5 mL.kg-1 . Nevertheless, the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative assessment for the diagnosis of empty stomach (fluid volume <0.8 mL.kg-1 ) has not been assessed. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of simple qualitative ultrasound assessment with and without head-of-bed elevation to 45° for the diagnosis of an empty stomach. We also aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of a composite ultrasound scale and clinical algorithm. METHODS We performed a supplementary analysis of a prospective observer-blind randomized crossover trial in which adult fasting volunteers attended two distinct sessions, with the head-of-bed angled either at 0° or 45°, in a randomized order. Three tests were performed within each session, each corresponding to a different (either 0, 50, 100, 150 or 200 mL) and randomized volume of water; the same volumes were ingested in both sessions, in a randomized order. Ultrasounds were performed 3 min after water ingestion, blindly to the volume ingested. RESULTS We included 20 volunteers in whom 120 measurements were analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of the qualitative assessment in the semirecumbent position were 93% (95% CI: 68-100) and 89% (95% CI: 76-96), respectively. The composite scale and clinical algorithm did not have better diagnostic accuracy than the qualitative assessment performed with head-of-bed elevation. Without head-of-bed elevation, the clinical algorithm had significantly higher specificity (98% [95% CI: 88-100]) than qualitative assessment (67% [95% CI: 51-80]; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that qualitative assessment in the semirecumbent position had high diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of fluid volume <0.8 mL.kg-1 ; this method can be used in clinical practice for reliable diagnosis of empty stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Bouvet
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Bron, France
- Research Unit APCSe VetAgro Sup UP 2021.A101-University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - François-Pierrick Desgranges
- Research Unit APCSe VetAgro Sup UP 2021.A101-University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, L'Hôpital Nord-Ouest, Villefranche-sur-Saône, France
| | - Sophie Barnoud
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Julien Cordoval
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Dominique Chassard
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Femme Mère Enfant Hospital, Bron, France
- Research Unit APCSe VetAgro Sup UP 2021.A101-University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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Asokan R, Bhardwaj BB, Agrawal N, Chauhan U, Pillai A, Shankar T, Lalneiruol DJ, Baid H, Chawang H, Patel SM. Point of care gastric ultrasound to predict aspiration in patients undergoing urgent endotracheal intubation in the emergency medicine department. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:111. [PMID: 37735359 PMCID: PMC10512473 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing endotracheal intubation is the aspiration of gastric contents. Its prevalence is more in the emergency than in elective settings. Point-of-care gastric ultrasound (GUS) is a non-invasive bedside ultrasonogram that provides both qualitative and quantitative information about the stomach contents. The diagnostic accuracy of GUS in terms of gastric parameters (measured antral diameters, antral cross-sectional area, and calculated gastric volume) to predict aspiration is yet unknown. We aim to determine this in the patients undergoing urgent emergency intubation (UEI) in the emergency department. METHODOLOGY A prospective observational study was conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary healthcare center in India. Patients requiring UEI were identified and a bedside gastric ultrasound was done in the right lateral decubitus position using low frequency curved array probe. The qualitative data and the antral diameters (anteroposterior and craniocaudal) were assessed. The patient's clinical parameters and history regarding the last meal were noted. The cross-sectional area of gastric antrum was calculated using CSA = (AP × CC) π/4. The gastric volume is estimated using Perla's formula: GV = 27.0 + 14.6(RLD CSA) -1.28(age). RESULTS A hundred patients requiring urgent endotracheal intubation were enrolled in the study. Visible aspiration was more in participants with a distended gastric status (χ2 = 16.880, p = < 0.001). The median gastric volume in the patients who aspirated was 146.37 mL, and it ranged from 111.59 mL-201.01 mL. Using ROC analysis, a cut-off of CC diameter ≥ 2.35 cm (sensitivity 88%, specificity 91%) and AP diameter ≥ 5.15 cm (sensitivity 88%, specificity 87%) predicts aspiration. A calculated USG CSA cut-off ≥ 9.27cm2 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 87%) and an USG gastric volume ≥ 111.594 mL (sensitivity 100%, a specificity 92%) predicts aspiration. CONCLUSION Point-of-care gastric ultrasound is an useful non-invasive bedside tool for risk stratification for aspiration in busy emergency rooms. We present threshold gastric antral parameters that can be used to predict aspiration along with its diagnostic accuracy. This can help the treating ED physician take adequate precautions, decide on intubation techniques and treatment modifications to aid in better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Asokan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan Bhardwaj
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Naman Agrawal
- Department of Trauma and Emergency, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, India
| | - Udit Chauhan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aadya Pillai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Takshak Shankar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - D J Lalneiruol
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himanshi Baid
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hannah Chawang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanket Mukeshkumar Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nootan Medical College and Research Centre, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Jung YK, Kim CL, Jeong MA, Sung JM, Lee KG, Kim NY, Kang L, Lim H. Gastric insufflation and surgical view according to mask ventilation method for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized controlled study. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:321. [PMID: 37730575 PMCID: PMC10510126 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper mask ventilation is important to prevent air inflow into the stomach during induction of general anesthesia, and it is difficult to send airflow only through the trachea without gastric inflation. Changes in gastric insufflation according to mask ventilation during anesthesia induction were compared. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, single-blind study, 230 patients were analyzed to a facemask-ventilated group (Ventilation group) or no-ventilation group (Apnea group) during anesthesia induction. After loss of consciousness, pressure-controlled ventilation at an inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O was performed for two minutes with a two-handed mask-hold technique for Ventilation group. For Apnea group, only the facemask was fitted to the face for one minute with no ventilation. Next, endotracheal intubation was performed. The gastric cross-sectional area (CSA, cm2) was measured using ultrasound before and after induction. After pneumoperitoneum with carbon dioxide, gastric insufflation of the surgical view was graded by the surgeon for each group. RESULTS Increase of postinduction antral CSA on ultrasound were not significantly different between Ventilation group and Apnea group (0.04 ± 0.3 and 0.02 ± 0.28, p-value = 0.225). Additionally, there were no significant differences between the two groups in surgical grade according to surgeon's judgement. CONCLUSIONS Pressure-controlled ventilation at an inspiratory pressure of 15 cmH2O for two minutes did not increase gastric antral CSA and insufflation of stomach by laparoscopic view. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0003620) on 13/3/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho Long Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Jeong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Min Sung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Leekyeong Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunyoung Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1, Wangsimni-ro, Seoungdong-gu, 04763, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ding Y, Huang T, Ge Y, Gao J, Zhang Y. Effect of trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange on reflux and microaspiration in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1212646. [PMID: 37746088 PMCID: PMC10512709 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1212646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reflux aspiration is a rare but serious complication during induction of anesthesia. The primary aim of this study is to compare the incidence of reflux and microaspiration in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy during induction of general anesthesia using either a facemask or trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange. Methods We conducted a single-center, randomized, controlled trial. Thirty patients were allocated to either a facemask or a trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) group. Pre-oxygenation for 5 min with a facemask or THRIVE, positive pressure ventilation for 2 min or THRIVE