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Brandão-Teles C, Antunes ASLM, de Moraes Vrechi TA, Martins-de-Souza D. The Roles of hnRNP Family in the Brain and Brain-Related Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:3578-3595. [PMID: 37999871 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) belong to a complex family of RNA-binding proteins that are essential to control alternative splicing, mRNA trafficking, synaptic plasticity, stress granule formation, cell cycle regulation, and axonal transport. Over the past decade, hnRNPs have been associated with different brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and schizophrenia. Given their essential role in maintaining cell function and integrity, it is not surprising that dysregulated hnRNP levels lead to neurological implications. This review aims to explore the primary functions of hnRNPs in neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes, and their roles in brain disorders. We also discuss proteomics and other technologies and their potential for studying and evaluating hnRNPs in brain disorders, including the discovery of new therapeutic targets and possible pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brandão-Teles
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
| | - André S L M Antunes
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Talita Aparecida de Moraes Vrechi
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil.
- INCT in Modelling Human Complex Diseases with 3D Platforms (Model3D), São Paulo, Brazil.
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Tetter S, Arseni D, Murzin AG, Buhidma Y, Peak-Chew SY, Garringer HJ, Newell KL, Vidal R, Apostolova LG, Lashley T, Ghetti B, Ryskeldi-Falcon B. TAF15 amyloid filaments in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nature 2024; 625:345-351. [PMID: 38057661 PMCID: PMC10781619 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease, and is often also associated with motor disorders1. The pathological hallmarks of FTLD are neuronal inclusions of specific, abnormally assembled proteins2. In the majority of cases the inclusions contain amyloid filament assemblies of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) or tau, with distinct filament structures characterizing different FTLD subtypes3,4. The presence of amyloid filaments and their identities and structures in the remaining approximately 10% of FTLD cases are unknown but are widely believed to be composed of the protein fused in sarcoma (FUS, also known as translocated in liposarcoma). As such, these cases are commonly referred to as FTLD-FUS. Here we used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the structures of amyloid filaments extracted from the prefrontal and temporal cortices of four individuals with FTLD-FUS. Surprisingly, we found abundant amyloid filaments of the FUS homologue TATA-binding protein-associated factor 15 (TAF15, also known as TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N) rather than of FUS itself. The filament fold is formed from residues 7-99 in the low-complexity domain (LCD) of TAF15 and was identical between individuals. Furthermore, we found TAF15 filaments with the same fold in the motor cortex and brainstem of two of the individuals, both showing upper and lower motor neuron pathology. The formation of TAF15 amyloid filaments with a characteristic fold in FTLD establishes TAF15 proteinopathy in neurodegenerative disease. The structure of TAF15 amyloid filaments provides a basis for the development of model systems of neurodegenerative disease, as well as for the design of diagnostic and therapeutic tools targeting TAF15 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Arseni
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yazead Buhidma
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Holly J Garringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathy L Newell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ruben Vidal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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3
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Grossman M, Seeley WW, Boxer AL, Hillis AE, Knopman DS, Ljubenov PA, Miller B, Piguet O, Rademakers R, Whitwell JL, Zetterberg H, van Swieten JC. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:40. [PMID: 37563165 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00447-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is one of the most common causes of early-onset dementia and presents with early social-emotional-behavioural and/or language changes that can be accompanied by a pyramidal or extrapyramidal motor disorder. About 20-25% of individuals with FTLD are estimated to carry a mutation associated with a specific FTLD pathology. The discovery of these mutations has led to important advances in potentially disease-modifying treatments that aim to slow progression or delay disease onset and has improved understanding of brain functioning. In both mutation carriers and those with sporadic disease, the most common underlying diagnoses are linked to neuronal and glial inclusions containing tau (FTLD-tau) or TDP-43 (FTLD-TDP), although 5-10% of patients may have inclusions containing proteins from the FUS-Ewing sarcoma-TAF15 family (FTLD-FET). Biomarkers definitively identifying specific pathological entities in sporadic disease have been elusive, which has impeded development of disease-modifying treatments. Nevertheless, disease-monitoring biofluid and imaging biomarkers are becoming increasingly sophisticated and are likely to serve as useful measures of treatment response during trials of disease-modifying treatments. Symptomatic trials using novel approaches such as transcranial direct current stimulation are also beginning to show promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology and Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Departments of Neurology and Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Departments of Neurology and Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter A Ljubenov
- Departments of Neurology and Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Departments of Neurology and Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology and Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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4
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Jiang X, Gatt A, Lashley T. HnRNP Pathologies in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. Cells 2023; 12:1633. [PMID: 37371103 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the second most common form of young-onset (<65 years) dementia. Clinically, it primarily manifests as a disorder of behavioural, executive, and/or language functions. Pathologically, frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is the predominant cause of FTD. FTLD is a proteinopathy, and the main pathological proteins identified so far are tau, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and fused in sarcoma (FUS). As TDP-43 and FUS are members of the heterogeneous ribonucleic acid protein (hnRNP) family, many studies in recent years have expanded the research on the relationship between other hnRNPs and FTLD pathology. Indeed, these studies provide evidence for an association between hnRNP abnormalities and FTLD. In particular, several studies have shown that multiple hnRNPs may exhibit nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic mislocalisation within neurons in FTLD cases. However, due to the diversity and complex association of hnRNPs, most studies are still at the stage of histological discovery of different hnRNP abnormalities in FTLD. We herein review the latest studies relating hnRNPs to FTLD. Together, these studies outline an important role of multiple hnRNPs in the pathogenesis of FTLD and suggest that future research into FTLD should include the whole spectrum of this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwa Jiang
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ariana Gatt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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5
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Fodder K, Murthy M, Rizzu P, Toomey CE, Hasan R, Humphrey J, Raj T, Lunnon K, Mill J, Heutink P, Lashley T, Bettencourt C. Brain DNA methylomic analysis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration reveals OTUD4 in shared dysregulated signatures across pathological subtypes. Acta Neuropathol 2023:10.1007/s00401-023-02583-z. [PMID: 37149835 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is an umbrella term describing the neuropathology of a clinically, genetically and pathologically heterogeneous group of diseases, including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Among the major FTLD pathological subgroups, FTLD with TDP-43 positive inclusions (FTLD-TDP) and FTLD with tau-positive inclusions (FTLD-tau) are the most common, representing about 90% of the cases. Although alterations in DNA methylation have been consistently associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, little is known for FTLD and its heterogeneous subgroups and subtypes. The main goal of this study was to investigate DNA methylation variation in FTLD-TDP and FTLD-tau. We used frontal cortex genome-wide DNA methylation profiles from three FTLD cohorts (142 FTLD cases and 92 controls), generated using the Illumina 450K or EPIC microarrays. We performed epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) for each cohort followed by meta-analysis to identify shared differentially methylated loci across FTLD subgroups/subtypes. In addition, we used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify co-methylation signatures associated with FTLD and other disease-related traits. Wherever possible, we also incorporated relevant gene/protein expression data. After accounting for a conservative Bonferroni multiple testing correction, the EWAS meta-analysis revealed two differentially methylated loci in FTLD, one annotated to OTUD4 (5'UTR-shore) and the other to NFATC1 (gene body-island). Of these loci, OTUD4 showed consistent upregulation of mRNA and protein expression in FTLD. In addition, in the three independent co-methylation networks, OTUD4-containing modules were enriched for EWAS meta-analysis top loci and were strongly associated with the FTLD status. These co-methylation modules were enriched for genes implicated in the ubiquitin system, RNA/stress granule formation and glutamatergic synaptic signalling. Altogether, our findings identified novel FTLD-associated loci, and support a role for DNA methylation as a mechanism involved in the dysregulation of biological processes relevant to FTLD, highlighting novel potential avenues for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Fodder
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Megha Murthy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christina E Toomey
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Rahat Hasan
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie Lunnon
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jonathan Mill
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Alector, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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6
