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Koutsogiannaki S, Limratana P, Bu W, Maisat W, McKinstry-Wu A, Han X, Ohto U, Eckenhoff RG, Soriano SG, Yuki K. Dexmedetomidine directly binds to and inhibits Toll-like receptor 4. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 141:112975. [PMID: 39163686 PMCID: PMC11408083 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a number of anesthetics has been shown potentially associated with neurotoxicity in the developing brain, dexmedetomidine, a drug that was rather recently introduced into the perioperative setting, is considered beneficial from neurological wellbeing. However, the underlying mechanism of how dexmedetomidine affects brain health remains to be determined. Based on our recent study, we hypothesized that dexmedetomidine would directly bind to and inhibit Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a critical receptor largely expressed in microglia and responsible for neurological insult. METHODS We used TLR4 reporter assays to test if dexmedetomidine attenuates TLR4 activation. Furthermore, a direct binding of dexmedetomidine on TLR4 was tested using photoactivatable medetomidine. Lastly, the effect of dexmedetomidine on ketamine (anesthetic)-induced neurotoxicity was tested in rat pups (P7). RESULTS We showed that dexmedetomidine attenuated TLR4 activation using reporter assay (IC50 = 5.8 µg/mL). Photoactivatable dexmedetomidine delineated its direct binding sites on TLR4. We also showed that dexmedetomidine attenuated microglia activation both in vitro and in vivo. DISCUSSION We proposed a novel mechanism of dexmedetomidine-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Panop Limratana
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Weiming Bu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wiriya Maisat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andrew McKinstry-Wu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Xiaohui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Umeharu Ohto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Roderic G Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Sulpicio G Soriano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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2
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Ghasemi M, Mehranfard N. Neuroprotective actions of norepinephrine in neurological diseases. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1703-1725. [PMID: 39136758 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Precise control of norepinephrine (NE) levels and NE-receptor interaction is crucial for proper function of the brain. Much evidence for this view comes from experimental studies that indicate an important role for NE in the pathophysiology and treatment of various conditions, including cognitive dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and sleep disorders. NE provides neuroprotection against several types of insults in multiple ways. It abrogates oxidative stress, attenuates neuroinflammatory responses in neurons and glial cells, reduces neuronal and glial cell activity, promotes autophagy, and ameliorates apoptotic responses to a variety of insults. It is beneficial for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases because it improves the generation of neurotrophic factors, promotes neuronal survival, and plays an important role in the regulation of adult neurogenesis. This review aims to present the evidence supporting a principal role for NE in neuroprotection, and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Ghasemi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mehranfard
- Nanokadeh Darooee Samen Private Joint Stock Company, Shafa Street, Urmia, 5715793731, Iran.
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3
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Ozkan Zarif N, Arayici S, Celik K, Kihtir Z, Ongun H. Intranasal dexmedetomidine reduces pain scores in preterm infants during retinopathy of prematurity screening. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1441324. [PMID: 39156022 PMCID: PMC11327139 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1441324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of intranasal dexmedetomidine in reducing pain scores during retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening examinations in preterm infants. Methods Infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestational age, undergoing routine ROP examinations in the neonatal intensive care unit, were included in the study and divided into two groups: the standard protocol group (n = 43) and the dexmedetomidine group (n = 56), over a 1-year period. Both groups received standard procedural preparation including swaddling, oral dextrose, and topical anesthesia with proparacaine. The dexmedetomidine group additionally received intranasal dexmedetomidine at a dose of 1 mcg/kg before the procedure. Pain scores (PIPP score), heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation were compared at baseline, 1-min, and 5-min during the procedure. Results There were no significant differences between the groups regarding descriptive and pre-procedure characteristics. In the dexmedetomidine group, the median (25-75p) PIPP score, heart rate, systolic blood pressure and mean (±SD) respiratory rate measured at the 1st minute of the procedure were significantly lower than those in the standard group [PIPP score 10 (8-13) vs. 14 (10-16), p < 0.001; heart rate 165 (153-176) beats/min vs. 182 (17-190) beats/min, p < 0.001; respiratory rate 60 (±7) breaths/min vs. 65(±9) breaths/min, p = 0.002; systolic blood pressure 78 (70-92) mmHg vs. 87 (78-96) mmHg, p = 0.024; respectively] whereas the saturation value was significantly higher (88% (81-95) vs. 84% (70-92), p = 0.036; respectively). By the 5th minute of the procedure, the median (25-75p) PIPP score [4 (2-6) vs. 6 (4-10), p < 0.001], heart rate [148 (143-166) beats/min vs. 162 (152-180) beats/min, p = 0.001] and respiratory rate [56 (54-58) breaths/min vs. 58 (54-62) breaths/min, p = 0.034] were significantly lower, and the saturation level was significantly higher [96% (94-97) vs. 93% (91-96), p = 0.003] in the dexmedetomidine group. Additionally, the frequency of adverse effects was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group compared to the standard protocol group (11% vs. 47%, p = 0.001). Conclusion Administering intranasal dexmedetomidine before ROP screening examinations was associated with a decrease in pain scores among preterm infants. This suggests its potential as an effective and well-tolerated method for pain management during ROP screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sema Arayici
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
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Leinonen H, Zhang J, Occelli LM, Seemab U, Choi EH, L P Marinho LF, Querubin J, Kolesnikov AV, Galinska A, Kordecka K, Hoang T, Lewandowski D, Lee TT, Einstein EE, Einstein DE, Dong Z, Kiser PD, Blackshaw S, Kefalov VJ, Tabaka M, Foik A, Petersen-Jones SM, Palczewski K. A combination treatment based on drug repurposing demonstrates mutation-agnostic efficacy in pre-clinical retinopathy models. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5943. [PMID: 39009597 PMCID: PMC11251169 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinopathies are devastating diseases that in most cases lack treatment options. Disease-modifying therapies that mitigate pathophysiology regardless of the underlying genetic lesion are desirable due to the diversity of mutations found in such diseases. We tested a systems pharmacology-based strategy that suppresses intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ activity via G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) modulation using tamsulosin, metoprolol, and bromocriptine coadministration. The treatment improves cone photoreceptor function and slows degeneration in Pde6βrd10 and RhoP23H/WT retinitis pigmentosa mice. Cone degeneration is modestly mitigated after a 7-month-long drug infusion in PDE6A-/- dogs. The treatment also improves rod pathway function in an Rpe65-/- mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis but does not protect from cone degeneration. RNA-sequencing analyses indicate improved metabolic function in drug-treated Rpe65-/- and rd10 mice. Our data show that catecholaminergic GPCR drug combinations that modify second messenger levels via multiple receptor actions provide a potential disease-modifying therapy against retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Leinonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Laurence M Occelli
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Umair Seemab
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elliot H Choi
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Janice Querubin
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Alexander V Kolesnikov
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Anna Galinska
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kordecka
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Thanh Hoang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Dominik Lewandowski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Timothy T Lee
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Elliott E Einstein
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - David E Einstein
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Zhiqian Dong
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Philip D Kiser
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Research Service, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, Long Beach, California, 90822, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Vladimir J Kefalov