for 2 min after anesthesia induction was followed. Before endotracheal intubation, the secretion above and below the glottis was collected to measure pepsin content and analyze blood gas. The ELISA assay for supra- and subglottic human pepsin content was used to detect the presence of reflux and microaspiration. The primary outcome was the incidence of reflux and microaspiration. Secondary outcomes were apnea time, PaO2 before tracheal intubation, and the end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure. Results Patients in the THRIVE group had a significantly longer apnea time (379.55 ± 94.12 s) compared to patients in the facemask group (172.96 ± 58.87 s; p < 0.001). There were no differences observed in PaO2 between the groups. A significant difference in gastric insufflation, reflux, and microaspiration was observed between the groups. Gastric insufflation was 6.9% in the THRIVE group vs. 28.57% kPa in the facemask group (p = 0.041); reflux was 10.34% in the THRIVE group vs. 32.14% kPa in the facemask group (p = 0.044); and microaspiration was 0% in the THRIVE group vs. 17.86% kPa in the facemask group (p = 0.023). Conclusion The application of THRIVE during induction of general anesthesia reduced the incidence of reflux and microaspiration while ensuring oxygenation and prolonged apnea time in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. THRIVE may be an optimal way to administer oxygen during the induction of general anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients. Clinical trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, No: ChiCTR2100054086, https://www.chictr.org.cn/indexEN.html.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xu XY, Xue HP, Yuan MJ, Jin YR, Huang CX. Effects of ultrasound monitoring of gastric residual volume on feeding complications, caloric intake and prognosis of patients with severe mechanical ventilation. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:1719-1727. [PMID: 37701696 PMCID: PMC10494589 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i8.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring of gastric residual is an important approach for assessing gastric emptying in patients with mechanical ventilation. By monitoring gastric contents, the enteral nutrition scheme can be adjusted in time to ensure feeding safety.
AIM To investigate the effects of ultrasound monitoring on the incidence of feeding complications, daily caloric intake and prognosis of patients with severe mechanical ventilation. To analyze the clinical significance of ultrasound monitoring of gastric residual volume (GRV) up to 250 mL to provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.
METHODS Patients admitted to the department of emergency medicine of the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2018 to June 2022 who received invasive mechanical ventilation and continuous enteral nutrition support within 24-48 h after admission were enrolled in this study. Medical records for patients within 7 d of hospitalization were retrospectively analyzed to compare the incidence of feeding complications, daily caloric intake and clinical prognosis between patients with gastric residual ≥ 250 mL and < 250 mL, as monitored by ultrasound on the third day.
RESULTS A total of 513 patients were enrolled in this study. Incidences of abdominal distension, diarrhea, and vomiting in the < 250 mL and ≥ 250 mL groups were: 18.4% vs 21.0%, 23.9% vs 32.3% and 4.0% vs 6.5%, respectively; mortality rates were 20.8% vs 22.65%; mechanical ventilation durations were 18.30 d vs 17.56 d while lengths of stay in the intensive care units (ICU) were 19.87 d vs 19.19 ± 5.19 d. Differences in the above factors between groups were not significant. Gastric residual ≥ 250 mL was not an independent risk factor for death and prolonged ICU stay. However, target feeding time of patients in the ≥ 250 mL group was longer than that of patients in the ≥ 250 mL group, and caloric intake (22.0, 23.6, 24.8, 25.3 kcal/kg/d) for patients in the ≥ 250 mL group from the 4th day to the 7th day of hospitalization was lower than that of patients in the ≥ 250 mL group (23.2, 24.8, 25.7, 25.8 kcal/kg/d). On the 4th day (Z = 4.324, P = 0.013), on the 5th day (Z = 3.376, P = 0.033), while on the 6th day (Z = 3.098, P = 0.04), the differences were statistically significant.
CONCLUSION The use of ultrasound to monitor GRV and undertaking clinical interventions when the monitoring value is ≥ 250 mL has no significant effects on incidences of feeding complications and clinical prognostic outcomes, however, it significantly prolongs the time to reach target feeding, reduces the daily intake of calories during ICU hospitalization, and increases the risk of insufficient nutrition of patients. The accuracy and necessity of monitoring gastric remnants and monitoring frequencies should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui-Ping Xue
- Emergency Medical Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Jun Yuan
- Emergency Medical Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - You-Rong Jin
- Emergency Medical Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chun-Xia Huang
- Department of Emergency Outpatient, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Rong H, Dai W, Qin Y, Meng Z, Zou X, Wang B, Wei Q, Xie Y. Ultrasonographic Assessment of Gastric Volume in Fasted Patients Undergoing Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Under Sedation. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:685-698. [PMID: 37641782 PMCID: PMC10460589 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s424890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this prospective observational study, an ultrasonographic measurement of antral cross-sectional area (ACSA) was conducted to evaluate the gastric content and volume as well as to identify high-risk stomach in non-pregnant adult surgical patients adhering to preanesthetic fasting guidelines. Patients and Methods Fasted patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation were included. Ultrasonographic measurements of ACSA were conducted in both semi-recumbent and right lateral decubitus positions before endoscopic procedures. Gastroscopy was employed to guide the measurement of suctioned gastric volume (GV). Ultrasonography was performed to assess gastric contents and identify patients with high-risk stomach. The relationship between ACSA and suctioned GV was also evaluated. Results ACSA was evaluated in 736 out of 782 patients. A significant positive correlation was discovered between ACSA in the right lateral decubitus position and suctioned GV, which was more reliable than in the semi-recumbent position. To analyze high-risk stomach with a GV > 100 mL, the cutoff value of ACSA in the right lateral decubitus was found to be 7.5 cm2, with the AUC, sensitivity and specificity of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.82; P<0.001), 82.4% and 67.3%, respectively. A novel mathematical model based on ACSA to estimate GV in non-pregnant fasted adults was presented. Conclusion Ultrasonographic measurement of ACSA can assist anesthesiologists in estimating the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during general anesthesia and sedation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixin Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinying Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikeng Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xia Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubo Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Sander T, Urmson K, Langford L, O'Brien J, Bajwa JS, Walker ME, Leswick D. Determining residual gastric volume in healthy children using ultrasound. Can J Anaesth 2023; 70:1323-1329. [PMID: 37386267 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fasting guidelines for children recommend restricting clear fluids for one or two hours before a procedure to reduce pulmonary aspiration. Gastric volumes < 1.5 mL·kg-1 do not seem to present an increased risk of pulmonary aspiration. Our aim was to quantify the time to achieve a gastric volume < 1.5 mL·kg-1 after clear fluid ingestion in children. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study in healthy volunteers aged 1-14 yr. Participants followed American Society of Anesthesiologists fasting guidelines prior to data collection. Gastric ultrasound (US) was performed in the right lateral decubitus (RLD) position to determine the antral cross-sectional area (CSA). Following baseline measurements, participants consumed 250 mL of a clear fluid. We then performed gastric US at four time intervals: 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. Data were collected following a predictive model for gastric volume estimation using the formula: volume (mL) = -7.8 + (3.5 × RLD CSA) + (0.127) × age (months). RESULTS We recruited 33 healthy children aged 2-14 yr. The mean gastric volume per weight (mL·kg-1) at baseline was 0.51 mL·kg-1 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46 to 0.57). The mean gastric volume was 1.55 mL·kg-1 (95% CI, 1.36 to 1.75) at 30 min, 1.17 mL·kg-1 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33) at 60 min, 0.76 mL·kg-1 (95% CI, 0.67 to 0.85) at 90 min, and 0.58 mL·kg-1 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.65) at 120 min. CONCLUSION Our results show that total gastric fluid volume was < 1.5 mL·kg-1 after 60 min, suggesting that current fasting guidelines for children could be liberalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Room G525, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Kristine Urmson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Room G525, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada.