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Shapiro NL, Todd EG, Billot B, Cash DM, Iglesias JE, Warren JD, Rohrer JD, Bocchetta M. In vivo hypothalamic regional volumetry across the frontotemporal dementia spectrum. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103084. [PMID: 35717886 PMCID: PMC9218583 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a spectrum of diseases characterised by language, behavioural and motor symptoms. Among the different subcortical regions implicated in the FTD symptomatology, the hypothalamus regulates various bodily functions, including eating behaviours which are commonly present across the FTD spectrum. The pattern of specific hypothalamic involvement across the clinical, pathological, and genetic forms of FTD has yet to be fully investigated, and its possible associations with abnormal eating behaviours have yet to be fully explored. METHODS Using an automated segmentation tool for volumetric T1-weighted MR images, we measured hypothalamic regional volumes in a cohort of 439 patients with FTD (197 behavioural variant FTD [bvFTD]; 7 FTD with associated motor neurone disease [FTD-MND]; 99 semantic variant primary progressive aphasia [svPPA]; 117 non-fluent variant PPA [nfvPPA]; 19 PPA not otherwise specified [PPA-NOS]) and 118 age-matched controls. We compared volumes across the clinical, genetic (29 MAPT, 32 C9orf72, 23 GRN), and pathological diagnoses (61 tauopathy, 40 TDP-43opathy, 4 FUSopathy). We correlated the volumes with presence of abnormal eating behaviours assessed with the revised version of the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory (CBI-R). RESULTS On average, FTD patients showed 14% smaller hypothalamic volumes than controls. The groups with the smallest hypothalamic regions were FTD-MND (20%), MAPT (25%) and FUS (33%), with differences mainly localised in the anterior and posterior regions. The inferior tuberal region was only significantly smaller in tauopathies (MAPT and Pick's disease) and in TDP-43 type C compared to controls and was the only regions that did not correlate with eating symptoms. PPA-NOS and nfvPPA were the groups with the least frequent eating behaviours and the least hypothalamic involvement. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal hypothalamic volumes are present in all the FTD forms, but different hypothalamic regions might play a different role in the development of abnormal eating behavioural and metabolic symptoms. These findings might therefore help in the identification of different underlying pathological mechanisms, suggesting the potential use of hypothalamic imaging biomarkers and the research of potential therapeutic targets within the hypothalamic neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah L Shapiro
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Benjamin Billot
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - David M Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, UCL, London, UK
| | - Juan Eugenio Iglesias
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK.
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7
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Chebli J, Rahmati M, Lashley T, Edeman B, Oldfors A, Zetterberg H, Abramsson A. The localization of amyloid precursor protein to ependymal cilia in vertebrates and its role in ciliogenesis and brain development in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19115. [PMID: 34580355 PMCID: PMC8476544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98487-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is expressed in many tissues in human, mice and in zebrafish. In zebrafish, there are two orthologues, Appa and Appb. Interestingly, some cellular processes associated with APP overlap with cilia-mediated functions. Whereas the localization of APP to primary cilia of in vitro-cultured cells has been reported, we addressed the presence of APP in motile and in non-motile sensory cilia and its potential implication for ciliogenesis using zebrafish, mouse, and human samples. We report that Appa and Appb are expressed by ciliated cells and become localized at the membrane of cilia in the olfactory epithelium, otic vesicle and in the brain ventricles of zebrafish embryos. App in ependymal cilia persisted in adult zebrafish and was also detected in mouse and human brain. Finally, we found morphologically abnormal ependymal cilia and smaller brain ventricles in appa−/−appb−/− mutant zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate an evolutionary conserved localisation of APP to cilia and suggest a role of App in ciliogenesis and cilia-related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Chebli
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Brigitta Edeman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Abramsson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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8
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Bocchetta M, Malpetti M, Todd EG, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD. Looking beneath the surface: the importance of subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab158. [PMID: 34458729 PMCID: PMC8390477 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst initial anatomical studies of frontotemporal dementia focussed on cortical involvement, the relevance of subcortical structures to the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia has been increasingly recognized over recent years. Key structures affected include the caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, and globus pallidus within the basal ganglia, the hippocampus and amygdala within the medial temporal lobe, the basal forebrain, and the diencephalon structures of the thalamus, hypothalamus and habenula. At the most posterior aspect of the brain, focal involvement of brainstem and cerebellum has recently also been shown in certain subtypes of frontotemporal dementia. Many of the neuroimaging studies on subcortical structures in frontotemporal dementia have been performed in clinically defined sporadic cases. However, investigations of genetically- and pathologically-confirmed forms of frontotemporal dementia are increasingly common and provide molecular specificity to the changes observed. Furthermore, detailed analyses of sub-nuclei and subregions within each subcortical structure are being added to the literature, allowing refinement of the patterns of subcortical involvement. This review focuses on the existing literature on structural imaging and neuropathological studies of subcortical anatomy across the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia, along with investigations of brain–behaviour correlates that examine the cognitive sequelae of specific subcortical involvement: it aims to ‘look beneath the surface’ and summarize the patterns of subcortical involvement have been described in frontotemporal dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bocchetta
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maura Malpetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
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9
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Birsa N, Ule AM, Garone MG, Tsang B, Mattedi F, Chong PA, Humphrey J, Jarvis S, Pisiren M, Wilkins OG, Nosella ML, Devoy A, Bodo C, de la Fuente RF, Fisher EMC, Rosa A, Viero G, Forman-Kay JD, Schiavo G, Fratta P. FUS-ALS mutants alter FMRP phase separation equilibrium and impair protein translation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/30/eabf8660. [PMID: 34290090 PMCID: PMC8294762 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf8660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS) is a multifunctional RNA binding protein (RBP). FUS mutations lead to its cytoplasmic mislocalization and cause the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we use mouse and human models with endogenous ALS-associated mutations to study the early consequences of increased cytoplasmic FUS. We show that in axons, mutant FUS condensates sequester and promote the phase separation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), another RBP associated with neurodegeneration. This leads to repression of translation in mouse and human FUS-ALS motor neurons and is corroborated in vitro, where FUS and FMRP copartition and repress translation. Last, we show that translation of FMRP-bound RNAs is reduced in vivo in FUS-ALS motor neurons. Our results unravel new pathomechanisms of FUS-ALS and identify a novel paradigm by which mutations in one RBP favor the formation of condensates sequestering other RBPs, affecting crucial biological functions, such as protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicol Birsa
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Agnieszka M Ule
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Maria Giovanna Garone
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Brian Tsang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR, Trento, Italy
| | - P Andrew Chong
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jack Humphrey
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Seth Jarvis
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Melis Pisiren
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Oscar G Wilkins
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Micheal L Nosella
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Anny Devoy
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Cristian Bodo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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10
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Sieben A, Van Langenhove T, Vermeiren Y, Gossye H, Praet M, Vanhauwaert D, Cousaert C, Engelborghs S, Raedt R, Boon P, Santens P, De Deyn PP, Bracke KR, De Meulemeester K, Van Broeckhoven C, Martin JJ, Bjerke M. Hippocampal Sclerosis in Frontotemporal Dementia: When Vascular Pathology Meets Neurodegeneration. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:313-324. [PMID: 33638350 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common neuropathological finding and has been associated with advanced age, TDP-43 proteinopathy, and cerebrovascular pathology. We analyzed neuropathological data of an autopsy cohort of early-onset frontotemporal dementia patients. The study aimed to determine whether in this cohort HS was related to TDP-43 proteinopathy and whether additional factors could be identified. We examined the relationship between HS, proteinopathies in frontotemporal cortices and hippocampus, Alzheimer disease, cerebrovascular changes, and age. We confirmed a strong association between HS and hippocampal TDP-43, whereas there was a weaker association between HS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 pathology (FTLD-TDP). Nearly all of the FTLD-TDP cases had TDP-43 pathology in the hippocampus. HS was present in all FTLD-TDP type D cases, in 50% of the FTLD-TDP A cohort and in 6% of the FTLD-TDP B cohort. Our data also showed a significant association between HS and vascular changes. We reviewed the literature on HS and discuss possible pathophysiological mechanisms between TDP-43 pathology, cerebrovascular disease, and HS. Additionally, we introduced a quantitative neuronal cell count in CA1 to objectify the semiquantitative visual appreciation of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sieben