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Marcin Tabaka
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Foik
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Xu W, Wei H, Zhang T. Methods of prolonging the effect of caudal block in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1406263. [PMID: 38887564 PMCID: PMC11180814 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1406263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Caudal epidural blockade is one of the most frequently administered regional anesthesia techniques in children. It is a supplement during general anesthesia and for providing postoperative analgesia in pediatrics for sub-umbilical surgeries, especially for genitourinary surgeries. However, the duration of the analgesic effect is occasionally unsatisfactory. In this review, we discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of different techniques to prolong postoperative analgesia for single-injection caudal blockade in children. A literature search of the keywords "caudal", "analgesia", "pediatric", and "children" was performed using PubMed and Web of Science databases. We highlight that analgesic quality correlates substantially with the local anesthetic's type, dose, the timing relationship between caudal block and surgery, caudal catheterization, and administration of epidural opioids or other adjuvant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Ruan Y, Buonfiglio F, Gericke A. Adrenoceptors in the Eye - Physiological and Pathophysiological Relevance. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 285:453-505. [PMID: 38082203 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in the innervation of the eye. Consequently, it comes as no surprise that catecholamines and their corresponding receptors have been extensively studied and characterized in numerous ocular structures, including the cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland, trabecular meshwork, uvea, and retina. These investigations have unveiled substantial clinical implications, particularly in the context of treating glaucoma, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder responsible for irreversible vision loss on a global scale. The primary therapeutic approaches for glaucoma frequently involve the modulation of α1-, α2-, and β-adrenoceptors, making them pivotal targets. In this chapter, we offer a comprehensive overview of the expression, distribution, and functional roles of adrenoceptors within various components of the eye and its associated structures. Additionally, we delve into the pivotal role of adrenoceptors in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Furthermore, we provide a concise historical perspective on adrenoceptor research, examine the distinct contributions of individual adrenoceptor subtypes to the treatment of various ocular conditions, and propose potential future avenues of exploration in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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7
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Sitnikova E. Adrenergic mechanisms of absence status epilepticus. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1298310. [PMID: 38073616 PMCID: PMC10703303 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1298310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Absence status epilepticus is a prolonged, generalized absence seizure that lasts more than half an hour. The mechanisms underlying the absence of status epilepticus are still not entirely understood. In this study, the study concentrates on alpha2-adrenergic mechanisms of absence status using the WAG/Rij rat model. In this model, a prolonged spike-wave activity was associated with a specific behavioral state in transition between sedation («alpha2-wakefulness»)-resembled absence status in human patients. Pharmacological activation of alpha2-adrenoreceptors may target the locus coeruleus (presynaptic alpha2-adrenoreceptors) and the thalamic part of the seizure-generating thalamocortical system (postsynaptic alpha2B-adrenoreceptors). The duration of EEG-behavioral correlates of absence status was not dose-dependent and was predetermined by the intensity of absence seizures at baseline. This model could help scientists better understand the underlying causes of absence status and develop more effective and personalized treatments for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Sitnikova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Ji D, Karlik J. Neurotoxic Impact of Individual Anesthetic Agents on the Developing Brain. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1779. [PMID: 36421228 PMCID: PMC9689007 DOI: 10.3390/children9111779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the safety of anesthetic agents in children arose after animal studies revealed disruptions in neurodevelopment after exposure to commonly used anesthetic drugs. These animal studies revealed that volatile inhalational agents, propofol, ketamine, and thiopental may have detrimental effects on neurodevelopment and cognitive function, but dexmedetomidine and xenon have been shown to have neuroprotective properties. The neurocognitive effects of benzodiazepines have not been extensively studied, so their effects on neurodevelopment are undetermined. However, experimental animal models may not truly represent the pathophysiological processes in children. Multiple landmark studies, including the MASK, PANDA, and GAS studies have provided reassurance that brief exposure to anesthesia is not associated with adverse neurocognitive outcomes in infants and children, regardless of the type of anesthetic agent used.
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Longhitano L, Distefano A, Murabito P, Astuto M, Nicolosi A, Buscema G, Sanfilippo F, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Bruni A, Garofalo E, Tibullo D, Volti GL. Propofol and α2-Agonists Attenuate Microglia Activation and Restore Mitochondrial Function in an In Vitro Model of Microglia Hypoxia/Reoxygenation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091682. [PMID: 36139756 PMCID: PMC9495359 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular ischemia is a common clinical disease encompassing a series of complex pathophysiological processes in which oxidative stress plays a major role. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Dexmedetomidine, Clonidine, and Propofol in a model of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Microglial cells were exposed to 1%hypoxia for 3 h and reoxygenated for 3 h, and oxidative stress was measured by ROS formation and the expression of inflammatory process genes. Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by membrane potential maintenance and the levels of various metabolites involved in energetic metabolism. The results showed that Propofol and α2-agonists attenuate the formation of ROS during hypoxia and after reoxygenation. Furthermore, the α2-agonists treatment restored membrane potential to values comparable to the normoxic control and were both more effective than Propofol. At the same time, Propofol, but not α2-agonists, reduces proliferation (Untreated Hypoxia = 1.16 ± 0.2, Untreated 3 h Reoxygenation = 1.28 ± 0.01 vs. Propofol hypoxia = 1.01 ± 0.01 vs. Propofol 3 h Reoxygenation = 1.12 ± 0.03) and microglial migration. Interestingly, all of the treatments reduced inflammatory gene and protein expressions and restored energy metabolism following hypoxia/reoxygenation (ATP content in hypoxia/reoxygenation 3 h: Untreated = 3.11 ± 0.8 vs. Propofol = 7.03 ± 0.4 vs. Dexmedetomidine = 5.44 ± 0.8 vs. Clonidine = 7.70 ± 0.1), showing that the drugs resulted in a different neuroprotective profile. In conclusion, our results may provide clinically relevant insights for neuroprotective strategies in intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Longhitano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Murabito
- Unità Operativa Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, Azienda Universitaria “Policlinico G. Rodolico” Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Marinella Astuto
- Unità Operativa Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, Azienda Universitaria “Policlinico G. Rodolico” Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Nicolosi
- Azienda Ospedaliera “Cannizzaro”, Via Messina 628, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Buscema
- Unità Operativa Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, Azienda Universitaria “Policlinico G. Rodolico” Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Sanfilippo
- Unità Operativa Complessa Anestesia e Rianimazione 2, Azienda Universitaria “Policlinico G. Rodolico” Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Bruni
- Anesthesia and Intesive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Grecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Garofalo
- Anesthesia and Intesive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Mater Domini, Magna Grecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Chen H, Wang SH, Chen C, Yu XY, Zhu JN, Mansell T, Novakovic B, Saffery R, Baker PN, Han TL, Zhang H. A novel role of FoxO3a in the migration and invasion of trophoblast cells: from metabolic remodeling to transcriptional reprogramming. Mol Med 2022; 28:92. [PMID: 35941589 PMCID: PMC9358829 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The forkhead box O3a protein (FoxO3a) has been reported to be involved in the migration and invasion of trophoblast, but its underlying mechanisms unknown. In this study, we aim to explore the transcriptional and metabolic regulations of FoxO3a on the migration and invasion of early placental development.