| | - Leanne Langford
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jennifer O'Brien
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Room G525, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Jagmeet S Bajwa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Room G525, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - Mary Ellen Walker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Pain Management, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Room G525, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0W8, Canada
| | - David Leswick
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Sherwin M, Hamburger J, Katz D, DeMaria S. Influence of semaglutide use on the presence of residual gastric solids on gastric ultrasound: a prospective observational study in volunteers without obesity recently started on semaglutide. Can J Anaesth 2023; 70:1300-1306. [PMID: 37466909 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become increasingly popular as both diabetic and weight loss therapies. One effect of this class of medication is delayed gastric emptying, which may impact the risk of aspiration during anesthesia delivery. METHODS In this prospective study, we used gastric ultrasound to evaluate the presence of solid gastric contents in both supine and lateral positions after an eight-hour fast in those taking GLP-1RA compared with controls. Participants underwent a second ultrasound evaluation two hours later after drinking 12 fluid ounces of water (approximately 350 mL). RESULTS Twenty adults voluntarily enrolled, giving a total of ten participants in each group. In the supine position, 70% of semaglutide participants and 10% of control participants had solids present on gastric ultrasound (risk ratio [RR], 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 9.65; P = 0.02.) In the lateral position, 90% of semaglutide participants and 20% of control participants had solids identified on gastric ultrasound (RR, 7.36; 95% CI, 1.13 to 47.7; P = 0.005). Two hours after drinking clear liquids, the two groups did not differ in the lateral position, but in the supine position, 90% of control group participants were rated as empty compared with only 30% of semaglutide group participants (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS This study provides preliminary evidence that GLP-1RAs may affect gastric emptying and residual gastric contents following an overnight fast and two hours after clear liquids, which may have implications for aspiration risk during anesthetic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Sherwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L., Levy Place, Box 1010, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua Hamburger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L., Levy Place, Box 1010, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Daniel Katz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L., Levy Place, Box 1010, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Samuel DeMaria
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L., Levy Place, Box 1010, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Van de Putte P, Herijgers A, Wallyn A, Bleeser T, Van Dijck L, Calle B, Del Jesus Sanchez Fernandez J, Dogrul F, Hendrickx E. The correlation between patient satiety sensation and total gastric fluid volume: a prospective observational study. Can J Anaesth 2023; 70:1307-1314. [PMID: 37353726 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Surgical patients are asked to adhere to preoperative fasting guidelines to minimize gastric contents. Large fluid volumes or solid content can still be present as shown with gastric ultrasound. It has been suggested that additional rating of patients' satiety, measured as the feeling of hunger and thirst, could help clinicians to better judge emptying of the stomach. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study in fasted elective surgical patients. The primary objective was to investigate the correlation between hunger measured on a 0-10 numeric rating scale and total gastric fluid volume measured with gastric ultrasonography. Secondary objectives included the correlation between 1) thirst and total gastric fluid volume and 2) hunger, thirst, and the Perlas grading scale score. RESULTS We included 515 patients. The exam was inconclusive in 14 individuals (2.7%). The Spearman correlation coefficient between gastric fluid volumes and hunger was 0.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.20) (P = 0.01). The correlation between gastric fluid volumes and thirst was 0.11 (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.20) (P = 0.02). Between antral grades and numeric rating scale, the correlation coefficient was 0.00 (95% CI, -0.09 to 0.09) (P = 1.00) for thirst and 0.00 (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.09) (P = 0.94) for hunger. Ten patients (2.0%) had solid content, 24 presented a grade 2 antrum (4.8%). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the correlation between total gastric fluid volume and satiety sensation is very weak. Satiety did not reliably predict total gastric fluid volume. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04884373); registered 13 May 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Van de Putte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium.