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, AZ Jan Palfijn, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yannick Vermeiren
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Helena Gossye
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marleen Praet
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Center for Neurosciences (C4N), UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Boon
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Paul De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Jacques Martin
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Bjerke
- Institute Born-Bunge, Neuropathology and Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Biology and Center for Neurosciences, University hospital Brussels and Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Ho WY, Agrawal I, Tyan SH, Sanford E, Chang WT, Lim K, Ong J, Tan BSY, Moe AAK, Yu R, Wong P, Tucker-Kellogg G, Koo E, Chuang KH, Ling SC. Dysfunction in nonsense-mediated decay, protein homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and brain connectivity in ALS-FUS mice with cognitive deficits. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33407930 PMCID: PMC7789430 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent two ends of the same disease spectrum of adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor and cognitive functions, respectively. Multiple common genetic loci such as fused in sarcoma (FUS) have been identified to play a role in ALS and FTD etiology. Current studies indicate that FUS mutations incur gain-of-toxic functions to drive ALS pathogenesis. However, how the disease-linked mutations of FUS affect cognition remains elusive. Using a mouse model expressing an ALS-linked human FUS mutation (R514G-FUS) that mimics endogenous expression patterns, we found that FUS proteins showed an age-dependent accumulation of FUS proteins despite the downregulation of mouse FUS mRNA by the R514G-FUS protein during aging. Furthermore, these mice developed cognitive deficits accompanied by a reduction in spine density and long-term potentiation (LTP) within the hippocampus. At the physiological expression level, mutant FUS is distributed in the nucleus and cytosol without apparent FUS aggregates or nuclear envelope defects. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis revealed a deregulation of genes that cluster in pathways involved in nonsense-mediated decay, protein homeostasis, and mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, the use of in vivo functional imaging demonstrated widespread reduction in cortical volumes but enhanced functional connectivity between hippocampus, basal ganglia and neocortex in R514G-FUS mice. Hence, our findings suggest that disease-linked mutation in FUS may lead to changes in proteostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction that in turn affect brain structure and connectivity resulting in cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yun Ho
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Ira Agrawal
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Sheue-Houy Tyan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Emma Sanford
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Wei-Tang Chang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
- Present Address: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
- Computational Biology Programme, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolynn Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Bernice Siu Yan Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
| | - Aung Aung Kywe Moe
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Regina Yu
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Greg Tucker-Kellogg
- Computational Biology Programme, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Koo
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Kai-Hsiang Chuang
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Singapore, Singapore
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549 Singapore
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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12
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The role of hnRNPs in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:599-623. [PMID: 32748079 PMCID: PMC7547044 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated RNA metabolism is emerging as a crucially important mechanism underpinning the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and the clinically, genetically and pathologically overlapping disorder of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) comprise a family of RNA-binding proteins with diverse, multi-functional roles across all aspects of mRNA processing. The role of these proteins in neurodegeneration is far from understood. Here, we review some of the unifying mechanisms by which hnRNPs have been directly or indirectly linked with FTD/ALS pathogenesis, including their incorporation into pathological inclusions and their best-known roles in pre-mRNA splicing regulation. We also discuss the broader functionalities of hnRNPs including their roles in cryptic exon repression, stress granule assembly and in co-ordinating the DNA damage response, which are all emerging pathogenic themes in both diseases. We then present an integrated model that depicts how a broad-ranging network of pathogenic events can arise from declining levels of functional hnRNPs that are inadequately compensated for by autoregulatory means. Finally, we provide a comprehensive overview of the most functionally relevant cellular roles, in the context of FTD/ALS pathogenesis, for hnRNPs A1-U.
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13
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Neumann M, Mackenzie IRA. Review: Neuropathology of non-tau frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 45:19-40. [PMID: 30357887 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) as a relatively consistent neuropathological hallmark feature. However, the discoveries in the past decade of many of the relevant pathological proteins aggregating in human FTD brains in addition to several new FTD causing gene mutations underlined that FTD is a diverse condition on the neuropathological and genetic basis. This resulted in a novel molecular classification of these conditions based on the predominant protein abnormality and allows most cases of FTD to be placed now into one of three broad molecular subgroups; FTLD with tau, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 or FET protein accumulation (FTLD-tau, FTLD-TDP and FTLD-FET respectively). This review will provide an overview of the molecular neuropathology of non-tau FTLD, insights into disease mechanisms gained from the study of human post mortem tissue as well as discussion of current controversies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Molecular Neuropathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - I R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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14
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Woollacott IOC, Toomey CE, Strand C, Courtney R, Benson BC, Rohrer JD, Lashley T. Microglial burden, activation and dystrophy patterns in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:234. [PMID: 32778130 PMCID: PMC7418403 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01907-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglial dysfunction is implicated in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Although studies have reported excessive microglial activation or senescence (dystrophy) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), few have explored this in FTLD. We examined regional patterns of microglial burden, activation and dystrophy in sporadic and genetic FTLD, sporadic AD and controls. Methods Immunohistochemistry was performed in frontal and temporal grey and white matter from 50 pathologically confirmed FTLD cases (31 sporadic, 19 genetic: 20 FTLD-tau, 26 FTLD-TDP, four FTLD-FUS), five AD cases and five controls, using markers to detect phagocytic (CD68-positive) and antigen-presenting (CR3/43-positive) microglia, and microglia in general (Iba1-positive). Microglial burden and activation (morphology) were assessed quantitatively for each microglial phenotype. Iba1-positive microglia were assessed semi-quantitatively for dystrophy severity and qualitatively for rod-shaped and hypertrophic morphology. Microglia were compared in each region between FTLD, AD and controls, and between different pathological subtypes of FTLD, including its main subtypes (FTLD-tau, FTLD-TDP, FTLD-FUS), and subtypes of FTLD-tau, FTLD-TDP and genetic FTLD. Microglia were also compared between grey and white matter within each lobe for each group. Results There was a higher burden of phagocytic and antigen-presenting microglia in FTLD and AD cases than controls, but activation was often not increased. Burden was generally higher in white matter than grey matter, but activation was greater in grey matter. However, microglia varied regionally according to FTLD subtype and disease mechanism. Dystrophy was more severe in FTLD and AD than controls, and more severe in white than grey matter, but this also varied regionally and was particularly extensive in FTLD due to progranulin (GRN) mutations. Presence of rod-shaped and hypertrophic microglia also varied by FTLD subtype. Conclusions This study demonstrates regionally variable microglial involvement in FTLD and links this to underlying disease mechanisms. This supports investigation of microglial dysfunction in disease models and consideration of anti-senescence therapies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ione O C Woollacott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Christina E Toomey
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Catherine Strand
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Robert Courtney
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Bridget C Benson
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK. .,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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15