Methods Lentiviral vectors were used to knock down the expression of FoxO3a of the HTR8/SVneo cells. Western blot, matrigel invasion assay, wound healing assay, seahorse, gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) based metabolomics, fluxomics, and RNA-seq transcriptomics were performed. Results We found that FoxO3a depletion restrained the migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells. Metabolomics, fluxomics, and seahorse demonstrated that FoxO3a knockdown resulted in a switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration and increased utilization of aromatic amino acids and long-chain fatty acids from extracellular nutrients. Furthermore, our RNA-seq also demonstrated that the expression of COX-2 and MMP9 decreased after FoxO3a knockdown, and these two genes were closely associated with the migration/invasion progress of trophoblast cells. Conclusions Our results suggested novel biological roles of FoxO3a in early placental development. FoxO3a exerts an essential effect on trophoblast migration and invasion owing to the regulations of COX2, MMP9, aromatic amino acids, energy metabolism, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Han Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Yang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia-Nan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Toby Mansell
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip N Baker
- Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China. .,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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11
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Petrov AM, Zakirjanova GF, Kovyazina IV, Tsentsevitsky AN, Bukharaeva EA. Adrenergic receptors control frequency-dependent switching of the exocytosis mode between "full-collapse" and "kiss-and-run" in murine motor nerve terminal. Life Sci 2022; 296:120433. [PMID: 35219696 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neurotransmitter release from the synaptic vesicles can occur through two modes of exocytosis: "full-collapse" or "kiss-and-run". Here we investigated how increasing the nerve activity and pharmacological stimulation of adrenoceptors can influence the mode of exocytosis in the motor nerve terminal. METHODS Recording of endplate potentials with intracellular microelectrodes was used to estimate acetylcholine release. A fluorescent dye FM1-43 and its quenching with sulforhodamine 101 were utilized to visualize synaptic vesicle recycling. KEY FINDINGS An increase in the frequency of stimulation led to a decrease in the rate of FM1-43 unloading despite the higher number of quanta released. High frequency activity promoted neurotransmitter release via the kiss-and-run mechanism. This was confirmed by experiments utilizing (I) FM1-43 dye quencher, that is able to pass into the synaptic vesicle via fusion pore, and (II) loading of FM1-43 by compensatory endocytosis. Noradrenaline and specific α2-adrenoreceptors agonist, dexmedetomidine, controlled the mode of synaptic vesicle recycling at high frequency activity. Their applications favored neurotransmitter release via full-collapse exocytosis rather than the kiss-and-run pathway. SIGNIFICANCE At the diaphragm neuromuscular junctions, neuronal commands are translated into contractions necessary for respiration. During stress, an increase in discharge rate of the phrenic nerve shifts the exocytosis from the full-collapse to the kiss-and-run mode. The stress-related molecule, noradrenaline, restricts neurotransmitter release in response to a high frequency activity, and prevents the shift in the mode of exocytosis through α2-adrenoceptor activation. This may be a component of the mechanism that limits overstimulation of the respiratory system during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey M Petrov
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Guzalia F Zakirjanova
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina V Kovyazina
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia; Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Andrei N Tsentsevitsky
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
| | - Ellya A Bukharaeva
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Kazan Scientific Center of RAS", Kazan, Russia
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12
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Laudanski K, Wain J. Considerations for Cannabinoids in Perioperative Care by Anesthesiologists. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030558. [PMID: 35160010 PMCID: PMC8836924 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased usage of recreational and medically indicated cannabinoid compounds has been an undeniable reality for anesthesiologists in recent years. These compounds’ complicated pharmacology, composition, and biological effects result in challenging issues for anesthesiologists during different phases of perioperative care. Here, we review the existing formulation of cannabinoids and their biological activity to put them into the context of the anesthesia plan execution. Perioperative considerations should include a way to gauge the patient’s intake of cannabinoids, the ability to gain consent properly, and vigilance to the increased risk of pulmonary and airway problems. Intraoperative management in individuals with cannabinoid use is complicated by the effects cannabinoids have on general anesthetics and depth of anesthesia monitoring while simultaneously increasing the potential occurrence of intraoperative hemodynamic instability. Postoperative planning should involve higher vigilance to the risk of postoperative strokes and acute coronary syndromes. However, most of the data are not up to date, rending definite conclusions on the importance of perioperative cannabinoid intake on anesthesia management difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Justin Wain
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, Campbell University, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (J.W.)
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13
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Karakaya D, Cakir-Aktas C, Uzun S, Soylemezoglu F, Mut M. Tailored Therapeutic Doses of Dexmedetomidine in Evolving Neuroinflammation after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2021; 36:802-814. [PMID: 34782991 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-021-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the secondary damage mechanisms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is essential for developing new therapeutic approaches. Neuroinflammation has a pivotal role in secondary brain injury after TBI. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes results in the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and, in addition, later in the response, microglial activation and migration of the peripheral immune cells into the injured brain are observed. Therefore, these components involved in the inflammatory process are becoming a new treatment target in TBI. Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is an effective drug, widely used over the past few years in neurocritical care units and during surgical operations for sedation and analgesia, and has anti-inflammatory effects, which are shown in in vivo studies. The aim of this original research is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of different Dex doses over time in TBI. METHODS Brain injury was performed by using a weight-drop model. Half an hour after the trauma, intraperitoneal saline was injected into the control groups and 40 and 200 μg/kg of Dex were given to the drug groups. Neurological evaluations were performed with the modified Neurological Severity Score before being killed. Then, the mice were killed on the first or the third day after TBI and histopathologic (hematoxylin-eosin) and immunofluorescent (Iba1, NLRP3, interleukin-1β, and CD3) findings of the brain tissues were examined. Nonparametric data were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple comparisons, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was done for comparing two groups. The results are presented as mean ± standard error of mean. RESULTS The results showed that low doses of Dex suppress NLRP3 and interleukin-1β in both terms. Additionally, high doses of Dex cause a remarkable decrease in the migration and motility of microglial cells and T cells in the late phase following TBI. Interestingly, the immune cells were influenced by only high-dose Dex in the late phase of TBI and it also improves neurologic outcome in the same period. CONCLUSIONS In the mice head trauma model, different doses of Dex attenuate neuroinflammation by suppressing distinct components of the neuroinflammatory process in a different timecourse that contributes to neurologic recovery. These results suggest that Dex may be an appropriate choice for sedation and analgesia in patients with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicle Karakaya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Canan Cakir-Aktas
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sennur Uzun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Soylemezoglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Mut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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14
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Sun X, Kang F, Shen Y, Shen Y, Li J. Dexmedetomidine and Phosphocreatine Post-treatment Provides Protection against Focal Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:105-113. [PMID: 34511649 PMCID: PMC8424249 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and phosphocreatine (PCr) alone or in combination in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R). I/R was induced by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to the Sham group and I/R group, and the I/R group was further divided into three subgroups: Dex (9 μg.kg−1 Dex), PCr (180 mg.kg−1 PCr) and Dex + PCr (9 μg.kg−1 Dex + 180 mg.kg−1 PCr). All treatments were given intravenously at the onset of reperfusion. After 24 hr of reperfusion, the neurological deficit score (NDS) was determined and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan was performed. Serum concentrations of malonaldehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were measured and cerebral infarct volume was estimated by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Blood brain barrier, neuronal and mitochondrial damage was assessed by optical and electron microscopy. Neuronal injury was further assessed using double cleaved caspase-3 and NeuN immunofluorescent staining. Compared with group I/R, Dex and PCr significantly reduced the neurological deficit score (P < 0.01), infarct volume (P < 0.01), and brain blood barrier, neuronal and mitochondrial damage. The level of oxidative stress (P < 0.001) and neuronal injury (P < 0.001) also decreased and surviving neurons increased (P < 0.001). Compared with Dex or PCr alone, the combination treatment had overall greater effects (P < 0.05). These results indicate that posttreatment with Dex or PCr decreases focal cerebral I/R injury and that these agents in combination have greater protective effects than each alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Fang Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University
| | - Yujun Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China
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15
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Li G, LeiQian, Gu P, Fan D. Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning attenuates cerebral ischemia following asphyxia cardiac arrest through down-regulation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation in rats. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:180. [PMID: 34182937 PMCID: PMC8236741 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroprotection strategies after cardiac arrest (CA)/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remain key areas of basic and clinical research. This study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine following resuscitation and potential mechanisms. Methods Anesthetized rats underwent 6-min asphyxia-based cardiac arrest and resuscitation, after which the experimental group received a single intravenous dose of dexmedetomidine (25 μg/kg). Neurological outcomes and ataxia were assessed after the return of spontaneous circulation. The serum levels and brain expression of inflammation markers was examined, and apoptotic cells were quantified by TUNEL staining. Results Neuroprotection was enhanced by dexmedetomidine post-conditioning after the return of spontaneous circulation. This enhancement was characterized by the promotion of neurological function scores and coordination. In addition, dexmedetomidine post-conditioning attenuated the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 2 h, as well as interleukin IL-1β at 2, 24, and 48 h. TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Further western blot analysis indicated that dexmedetomidine markedly reduced the levels of caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the brain. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning had a neuroprotective effect against cerebral injury following asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest. The mechanism was associated with the downregulation of apoptosis and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqian Li
- School of Medicine, Universityof Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - LeiQian
- School of Medicine, Universityof Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Gu
- School of Medicine, Universityof Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Fan
- School of Medicine, Universityof Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, No. 32 West Second Section, First RingRoad, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Yuki K. The immunomodulatory mechanism of dexmedetomidine. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107709. [PMID: 33933842 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has been increasingly introduced into the perioperative care of surgical patients. Because a subset of anesthetics/sedatives are immunomodulatory, it is critical to understand the role of dexmedetomidine in our host immune functions. Here we reviewed the role of dexmedetomidine in different immune cells. We also reviewed published clinical articles that described the role of dexmedetomidine in organ injury, cancer surgery, and infection. In animal studies, dexmedetomidine attenuated organ injury. In clinical studies, dexmedetomidine was associated with an improvement in outcomes in cardiac surgery and transplant surgery. However, there is a paucity in research examining how dexmedetomidine is associated with these outcomes. Further studies are needed to understand its clinical application from immunological standpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, USA; Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, USA.