| | - Anneleen Herijgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - An Wallyn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | - Tom Bleeser
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - Lisa Van Dijck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - Brecht Calle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium
| | | | - Fikriye Dogrul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Herestraat, Belgium
| | - Ellen Hendrickx
- Department of Anesthesiology, Imeldaziekenhuis, Imeldalaan 9, 2820, Bonheiden, Belgium
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Bertoli D, Mark EB, Liao D, Brock C, Brock B, Knop FK, Krogh K, Frøkjær JB, Drewes AM. Pan-alimentary assessment of motility, luminal content, and structures: an MRI-based framework. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:1378-1390. [PMID: 37431198 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2023.2233036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms originating from different segments overlap and complicate diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we aimed to develop and test a pan-alimentary framework for the evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and different static endpoints based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without contrast agents or bowel preparation. METHODS Twenty healthy volunteers (55.6 ± 10.9 years, BMI 30.8 ± 9.2 kg/m2) underwent baseline and post-meal MRI scans at multiple time points. From the scans, the following were obtained: Gastric segmental volumes and motility, emptying half time (T50), small bowel volume and motility, colonic segmental volumes, and fecal water content. Questionnaires to assess GI symptoms were collected between and after MRI scans. KEY RESULTS We observed an increase in stomach and small bowel volume immediately after meal intake from baseline values (p<.001 for the stomach and p=.05 for the small bowel). The volume increase of the stomach primarily involved the fundus (p<.001) in the earliest phase of digestion with a T50 of 92.1 ± 35.3 min. The intake of the meal immediately elicited a motility increase in the small bowel (p<.001). No differences in colonic fecal water content between baseline and 105 min were observed. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES We developed a framework for a pan-alimentary assessment of GI endpoints and observed how different dynamic and static physiological endpoints responded to meal intake. All endpoints aligned with the current literature for individual gut segments, showing that a comprehensive model may unravel complex and incoherent gastrointestinal symptoms in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bertoli
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Esben B Mark
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Donghua Liao
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christina Brock
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brock
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Department of Clinical Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens B Frøkjær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Mech-Sense, Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Asbjorn M Drewes
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Zhou S, Cao X, Zhou Y, Xu Z, Liu Z. Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Volume in Parturients After High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy. Anesth Analg 2023; 137:176-181. [PMID: 36630297 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) therapy is widely used in critical care obstetrics to improve oxygenation. Much of the benefit of HFNO is linked to the creation of modest levels of positive airway pressure. Pregnant women are generally considered to be at high risk of regurgitation and aspiration. It is unknown whether HFNO may cause gas insufflation into the stomach and further increase this risk. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically evaluate the possible safety effects of HFNO on gastric volume in healthy fasted parturients. METHODS Sixty fasted parturients scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were enrolled in an observer-blinded, prospective, interventional study. We used ultrasonography to assess changes of antral cross-sectional area (CSA) and gastric volume before and after a 20-minute treatment with HFNO at a rate of 50 L·min -1 . The primary outcome was the change in gastric volume from before to after HFNO therapy, and the secondary outcome was the distribution of antral grades. RESULTS In semirecumbent right lateral position, the antral CSA at baseline and after treatment with HFNO was 3.81 (3.01-4.72) cm 2 and 3.79 (3.03-4.54) cm 2 , respectively. The estimated fluid volume at baseline and after treatment with HFNO was 38.51 (33.39-54.62) mL and 39.71 (32.00-52.82) mL, respectively. All participants had either a grade 0 or grade 1 antrum, and most of them had a grade 0 antrum. There was no significant difference in gastric volume and distribution of antral grades before and after HFNO therapy. Gastric air distension was not shown in any of the parturients either at baseline or after treatment with HFNO. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with HFNO for 20 minutes at flow rates up to 50 L·min -1 did not increase gastric volume in term pregnant women breathing spontaneously when evaluated by gastric ultrasonography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangqiong Zhou
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Xu QQ, Zhu WX, Xiong HL, Zeng FL, Du Y. Safety and effectiveness for oral intake of carbohydrate-rich drink at preoperative 2 hours before painless colonoscopy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33899. [PMID: 37327297 PMCID: PMC10270500 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and optimal dose of oral intake of carbohydrate-rich drinks 2 hours before painless colonoscopy. All patients receiving painless colonoscopy were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (no carbohydrate-rich drink, n = 33), low-dose group (5 mL/kg carbohydrate-rich drink, n = 30), and high-dose group (8 mL/kg carbohydrate-rich drink, n = 30). Use of vasoactive drugs, the visual analog scale including thirst and hunger, degree of satisfaction, the time required for Modified Post Anesthetic Discharge Scoring System scale, first urination time, electrolyte level (sodium, potassium, and calcium), and blood glucose level were also determined. A total of 93 patients were recruited in this study. No significant difference was observed in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum area at T0 between low- and high-dose groups (P = .912). There was a significant difference in CSA of gastric antrum at 120 minutes after oral intake between the low- and high-dose groups (P = .015). No significant difference was observed in the CSA of gastric antrum at 0 minutes and 120 minutes in the low-dose group (P = .177). In the high-dose group, the CSA of gastric antrum significantly differed at 0 minutes and 120 minutes (P < .001). There was a significant difference in the visual analog scale scores of thirst and hunger at 4 and 5 hours after bowel preparation among 3 groups (P = .001, P = .029, P < .001, P = .001). The degree of satisfaction in low- and high-dose groups was significantly higher than that in the control group (both P < .001). In conclusion, it is feasible and safe to deliver an oral intake of 5 mL/kg carbohydrate-rich drink 2 hours before painless colonoscopy. The comfort level and degree of satisfaction of patients can be further improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-qin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-xiu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao-lan Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan-li Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Zuo Q. Gastric Emptying Velocity After Labor Analgesia Assessed by Sonography: A Prospective Controlled Observational Study. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2023; 19:475-484. [PMID: 37346898 PMCID: PMC10281523 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s410984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The effect of labor analgesia on gastric emptying rate will affect the management of fasting during the perinatal period. To evaluate gastric emptying after labor analgesia using the gastric antrum ultrasound examination. Methods From September 2022 to January 2023, a prospective controlled observational study was conducted. The Study group (epidural analgesia group) and Observation group (pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions group) were successively enrolled and grouped using the random envelope method. However, labor analgesia was supplied according to maternal women's wishes, and intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were performed to establish its effect on stomach emptying. The gastric emptying rate during the first stage of labor was considered to be the primary outcome. Results From September 2022 to January 2023, 120 persons were studied, 90 in the Study group and 30 in the Observation group. 