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Sahoo DK, Wong D, Patani A, Paital B, Yadav VK, Patel A, Jergens AE. Exploring the role of antioxidants in sepsis-associated oxidative stress: a comprehensive review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1348713. [PMID: 38510969 PMCID: PMC10952105 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1348713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition characterized by organ dysfunction caused by an imbalanced immune response to infection. Although an increased inflammatory response significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis, several molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of sepsis are associated with increased cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and exhausted antioxidant pathways. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the involvement of ROS in the pathophysiology of sepsis and the potential application of antioxidants with antimicrobial properties as an adjunct to primary therapies (fluid and antibiotic therapies) against sepsis. This article delves into the advantages and disadvantages associated with the utilization of antioxidants in the therapeutic approach to sepsis, which has been explored in a variety of animal models and clinical trials. While the application of antioxidants has been suggested as a potential therapy to suppress the immune response in cases where an intensified inflammatory reaction occurs, the use of multiple antioxidant agents can be beneficial as they can act additively or synergistically on different pathways, thereby enhancing the antioxidant defense. Furthermore, the utilization of immunoadjuvant therapy, specifically in septic patients displaying immunosuppressive tendencies, represents a promising advancement in sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - David Wong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Gujarat, India
| | - Biswaranjan Paital
- Redox Regulation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
| | - Albert E. Jergens
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Montero-Jodra A, de la Fuente MÁ, Gobelli D, Martín-Fernández M, Villar J, Tamayo E, Simarro M. The mitochondrial signature of cultured endothelial cells in sepsis: Identifying potential targets for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166946. [PMID: 37939908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the most common cause of death from infection in the world. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for patients with sepsis, and management relies on infection control and support of organ function. A better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of this syndrome will help to develop innovative therapies. In this regard, it has been widely reported that endothelial cell activation and dysfunction are major contributors to the development of sepsis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of emerging findings highlighting the prominent role of mitochondria in the endothelial response in in vitro experimental models of sepsis. Additionally, we discuss potential mitochondrial targets that have demonstrated protective effects in preclinical investigations against sepsis. These promising findings hold the potential to pave the way for future clinical trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Montero-Jodra
- Department of Surgery, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel de la Fuente
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Dino Gobelli
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Marta Martín-Fernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; BioCritic, Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jesús Villar
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo Tamayo
- Department of Surgery, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; BioCritic, Group for Biomedical Research in Critical Care Medicine, Valladolid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Simarro
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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3
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Christensen M, Liang M. Critical care: A concept analysis. Int J Nurs Sci 2023; 10:403-413. [PMID: 37545780 PMCID: PMC10401358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The terms critical care and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are often used interchangeably to describe a place of care. Defining critical care becomes challenging because of the colloquial use of the term. Using concept analysis allows for the development of definition and meaning. The aim of this concept analysis is to distinguish the use of the term critical care to develop an operational definition which describes what constitutes critical care. Method Walker and Avant's eight-step approach to concept analysis guided this study. Five databases (CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertation Abstracts and Medline in EBSCO) were searched for studies related to critical care. The search included both qualitative and quantitative studies written in English and published between 1990 and 2022. Results Of the 439 papers retrieved, 47 met the inclusion criteria. The defining attributes of critical care included 1) a maladaptive response to illness/injury, 2) admission modelling criteria, 3) advanced medical technologies, and 4) specialised health professionals. Antecedents were associated with illness/injury that progressed to a level of criticality with a significant decline in both physical and psychological functioning. Consequences were identified as either death or survival with/without experiencing post-ICU syndrome. Conclusion Describing critical care is often challenging because of the highly technical nature of the environment. This conceptual understanding and operational definition will inform future research as to the scope of critical care and allow for the design of robust evaluative instruments to better understand the nature of care in the intensive care environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Christensen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mining Liang
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
- The Interdisciplinary Centre for Qualitative Research, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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Targeting the alternative oxidase (AOX) for human health and food security, a pharmaceutical and agrochemical target or a rescue mechanism? Biochem J 2022; 479:1337-1359. [PMID: 35748702 PMCID: PMC9246349 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Some of the most threatening human diseases are due to a blockage of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). In a variety of plants, fungi, and prokaryotes, there is a naturally evolved mechanism for such threats to viability, namely a bypassing of the blocked portion of the ETC by alternative enzymes of the respiratory chain. One such enzyme is the alternative oxidase (AOX). When AOX is expressed, it enables its host to survive life-threatening conditions or, as in parasites, to evade host defenses. In vertebrates, this mechanism has been lost during evolution. However, we and others have shown that transfer of AOX into the genome of the fruit fly and mouse results in a catalytically engaged AOX. This implies that not only is the AOX a promising target for combating human or agricultural pathogens but also a novel approach to elucidate disease mechanisms or, in several cases, potentially a therapeutic cure for human diseases. In this review, we highlight the varying functions of AOX in their natural hosts and upon xenotopic expression, and discuss the resulting need to develop species-specific AOX inhibitors.