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Blennow K, Chen C, Cicognola C, Wildsmith KR, Manser PT, Bohorquez SMS, Zhang Z, Xie B, Peng J, Hansson O, Kvartsberg H, Portelius E, Zetterberg H, Lashley T, Brinkmalm G, Kerchner GA, Weimer RM, Ye K, Höglund K. Cerebrospinal fluid tau fragment correlates with tau PET: a candidate biomarker for tangle pathology. Brain 2020; 143:650-660. [PMID: 31834365 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, there is no validated fluid biomarker for tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease, with contradictory results from studies evaluating the correlation between phosphorylated tau in CSF with tau PET imaging. Tau protein is subjected to proteolytic processing into fragments before being secreted to the CSF. A recent study suggested that tau cleavage after amino acid 368 by asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease. We used immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometric analyses to evaluate the presence of tau368 species in CSF. A novel Simoa® assay for quantification of tau368 in CSF was developed, while total tau (t-tau) was measured by ELISA and the presence of tau368 in tangles was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The diagnostic utility of tau368 was first evaluated in a pilot study (Alzheimer's disease = 20, control = 20), then in a second cohort where the IWG-2 biomarker criteria were applied (Alzheimer's disease = 37, control = 45), and finally in a third cohort where the correlation with 18F-GTP1 tau PET was evaluated (Alzheimer's disease = 38, control = 11). The tau368/t-tau ratio was significantly decreased in Alzheimer's disease (P < 0.001) in all cohorts. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that tau fragments ending at 368 are present in tangles. There was a strong negative correlation between the CSF tau368/t-tau ratio and 18F-GTP1 retention. Our data suggest that tau368 is a tangle-enriched fragment and that the CSF ratio tau368/t-tau reflects tangle pathology. This novel tau biomarker could be used to improve diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and to facilitate the development of drug candidates targeting tau pathology. Furthermore, future longitudinal studies will increase our understanding of tau pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Chun Chen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Claudia Cicognola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kristin R Wildsmith
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul T Manser
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhentao Zhang
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boer Xie
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA.,Department of Development Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA.,St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 39105, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden.,Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Hlin Kvartsberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | | | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Research and Development, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Experimental Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Disease Research, Neurogeriatrics Division, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Ho WY, Chang JC, Tyan SH, Yen YC, Lim K, Tan BSY, Ong J, Tucker-Kellogg G, Wong P, Koo E, Ling SC. FUS-mediated dysregulation of Sema5a, an autism-related gene, in FUS mice with hippocampus-dependent cognitive deficits. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3777-3791. [PMID: 31509188 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological fused in sarcoma (FUS) inclusions are found in 10% of patients with frontotemporal dementia and those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) carrying FUS mutations. Current work indicates that FUS mutations may incur gain-of-toxic functions to drive ALS pathogenesis. However, how FUS dysfunction may affect cognition remains elusive. Using a mouse model expressing wild-type human FUS mimicking the endogenous expression pattern and level within the central nervous system, we found that they developed hippocampus-mediated cognitive deficits accompanied by an age-dependent reduction in spine density and long-term potentiation in their hippocampus. However, there were no apparent FUS aggregates, nuclear envelope defects and cytosolic FUS accumulation. These suggest that these proposed pathogenic mechanisms may not be the underlying causes for the observed cognitive deficits. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis identified expression changes in a small set of genes with preferential expression in the neurons and oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Of these, we focused on Sema5a, a gene involved in axon guidance, spine dynamics, Parkinson's disease and autism spectrum disorders. Critically, FUS binds directly to Sema5a mRNA and regulates Sema5a expression in a FUS-dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that FUS-driven Sema5a deregulation may underlie the cognitive deficits in FUS transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Yun Ho
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Jer-Cherng Chang
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Sheue-Houy Tyan
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chun Yen
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Bernice Siu Yan Tan
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Jolynn Ong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Greg Tucker-Kellogg
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Peiyan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Edward Koo
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shuo-Chien Ling
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Neurobiology/Ageing Programme, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore.,Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857, Singapore
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17
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Toomey CE, Heywood W, Benson BC, Packham G, Mills K, Lashley T. Investigation of pathology, expression and proteomic profiles in human TREM2 variant postmortem brains with and without Alzheimer's disease. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:794-810. [PMID: 32267026 PMCID: PMC8018003 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 TREM2 was identified as a risk factor for late onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we compared TREM2 cases with a variant (TREM2+) and cases without a TREM2 variant (TREM2−), considering pathological burden, inflammatory response and altered canonical pathways and biochemical functions between the cohorts. We hypothesised that TREM2+ cases would have a loss of function, indicating an altered inflammatory profile compared to TREM2− cases. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against Aβ, tau and microglia markers in TREM2+ cases, with and without AD, which were compared to sporadic TREM2− AD, familial AD and neurologically normal control cases. Aβ and tau load were measured along with the composition of Aβ plaques, in addition to microglial load and circularity. Expression and proteomic profiles were determined from the frontal cortex of selected cases. TREM2+ control cases had no Aβ or tau deposition. No differences in the amount of Aβ or tau, or the composition of Aβ plaques were observed between TREM2+ and TREM2− SAD cases. There were no differences in microglial load observed between disease groups. However, the TREM2+ SAD cases showed more amoeboid microglia than the TREM2− SAD cases, although no differences in the spatial relationship of microglia and Aβ plaques were identified. Visualisation of the canonical pathways and biological functions showed differences between the disease groups and the normal controls, clearly showing a number of pathways upregulated in TREM2+ SAD, TREM2− SAD and FAD groups whilst, the TREM2+ controls cases showed a downregulation of the majority of the represented pathways. These findings suggest that the TREM2+ control group, although carrying the TREM2+ variant, have no pathological hallmarks of AD, have altered microglial and expression profiles compared to the TREM2+ SAD cases. This indicates that other unknown factors may initiate the onset of AD, with TREM2 influencing the microglial involvement in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Toomey
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Wendy Heywood
- Centre for Translational Omics, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Bridget C Benson
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Georgia Packham
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Centre for Translational Omics, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neuroscience, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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18
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Bieniek KF, Josephs KA, Lin WL, Dickson DW. Neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease may be incorrectly classified as a subtype of FTLD-FUS. FREE NEUROPATHOLOGY 2020; 1. [PMID: 34386806 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2020-2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The majority of cases of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are characterized by focal cortical atrophy with an underlying tau or TDP-43 proteinopathy. A subset of FTLD cases, however, lack tau and TDP-43 immuno-reactivity, but have neuronal inclusions positive for ubiquitin, referred to as atypical FTLD (aFTLD-U). Studies have demonstrated that ubiquitin-positive inclusions in aFTLD-U are immuno-reactive for fused in sarcoma (FUS). As such, the current nosology for this entity is FTLD-FUS, which is thought to include not only aFTLD-U, but also neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID) and basophilic inclusion body disease. Objective To compare pathological features of cases of aFTLD-U and NIFID. Methods We reviewed the neuropathology of 15 patients (10 males and 5 females; average age at death 54 years (range 41-69 years)) with an antemortem clinical diagnosis of a frontotemporal dementia and pathological diagnosis of aFTLD-U (n=8) or NIFID (n=7). Sections were processed for immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy with FUS, TDP-43, and α-internexin (αINX) antibodies. Results Eight cases had pathologic features consistent with FTLD-FUS, with severe striatal atrophy (7/8 cases), as well as FUS-positive neuronal cytoplasmic and vermiform intranuclear inclusions, but no αINX immuno-reactivity. Five cases had features consistent with NIFID, with neuronal inclusions positive for both FUS and αINX. Striatal atrophy was present in only 2 of the NIFID cases. Two cases had αINX-positive neuronal inclusions consistent with NIFID, but both lacked striatal atrophy and FUS immunoreactivity. Surprisingly, one of these two NIFID cases had lesions immunoreactive for TDP-43. Discussion While FUS pathology remains a prominent feature of aFTLD-U, there is pathologic heterogeneity, including rare cases of NIFID with TDP-43- rather than FUS-positive inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Bieniek
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology (Behavioral Neurology & Movement Disorders) Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Wen-Lang Lin
- Department of Neuroscience (Neuropathology), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience (Neuropathology), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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19