33 people's analgesic selection was discordant with the grouped one. ITT analysis showed that the Study group's cross-sectional area (CSA) fell from baseline (624.19 ± 92.70 mm2) to 334.64 ± 46.32 mm2 after 1 hour and to 217.26 ± 29.90 mm2 after 2 hours. In the Observation group, the CSA similarly dropped from 620.10 ± 100.73 mm2 to 331.30 ± 51.19 mm2 and 214.70 ± 28.73 mm2, p<0.001. CSA was not significantly different between groups, p>0.05. The PP analysis also indicated no significant changes in the CSA between the two groups at 3 time-points, p>0.05. At the first hour, the Study and Observation group had stomach emptying speeds of 300.05 ± 103.74 mm2/h and 259.50 ± 125.25 mm2/h, respectively, which were greater than those at the second hour (115.75 ± 43.51 mm2/h vs 124.36 ± 58.98 mm2/h), p<0.001. Conclusion Epidural analgesia, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological labor analgesia had little effect on gastric emptying, and gastric antrum ultrasonography can be utilized to monitor maternal gastric volume changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai, Qionglai City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center Hospital of Qionglai, Qionglai City, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghai Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, People’s Hospital of Hechuan, Chongqing City, People’s Republic of China
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Lin H, He JJ, Cai ZS, Lu ZW, Lin ZJ, Lin XZ, Huang QW. Ultrasonic evaluation of metoclopramide's effect on gastric motility in emergency trauma patients. Front Physiol 2023; 14:999736. [PMID: 37234409 PMCID: PMC10206248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.999736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to use bedside ultrasound to evaluate the effects of metoclopramide on gastric motility in patients being treated for trauma in the emergency department. Methods: Fifty patients underwent an ultrasound immediately after attending the emergency department of Zhang Zhou Hospital due to trauma. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: a metoclopramide group (group M, n = 25) and a normal saline group (group S, n = 25). The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (T = time). The gastric emptying rate (GER, GER=-AareaTn/AareaTn-30-1×100), GER/min (GER divided by the corresponding interval time), gastric content properties, Perlas grade at different time points, T120 gastric volume (GV), and GV per unit of body weight (GV/W) were evaluated. The risk of vomiting, reflux/aspiration, and type of anesthetic treatment were also evaluated. Results: The differences between the two groups in the CSA of the gastric antrum at each time point were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The CSAs of the gastric antrum in group M were lower than those in group S, and the greatest difference between the two groups occurred at T30 (p < 0.001). The differences between the two groups in GER and GER/min were also statistically significant (p < 0.001); those differences in group M were higher than those in group S, and the greatest differences between the two groups occurred at T30 (p < 0.001). There were no obvious change trends in the properties of the gastric contents and the Perlas grades in either group, and the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.97). The differences between the two groups in the GV and GV/W at T120 were statistically significant (p < 0.001), as was the risk of reflux and aspiration at T120 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: When metoclopramide was used in satiated emergency trauma patients, it accelerated gastric emptying within 30 min and reduced the risk of accidental reflux. However, a normal gastric emptying level was not achieved, which can be attributed to the delaying effect of trauma on gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Shi Cai
- The Emergency Department, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jian Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Xian-Zhong Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
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Nieto A, Livovsky DM, Azpiroz F. Conditioning by a Previous Experience Impairs the Rewarding Value of a Comfort Meal. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102247. [PMID: 37242129 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meal ingestion induces a postprandial experience that involves homeostatic and hedonic sensations. Our aim was to determine the effect of aversive conditioning on the postprandial reward of a comfort meal. METHODS A sham-controlled, randomised, parallel, single-blind study was performed on 12 healthy women (6 per group). A comfort meal was tested before and after coupling the meal with an aversive sensation (conditioning intervention), induced by infusion of lipids via a thin naso-duodenal catheter; in the pre- and post-conditioning tests and in the control group, a sham infusion was performed. Participants were instructed that two recipes of a tasty humus would be tested; however, the same meal was administered with a colour additive in the conditioning and post-conditioning tests. Digestive well-being (primary outcome) was measured every 10 min before and 60 min after ingestion using graded scales. RESULTS In the aversive conditioning group, the comfort meal in the pre-conditioning test induced a pleasant postprandial experience, which was significantly lower in the post-conditioning test; the effect of aversive conditioning (change from pre- to post-conditioning) was significant as compared to sham conditioning in the control group, which showed no differences between study days. CONCLUSION The hedonic postprandial response to a comfort meal in healthy women is impaired by aversive conditioning. CLINICALTRIALS gov ID: NCT04938934.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoracion Nieto
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dan M Livovsky
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Institute, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Khoche S, Ellis J, Poorsattar SP, Kothari P, Oliver A, Whyte A, Maus TM. The Year in Perioperative Echocardiography: Selected Highlights From 2022. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00260-4. [PMID: 37208207 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
THIS SPECIAL article is part of an annual series for the Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. The authors thank the editor-in-chief, Dr. Kaplan, and the Editorial Board for the opportunity to continue this series, which focuses on the past year's research highlights that pertain to perioperative echocardiography in relation to cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia. The major selected themes for 2022 include (1) updates on mitral valve assessments and interventions, (2) training and simulation updates, (3) outcomes and complications of transesophageal echocardiography, and (4) point-of-care cardiac ultrasound. The themes selected for this special article are just a sample of the advances in perioperative echocardiography during 2022. An appreciation and understanding of these highlights will help to ensure and improve the perioperative outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disease undergoing cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Khoche
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD Medical Center-Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Jon Ellis
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD Medical Center-Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Sophia P Poorsattar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Perin Kothari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ashley Oliver
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alice Whyte
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy M Maus
- Department of Anesthesiology, UCSD Medical Center-Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, La Jolla, California.