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Qiongyue Z, Xin Y, Meng P, Sulin M, Yanlin W, Xinyi L, Xuemin S. Post-treatment With Irisin Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis Mice Through Anti-Ferroptosis via the SIRT1/Nrf2 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:857067. [PMID: 35370723 PMCID: PMC8970707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.857067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney is one of the most vulnerable organs in sepsis, resulting in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), which brings about not only morbidity but also mortality of sepsis. Ferroptosis is a new kind of death type of cells elicited by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, which participates in pathogenesis of sepsis. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of ferroptosis in the SA-AKI pathogenesis and demonstrate that post-treatment with irisin could restrain ferroptosis and alleviate SA-AKI via activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. We established a SA-AKI model by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) operation and an in vitro model in LPS-induced HK2 cells, respectively. Our result exhibited that irisin inhibited the level of ferroptosis and ameliorated kidney injury in CLP mice, as evidenced by reducing the ROS production, iron content, and MDA level and increasing the GSH level, as well as the alteration of ferroptosis-related protein (GPX4 and ACSL4) expressions in renal, which was consistent with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Additionally, we consistently observed that irisin inhibited ROS accumulation, iron production, and ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, our result also revealed that irisin could activate SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathways both in vivo and vitro. However, the beneficial effects of irisin were weakened by EX527 (an inhibitor of SIRT1) in vivo and by SIRT1 siRNA in vitro. In conclusion, irisin could protect against SA-AKI through ferroptotic resistance via activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Qiongyue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Sulin
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wang Yanlin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xinyi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Xuemin
- Research Centre of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Jarrott B, Head R, Pringle KG, Lumbers ER, Martin JH. "LONG COVID"-A hypothesis for understanding the biological basis and pharmacological treatment strategy. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e00911. [PMID: 35029046 PMCID: PMC8929332 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection of humans with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus causes a disease known colloquially as “COVID‐19” with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. Initial pathology is due to the virus binding to the ACE‐2 protein on endothelial cells lining blood vessels and entering these cells in order to replicate. Viral replication causes oxidative stress due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species. Many (~60%) of the infected people appear to have eliminated the virus from their body after 28 days and resume normal activity. However, a significant proportion (~40%) experience a variety of symptoms (loss of smell and/or taste, fatigue, cough, aching pain, “brain fog,” insomnia, shortness of breath, and tachycardia) after 12 weeks and are diagnosed with a syndrome named “LONG COVID.” Longitudinal clinical studies in a group of subjects who were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 have been compared to a non‐infected matched group of subjects. A cohort of infected subjects can be identified by a battery of cytokine markers to have persistent, low level grade of inflammation and often self‐report two or more troubling symptoms. There is no drug that will relieve their symptoms effectively. It is hypothesized that drugs that activate the intracellular transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (NRF2) may increase the expression of enzymes to synthesize the intracellular antioxidant, glutathione that will quench free radicals causing oxidative stress. The hormone melatonin has been identified as an activator of NRF2 and a relatively safe chemical for most people to ingest chronically. Thus, it is an option for consideration of re‐purposing studies in “LONG COVID” subjects experiencing insomnia, depression, fatigue, and “brain fog” but not tachycardia. Appropriately designed clinical trials are required to evaluate melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevyn Jarrott
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience & Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Head
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsty G Pringle
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eugenie R Lumbers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Martin
- Centre for Drug Repurposing and Medicines Research, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
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Wei S, Bi J, Yang L, Zhang J, Wan Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. Serum irisin levels are decreased in patients with sepsis, and exogenous irisin suppresses ferroptosis in the liver of septic mice. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e173. [PMID: 32997405 PMCID: PMC7522760 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis remains a major health issue without an effective therapy. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent programmed cell death, has been proposed to be related to the pathogenesis of sepsis. Irisin, a myokine released during exercise, improves mitochondrial function under various conditions. Ferroptosis is closely related to mitochondrial function. However, the role of irisin in sepsis-induced ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in the liver remained unknown. Thus, we hypothesize that irisin treatment suppresses ferroptosis and improves mitochondrial function in sepsis. METHODS To study this, we first explored the role of serum irisin levels in patients with sepsis, and then determined the effect of irisin administration on ferroptosis and mitochondrial function in the liver of septic mice. RESULTS Serum irisin levels were decreased and negatively correlated with the APACHE II scores in patients with sepsis. In mice subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), exogenous irisin administration suppressed ferroptosis, inhibited inflammatory response, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, restored abnormal mitochondrial morphology, and increased mtDNA copy number and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. The effect of irisin on ferroptosis was confirmed in LPS-treated hepatocytes and CLP-induced septic mice. Inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a central regulator of ferroptosis, reduced irisin's protective effects in LPS-treated hepatocytes and CLP-induced septic mice, while blocking the irisin receptor with RGD peptide or Echistain decreased irisin-induced GPX4 expression. CONCLUSIONS Serum irisin levels are decreased and negatively correlated with disease severity in patients with sepsis, and irisin treatment suppresses ferroptosis and restores mitochondrial function in experimental sepsis. Irisin may offer therapeutic potential in the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wei