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Khatun A, Paterson RW, Schöll M. University College London/University of Gothenburg PhD course "Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases" 2019-course organisation. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:18. [PMID: 32019594 PMCID: PMC7001332 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-0583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are increasingly employed for effective research into neurodegenerative diseases. They have become essential for reaching an accurate clinical diagnosis, monitoring disease, and refining entry criteria for participation in clinical treatment trials, and will be key in measuring target engagement and treatment outcome in disease-modifying therapies. Emerging techniques and research combining different biomarker modalities continue to strengthen our understanding of the underlying pathology and the sequence of pathogenic events. Given recent advances, we are now at a pivotal stage in biomarker research. PhD students working in the field of neurodegenerative disease require a working knowledge of a range of biomarkers available and their limitations, to correctly interpret scientific literature and to design and conduct successful research studies themselves. Here, we outline the University College London/University of Gothenburg "Biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases course", the first initiative of its kind aimed to bring together both experts and PhD students from all areas within the field of neurodegeneration, to provide comprehensive knowledge of biomarker research for the next generation of scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Khatun
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ross W Paterson
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Schöll
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. .,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine and the Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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20
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Shibata-Germanos S, Goodman JR, Grieg A, Trivedi CA, Benson BC, Foti SC, Faro A, Castellan RFP, Correra RM, Barber M, Ruhrberg C, Weller RO, Lashley T, Iliff JJ, Hawkins TA, Rihel J. Structural and functional conservation of non-lumenized lymphatic endothelial cells in the mammalian leptomeninges. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:383-401. [PMID: 31696318 PMCID: PMC6989586 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02091-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate CNS is surrounded by the meninges, a protective barrier comprised of the outer dura mater and the inner leptomeninges, which includes the arachnoid and pial layers. While the dura mater contains lymphatic vessels, no conventional lymphatics have been found within the brain or leptomeninges. However, non-lumenized cells called Brain/Mural Lymphatic Endothelial Cells or Fluorescent Granule Perithelial cells (muLECs/BLECs/FGPs) that share a developmental program and gene expression with peripheral lymphatic vessels have been described in the meninges of zebrafish. Here we identify a structurally and functionally similar cell type in the mammalian leptomeninges that we name Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells (LLEC). As in zebrafish, LLECs express multiple lymphatic markers, containing very large, spherical inclusions, and develop independently from the meningeal macrophage lineage. Mouse LLECs also internalize macromolecules from the cerebrospinal fluid, including Amyloid-β, the toxic driver of Alzheimer's disease progression. Finally, we identify morphologically similar cells co-expressing LLEC markers in human post-mortem leptomeninges. Given that LLECs share molecular, morphological, and functional characteristics with both lymphatics and macrophages, we propose they represent a novel, evolutionary conserved cell type with potential roles in homeostasis and immune organization of the meninges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Goodman
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alan Grieg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chintan A Trivedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Bridget C Benson
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sandrine C Foti
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ana Faro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Melissa Barber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Roy O Weller
- Clinical Neurosciences (Neuropathology), Faculty of Medicine, Southampton University Hospitals, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey J Iliff
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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21
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A distinct brain beta amyloid signature in cerebral amyloid angiopathy compared to Alzheimer’s disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 701:125-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Gittings LM, Foti SC, Benson BC, Gami-Patel P, Isaacs AM, Lashley T. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins R and Q accumulate in pathological inclusions in FTLD-FUS. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:18. [PMID: 30755280 PMCID: PMC6371513 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0673-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is pathologically subdivided based on the presence of particular pathological proteins that are identified in inclusion bodies observed post-mortem. The FTLD-FUS subgroup is defined by the presence of the fused in sarcoma protein (FUS) in pathological inclusions. FUS is a heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) protein and a member of the FET (FUS, EWS, TAF15) protein family. It shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, and has been implicated in many cellular functions including translation, splicing, and RNA transport. EWS, TAF15 and the nuclear import receptor transportin have been shown to co-accumulate with FUS in neuronal inclusions specifically in FTLD-FUS, with transportin-positive inclusions most frequently observed. Here, we report the identification of hnRNP R and hnRNP Q in neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of FTLD-FUS patients, as frequently as transportin. hnRNP R and hnRNP Q were not found in the characteristic pathological inclusions observed in FTLD-TDP (subtypes A-C). Additionally, we studied the expression of hnRNP R in the frontal and temporal cortices from patients with FTLD and found significantly increased expression of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein R in several FTLD disease groups. Our identification of the frequent presence of hnRNP R and hnRNP Q in FTLD-FUS inclusions suggests a potential role for these hnRNPs in FTLD-FUS pathogenesis and supports the role of dysfunctional RNA metabolism in FTLD.
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23
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Cicognola C, Brinkmalm G, Wahlgren J, Portelius E, Gobom J, Cullen NC, Hansson O, Parnetti L, Constantinescu R, Wildsmith K, Chen HH, Beach TG, Lashley T, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Höglund K. Novel tau fragments in cerebrospinal fluid: relation to tangle pathology and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:279-296. [PMID: 30547227 PMCID: PMC6514201 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Tau is an axonal microtubule-binding protein. Tau pathology in brain and increased tau concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Most of tau in CSF is present as fragments. We immunoprecipitated tau from CSF and identified several endogenous peptides ending at amino acid (aa) 123 or 224 using high-resolution mass spectrometry. We raised neo-epitope-specific antibodies against tau fragments specifically ending at aa 123 and 224, respectively. With these antibodies, we performed immunohistochemistry on brain tissue and designed immunoassays measuring N-123, N-224, and x-224 tau. Immunoassays were applied to soluble brain fractions from pathologically confirmed subjects (81 AD patients, 33 controls), CSF from three cross-sectional and two longitudinal cohorts (a total of 133 AD, 38 MCI, 20 MCI-AD, 31 PSP, 15 CBS patients, and 91 controls), and neuronally- and peripherally-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs and PDEVs, respectively) in serum from four AD patients and four controls. Anti-tau 224 antibody stained neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads, while anti-tau 123 only showed weak cytoplasmic staining in AD. N-224 tau was lower in the AD soluble brain fraction compared to controls, while N-123 tau showed similar levels. N-224 tau was higher in AD compared to controls in all CSF cohorts (p < 0.001), but not N-123 tau. Decrease in cognitive performance and conversion from MCI to AD were associated with increased baseline CSF levels of N-224 tau (p < 0.0001). N-224 tau concentrations in PSP and CBS were significantly lower than in AD (p < 0.0001) and did not correlate to t-tau and p-tau. In a longitudinal cohort, CSF N-224 tau levels were stable over 6 months, with no significant effect of treatment with AChE inhibitors. N-224 tau was present in NDEVs, while N-123 tau showed comparable concentrations in both vesicle types. We suggest that N-123 tau is produced both in CNS and PNS and represents a general marker of tau metabolism, while N-224 tau is neuron-specific, present in the tangles, secreted in CSF, and upregulated in AD, suggesting a link between tau cleavage and propagation, tangle pathology, and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cicognola
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Brinkmalm
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jessica Wahlgren
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Erik Portelius
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Johan Gobom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Nicholas C Cullen
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Department of Medicine, Center for Memory Disturbances, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Radu Constantinescu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Neurology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristin Wildsmith
- Biomarker Development Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hsu-Hsin Chen
- Biomarker Discovery Department, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kina Höglund
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborgsvägen 31, House V3/SU, 43180, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Revesz T, Mann DM, Lashley T. Frontotemporal lobar degenerations: from basic science to clinical manifestations. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:3-5. [PMID: 30666692 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - D M Mann
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - T Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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25
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Abstract
Recent research reveals an overlap between frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and a variety of primary psychiatric disorders, challenging the artificial divisions between psychiatry and neurology. This chapter offers an overview of the clinical syndromes associated with FTD while describing links between these syndromes and neuroimaging. This is followed by a review of the neuropathology and genetic changes in the brain. We will illustrate the syndromic overlap that exists between FTD and several primary psychiatric disorders including bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia. Emphasis will be placed on the behavioral variant of FTD (bvFTD), which is the common clinical syndrome seen with degeneration of the frontal lobes and is the most likely to be encountered in psychiatric settings.