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Ahn JH, Shim JG, Lee SH, Ryu KH, Lee MY, Kim S, Gahng TR, Cho EA. Differences in preoperative gastric ultrasound findings in elderly compared to the mid-aged surgical patients: A retrospective observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33595. [PMID: 37083808 PMCID: PMC10118380 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare gastric ultrasound assessments between young and elderly patients, to determine whether the cross-section area (CSA) cutoff values for elderly and young patients should be different, and to suggest CSA cutoff values for elderly patients. This study evaluated the data of 120 patients who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia between July 2019 and August 2020. Demographic and gastric ultrasound assessment data were retrieved. Patients were divided into the elderly group (n = 58, age: ≥65 years) and young group (n = 62, age: <65 years). The CSAs in the supine and right lateral decubitus positions (RLDP), semiquantitative 3-point Perlas grade (grades 0, 1, and 2), and gastric volume (GV) were determined. CSAs according to different Perlas grades were compared between the 2 groups. To compare normally and non-normally distributed continuous data, Student t test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, respectively. Categorical data were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were built for the CSAs to predict pulmonary aspiration. The CSA cutoff values for predicting a high risk of pulmonary aspiration in both the groups were determined. Among patients with Perlas grade 0, the CSAsupine (P = .002) and CSARLDP (P = .002) were greater in the elderly group than in the young group. The specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy of the CSA decreased when the CSA cutoff value for the young group was applied to the elderly group. The CSA cutoff values for the elderly group were: CSAsupine, 6.92 cm2 and CSARLDP, 10.65 cm2. The CSA of the empty stomach was greater in elderly patients than in young patients. We suggest that the following CSA cutoff values should be used for predicting pulmonary aspiration risk in elderly patients: CSAsupine, 6.92 cm2 and CSARLDP, 10.65 cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Geum Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of R&D Management, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sinae Kim
- Division of Biostatistics, Biostatics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ryun Gahng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Cho
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lamm R, Collins M, Bloom J, Joel M, Iosif L, Park D, Reny J, Schultz S, Yeo CJ, Beausang D, Schwenk ES, Costanzo C, Phillips BR. Postoperative Handheld Gastric Point-of-Care Ultrasound and Delayed Bowel Function. J Am Coll Surg 2023; 236:554-559. [PMID: 36602237 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed bowel function (DBF) following intra-abdominal surgery is a common problem that contributes to postoperative complications and prolonged length of stay. Use of a handheld gastric point-of-care ultrasound (GPOCUS) can identify a full vs empty stomach in the postoperative period. We hypothesized that the findings of a full stomach identified on a postoperative day 1 (POD1) GPOCUS exam would predict an increased risk of delayed bowel function. STUDY DESIGN A blinded, prospective cohort study was performed. Postoperative colorectal surgery patients were identified as having either a full or empty stomach based on previously published definitions. GPOCUS examinations were performed on POD1 using a handheld ultrasound device, and the clinicians were blinded to the results. Demographic and perioperative data were collected. The primary outcome variable was gastrointestinal-3 (GI-3) recovery, defined as time to tolerance of diet and either flatus or bowel movement. RESULTS Fifty-six patients agreed to participate in the study; fifty were eligible and included. Eighteen patients' stomachs were identified as full on POD1 GPOCUS examination, and thirty-two were identified as empty. No significant demographic or perioperative differences existed between groups. Patients with full stomachs had significantly delayed GI-3 recovery (4 vs 1 days, p < 0.0001) and longer length of stay (5 vs 3 days, p < 0.0001). Full-stomach patients also had significantly more emesis and nasogastric tube (NGT) placement (both p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GPOCUS performed on POD1 can predict DBF, length of stay, likelihood of emesis, and NGT placement. Use of handheld devices for GPOCUS showed promise for the identification of patients at high risk for DBF and could provide an opportunity for pre-emptive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lamm
- From the Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Lamm, Collins, Yeo, Costanzo, Phillips)
| | - Micaela Collins
- From the Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Lamm, Collins, Yeo, Costanzo, Phillips)
| | - Jamie Bloom
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Bloom, Beausang, Schwenk)
| | - Marisa Joel
- the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Joel, Iosif, Park, Reny, Schultz)
| | - Leah Iosif
- the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Joel, Iosif, Park, Reny, Schultz)
| | - Doo Park
- the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Joel, Iosif, Park, Reny, Schultz)
| | - Jacky Reny
- the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Joel, Iosif, Park, Reny, Schultz)
| | - Samuel Schultz
- the Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Joel, Iosif, Park, Reny, Schultz)
| | - Charles J Yeo
- From the Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Lamm, Collins, Yeo, Costanzo, Phillips)
| | - David Beausang
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Bloom, Beausang, Schwenk)
| | - Eric S Schwenk
- the Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Bloom, Beausang, Schwenk)
| | - Caitlyn Costanzo
- From the Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Lamm, Collins, Yeo, Costanzo, Phillips)
| | - Benjamin R Phillips
- From the Department of Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (Lamm, Collins, Yeo, Costanzo, Phillips)
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Sarhan KA, Hasaneen H, Hasanin A, Mohammed H, Saleh R, Kamel A. Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Fluid Volume in Children Scheduled for Elective Surgery After Clear Fluid Fasting for 1 Versus 2 Hours: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesth Analg 2023; 136:711-718. [PMID: 35881513 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000006157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the gastric fluid volume (GFV) in children who fasted 1 versus 2 hours using ultrasound, after ingestion of a defined volume of clear fluid. METHODS Children scheduled for elective surgery were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. After receiving 3 mL kg -1 clear fluid, participants were randomized to have a gastric ultrasound after fasting for either 1 hour (1-hour group, n = 116) or 2 hours (2-hour group, n = 111). Our primary outcome was the GFV. Other outcomes included the antral cross-sectional area, frequency of high risk and low risk of aspiration, and qualitative grading for the gastric antrum. RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-seven children were available for final analysis. The median (Q1-Q3) GFV was higher in the 1-hour group versus the 2-hour group (0.61 [0.41-0.9] mL kg -1 vs 0.32 [0.23-0.47] mL kg -1 ; P value = .001). None of the study groups had GFV ≥1.5 mL kg -1 . The frequency (%) of GFV ≥1.25 mL kg -1 was comparable between both groups (2 [1.7%] vs 0 [0%], P value = .165). However, the frequency of GFV ≥0.8 mL kg -1 was higher in 1-hour group than in 2-hour group (34.5% vs 4.5%), and grade 2 antral grading score was 56.9% in 1-hour group vs 0.9% in 2-hour group ( P value <.001). CONCLUSIONS In healthy children scheduled for elective surgery receiving 3 mL kg -1 clear fluid, the median GFV after 1-hour fasting was double the volume after conventional 2-hour fasting. These findings should be considered whether weighting the risk/benefit of a liberal approach to preoperative fasting versus the risk of pulmonary aspiration.