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Lifei Yang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yafeng Wan
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Xue Chen
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yawen Wang
- BioBank, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative MedicineShaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical EngineeringFirst Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi ProvinceChina
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Akinci E, Cha M, Lin L, Yeo G, Hamilton MC, Donahue CJ, Bermudez-Cabrera HC, Zanetti LC, Chen M, Barkal SA, Khowpinitchai B, Chu N, Velimirovic M, Jodhani R, Fife JD, Sovrovic M, Cole PA, Davey RA, Cassa CA, Sherwood RI. Elucidation of remdesivir cytotoxicity pathways through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening and transcriptomics. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.08.27.270819. [PMID: 32869031 PMCID: PMC7457617 DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.27.270819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine analogue remdesivir has emerged as a front-line antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2, with preliminary evidence that it reduces the duration and severity of illness1.Prior clinical studies have identified adverse events1,2, and remdesivir has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial RNA polymerase in biochemical experiments7, yet little is known about the specific genetic pathways involved in cellular remdesivir metabolism and cytotoxicity. Through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening and RNA sequencing, we show that remdesivir treatment leads to a repression of mitochondrial respiratory activity, and we identify five genes whose loss significantly reduces remdesivir cytotoxicity. In particular, we show that loss of the mitochondrial nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 mitigates remdesivir toxicity without a commensurate decrease in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral potency and that the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 is a remdesivir kinase required for remdesivir efficacy and toxicity. This work elucidates the cellular mechanisms of remdesivir metabolism and provides a candidate gene target to reduce remdesivir cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ersin Akinci
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Minsun Cha
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Lin Lin
- Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Grace Yeo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marisa C Hamilton
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Callie J Donahue
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Heysol C Bermudez-Cabrera
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Larissa C Zanetti
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Maggie Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Sammy A Barkal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Benyapa Khowpinitchai
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Nam Chu
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Minja Velimirovic
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Rikita Jodhani
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - James D Fife
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Miha Sovrovic
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Philip A Cole
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Robert A Davey
- Department of Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratories, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Christopher A Cassa
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Richard I Sherwood
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Mitochondrial Dysregulation in Sepsis: A Literature Review. CLIN NURSE SPEC 2020; 34:170-177. [PMID: 32541603 DOI: 10.1097/nur.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until 2016, the condition Sepsis was widely understood to be the systemic immune response syndrome in the presence or suspicion of an infectious source. Systemic immune response syndrome, an adaptive response, has been repeatedly demonstrated to lack specificity for sepsis. The current definition of sepsis describes a dysregulated host response to infection, yet the dysregulated nature of the response has yet to be defined. Successful recognition and management of sepsis are critically dependent on understanding and operationalizing the definition of sepsis. OBJECTIVE The authors sought to review the current literature on sepsis and its relationship to oxygen downregulation within the mitochondria along the electron transport chain. METHODS Articles retrieved from databases PubMed and CINAHL, pertaining to human cells, post 2001, in English, original experimental, quasi-experimental, or cohort design. Articles were selected and retrieved by the first author and synthesized by both authors. RESULTS The 10 articles included in the review were all bench science cellular studies. They demonstrated consistent, statistically significant differences when investigating mitochondrial oxygen downregulation in sepsis versus control, offering strong, statistically significant support for the hypothesis of mitochondrial dysregulation in the septic host. CONCLUSIONS The evidence makes a compelling case for mitochondrial dysregulation to inform the current definition of sepsis as a dysregulated host response. As the evidence points to a linear, progressive time/exposure-dependent disruption in oxygen downregulation in sepsis at the cellular level, it lends credence to the recommendations for early intervention and its relationship with survivability. Time is not on the side of the individual with sepsis.