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17
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Bahr MH, Rashwan DAE, Kasem SA. The Effect of Dexmedetomidine and Esmolol on Early Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction After Middle Ear Surgery Under Hypotensive Technique: A Comparative, Randomized, Double-blind Study. Anesth Pain Med 2021; 11:e107659. [PMID: 34221933 PMCID: PMC8236574 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.107659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is multifactorial, which may be caused by anesthetic and surgical causes or cerebral injury. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine as a neuroprotective drug compared to esmolol on the prevalence of POCD in adult patients undergoing middle ear surgeries under hypotensive anesthesia. METHODS This study included male and female adult patients, according to American Society of Anesthesiology physical status (ASA) I, the patients who underwent middle ear surgeries under hypotensive anesthesia were randomly assigned to two groups that received esmolol and dexmedetomidine. The demographic data, heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, duration of the surgery, evaluation of the surgical field, and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (preoperatively and at 1, 6 and 24 hours postoperatively) were recorded. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the numbers of patients who had POCD in MMSE1: 12 cases in the esmolol group (41.37%) compared to three cases in the dexmedetomidine group (10.34%) (P = 0.016), in MMSE6: 10 cases in the esmolol group (34.48%) compared with two cases in the dexmedetomidine group (6.89%) (P = 0.023) and in MMSE24: seven cases in the esmolol group (24.13%) compared with one case in the dexmedetomidine group (3.44%) (P = 0.022), while the median and range of MMSE score were comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to hypotensive anesthesia reduces the incidence of POCD compared to esmolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Hussein Bahr
- Department of Anesthesia ,Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abu Elkassim Rashwan
- Department of Anesthesia ,Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Samaa A Kasem
- Department of Anesthesia ,Surgical Intensive Care and Pain Management, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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18
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The Role of Adrenoceptors in the Retina. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122594. [PMID: 33287335 PMCID: PMC7761662 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The retina is a part of the central nervous system, a thin multilayer with neuronal lamination, responsible for detecting, preprocessing, and sending visual information to the brain. Many retinal diseases are characterized by hemodynamic perturbations and neurodegeneration leading to vision loss and reduced quality of life. Since catecholamines and respective bindings sites have been characterized in the retina, we systematically reviewed the literature with regard to retinal expression, distribution and function of alpha1 (α1)-, alpha2 (α2)-, and beta (β)-adrenoceptors (ARs). Moreover, we discuss the role of the individual adrenoceptors as targets for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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19
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Xing M, Liang X, Li L, Liao L, Liang S, Jiang S, Li J, Zhang C, Zou W. Efficacy of caudal vs intravenous administration of α 2 adrenoceptor agonists to prolong analgesia in pediatric caudal block: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Anaesth 2020; 30:1322-1330. [PMID: 32978991 DOI: 10.1111/pan.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND α2 adrenoceptor agonists have been proposed as adjuncts to prolong analgesia in pediatric caudal block. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare the analgesic efficacy of caudal vs intravenous α2 adrenoceptor agonists during pediatric caudal block. METHODS A systematic search, data extraction, bias risk assessment, and pooled data analysis were performed following the PRISMA guidelines. All randomized controlled trials comparing caudal with intravenous α2 adrenoceptor agonists in pediatric caudal block were included. Relative risk and weighted mean differences (the corresponding 95% confidence intervals) were calculated for dichotomous and continuous data, respectively. Trial sequential analyses were performed to evaluate the credibility of the meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 244 patients in five trials were identified. Compared with the intravenous group (9.56 ± 4.23 hours), the time to the first rescue analgesia was prolonged in the caudal α2 adrenoceptor agonists group (12.72 ± 5.99 hours) by a weighted mean difference of 2.98 hours [95% confidence interval: 0.59-5.36 hours; P = .01]. The number of children requiring rescue analgesia in the caudal group (64, 66.67%) was lower than that in the intravenous group (80, 81.63%) [relative risk = 0.82; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.97; P = .02]. These findings were also verified by trial sequential analysis. There were no significant differences in the side effects. CONCLUSION Caudal α2 adrenoceptor agonists as adjuncts to local anesthetic during pediatric caudal block are more effective than intravenous injection. However, the results were affected by small sample size and significant heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Liping Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shasha Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wangyuan Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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20
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Gaidin SG, Zinchenko VP, Kosenkov AM. Mechanisms of ammonium-induced neurotoxicity. Neuroprotective effect of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108593. [PMID: 32971034 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the effects of ammonium on the main biophysical features of neurons and astrocytes during the first minutes of exposure. We found that ammonium causes the depolarization of neurons, which leads to the generation of high-frequency action potentials (APs). The initial alkalization and subsequent acidification of the intracellular medium in neurons occur along with the generation of calcium oscillations. Moreover, although the kinetics of calcium response of neurons and astrocytes is different, the dynamics of changes in the intracellular pH (pHi) is similar. The rate of superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential do not change in most neurons and astrocytes during ammonium exposure. At the same time, we observed an increased superoxide production and a decrease in the mitochondrial potential in some neurons in response to ammonium application. However, in both cases, the amplitude of the calcium response in these neurons is significantly higher compared to other neurons. Application of UK 14,304, an agonist of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (A-2ARs), decreased the frequency of APs upon ammonium-induced high-frequency spike activity. Moreover, we also observed periods of hyperpolarization occurred in individual neurons. We suppose that this hyperpolarization contributes to the suppression of activity and can be mediated by astrocytic GABA release, which is stimulated upon activation of A-2ARs. Thus, our findings reveal a new possible mechanism of the protective action of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists against ammonium-induced hyperexcitation and demonstrate the correlation between intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, pHi, the intensity of superoxide production in hippocampal cells under acute hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei G Gaidin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Valery P Zinchenko
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Artem M Kosenkov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
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21
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Shen QH, Li HF, Zhou XY, Yuan XZ. Dexmedetomidine in the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1333-1341. [PMID: 32215933 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of dexmedetomidine in the prevention of postoperative delirium (POD) remains ambiguous, however, it has been used to reduce the incidence of delirium in elderly patients. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis study for assessing the effects of dexmedetomidine on POD among elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery. A systematic literature search was performed against the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, and all relevant literature published till November 30, 2019, were considered. Our analysis included 16 randomised controlled trials conducted with 4534 patients for exploring the effects of dexmedetomidine on POD in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery. It was observed that the overall incidence of POD was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (risk ratio [RR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43-0.61, P < .01). Similar results were obtained from subgroup analysis upon comparison of the placebo (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41-0.66, P < .01, moderate quality of evidence), propofol-treated (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.78, P < .01, low quality of evidence), and midazolam-treated (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.71, P < .01, low quality of evidence) groups. Trial sequential analysis revealed that the cumulative z-value superseded the monitoring boundary and reached the required information size. However, patients who received dexmedetomidine had a higher incidence of bradycardia and hypotension. In conclusion, the meta-analysis revealed that dexmedetomidine appears to decrease the risk of POD in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery. However, as some of the studies were heterogeneous and of low quality, high-quality trials are necessary for drawing more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hong Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Fang Li
- Department of Gynecology, Tongxiang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tongxiang, China
| | - Xu-Yan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Zhejiang, China
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Organ-Protective Effects and the Underlying Mechanism of Dexmedetomidine. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6136105. [PMID: 32454792 PMCID: PMC7232715 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6136105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor (α2AR) agonist currently used in clinical settings. Because DEX has dose-dependent advantages of sedation, analgesia, antianxiety, inhibition of sympathetic nervous system activity, cardiovascular stabilization, and significant reduction of postoperative delirium and agitation, but does not produce respiratory depression and agitation, it is widely used in clinical anesthesia and ICU departments. In recent years, much clinical study and basic research has confirmed that DEX has a protective effect on a variety of organs, including the nervous system, heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, and small intestine. It acts by reducing the inflammatory response in these organs, activating antiapoptotic signaling pathways which protect cells from damage. Therefore, based on wide clinical application and safety, DEX may become a promising clinical multiorgan protection drug in the future. In this article, we review the physiological effects related to organ protection in α2AR agonists along with the organ-protective effects and mechanisms of DEX to understand their combined application value.