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26
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Murray CE, Gami-Patel P, Gkanatsiou E, Brinkmalm G, Portelius E, Wirths O, Heywood W, Blennow K, Ghiso J, Holton JL, Mills K, Zetterberg H, Revesz T, Lashley T. The presubiculum is preserved from neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:62. [PMID: 30029687 PMCID: PMC6053705 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the majority of affected brain regions the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in the form of diffuse and neuritic plaques, tau pathology in the form of neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads and plaque-associated abnormal neurites in combination with an inflammatory response. However, the anatomical area of the presubiculum, is characterised by the presence of a single large evenly distributed ‘lake-like’ Aβ deposit with minimal tau deposition or accumulation of inflammatory markers. Post-mortem brain samples from sporadic AD (SAD) and familial AD (FAD) and two hereditary cerebral amyloid diseases, familial British dementia (FBD) and familial Danish dementia (FDD) were used to compare the morphology of the extracellular proteins deposited in the presubiculum compared to the entorhinal cortex. The level of tau pathology and the extent of microglial activation were quantitated in the two brain regions in SAD and FAD. Frozen tissue was used to investigate the Aβ species and proteomic differences between the two regions. Consistent with our previous investigations of FBD and FDD cases we were able to establish that the ‘lake-like’ pre-amyloid deposits of the presubiculum were not a unique feature of AD but they also found two non-Aβ amyloidosis. Comparing the presubiculum to the entorhinal cortex the number of neurofibrillary tangles and tau load were significantly reduced; there was a reduction in microglial activation; there were differences in the Aβ profiles and the investigation of the whole proteome showed significant changes in different protein pathways. In summary, understanding why the presubiculum has a different morphological appearance, biochemical and proteomic makeup compared to surrounding brain regions severely affected by neurodegeneration could lead us to understanding protective mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases.
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27
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Large inter- and intra-case variability of first generation tau PET ligand binding in neurodegenerative dementias. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:34. [PMID: 29716656 PMCID: PMC5928586 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of pathological tau with positron emission tomography (PET) has the potential to allow early diagnosis of the dementias and monitoring of disease progression, including assessment of therapeutic interventions, in vivo. The first generation of tau PET tracers, including the carbazole flortaucipir and the 2-arylquinolines of the THK series, are now used in clinical research; however, concerns have been raised about off-target binding and low sensitivity. With the aim to determine the nature of tau pathology depicted by structurally distinct tau ligands we carried out a microscopic neuropathological evaluation in post-mortem human brain tissue of cases with primary and secondary tauopathies. Carbazole and 2-arylquinoline binding was only observed in cases with Alzheimer’s disease and one case with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 exhibiting a R406W MAPT mutation. In end stage Alzheimer’s disease cases, fluorescent imaging with the carbazole T726 and the 2-arylquinoline THK-5117 revealed high inter- and intra-case variability of tracer binding, and this was corroborated by quantitative phosphorimaging with the PET tracer [18F]THK-5117. Microscopic analysis of the pathological inclusions revealed that the fluorescent tracers preferentially bind to premature tau aggregates. Whilst T726 binding was limited to neuronal tau, THK-5117 additionally depicted neuritic tau. Neither tracer depicted tau in pre-symptomatic disease. Our results highlight limitations of the first generation of tau PET tracers, in particular lack of correlation between pathological tau load and tracer binding, limited sensitivity to tau in early disease, and high variability in tracer binding between and within cases. Concerns remain that these limitations may also affect the next generation tracers as they target the same high affinity binding site. Therefore, it is crucial to assess inter- and intra-subject correlation of tracer binding with pathological tau load in post-mortem tissue studies, and to rigorously assess novel tau PET tracers before translation into clinical studies.
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28
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Mackenzie IRA, Neumann M. Fused in Sarcoma Neuropathology in Neurodegenerative Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2017; 7:cshperspect.a024299. [PMID: 28096243 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal intracellular accumulation of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) protein is the characteristic pathological feature of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) caused by FUS mutations (ALS-FUS) and several uncommon disorders that may present with sporadic frontotemporal dementia (FTLD-FUS). Although these findings provide further support for the concept that ALS and FTD are closely related clinical syndromes with an overlapping molecular basis, important differences in the pathological features and results from experimental models indicate that ALS-FUS and FTLD-FUS have distinct pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
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29
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Nizhnikov AA, Antonets KS, Bondarev SA, Inge-Vechtomov SG, Derkatch IL. Prions, amyloids, and RNA: Pieces of a puzzle. Prion 2017; 10:182-206. [PMID: 27248002 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2016.1181253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are protein aggregates consisting of fibrils rich in β-sheets. Growth of amyloid fibrils occurs by the addition of protein molecules to the tip of an aggregate with a concurrent change of a conformation. Thus, amyloids are self-propagating protein conformations. In certain cases these conformations are transmissible / infectious; they are known as prions. Initially, amyloids were discovered as pathological extracellular deposits occurring in different tissues and organs. To date, amyloids and prions have been associated with over 30 incurable diseases in humans and animals. However, a number of recent studies demonstrate that amyloids are also functionally involved in a variety of biological processes, from biofilm formation by bacteria, to long-term memory in animals. Interestingly, amyloid-forming proteins are highly overrepresented among cellular factors engaged in all stages of mRNA life cycle: from transcription and translation, to storage and degradation. Here we review rapidly accumulating data on functional and pathogenic amyloids associated with mRNA processing, and discuss possible significance of prion and amyloid networks in the modulation of key cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Nizhnikov
- a Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch , St. Petersburg , Russia.,c All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Kirill S Antonets
- a Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Stanislav A Bondarev
- a Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Sergey G Inge-Vechtomov
- a Dept. of Genetics and Biotechnology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Vavilov Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg Branch , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Irina L Derkatch
- d Department of Neuroscience , College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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30
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Mann DMA, Snowden JS. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: Pathogenesis, pathology and pathways to phenotype. Brain Pathol 2017; 27:723-736. [PMID: 28100023 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) is a clinically, pathologically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that affect principally the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. There are three major associated clinical syndromes, behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), semantic dementia (SD) and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA); three principal histologies, involving tau, TDP-43 and FUS proteins; and mutations in three major genes, MAPT, GRN and C9orf72, along with several other less common gene mutations. All three clinical syndromes can exist separately or in combination with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). SD is exclusively a TDP-43 proteinopathy, and PNFA may be so, with both showing tight clinical, histological and genetic inter-relationships. bvFTD is more of a challenge with overlapping histological and genetic features, involvement of any of the three aggregating proteins, and changes in any of the three major genes. However, when ALS is present, all cases show a clear histological phenotype with TDP-43 aggregated proteins, and familial forms are associated with expansions in C9orf72. TDP-43 and FUS are nuclear carrier proteins involved in the regulation of RNA metabolism, whereas tau protein - the product of MAPT - is responsible for the assembly/disassembly of microtubules, which are vital for intracellular transport. Mutations in TDP-43 and FUS genes are linked to clinical ALS rather than FTLD (with or without ALS), suggesting that clinical ALS may be a disorder of RNA metabolism. Conversely, the protein products of GRN and C9orf72, along with those of the other minor genes, appear to form part of the cellular protein degradation machinery. It is possible therefore that FTLD is a reflection of dysfunction within lysosomal/proteasomal systems resulting in failure to remove potentially neurotoxic (TDP-43 and tau) aggregates, which ultimately overwhelm capacity to function. Spread of aggregates along distinct pathways may account for the different clinical phenotypes, and patterns of progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M A Mann
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Julie S Snowden
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.,Cerebral Function Unit, Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
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Cummings DM, Benway TA, Ho H, Tedoldi A, Fernandes Freitas MM, Shahab L, Murray CE, Richard-Loendt A, Brandner S, Lashley T, Salih DA, Edwards FA. Neuronal and Peripheral Pentraxins Modify Glutamate Release and may Interact in Blood–Brain Barrier Failure. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:3437-3448. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Damian M. Cummings
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tiffanie A. Benway
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Hinze Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Present address: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Angelo Tedoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Present address: Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christina E. Murray
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Angela Richard-Loendt
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sebastian Brandner
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Dervis A. Salih
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frances A. Edwards