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10
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Minter BE, Lowes DA, Webster NR, Galley HF. Differential Effects of MitoVitE, α-Tocopherol and Trolox on Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Signalling Pathways in Endothelial Cells Cultured under Conditions Mimicking Sepsis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E195. [PMID: 32110961 PMCID: PMC7139367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated differential effects of three forms of vitamin E, which accumulate in different cellular compartments, on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mRNA and protein expression profiles associated with the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) -2 and -4 pathways. Human endothelial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/peptidoglycan G (PepG) to mimic sepsis, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, or Trolox. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were measured. NFκB-P65, total and phosphorylated inhibitor of NFκB alpha (NFκBIA), and STAT-3 in nuclear extracts, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production in culture supernatants and cellular mRNA expression of 32 genes involved in Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 pathways were measured. Exposure to LPS/PepG caused increased total radical production (p = 0.022), decreased glutathione ratio (p = 0.016), reduced membrane potential and metabolic activity (both p < 0.0001), increased nuclear NFκB-P65 expression (p = 0.016) and increased IL-6/8 secretion (both p < 0.0001). MitoVitE, α- tocopherol and Trolox were similar in reducing oxidative stress, NFκB activation and interleukin secretion. MitoVitE had widespread downregulatory effects on gene expression. Despite differences in site of actions, all forms of vitamin E were protective under conditions mimicking sepsis. These results challenge the concept that protection inside mitochondria provides better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen F. Galley
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB41 8TJ, UK; (B.E.M.); (D.A.L.); (N.R.W.)
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Bai YY, Yan D, Zhou HY, Li WX, Lou YY, Zhou XR, Qian LB, Xiao C. Betulinic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity in the rat aorta by modulating Nrf2 antioxidative function. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:165-174. [PMID: 31352642 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid, has been reported to inhibit cardiovascular dysfunction under sepsis-induced oxidative stress. Nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2 (Nrf2) is regarded as a key transcription factor regulating expression of endogenous antioxidative genes. To explore the preventive effects of BA against vascular hyporeactivity and the related antioxidative mechanism in sepsis, contraction and relaxation in aortas isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged rats were performed. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with brusatol (Bru, 0.4 mg/kg/2 days, i.p.), an inhibitor of Nrf2, and BA (10, 25, 50 mg/kg/day, i.g.) for 3 days and injected with LPS (10 mg/kg, i.p.) at the 4th day. Rats were anesthetized and killed by cervical dislocation after they were treated with LPS for 4 h. Thoracic aortas were immediately dissected out to determine contraction and relaxation using the organ bath system. Pro-inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and oxidative stress were measured in aortic tissues and plasma. mRNA expression of Nrf2-regulated antioxidative enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in rat aortas was determined. Increases of IL-1β, TNF-α, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde and the decrease of glutathione induced by LPS were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with different doses of BA in plasma and aortas (p < 0.05 versus LPS), all of which were blocked by Bru (p < 0.01). Inhibition of phenylephrine (PE)- and KCl-induced contractions and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilatation in aortas from LPS-challenged rats was dose-dependently reduced by BA (p < 0.05; percentage improvements by BA in PE-induced contraction were 55.38%, 96.41%, and 104.33%; those in KCl-induced contraction were 15.11%, 23.96%, and 22.96%; and those in ACh-induced vasodilatation were 16.08%, 42.99%, and 47.97%), all of which were reversed by Bru (p < 0.01). Improvements of SOD, GPx, and HO-1 mRNA expression conferred by BA in LPS-challenged rat aortas were inhibited by Bru (p < 0.01; 145.45% versus 17.42%, 160.69% versus 22.76%, and 166.88% versus 23.57%). These findings suggest that BA attenuates impairments of aortic contraction and relaxation in LPS-challenged rats by activating Nrf2-regulated antioxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Bai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- School of Radiology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- School of Radiology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Hui-Ying Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- School of Radiology, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wei-Xin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Yang-Yun Lou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Chi Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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12