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Shin HJ, Kim H, Han SH, Do SH, Na HS. Ultrasound assessment of residual gastric volume in older adults undergoing staged-bilateral total knee arthroplasty after consuming carbohydrate-containing fluids: a prospective observational study. Korean J Anesthesiol 2023; 76:128-134. [PMID: 36274254 PMCID: PMC10079000 DOI: 10.4097/kja.22378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared preoperative residual gastric volume (GV) between the first and second stages of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in older adults after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluid 2 h prior to surgery. METHODS In this study, 36 patients, aged > 65 years, scheduled for staged bilateral TKA with one-week interval, were enrolled. The patients consumed 400 ml of carbohydrate-containing fluid 2 h prior to surgery. Before the induction of spinal anesthesia, the gastric antral cross-sectional area was measured at the first and second TKA using ultrasound, and the residual GV was calculated. The primary outcome was the residual GV. Qualitative GV (grades 0, 1, and 2) and analgesic consumption after the first TKA were assessed as secondary outcomes. RESULTS The GV (median [Q1, Q3]) was greater in the second-stage TKA (41.1 [22.5, 62.8] ml) than in the first-stage TKA (10.3 [0.0, 27.1] ml) (P < 0.001). In the qualitative assessment, the distribution was not different between the two stages of TKA (P = 0.219) and only one patient showed grade 2 gastric content in the second TKA. When opioid consumption was converted to an equivalent dose of morphine, an average of 53.9 mg of morphine was required after the first TKA. CONCLUSIONS Residual GV after drinking carbohydrate-containing fluid differed according to the stage of TKA, showing a larger residual GV in the second TKA than in the first one. In older adults scheduled to undergo bilateral staged TKA, caution is required in preoperative fasting practice, especially in second-stage surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Heeyeon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung-Hee Han
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Do
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Seok Na
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Ruiz Ávila HA, Espinosa Almanza CJ, Fuentes Barreiro CY. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability in ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition. Ultrasound J 2023; 15:14. [PMID: 36934375 PMCID: PMC10024819 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of gastric content and volume using bedside ultrasound (US) has become a useful tool in emergency departments, anesthesiology departments and inpatient wards, as it provides a rapid and dynamic assessment of the gastric content of patients, which, allows making decisions regarding the risk of regurgitation or the need to adjust the strategy used to induce general anesthesia in patients with a full stomach. This assessment consists of two evaluations: a qualitative one, in which the status of the antrum, in terms of gastric content, is classified into three categories (empty, liquid content and full), and a quantitative one, where gastric volume is estimated. The objective of this study was to estimate the intra-observer and inter-observer agreement in ultrasound assessment of gastric content and volume in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition. RESULTS A total of 41 patients were included and each examiner performed 64 gastric US (n = 128). Participants' average age was 56.5 years (SD ± 12.6) and 63.4% were men. Regarding the qualitative evaluation of the antrum, in supine position both examiners classified the gastric content as grade 0 in 1 gastric US (1.5%), grade 1 in 4 gastric US (6.2%) and grade 2 in 59 (92.1%). Regarding intra-observer variability in the measurement of the area of the antrum, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), the difference of means between measurements and the 95% limits of agreement of Bland and Altman values were 0.95 (95% CI 0.940-0.977), - 0.47 cm2 (SD ± 1.64) and - 3.70 cm2 to 2.75 cm2, respectively, in EC1, and 0.94 (95% CI 0.922-0.973), - 0.18 cm2 (SD ± 2.18) and - 4.47 cm2 to 4.09 cm2 in EC2. Concerning to inter-observer variability (EC1 vs EC2) in the measurement of the area of the antrum and of gastric volume, the following CCC, mean difference between measurements and 95% limits of agreement of Bland and Altman values were obtained: measurement of the area of the antrum: 0.84 (95% CI 0.778-0.911), - 0.86 cm2 (SD ± 3.38) and - 7.50 cm2 to 5.78 cm2; gastric volume measurement: 0.84 (95% CI 0.782-0.913), - 12.3 mL (SD ± 49.2) and - 108.8 mL to 84.0 mL. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of gastric content and volume using bedside US in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation and receiving enteral nutrition showed a good intra and inter-rater reliability. Most of the patients included in the study had a high risk of pulmonary aspiration, since, according to the results of the gastric US evaluation, they had gastric volumes > 1.5 mL/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Andrés Ruiz Ávila
- Anestesiologo-Intensivista, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
- Docente Asociado Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia.
- Docente Adjunto Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Intensivos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (GICI-UN), Bogotá, Colombia.
- Grupo de Interés en Ultrasonido Enfocado HUN-UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Carmelo José Espinosa Almanza
- Anestesiologo-Intensivista, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Intensivos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (GICI-UN), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Interés en Ultrasonido Enfocado HUN-UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia
- Docente Auxiliar Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cindy Yohana Fuentes Barreiro
- Anestesiologo-Intensivista, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
- Docente Asociado Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Bogotá, D.C, Colombia
- Docente Adjunto Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Cuidados Intensivos de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (GICI-UN), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Interés en Ultrasonido Enfocado HUN-UNAL, Bogotá, Colombia
- Docente Auxiliar Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Anestesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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El Khoury D, Pardo E, Cambriel A, Bonnet F, Pham T, Cholley B, Quesnel C, Verdonk F. Gastric Cross-Sectional Area to Predict Gastric Intolerance in Critically Ill Patients: The Sono-ICU Prospective Observational Bicenter Study. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0882. [PMID: 36960310 PMCID: PMC10030198 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the correlation between gastric cross-sectional area (GCSA) and the occurrence of gastric intolerance in critically ill patients within 24 hours of the measurement. DESIGN Two-center prospective observational study. SETTING Two academic ICUs in France between June 2020 and August 2021. PATIENTS All surgical intubated ICU patients greater than or equal to 18 years old receiving enteral feeding for greater than 12 hours. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Forty-four patients were included, 11 (25%) of whom presented digestive intolerance. Primary outcome was assessment of the association between GCSA and the occurrence of gastric intolerance within 24 hours of the measurement. GCSA value was significantly higher in patients with upper digestive intolerance compared to those without (553 mm2 [interquartile range (IQR), 500-649 mm2] vs 970 mm2 [IQR, 777-1,047]; p < 0.001, respectively). The optimal threshold for predicting upper digestive intolerance was 720 mm2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.86; positive predictive value 62.5%; negative predictive value 96.4%; sensibility 0.91; and specificity 0.81). Multivariate analysis (weighted by propensity score), including known risk factors, showed that GCSA above the 720 mm2 threshold was independently associated with the occurrence of upper digestive intolerance (odds ratio, 1.85; 1.37-2.49; p < 0.0002). Measurement quality was "good" (i.e., liver, aorta, superior mesenteric vein, and pancreas were all visualized) in 81% of cases. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of GCSA by ultrasound would allow prediction of gastric intolerance in critically ill patients. This should be confirmed by a prospective score validation and interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel El Khoury
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Pardo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Paris, France
| | - Amelie Cambriel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Paris, France
| | - Francis Bonnet
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Paris, France
| | - Tai Pham
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre Hospital and Paris Saclay University, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Cholley
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou-Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, and Université Paris Cité, INSERM, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Quesnel
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Paris, France
| | - Franck Verdonk
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hôpital Saint-Antoine Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris and Sorbonne University, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Paris, France
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Pérez-Calatayud ÁA, Carillo-Esper R. Role of gastric ultrasound to guide enteral nutrition in the critically ill. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:114-119. [PMID: 36892960 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Early initiation of enteral nutrition (EN) is often not feasible due to the high prevalence of gastrointestinal dysfunction that constitutes one of the leading nonavoidable causes for discontinuing or delaying enteral feeding in critically ill. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of gastric ultrasound as a management and monitoring tool for enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. RECENT FINDINGS The ultrasound meal accommodation test, the gastrointestinal and urinary track sonography (GUTS), and other gastric ultrasound protocols used to diagnose and treat gastrointestinal dysfunction in critically ill patients have not changed the outcome. However, this intervention could help clinicians with accurate daily clinical decisions. The dynamic changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) diameter could help to access gastrointestinal dynamics results immediately, provide a valuable guide to initiate EN, predict feeding intolerance (FI), and aid in following treatment response. More studies are necessary to determine the complete scope and true added clinical value of these tests in critically ill patients. SUMMARY Using gastric point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is a noninvasive, radiation-free, and inexpensive method. Implementing the ultrasound meal accommodation test in ICU patients might become a step forward to ensure safe early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients.