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology (NPP), University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Koriath CA, Bocchetta M, Brotherhood E, Woollacott IO, Norsworthy P, Simón-Sánchez J, Blauwendraat C, Dick KM, Gordon E, Harding SR, Fox NC, Crutch S, Warren JD, Revesz T, Lashley T, Mead S, Rohrer JD. The clinical, neuroanatomical, and neuropathologic phenotype of TBK1-associated frontotemporal dementia: A longitudinal case report. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 6:75-81. [PMID: 28229125 PMCID: PMC5312484 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in the TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) gene have recently been shown to cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, the phenotype of TBK1-associated FTD is currently unclear. METHODS We performed a single case longitudinal study of a patient who was subsequently found to have a novel A705fs mutation in the TBK1 gene. He was assessed annually over a 7-year period with a series of clinical, cognitive, and magnetic resonance imaging assessments. His brain underwent pathological examination at postmortem. RESULTS The patient presented at the age of 64 years with an 18-month history of personality change including increased rigidity and obsessiveness, apathy, loss of empathy, and development of a sweet tooth. His mother had developed progressive behavioral and cognitive impairment from the age of 57 years. Neuropsychometry revealed intact cognition at first assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging showed focal right temporal lobe atrophy. Over the next few years his behavioral problems progressed and he developed cognitive impairment, initially with anomia and prosopagnosia. Neurological examination remained normal throughout without any features of motor neurone disease. He died at the age of 72 years and postmortem showed TDP-43 type A pathology but with an unusual novel feature of numerous TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)-positive neuritic structures at the cerebral cortex/subcortical white matter junction. There was also associated argyrophilic grain disease not previously reported in other TBK1 mutation cases. DISCUSSION TBK1-associated FTD can be associated with right temporal variant FTD with progressive behavioral change and relatively intact cognition initially. The case further highlights the benefits of next-generation sequencing technologies in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders and the importance of detailed neuropathologic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin A.M. Koriath
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emilie Brotherhood
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Ione O.C. Woollacott
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Penny Norsworthy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Javier Simón-Sánchez
- Genetics and Epigenetics of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Applied Genomics for Neurodegenerative Diseases, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrina M. Dick
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Gordon
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sophie R. Harding
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sebastian Crutch
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jason D. Warren
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D. Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Gami-Patel P, Bandopadhyay R, Brelstaff J, Revesz T, Lashley T. The presence of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins in frontotemporal lobar degeneration with FUS-positive inclusions. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 46:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Prpar Mihevc S, Darovic S, Kovanda A, Bajc Česnik A, Župunski V, Rogelj B. Nuclear trafficking in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Brain 2016; 140:13-26. [PMID: 27497493 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are two ends of a phenotypic spectrum of disabling, relentlessly progressive and ultimately fatal diseases. A key characteristic of both conditions is the presence of TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP) or FUS immunoreactive cytoplasmic inclusions in neuronal and glial cells. This cytoplasmic mislocalization of otherwise predominantly nuclear RNA binding proteins implies a perturbation of the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling as a possible event in the pathogenesis. Compromised nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has recently also been associated with a hexanucleotide repeat expansion mutation in C9orf72, which is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and leads to accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 inclusions. Mutation in C9orf72 may disrupt nucleocytoplasmic shuttling on the level of C9ORF72 protein, the transcribed hexanucleotide repeat RNA, and/or dipeptide repeat proteins translated form the hexanucleotide repeat RNA. These defects of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling may therefore, constitute the common ground of the underlying disease mechanisms in different molecular subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Darovic
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Kovanda
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Bajc Česnik
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vera Župunski
- 2 Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia .,2 Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Večna pot 113, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,3 Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Puhova 10, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Palmer-Aronsten B, Sheedy D, McCrossin T, Kril J. An International Survey of Brain Banking Operation and Characterization Practices. Biopreserv Biobank 2016; 14:464-469. [PMID: 27399803 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2016.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain banks continue to make a major contribution to the study of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The current complexity and scope of research heighten the need for well-characterized cases and the demand for larger cohorts and necessitate strategies, such as the establishment of bank networks based in regional areas. While individual brain banks have developed protocols that meet researchers' needs within the confines of resources and funding, to further promote collaboration, standardization and scientific validity and understanding of the current protocols of participating banks are required. A survey was sent to brain banks, identified by an Internet search, to investigate operational protocols, case characterization, cohort management, data collection, standardization, and degree of collaboration between banks. The majority of the 24 banks that returned the survey have been established for more than 20 years, and most are affiliated with a regional network. While prospective donor programs were the primary source of donation, the data collected on donors varied. Longitudinal information assists case characterization and enhances the analysis capabilities of research. However, acquiring this information depended on the availability of qualified staff. Respondents indicated a high level of importance for standardization, but only 8 of 24 considered this occurred between banks. Standard diagnostic criteria were not achieved in the classification of controls, and some banks relied on the researcher to indicate the criteria for classification of controls. Although the capacity to collaborate with other banks was indicated by 16 of 24 banks, this occurred infrequently. Engagement of all brain banks to participate toward a consensus of diagnostic tools, especially for controls, will strengthen collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Palmer-Aronsten
- 1 NSW Brain Tissue Resource Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, and Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia .,2 Schizophrenia Research Institute , Randwick, Australia
| | - Donna Sheedy
- 1 NSW Brain Tissue Resource Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, and Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Toni McCrossin
- 1 NSW Brain Tissue Resource Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, and Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
| | - Jillian Kril
- 1 NSW Brain Tissue Resource Centre, Charles Perkins Centre, and Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney , Sydney, Australia
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Mackenzie IRA, Neumann M. Molecular neuropathology of frontotemporal dementia: insights into disease mechanisms from postmortem studies. J Neurochem 2016; 138 Suppl 1:54-70. [PMID: 27306735 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a clinical syndrome with a heterogeneous molecular basis. The past decade has seen the discovery of several new FTD-causing genetic mutations and the identification of many of the relevant pathological proteins. The current neuropathological classification is based on the predominant protein abnormality and allows most cases of FTD to be placed into one of three broad molecular subgroups; frontotemporal lobar degeneration with tau, TDP-43 or FET protein accumulation. This review will describe our current understanding of the molecular basis of FTD, focusing on insights gained from the study of human postmortem tissue, as well as some of the current controversies. Most cases of FTD can be subclassified into one of three broad molecular subgroups based on the predominant protein that accumulates as pathological cellular inclusions. Understanding the associated pathogenic mechanisms and recognizing these FTD molecular subtypes in vivo will likely be crucial for the development and use of targeted therapies. This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R A Mackenzie
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia and Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Manuela Neumann
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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Sander K, Lashley T, Gami P, Gendron T, Lythgoe MF, Rohrer JD, Schott JM, Revesz T, Fox NC, Årstad E. Characterization of tau positron emission tomography tracer [ 18F]AV-1451 binding to postmortem tissue in Alzheimer's disease, primary tauopathies, and other dementias. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1116-1124. [PMID: 26892233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aggregation of tau is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, and tau imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) may allow early diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We assessed binding of the PET tracer [18F]AV-1451 in a range of dementias. METHODS Phosphorimaging was used to quantify binding to postmortem brain tissue from 33 patients with different, histopathologically characterized, neurodegenerative dementias. RESULTS [18F]AV-1451 showed high specific binding in cases with Alzheimer's disease (AD), moderate binding in Pick's disease and frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism-17, and low but displaceable binding in corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, non-tau proteinopathies, and in controls without pathology. Tracer binding did not correlate with tau load within disease groups. DISCUSSION [18F]AV-1451 binds to tau in AD, and some other tauopathies. However, evidence for a non-tau binding site and lack of correlation between tracer binding and antibody staining suggest that reliable quantification of tau load with this tracer is problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, University College London, London, UK
| | - Priya Gami
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, University College London, London, UK
| | - Thibault Gendron
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Queen Square Brain Bank, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Årstad
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK.