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Chen DF, Cui XZ, Cao WM, Meng W. Neutrophil Cytosolic Factor 1 Contributes to the Development of Sepsis. Inflammation 2019; 42:811-817. [PMID: 30465301 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To identify differentially expressed genes in sepsis and potential key role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) genes associated with sepsis. Gene expression dataset was available from GSE46599. Firstly, we screened the differentially expressed genes between sepsis and healthy samples. Then, the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tools were utilized to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses at the functional level. Differentially expressed genes mediating ROS levels were validated in the next investigation and analysis. We identified 1094 genes expressed differentially between normal and sepsis samples, including 655 upregulated genes and 439 downregulated genes. At the functional level, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that those differentially expressed genes were majorly associated with the immune response and metabolic process in sepsis. Further analysis revealed that neutrophil cytosolic factor 1(NCF1), a critical gene in the ROS system, upregulated in THP-1 cell and monocytes under lipopolysaccharides stimulation. Moreover, we identified the upregulation of NCF1 in a sepsis model. We screened the differentially expressed genes from the global level and identified NCF1 might be a critical target gene in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dei-Fang Chen
- The Outpatient Department of Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Cui
- The Surgical Department of Jinan First People Hospital, Jinan First People Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Wen-Ming Cao
- The Gynecology Department of Changle County People's Hospital, Changle County People's Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Meng
- The Intravenous Drug Centralization Division of Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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13
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Dai XG, Xu W, Li T, Lu JY, Yang Y, Li Q, Zeng ZH, Ai YH. Involvement of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy in septic acute kidney injury. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:2340-2347. [PMID: 31567378 PMCID: PMC6819035 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have reported mitophagy activation in renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) in acute kidney injury (AKI). Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin are involved in mitophagy regulation; however, little is known about the role of PINK1-Parkin mitophagy in septic AKI. Here we investigated whether the PINK1-Parkin mitophagy pathway is involved in septic AKI and its effects on cell apoptosis in vitro and on renal functions in vivo. METHODS Mitophagy-related gene expression was determined using Western blot assay in human RTEC cell line HK-2 stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and in RTECs from septic AKI rats induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). Autophagy-related ultrastructural features in rat RTECs were observed using electron microscopy. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were performed to investigate the role of the PINK1-Parkin pathway in HK-2 cell mitophagy. Autophagy activators and inhibitors were used to assess the effects of mitophagy modulation on cell apoptosis in vitro and on renal functions in vivo. RESULTS LPS stimulation could significantly induce LC3-II and BECN-1 protein expression (LC3-II: 1.72 ± 0.05 vs. 1.00 ± 0.05, P < 0.05; BECN-1: 5.33 ± 0.57 vs. 1.00 ± 0.14, P < 0.05) at 4 h in vitro. Similarly, LC3-II, and BECN-1 protein levels were significantly increased and peaked at 2 h after CLP (LC3-II: 3.33 ± 0.12 vs. 1.03 ± 0.15, P < 0.05; BECN-1: 1.57 ± 0.26 vs. 1.02 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) in vivo compared with those after sham operation. Mitochondrial deformation and mitolysosome-mediated mitochondria clearance were observed in RTECs from septic rats. PINK1 knockdown significantly attenuated LC3-II protein expression (1.35 ± 0.21 vs. 2.38 ± 0.22, P < 0.05), whereas PINK1 overexpression markedly enhanced LC3-II protein expression (2.07 ± 0.21 vs. 1.29 ± 0.19, P < 0.05) compared with LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells. LPS-induced proapoptotic protein expression remained unchanged in autophagy activator-treated HK-2 cells and was significantly attenuated in PINK1-overexpressing cells, but was remarkably upregulated in autophagy inhibitor-treated and in PINK1-depleted cells. Consistent results were observed in flow cytometric apoptosis assay and in renal function indicators in rats. CONCLUSION PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy might play a protective role in septic AKI, serving as a potential therapeutic target for septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Gui Dai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Jia-Ying Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yu-Hang Ai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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14
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Wu Y, Yao YM, Lu ZQ. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets in sepsis-induced multiple organ failure. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:451-462. [PMID: 30788535 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01756-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a dysregulated response to severe infection characterized by life-threatening organ failure and is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Multiple organ failure is the central characteristic of sepsis and is associated with poor outcome of septic patients. Ultrastructural damage to the mitochondria and mitochondrial dysfunction are reported in sepsis. Mitochondrial dysfunction with subsequent ATP deficiency, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and cytochrome c release are all considered to contribute to organ failure. Consistent mitochondrial dysfunction leads to reduced mitochondrial quality control capacity, which eliminates dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis. Mitochondrial quality is controlled through a series of processes including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and transport processes. Several studies have indicated that multiple organ failure is ameliorated by restoring mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and is further amplified by defective quality control mechanisms. This review will focus on advances concerning potential mechanisms in regulating mitochondrial quality control and impacts