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Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Protects Rats from Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Accompanied with Biphasic Changes of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Signaling. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:3230490. [PMID: 32377532 PMCID: PMC7183529 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common and troublesome perioperative complications. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a potent α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist with anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects. In this study, a rat renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) model was induced. At 24 h after reperfusion, the IRI-induced damage and the renoprotection of DEX preconditioning were confirmed both biochemically and histologically. Changes in nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as well as its downstream anti-inflammatory factor A20 and proinflammatory factor tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were detected. Atipamezole, a nonselective antagonist, was then added 5 min before the administration of DEX to further analyze DEX's effects on NF-κB, and another anti-inflammatory medicine, methylprednisolone, was used in comparison with DEX, to further analyze DEX's effects on NF-κB. Different concentrations of DEX (0 nM, 0.1 nM, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, and 10 μM) were applied to preincubated human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) cells in vitro. After anoxia and reoxygenation, the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to evaluate the levels of NF-κB downstream anti-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed that, unlike methylprednisolone, DEX preconditioning led to a time-dependent biphasic change (first activation then inhibition) of NF-κB in the rat renal IRI models that were given 25 μg/kg i.p. It was accompanied by a similarly biphasic change of TNF-α and an early and persistent upregulation of A20. In vitro, DEX's cellular protection showed a concentration-dependent biphasic change which was protective within the range of 0 to 100 nM but became opposite when concentrations are greater than 1 μM. The changes in the A20 and NF-κB messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were consistent with the renoprotective ability of DEX. In other words, DEX preconditioning protected the rats from renal IRI via regulation biphasic change of NF-κB signaling.
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Anesthesia and brain tumor surgery: technical considerations based on current research evidence. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2020; 32:553-562. [PMID: 31145197 DOI: 10.1097/aco.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Anesthetics may influence cancer recurrence and metastasis following surgery by modulating the neuroendocrine stress response or by directly affecting cancer cell biology. This review summarizes the current evidence on whether commonly used anesthetics potentially affect postoperative outcomes following solid organ cancer surgery with particular focus on neurological malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS Despite significant improvement in diagnostic and therapeutic technology over the past decades, mortality rates after cancer surgery (including brain tumor resection) remains high. With regards to brain tumors, interaction between microglia/macrophages and tumor cells by multiple biological factors play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated an association between anesthetics and brain tumor cell biology, and a potential effect on tumor progression and metastasis has been revealed. However, in the clinical setting, the current evidence is inadequate to draw firm conclusions on the optimal anesthetic technique for brain tumor surgery. SUMMARY Further work at both the basic science and clinical level is urgently needed to evaluate the association between perioperative factors, including anesthetics/technique, and postoperative brain tumor outcomes.
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Vaidyanathan S, Rajan TM, Chandrasekaran V, Kandasamy P. Pre-school attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: 12 weeks prospective study. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 48:101903. [PMID: 31865197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extant literature lack studies on behavioural training or pharmacotherapy in Indian preschool children. With adverse long term outcomes, effective, safe and affordable early interventions for ADHD are a priority. Aim of this prospective study is to report on short term outcome of preschool ADHD with specific focus on safety and tolerability of medications. METHODS Children with ADHD aged 2.5-6 years were assessed for severity and adverse events at baseline and follow-up using Conner's abbreviated rating scale and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale. Children with Autism spectrum disorder and those with social quotient less than 50 were excluded. Statistical Analysis included descriptive statistics and Repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Of 56 children recruited, 33.93 %(N = 19) were on behavioural interventions alone, 66.07 %(N = 37) were on a combination of medication and behavioural intervention. All children received treatment according to standard care. The most prescribed drug was clonidine (44.64%), then risperidone (28.7%), methylphenidate (10.7%) and atomoxetine (10.7%). Medication choice was determined by affordability, availability and comorbidity profile. Sedation occurred in 24 % of children on clonidine. Atomoxetine was not well tolerated in 2 children. Methylphenidate was well tolerated. Irrespective of medication choice, all children showed significant improvement at 12 weeks (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Choice of interventions is largely determined by availability and affordability. There is a need for structured parent behavioural training program deliverable in low resource setting. Anti-ADHD medications should be made available under the NMHP, RBSK program and all government settings in India, to address over-prescription of antipsychotics in preschool ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivapriya Vaidyanathan
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
| | - Tess Maria Rajan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-Sciences, Bangalore, India.
| | - Venkatesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
| | - Preeti Kandasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India.
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Gaidin SG, Turovskaya MV, Mal’tseva VN, Zinchenko VP, Blinova EV, Turovsky EA. A Complex Neuroprotective Effect of Alpha-2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists in a Model of Cerebral Ischemia–Reoxygenation In Vitro. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747819040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Belrose JC, Noppens RR. Anesthesiology and cognitive impairment: a narrative review of current clinical literature. BMC Anesthesiol 2019; 19:241. [PMID: 31881996 PMCID: PMC6933922 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The impact of general anesthesia on cognitive impairment is controversial and complex. A large body of evidence supports the association between exposure to surgery under general anesthesia and development of delayed neurocognitive recovery in a subset of patients. Existing literature continues to debate whether these short-term effects on cognition can be attributed to anesthetic agents themselves, or whether other variables are causative of the observed changes in cognition. Furthermore, there is conflicting data on the relationship between anesthesia exposure and the development of long-term neurocognitive disorders, or development of incident dementia in the patient population with normal preoperative cognitive function. Patients with pre-existing cognitive impairment present a unique set of anesthetic considerations, including potential medication interactions, challenges with cooperation during assessment and non-general anesthesia techniques, and the possibility that pre-existing cognitive impairment may impart a susceptibility to further cognitive dysfunction. Main body This review highlights landmark and recent studies in the field, and explores potential mechanisms involved in perioperative cognitive disorders (also known as postoperative cognitive dysfunction, POCD). Specifically, we will review clinical and preclinical evidence which implicates alterations to tau protein, inflammation, calcium dysregulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. As our population ages and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia continues to increase, we require a greater understanding of potential modifiable factors that impact perioperative cognitive impairment. Conclusions Future research should aim to further characterize the associated risk factors and determine whether certain anesthetic approaches or other interventions may lower the potential risk which may be conferred by anesthesia and/or surgery in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian C Belrose
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, 339 Windermere Rd, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada
| | - Ruediger R Noppens
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Western University, London Health Sciences Center, 339 Windermere Rd, London, ON, N6A 5A5, Canada.
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Gao Y, Yin H, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Yang F, Wu X, Liu H. Dexmedetomidine protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis through activation HIF-1α/p53 signaling. Life Sci 2019; 232:116611. [PMID: 31260683 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on mitochondrial apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) brain injury in developing rats, and to investigate its regulatory mechanism on HIF-1α/p53 signaling pathway. METHODS Hypoxia/reoxygenation model was used in this study. TUNEL assay was performed to detect cell apoptosis. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western-blotting analysis were conducted to detect Cytochrome-C (Cyt-c), APAF-1, Caspase-3, Neuroglobin (Ngb), HIF-1α and p53 expression. After 28 days, Morris water maze (MWM) was performed. RESULTS 50 μg/kg DEX improved H/R-induced brain injury and inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis in rats. Western-blotting and Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that DEX could up-regulate Ngb through α2 receptor to inhibit H/R-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. In addition, by adding inhibitors yohimbine and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), we found that DEX could activate HIF-1α/p53 signaling pathway. MWM test showed that DEX could enhance long-term learning and memory of H/R brain injury rats. CONCLUSION DEX alleviates H/R-induced brain injury and mitochondrial apoptosis in developing rats through α2 receptor, which may be related to activation of HIF-1α/p53 signaling pathway to up-regulate the expression of Ngb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University Hebei, Zhangjiakou 075000, PR China
| | - Hong Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yongfang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yunxia Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiuying Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, PR China.