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Marsman M, Kappen TH, Vernooij LM, van der Hout EC, van Waes JA, van Klei WA. Association of a Liberal Fasting Policy of Clear Fluids Before Surgery With Fasting Duration and Patient Well-being and Safety. JAMA Surg 2023; 158:254-263. [PMID: 36598762 PMCID: PMC9857800 DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.5867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Importance Current fasting guidelines for procedures under anesthesia are poorly implemented, leading to negative metabolic sequelae. Recent studies in children showed support of liberal clear fluid intake; adult physiology can support clear fluid intake, but implementation studies are lacking. Objective To evaluate the successfulness of implementation of a liberal clear fluid policy with regard to fasting duration, well-being, and safety in adults scheduled for anesthesia. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a quality improvement study conducted from January 2016 to July 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital in the Netherlands. Adults scheduled for nonemergency procedures under anesthesia were included in the study. Patients undergoing obstetrics procedures or those who were intubated preoperatively were excluded. Interventions Stepwise introduction of a liberal fluid fasting policy, allowing for ingestion of clear fluids until arrival at the operating room. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was change in fasting duration. Secondary outcomes were patient well-being, measured as preoperative thirst, amount of fluid ingested, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and administration of antiemetics. Safety was measured as incidence of regurgitation and aspiration (pneumonia). Results Of the 76 451 patients (mean [SD] age, 56 [17] years; 39 530 male individuals [52%] 36 921) included in the study, 59 036 (78%) followed the standard policy, and 16 815 (22%) followed the liberal policy. Time series analysis showed an estimated fasting duration decrease of 3:07 hours (IQR, 1:36-7:22; P < .001) after implementation of the liberal policy. Postimplementation median (IQR) fasting duration was 1:20 (0:48-2:24) hours. The incidence of regurgitation changed from 18 (95% CI, 14-21) to 24 (95% CI, 17-32) in 10 000 patients, and the incidence of aspiration changed from 1.7 (95% CI, 0.6-2.7) to 2.4 (95% CI, 0.5-4.7) in 10 000 patients. In the liberal policy, thirst feelings decreased (37% [4982 of 8615] vs 46% [3373 of 7362]; P < .001). PONV incidence decreased from 10.6% (6339 of 59 636) to 9.4% (1587 of 16 815; P < .001) and antiemetic administration decreased from 11.0% (6538 of 59 636) to 9.5% (1592 of 16 815; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this quality improvement study suggest that a liberal fasting policy was associated with a clinically relevant reduction in fasting duration and improved patient well-being with regard to preoperative thirst and PONV. Although a slightly higher incidence of regurgitation could not be ruled out, wider implementation of such a policy may be advocated as results are still within the clinically accepted risks margins. Results suggest that surgical procedures in patients who drink clear fluids within 2 hours before anticipated anesthesia should not be postponed or canceled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marije Marsman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Teus H. Kappen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Information Technology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette M. Vernooij
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Judith A. van Waes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wilton A. van Klei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Yuan Y, Shi G, Chen H, Wang M, Liu H, Zhang X, Wang B, Zhang G, Sun L. Effects of preoperative oral enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour solution on gastric emptying and insulin resistance in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Anesthesiol 2023; 23:52. [PMID: 36782111 PMCID: PMC9923920 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of preoperative oral carbohydrates (POC) on insulin resistance (IR) of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains debatable. Enzyme-hydrolyzed rice flour (EHR) is a kind of water-soluble micromolecular carbohydrates. This study aimed to investigate the impact of preoperative oral EHR solution on gastric emptying and IR in patients undergoing LC. METHODS Patients (n = 100) undergoing LC were divided into oral-water group (group C) or oral-EHR solution (group E) randomly (n = 50 each), and the patients drank 300 ml water or EHR solution 2-3 h before surgery respectively. Gastric emptying which was quantized by gastric volume (GV) from antrum ultrasonography, IR indicators, subjective comfort indicators, handgrip strength, postoperative recovery indexes, and complications were recorded. RESULTS There were no differences in GV between the two groups before oral administration (V0), immediately after oral administration (V1) and before anesthesia induction(V2). The GV at V2 (GV2) reduced to the level of V0 (GV0) in the two groups. Fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FINS) and Homa-IR in the two groups increased at postoperative day 1 (Pos 1d) compared with those at preoperative day 1(Pre 1d). Homa-IS and Homa-β in the two groups decreased at Pos 1d compared with those at Pre 1d. FG, FINS and Homa-IR in group E were lower than those in group C at Pos 1d, and Homa-IS and Homa-β were higher in group E than those in group C at Pos 1d. Subjective comfort indictors (hunger, fatigue and anxiety) in group E were lower than those in group C at preoperative 15 min (Pre 15 min) and postoperative 1 h (Pos 1 h). Handgrip strength in group E was raised compared with that in group C at Pre 15 min, Pos 1 h and Pos 1d. There was a lower incidence of nausea and earlier exhaust time in group E. CONCLUSION Oral 300 ml EHR solution 2-3 h before LC surgery did not increase the occurrence of reflux and aspiration during anesthesia induction with a normal gastric emptying, ameliorated postoperative IR, improved subjective comfort, and promoted postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered at the China Clinical Trial Registry, registration number: ChiCTR2000039939, date of registration:14/11/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- grid.415468.a0000 0004 1761 4893Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjun Shi
- grid.415468.a0000 0004 1761 4893Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Huailong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Eight People’s Hospital, Qingdao, 266041 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- grid.415468.a0000 0004 1761 4893Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Haofei Liu
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905 Graduate School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- grid.415468.a0000 0004 1761 4893Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- grid.415468.a0000 0004 1761 4893Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 Shandong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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