of mitochondrial quality control on the progression of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical Care and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China. .,College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Pan S, Wu Y, Pei L, Li S, Song L, Xia H, Wang Y, Yu Y, Yang X, Shu H, Zhang J, Yuan S, Shang Y. BML-111 Reduces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Mice With Sepsis via the SIRT1/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:267. [PMID: 30186119 PMCID: PMC6110933 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening state of organ dysfunction caused by infection and which can induce severe neurological disorders that lead to neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. Inflammation has been reported to cause neuronal apoptosis in sepsis, which can finally lead to cognitive impairment. Previous studies have suggested that BML-111 can exhibit anti-inflammatory and proresolution activities. Additionally, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) can inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in an inflammation state. However, the role of the SIRT1/NF-κB signaling pathway in the protective effects of BML-111 against sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of BML-111 on neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment induced by sepsis. Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or a sham operation. BML-111 was administered via intracerebroventricular injection (0.1 mg/kg) immediately after CLP. Boc-2 (50 μg/kg) was administered intracerebroventricularly 30 min before CLP, and EX527 (10 μg) was administered every 2 days for a total of three times before CLP, also intracerebroventricularly. Some of the surviving mice underwent open-field, novel-object-recognition, and fear-conditioning behavioral tests at 7 days after surgery. Some of the other surviving mice were killed at 24 h after surgery to assess synaptic damage (PSD95 and Synapsin1), markers of inflammation [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β], cytoplasmic p65, nuclear p65, Ac- NF-κB and SIRT1. At 48 h after CLP, TUNEL and glia-activation by immunofluorescence investigations were performed on a separate cohort of surviving animals. The results suggested that sepsis resulted in cognitive impairment, which was accompanied by the decreased the expression of PSD95 and Synapsin1, increased amount of TUNEL-positive cells and the activation of glias, increased production of TNF-α and IL-1β, increased expression of nuclear p65, Ac- NF-κB, and decreased expression of SIRT1 and cytoplasmic p65. It is especially notable that these abnormalities could be reduced by BML-111 treatment. EX527, an SIRT1 inhibitor, abolished the effects of BML-111. These results demonstrate that BML-111 can reduce the neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment induced by sepsis via SIRT/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Neurobiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Limin Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haifa Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqing Shu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Shang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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16
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Chen GD, Zhang JL, Chen YT, Zhang JX, Wang T, Zeng QY. Insulin alleviates mitochondrial oxidative stress involving upregulation of superoxide dismutase 2 and uncoupling protein 2 in septic acute kidney injury. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3967-3975. [PMID: 29563990 PMCID: PMC5858081 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of insulin on mitochondrial oxidative stress in septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control group, sham surgery group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, and CLP plus insulin group. Blood specimens and kidney tissues were obtained at 12 and 24 h after surgery as separate experiments. Analyses of histology and indicators of renal injury [blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (CRE) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)], mitochondrial function [adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)], oxidative stress [inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO)], endogenous antioxidant systems [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH)] as well as the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP), PINK1 protein (a major mediator of mitophagy), PGC1α protein (a major regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis) were performed. Compared with CLP group, the CLP plus insulin group had milder histological damage, higher levels of ATP and MMP as well as lower levels of BUN, serum CRE and NGAL, intrarenal iNOS, mitochondrial ROS and total NO. Moreover, the CLP plus insulin group demonstrated increased expression of SOD2 and UCP2. In contrast, insulin administration suppressed mitophagy meanwhile did not upregulate total GSH and induce mitochondrial biogenesis following CLP. These findings indicated that the upregulation of SOD2 and UCP2 may be involved in insulin protecting against mitochondrial oxidative stress in septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Dao Chen
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Liang Zhang
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China.,Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Ju-Xing Zhang
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Yi Zeng
- Center of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P.R. China
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17