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Neilson DM, Viscasillas J, Alibhai HIK, Kenny PJ, Niessen SJM, Sanchis-Mora S. Anaesthetic management and complications during hypophysectomy in 37 cats with acromegaly. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:347-352. [PMID: 29848149 PMCID: PMC10814632 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18778697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to describe the anaesthetic management and perianaesthetic complications encountered during hypophysectomy surgery in acromegalic cats. We explored relationships between animal demographic data, the anaesthetic protocol used and presence of perioperative complications. METHODS Cats having undergone hypophysectomy surgery for the treatment of feline acromegaly at a single veterinary referral hospital were identified from hospital records. The anaesthesia records and clinical notes of these animals were retrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics were produced and binary logistic regression run to assess for any relationship between patient factors, anaesthetic management and complications during the perioperative period. RESULTS Perianaesthetic complications identified included hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia and airway obstruction. Mortality at 24 h post-anaesthesia was 8%. The use of alpha (α)2 agonists was associated with a lower incidence of hypotension. Fentanyl infusion was associated with a higher incidence of airway obstruction compared with remifentanil. Subjectively assessed anaesthetic recovery quality had an association with the number of days spent in the intensive care ward postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The anaesthetic management described seems effective for hypophysectomy surgery in cats. Intraoperative complications were common and, while not apparently associated with 24 h patient outcome, drugs and equipment to manage these complications should be available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Viscasillas
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Hatim IK Alibhai
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Patrick J Kenny
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Stijn JM Niessen
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Sandra Sanchis-Mora
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
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Dersch-Mills DA, Banasch HL, Yusuf K, Howlett A. Dexmedetomidine Use in a Tertiary Care NICU: A Descriptive Study. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 53:464-470. [PMID: 30501499 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018812089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous infusions of dexmedetomidine are increasingly used for sedation in critically ill pediatric patients. Emerging data suggest potential benefits when used for sedation in neonates, including reduced sedative requirements and earlier enteral feeds. OBJECTIVE To describe the use, adverse effects, and signs of withdrawal in a cohort of neonates receiving dexmedetomidine, the majority of whom were receiving concomitant opioids. METHODS This was a retrospective, descriptive review of 38 neonates receiving dexmedetomidine in a medical surgical neonatal intensive care unit, including data on duration of use, dose, adverse effects, weaning, and signs of withdrawal. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine was used for a median of 183 hours, at a median maximum dose of 0.5 µg/kg/h. Premature infants were started on dexmedetomidine at a later chronological age than term infants (41 vs 9 days, P = 0.004). Of 18 patients receiving an opioid infusion at the time of dexmedetomidine initiation, 67% had a dose reduction in opioids by 24 hours. The majority (89%) of neonates had at least 1 potentially related adverse effect during the dexmedetomidine infusion, though no discontinuations were needed as a result. In all, 80% of patients had their dexmedetomidine gradually weaned off, and 71% had at least 1 sign of withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort, dexmedetomidine was often used in a postsurgical setting, with concomitant opioids, over prolonged periods. These factors appear to affect and likely confound the rates of adverse effects and withdrawal signs from dexmedetomidine. Clinicians considering the use of dexmedetomidine in a similar population can draw guidance from our data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamran Yusuf
- 2 Department of Peditrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alixe Howlett
- 2 Department of Peditrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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He H, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Zhuang J, He X, Wang S, Lin W. Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation through Upregulation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2591-2603. [PMID: 29665726 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hefan He
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhuang
- The School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenping Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen Pingle Orthopedic Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Reduction of Analgesia Duration after Tracheostomy during Neonatal Intensive Care: A Quality Initiative. Pediatr Qual Saf 2018; 3:e106. [PMID: 30584633 PMCID: PMC6221593 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As survival has improved in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), there has been a 10-fold increase in the proportion of infants requiring a tracheostomy. At our institution, we observed a wide variation in the duration of opioid use posttracheostomy from 6 to 148 days. We aimed to decrease the duration of opioid exposure in postoperative tracheostomy patients in the NICU from a baseline average of 24 days to 7 days by December 31, 2017. Methods We established a multidisciplinary team to develop change ideas to implement in 3 Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles that focused on enhanced care plan standardization and communication in patient care rounds with subsequent documentation in the medical record and the timely addition of dexmedetomidine to the postoperative care plan. Results Baseline population was from October 2014 to December 2016. The mean posttracheostomy opioid duration was 24.6 days (range, 6-148 days); neuromuscular blockade was 2.89 days (range, 0-9 days), and benzodiazepine exposure was 20.9 days (range, 1-114 days). Following our interventions, the mean duration of posttracheostomy opioid duration was 5.4 days (range, 4-21 days); neuromuscular blockade was 3.14 days (range, 1-5 days), benzodiazepine duration was 8.88 days (range, 4-25 days), and dexmedetomidine was 4.6 days (range, 0-32 days). Conclusions We utilized quality improvement methodology to standardize posttracheostomy management and demonstrate that we could significantly reduce the duration of opioid and benzodiazepine use after tracheostomy with the timely addition of dexmedetomidine, a structured written daily care plan, and clarification of roles and responsibilities.
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Zhou Z, Chen Q, Wan L, Zheng D, Li Z, Wu Z. Dexmedetomidine protects hepatic cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury via lncRNA CCAT1. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1250-1258. [PMID: 29851220 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhou
- Department of Hepatobillary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; No.1 Youyi Road Yuzhong District Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Chen
- Department of Hepatobillary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; No.1 Youyi Road Yuzhong District Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Hepatobillary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; No.1 Youyi Road Yuzhong District Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Daofeng Zheng
- Department of Hepatobillary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; No.1 Youyi Road Yuzhong District Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Zhongtang Li
- Department of Hepatobillary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; No.1 Youyi Road Yuzhong District Chongqing P.R. China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobillary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; No.1 Youyi Road Yuzhong District Chongqing P.R. China
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Effect of Clonidine on Hemodynamic Responses During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2018; 27:335-340. [PMID: 28708771 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonidine might be beneficial to the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This meta-analysis focused on the influence of clonidine on hemodynamic responses in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS We searched several databases including PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases. This meta-analysis included randomized controlled trials regarding the influence of clonidine versus placebo on laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The primary outcomes were mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at pneumoperitoneum. The random-effect model was applied for this study. RESULTS Compared with control intervention, clonidine intervention was found to significantly reduce the MAP at pneumoperitoneum [standard mean difference=-2.58; 95% confidence interval (CI),-4.63 to -0.53; P=0.01), HR at pneumoperitoneum (standard mean difference=-3.67; 95% CI, -6.57 to -0.76; P=0.01), MAP at intubation (standard mean difference=-2.40; 95% CI, -4.75 to -0.06; P=0.04), HR at intubation (standard mean difference=-3.39; 95% CI, -5.75 to -1.02; P=0.005), propofol requirement (standard mean difference=-2.25; 95% CI, -4.01 to -0.48; P=0.01), as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting (risk ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.19-0.63; P=0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Compared with control intervention, clonidine intervention was found to significantly reduce MAP and HR at pneumoperitoneum and intubation, propofol requirement, as well as postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Baron S, Barrero RA, Black M, Bellgard MI, van Dalen EMS, Fourie J, Maritz-Olivier C. Differentially expressed genes in response to amitraz treatment suggests a proposed model of resistance to amitraz in R. decoloratus ticks. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 8:361-371. [PMID: 29986169 PMCID: PMC6037663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread geographical distribution of Rhipicephalus decoloratus in southern Africa and its ability to transmit the pathogens causing redwater, gallsickness and spirochaetosis in cattle makes this hematophagous ectoparasite of economic importance. In South Africa, the most commonly used chemical acaricides to control tick populations are pyrethroids and amitraz. The current amitraz resistance mechanism described in R. microplus, from South Africa and Australia, involves mutations in the octopamine receptor, but it is unlikely that this will be the only contributing factor to mediate resistance. Therefore, in this study we aimed to gain insight into the more complex mechanism(s) underlying amitraz resistance in R. decoloratus using RNA-sequencing. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when comparing amitraz susceptible and resistant ticks in the presence of amitraz while fed on bovine hosts. The most significant DEGs were further analysed using several annotation tools. The predicted annotations from these genes, as well as KEGG pathways potentially point towards a relationship between the α-adrenergic-like octopamine receptor and ionotropic glutamate receptors in establishing amitraz resistance. All genes with KEGG pathway annotations were further validated using RT-qPCR across all life stages of the tick. In susceptible ticks, the proposed model is that in the presence of amitraz, there is inhibition of Ca2+ entry into cells and subsequent membrane hyperpolarization which prevents the release of neurotransmitters. In resistant ticks, we hypothesize that this is overcome by ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDA and AMPA) to enhance synaptic transmission and plasticity in the presence of neurosteroids. Activation of NMDA receptors initiates long term potentiation (LTP) which may allow the ticks to respond more rapidly and with less stimulus when exposed to amitraz in future. Overactivation of the NMDA receptor and excitotoxicity is attenuated by the estrone, NAD+ and ATP hydrolysing enzymes. This proposed pathway paves the way to future studies on understanding amitraz resistance and should be validated using in vivo activity assays (through the use of inhibitors or antagonists) in combination with metabolome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Baron
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Roberto A Barrero
- Center for Comparative Genomics (CCG), Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Michael Black
- Center for Comparative Genomics (CCG), Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Matthew I Bellgard
- Research Office, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elsie M S van Dalen
- Pesticide Resistance Testing Facility (PRTF), University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Josephus Fourie
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd, Uitzich Road, Bainsvlei, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Hypothalamic ΔFosB prevents age-related metabolic decline and functions via SNS. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:353-369. [PMID: 28121620 PMCID: PMC5361668 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ventral hypothalamus (VHT) integrates several physiological cues to maintain glucose homeostasis and energy balance. Aging is associated with increased glucose intolerance but the underlying mechanisms responsible for age-related metabolic decline, including neuronal signaling in the VHT, remain elusive. We have shown that mice with VHT-targeted overexpression of ∆FosB, a splice variant of the AP1 transcription factor FosB, exhibit increased energy expenditure, leading to decreased adiposity. Here, we show that VHT-targeted overexpression of ∆FosB also improves glucose tolerance, increases insulin sensitivity in target organs and thereby suppresses insulin secretion. These effects are also observed by the overexpression of dominant negative JunD, demonstrating that they occur via AP1 antagonism within the VHT. Furthermore, the improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity persisted in aged animals overexpressing ∆FosB in the VHT. These beneficial effects on glucose metabolism were abolished by peripheral sympathectomy and α-adrenergic, but not β-adrenergic, blockade. Taken together, our results show that antagonizing AP1 transcription activity in the VHT leads to a marked improvement in whole body glucose homeostasis via activation of the SNS, conferring protection against age-related impairment in glucose metabolism. These findings may open novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in diabetes and age-related glucose intolerance.
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Kim DS, Na HS, Lee JH, Shin YD, Shim JK, Shin HW, Kang H, Joung KW. Current clinical application of dexmedetomidine for sedation and anesthesia. Anesth Pain Med (Seoul) 2017. [DOI: 10.17085/apm.2017.12.4.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doo Sik Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyo-seok Na
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-hyang Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Duck Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoseok Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Woon Joung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Ma XD, Li BP, Wang DL, Yang WS. Postoperative benefits of dexmedetomidine combined with flurbiprofen axetil after thyroid surgery. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2148-2152. [PMID: 28962135 PMCID: PMC5609191 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study determined the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) combined with flurbiprofen axetil (FA) on analgesia, immune response, and preservation of cognitive function in patients subjected to general anesthesia. We recruited 100 patients with thyroid surgery and randomly divided them into four groups: Dex (D), FA (F), Dex combined with FA (DF), and saline control (C). The extubation and recovery times for Groups D and DF were significantly longer than for Groups F and C. After extubation, the heart rate and mean arterial pressure for Groups F, D, and DF were significantly lower than for Group C, and data for Group DF was significantly lower than for Group F. The visual analog scale and Riker sedation agitation scores were significantly lower in Group DF than for the other three groups. T- and B-lymphocytes were significantly higher in Group DF than in the other three groups. Compared with Groups F and C, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in Group DF were significantly reduced, while IL-2 markedly increased. The combined use of Dex and FA significantly improved pain after general anesthesia thyroid surgery, reduced restlessness and postoperative cognitive dysfunction, enhanced immune function, and promoted wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dui Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Bei-Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - De-Ling Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Sheng Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Su X, Wang DX, Ma D. Preventing delirium: beyond dexmedetomidine - Authors' reply. Lancet 2017; 389:1009-1010. [PMID: 28290992 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Su
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dong-Xin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Daqing Ma
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Management and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Neuroprotection and neurotoxicity in the developing brain: an update on the effects of dexmedetomidine and xenon. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 60:102-116. [PMID: 28065636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing and consistent preclinical evidence, combined with early clinical epidemiological observations, suggest potentially neurotoxic effects of commonly used anesthetic agents in the developing brain. This has prompted the FDA to issue a safety warning for all sedatives and anesthetics approved for use in children under three years of age. Recent studies have identified dexmedetomidine, the potent α2-adrenoceptor agonist, and xenon, the noble gas, as effective anesthetic adjuvants that are both less neurotoxic to the developing brain, and also possess neuroprotective properties in neonatal and other settings of acute ongoing neurologic injury. Dexmedetomidine and xenon are effective anesthetic adjuvants that appear to be less neurotoxic than other existing agents and have the potential to be neuroprotective in the neonatal and pediatric settings. Although results from recent clinical trials and case reports have indicated the neuroprotective potential of xenon and dexmedetomidine, additional randomized clinical trials corroborating these studies are necessary. By reviewing both the existing preclinical and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine and xenon, we hope to provide insight into the potential clinical efficacy of these agents in the management of pediatric surgical patients.
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Dexmedetomidine: A Solution to the Dilemma of Pain and Agitation in the Mechanically Ventilated Preterm Neonate? J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2017; 31:104-108. [PMID: 28437301 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Su ZY, Ye Q, Liu XB, Chen YZ, Zhan H, Xu SY. Dexmedetomidine mitigates isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in fetal rats during the second trimester of pregnancy. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1329-1337. [PMID: 28966649 PMCID: PMC5607829 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.213554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine has significant neuroprotective effects. However, whether its protective effects can reduce neurotoxicity caused by isoflurane in fetal brain during the second trimester of pregnancy remains unclear. In this study, timed-pregnancy rats at gestational day 14 spontaneously inhaled 1.5% isoflurane for 4 hours, and were intraperitoneally injected with dexmedetomidine at dosages of 5, 10, 20, and 20 μg/kg 15 minutes before inhalation and after inhalation for 2 hours. Our results demonstrate that 4 hours after inhaling isoflurane, 20 μg/kg dexmedetomidine visibly mitigated isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis, reversed downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and lessened decreased spatial learning and memory ability in adulthood in the fetal rats. Altogether, these findings indicate that dexmedetomidine can reduce neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in fetal rats during the second trimester of pregnancy. Further, brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Su
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xian-Bao Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Department of Anesthesia, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesia, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Zhou C, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Ruan L. Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after general anaesthesia: A meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1182-1190. [PMID: 27913743 PMCID: PMC5536774 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516671623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We undertook a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CNKI and Google Scholar to find randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the influence of dexmedetomidine on POCD in elderly adults who had undergone general anaesthesia. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated methodologic quality against inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used RevMan 5.2 to undertake our meta-analysis. Results Thirteen RCTs were included. Compared with controls, dexmedetomidine: 1) significantly reduced the incidence of POCD (relative risk = 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–2.95) and improved Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (mean difference, MD = 1.74, 95% CI 0.43–3.05) on the first postoperative day; and 2) reduced the incidence of POCD after the first postoperative day (MD = 2.73, 95% CI 1.33–4.12). Conclusion Dexmedetomidine reduces the incidence of POCD and improves postoperative MMSE score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmao Zhou
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,2 Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- 2 Zhaoqing Medical College, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Ruan
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Wang XF, Luo XL, Liu WC, Hou BC, Huang J, Zhan YP, Chen SB. Effect of dexmedetomidine priming on convulsion reaction induced by lidocaine. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4781. [PMID: 27787355 PMCID: PMC5089084 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the effect of dexmedetomidine priming on convulsion reaction induced by lidocaine.The New Zealand white rabbits were applied for the mechanism study of dexmedetomidine priming for preventing convulsion reaction induced by lidocaine. The influence of dexmedetomidine priming with different doses on the time for convulsion occurrence and the duration time of convulsion induced by lidocaine, as well as contents of excitatory amino acids (aspartate [Asp], glutamate [Glu]) and inhibitory amino acids (glycine [Gly], γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA]) in the brain tissue were investigated.With 3 and 5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine priming, the occurrence times of convulsion were prolonged from 196 seconds to 349 and 414 seconds, respectively. With dexmedetomidine priming, the contents of excitatory amino acids (Asp, Glu) were much reduced at occurrence time of convulsion comparing with that without dexmedetomidine priming, while content of inhibitory amino acids Gly was much enhanced.The application of dexmedetomidine before local anesthetics can improve intoxication dose threshold of the lidocaine, delay occurrence of the convulsion, and helped for the recovery of convulsion induced by lidocaine. The positive effect of dexmedetomidine on preventing convulsion would owe to not only the inhibition of excitatory amino acids (Asp, Glu), but also the promotion of inhibitory amino acids Gly secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Feng Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Xiao-Ling Luo
- Department of Anesthesia, the Seventh People’ s Hospital of Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Ben-Chao Hou