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Improved Survival in a Long-Term Rat Model of Sepsis Is Associated With Reduced Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake Despite Increased Energetic Demand. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e840-e848. [PMID: 28410346 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between prognosis, changes in mitochondrial calcium uptake, and bioenergetic status in the heart during sepsis. DESIGN In vivo and ex vivo controlled experimental studies. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male adult Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of fecal slurry. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Confocal microscopy was used to study functional and bioenergetic parameters in cardiomyocytes isolated after 24-hour sepsis. Electron microscopy was used to characterize structural changes in mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum. The functional response to dobutamine was assessed in vivo by echocardiography. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Peak aortic blood flow velocity measured at 24 hours was a good discriminator for 72-hour survival (area under the receiver operator characteristic, 0.84 ± 0.1; p = 0.03) and was used in ex vivo experiments at 24 hours to identify septic animals with good prognosis. Measurements from animals with good prognostic showed 1) a smaller increase in mitochondrial calcium content and in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide fluorescence following pacing and 2) increased distance between mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum on electron microscopy, and 3) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide redox potential and adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate failed to reach a new steady state following pacing, suggesting impaired matching of energy supply and demand. In vivo, good prognosis animals had a blunted response to dobutamine with respect to stroke volume and kinetic energy. CONCLUSIONS In situations of higher energetic demand decreased mitochondrial calcium uptake may constitute an adaptive cellular response that confers a survival advantage in response to sepsis at a cost of decreased oxidative capacity.
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18
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Abd El-Latif AAEA, Sayed AA, Soliman AM, Fahmy SR. Exploration of the therapeutic potential effect of Sepia officinalis in animal model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Injury 2016; 47:2709-2717. [PMID: 27743598 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present investigation explored the therapeutic potential effect of Sepia officinalis body tissue (SOBT) and Sepia officinalis polysaccharide (SOP) extracts, in animal model of sepsis [induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)]. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental animals were divided into 4 groups, Group 1: Sham control rats. Group 2: Septic rats. Group 3: Septic rats treated with methanolic extract of Sepia officinalis body tissue (SOBT) (500mg/kg body weight) for 2days. Group 4: Septic rats treated with Sepia officinalis polysaccharide (SOP) extract (200mg/kg body weight) for 2days. RESULTS The antioxidant activity of SOBT and SOP was proven by DPPH test. CLP-induced liver and kidney toxicities showed by an increase in the ALAT, ASAT, γGT, ALP, creatinine, BUN and uric acid concentrations in serum. Moreover, CLP-induced oxidative stress in liver and kidney evidenced by the increase of MDA levels, decrease in GSH concentrations and decrease in the enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GST). In addition, CLP caused decrease in CYP1A2 content in liver. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of SOBT and SOP in liver and kidney disorders. Therefore this study suggests that SOBT and SOP could be a potential therapeutic agents for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amany Ahmed Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt.
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19
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Neri M, Riezzo I, Pomara C, Schiavone S, Turillazzi E. Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress and Myocardial Dysfunctions in Sepsis: Evidence from the Literature and Postmortem Observations. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:3423450. [PMID: 27274621 PMCID: PMC4870364 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3423450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial depression in sepsis is common, and it is associated with higher mortality. In recent years, the hypothesis that the myocardial dysfunction during sepsis could be mediated by ischemia related to decreased coronary blood flow waned and a complex mechanism was invoked to explain cardiac dysfunction in sepsis. Oxidative stress unbalance is thought to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cardiac impairment in septic patients. AIM In this paper, we review the current literature regarding the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis, focusing on the possible role of oxidative-nitrosative stress unbalance and mitochondria dysfunction. We discuss these mechanisms within the broad scenario of cardiac involvement in sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current literature broaden our understanding of the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress unbalance in the pathophysiology of cardiac dysfunction in sepsis, thus contributing to the establishment of a relationship between these settings and the occurrence of oxidative stress. The complex pathogenesis of septic cardiac failure may explain why, despite the therapeutic strategies, sepsis remains a big clinical challenge for effectively managing the disease to minimize mortality, leading to consideration of the potential therapeutic effects of antioxidant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Neri
- Institute of Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - I. Riezzo
- Institute of Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - C. Pomara
- Institute of Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - S. Schiavone
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via L. Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - E. Turillazzi
- Institute of Forensic Pathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Ospedale Colonnello D'Avanzo, Viale degli Aviatori 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy
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