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Yan-Ping Zhan
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
| | - Shi-Biao Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang
- Correspondence: Shi-Biao Chen, Department of Anesthesia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang 330006, China (e-mail: )
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Sączewski F, Kornicka A, Balewski Ł. Imidazoline scaffold in medicinal chemistry: a patent review (2012–2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1031-48. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Winston JH, Sarna SK. Enhanced sympathetic nerve activity induced by neonatal colon inflammation induces gastric hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G32-9. [PMID: 27151940 PMCID: PMC4967178 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00067.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastric hypersensitivity (GHS) and anxiety are prevalent in functional dyspepsia patients; their underlying mechanisms remain unknown largely because of lack of availability of live visceral tissues from human subjects. Recently, we demonstrated in a preclinical model that rats subjected to neonatal colon inflammation show increased basal plasma norepinephrine (NE), which contributes to GHS through the upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) expression in the gastric fundus. We tested the hypothesis that neonatal colon inflammation increases anxiety-like behavior and sympathetic nervous system activity, which upregulates the expression of NGF to induce GHS in adult life. Chemical sympathectomy, but not adrenalectomy, suppressed the elevated NGF expression in the fundus muscularis externa and GHS. The measurement of heart rate variability showed a significant increase in the low frequency-to-high frequency ratio in GHS vs. the control rats. Stimulus-evoked release of NE from the fundus muscularis externa strips was significantly greater in GHS than in the control rats. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was increased in the celiac ganglia of the GHS vs. the control rats. We found an increase in trait but not stress-induced anxiety-like behavior in GHS rats in an elevated plus maze. We concluded that neonatal programming triggered by colon inflammation upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase in the celiac ganglia, which upregulates the release of NE in the gastric fundus muscularis externa. The increase of NE release from the sympathetic nerve terminals concentration dependently upregulates NGF, which proportionately increases the visceromotor response to gastric distention. Neonatal programming concurrently increases anxiety-like behavior in GHS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Winston
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders and Visceral Pain Center, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and
| | - Sushil K. Sarna
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders and Visceral Pain Center, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; and ,2Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders and Visceral Pain Center, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
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Orun O. Roles of catecholamine related polymorphisms in hypertension. World J Hypertens 2016; 6:41-52. [DOI: 10.5494/wjh.v6.i1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this review is to summarize current data obtained so far in catecholamine-essential hypertension (EH) relationships on a genetic basis. As the major elements driving the sympathetic system’s actions, catecholamines modulate a variety of physiological processes and mutations related to the system. This could generate serious disorders, such as severe mental illnesses, stress-induced disorders, or impaired control of blood pressure or motor pathways. EH is idiopathic, and the genetic basis of its causes and substantial interindividual discrepancies in response to different types of treatments are the focus of interest. Susceptibility to disease or efficacy of treatments are thought to reflect genomic variabilities among individuals. Therefore, outlining the available knowledge in functional genetic polymorphisms linked to EH will make the picture clearer and will help to establish future prospects in the field.
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Seo HY, Oh BJ, Park EJ, Min YG, Choi SC. Dexmedetomidine Use in Patients with 33℃ Targeted Temperature Management: Focus on Bradycardia as an Adverse Effect. Korean J Crit Care Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.4.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Noradrenergic signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala differentially regulates vicarious trial-and-error in a spatial decision-making task. Behav Brain Res 2015; 297:104-11. [PMID: 26341318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In uncertain choice situations, we deliberately search and evaluate possible options before taking an action. Once we form a preference regarding the current situation, we take an action more automatically and with less deliberation. In rats, the deliberation process can be seen in vicarious trial-and-error behavior (VTE), which is a head-orienting behavior toward options at a choice point. Recent neurophysiological findings suggest that VTE reflects the rat's thinking about future options as deliberation, expectation, and planning when rats feel conflict. VTE occurs depending on the demand: an increase occurs during initial learning, and a decrease occurs with progression in learning. However, the brain circuit underlying the regulation of VTE has not been thoroughly examined. In situations in which VTE often appears, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the amygdala (AMY) are crucial for learning and decision making. Our previous study reported that noradrenaline regulates VTE. Here, to investigate whether the mPFC and AMY are involved in regulation of VTE, we examined the effects of local injection of clonidine, an alpha2 adrenergic autoreceptor agonist, into either region in rats during VTE and choice behavior during a T-maze choice task. Injection of clonidine into either region impaired selection of the advantageous choice in the task. Furthermore, clonidine injection into the mPFC suppressed occurrence of VTE in the early phase of the task, whereas injection into the AMY inhibited the decrease in VTE in the later phase and thus maintained a high level of VTE throughout the task. These results suggest that the mPFC and AMY play a role in the increase and decrease in VTE, respectively, and that noradrenergic mechanisms mediate the dynamic regulation of VTE over experiences.
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Al-Zaben KR, Qudaisat IY, Abu-Halaweh SA, Al-Ghanem SM, Al-Mustafa MM, Alja'bari AN, Al-Momani HM. Comparison of caudal bupivacaine alone with bupivacaine plus two doses of dexmedetomidine for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing infra-umbilical surgery: a randomized controlled double-blinded study. Paediatr Anaesth 2015; 25:883-90. [PMID: 26033312 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data are still insufficient about the effects of different concentrations of caudal dexmedetomidine when used to prolong postoperative analgesia in children. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and side effects of two doses of caudal dexmedetomidine (1 and 2 μg·kg(-1)) co-administered with bupivacaine in terms of postoperative pain scores and requirement of postoperative analgesia over 24 h in children undergoing infra-umbilical surgery. METHODS Ninety-one children, aged 1-6 years, undergoing infra-umbilical surgery were included and randomly allocated into three groups of caudal block. Group B received 0.25% bupivacaine 2 mg·kg(-1) (0.8 ml·kg(-1)). Groups BD1 and BD2 received dexmedetomidine 1 and 2 μg·kg(-1), respectively along with bupivacaine 2 mg·kg(-1) in a total volume of 0.8 ml·kg(-1). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane in 100% oxygen. Hemodynamic and other routine intraoperative monitoring was carried out in addition to endtidal sevoflurane concentration. Time to spontaneous eye opening and postoperative pain and sedation scores were recorded in addition to time to first analgesia, paracetamol analgesic requirements, and any side effects during the first 24 postoperative hours. RESULTS Time to first analgesia requirement was significantly longer in BD1 and BD2 groups compared to B group with mean values (95% CI) of 809 min (652-965), 880 (733-1026), and 396 (343-448), respectively, P < 0.001. Postoperative paracetamol analgesic requirements over 24 h were higher in group B compared to BD1 and BD2 groups (Mean (95% CI): 3.2 (2.9-3.5) doses, 1.9 (1.5-2.3), and 1.6 (1.3-1.9), respectively), P < 0.001. The dexmedetomidine groups had significantly higher postoperative sedation scores compared to plain bupivacaine group that were dose dependent and for longer time in BD2 group. Two patients in BD2 group developed bradycardia and hypotension, and one developed urine retention compared to none in other groups. CONCLUSION A 1 μg·kg(-1) dose of caudal dexmedetomidine achieved comparable prolongation of postoperative analgesia to 2 μg·kg(-1) dose, with shorter duration of postoperative sedation and lower incidence of other side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled R Al-Zaben
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ibraheem Y Qudaisat
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami A Abu-Halaweh
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Subhi M Al-Ghanem
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahmoud M Al-Mustafa
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aboud N Alja'bari
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hashem M Al-Momani
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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