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Lim SM, Choi WJ, Oh KW, Xue Y, Choi JY, Kim SH, Nahm M, Kim YE, Lee J, Noh MY, Lee S, Hwang S, Ki CS, Fu XD, Kim SH. Directly converted patient-specific induced neurons mirror the neuropathology of FUS with disrupted nuclear localization in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:8. [PMID: 26795035 PMCID: PMC4722778 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0075-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene have been linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS patients with FUS mutations exhibit neuronal cytoplasmic mislocalization of the mutant FUS protein. ALS patients’ fibroblasts or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons have been developed as models for understanding ALS-associated FUS (ALS-FUS) pathology; however, pathological neuronal signatures are not sufficiently present in the fibroblasts of patients, whereas the generation of iPSC-derived neurons from ALS patients requires relatively intricate procedures. Results Here, we report the generation of disease-specific induced neurons (iNeurons) from the fibroblasts of patients who carry three different FUS mutations that were recently identified by direct sequencing and multi-gene panel analysis. The mutations are located at the C-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) region of the protein (p.G504Wfs*12, p.R495*, p.Q519E): two de novo mutations in sporadic ALS and one in familial ALS case. Aberrant cytoplasmic mislocalization with nuclear clearance was detected in all patient-derived iNeurons, and oxidative stress further induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic FUS in cytoplasmic granules, thereby recapitulating neuronal pathological features identified in mutant FUS (p.G504Wfs*12)-autopsied ALS patient. Importantly, such FUS pathological hallmarks of the patient with the p.Q519E mutation were only detected in patient-derived iNeurons, which contrasts to predominant FUS (p.Q519E) in the nucleus of both the transfected cells and patient-derived fibroblasts. Conclusions Thus, iNeurons may provide a more reliable model for investigating FUS mutations with disrupted NLS for understanding FUS-associated proteinopathies in ALS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13024-016-0075-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Lim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea. .,Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Jun Choi
- Department of Neurology, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ki-Wook Oh
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yuanchao Xue
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Ji Young Choi
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Sciences and Technology, Daejeon, 305-806, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Young Noh
- Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-744, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sejin Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiang-Dong Fu
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea. .,Cell Therapy Center, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-792, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) protein is abundantly expressed mainly within neurons, and exists in a number of different forms - monomers, tetramers, oligomers and fibrils. During disease, α-syn undergoes conformational changes to form oligomers and high molecular weight aggregates that tend to make the protein more insoluble. Abnormally aggregated α-syn is a neuropathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Biochemical characterization and analysis of insoluble α-syn using buffers with increasing detergent strength and high-speed ultracentrifugation provides a powerful tool to determine the development of α-syn pathology associated with disease progression. This protocol describes the isolation of increasingly insoluble/aggregated α-syn from post-mortem human brain tissue. This methodology can be adapted with modifications to studies of normal and abnormal α-syn biology in transgenic animal models harbouring different α-syn mutations as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases that feature aberrant fibrillar deposits of proteins related to their respective pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology;
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Aggregation of FET Proteins as a Pathological Change in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 925:1-12. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sin O, Nollen EAA. Regulation of protein homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases: the role of coding and non-coding genes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4027-47. [PMID: 26190021 PMCID: PMC4605983 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein homeostasis is fundamental for cell function and survival, because proteins are involved in all aspects of cellular function, ranging from cell metabolism and cell division to the cell's response to environmental challenges. Protein homeostasis is tightly regulated by the synthesis, folding, trafficking and clearance of proteins, all of which act in an orchestrated manner to ensure proteome stability. The protein quality control system is enhanced by stress response pathways, which take action whenever the proteome is challenged by environmental or physiological stress. Aging, however, damages the proteome, and such proteome damage is thought to be associated with aging-related diseases. In this review, we discuss the different cellular processes that define the protein quality control system and focus on their role in protein conformational diseases. We highlight the power of using small organisms to model neurodegenerative diseases and how these models can be exploited to discover genetic modulators of protein aggregation and toxicity. We also link findings from small model organisms to the situation in higher organisms and describe how some of the genetic modifiers discovered in organisms such as worms are functionally conserved throughout evolution. Finally, we demonstrate that the non-coding genome also plays a role in maintaining protein homeostasis. In all, this review highlights the importance of protein and RNA homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sin
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4099-003, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ellen A A Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9700 AD, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Yarnall AJ, Lashley T, Ling H, Lees AJ, Coleman SY, O'Sullivan SS, Compta Y, Revesz T, Burn DJ. Apomorphine: A potential modifier of amyloid deposition in Parkinson's disease? Mov Disord 2015; 31:668-75. [PMID: 27156393 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence from clinical and pathological studies suggests a role for both alpha-synuclein and amyloid-beta in the pathophysiology of dementia associated with PD. Recent work demonstrated improvement in memory and reduced amyloid-beta burden in transgenic murine Alzheimer's models given subcutaneous apomorphine. The aim of this work was to determine whether antemortem exposure to apomorphine was associated with lower levels of amyloid-beta in brain tissue in a clinicopathological study of PD. METHODS The case notes of donors with pathologically proven PD who had (n = 36) and had not received apomorphine (n = 35) during life for motor complications were reviewed to determine presence or absence of cognitive impairment. The four groups were well matched for disease duration, age at death, sex, and apolipoprotein E4 genotype. The severity of amyloid-beta mature/diffuse plaque load, tau pathology, and alpha-synuclein pathology were all established. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy was determined based on a four-tier grading system. RESULTS Within the cognitively normal cases, significantly reduced amyloid-beta deposition was present in those with antemortem apomorphine exposure; this finding was not replicated in those with cognitive impairment plus previous apomorphine use. In the apomorphine cognitively normal group only, a significant negative association was observed between maximum apomorphine dose received and amyloid-beta burden. Early and maximum doses of apomorphine plus apolipoprotein genotype and sex were significant predictors of total plaque load in an explanatory model. CONCLUSION This exploratory study suggests that apomorphine may have a modifying effect on amyloid deposition in nondemented PD cases and thus may represent a potential therapy to reduce cognitive impairment in PD. © 2015 Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Yarnall
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Ling
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Lees
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shirley Y Coleman
- Industrial Statistics Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yaroslau Compta
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tamas Revesz
- The Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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Darovic S, Prpar Mihevc S, Župunski V, Gunčar G, Štalekar M, Lee YB, Shaw CE, Rogelj B. Phosphorylation of C-terminal tyrosine residue 526 in FUS impairs its nuclear import. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4151-9. [PMID: 26403203 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cytoplasmic aggregation of FUS, which is caused by mutations primarily in the C-terminal nuclear localisation signal, is associated with 3% of cases of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). FUS aggregates are also pathognomonic for 10% of all frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) cases; however, these cases are not associated with mutations in the gene encoding FUS. This suggests that there are differences in the mechanisms that drive inclusion formation of FUS in ALS and FTLD. Here, we show that the C-terminal tyrosine residue at position 526 of FUS is crucial for normal nuclear import. This tyrosine is subjected to phosphorylation, which reduces interaction with transportin 1 and might consequentially affect the transport of FUS into the nucleus. Furthermore, we show that this phosphorylation can occur through the activity of the Src family of kinases. Our study implicates phosphorylation as an additional mechanism by which nuclear transport of FUS might be regulated and potentially perturbed in ALS and FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Darovic
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Vera Župunski
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Gunčar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Maja Štalekar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Youn-Bok Lee
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Biotechnology, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Puhova 10, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Deng J, Yang M, Chen Y, Chen X, Liu J, Sun S, Cheng H, Li Y, Bigio EH, Mesulam M, Xu Q, Du S, Fushimi K, Zhu L, Wu JY. FUS Interacts with HSP60 to Promote Mitochondrial Damage. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005357. [PMID: 26335776 PMCID: PMC4559378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FUS-proteinopathies, a group of heterogeneous disorders including ALS-FUS and FTLD-FUS, are characterized by the formation of inclusion bodies containing the nuclear protein FUS in the affected patients. However, the underlying molecular and cellular defects remain unclear. Here we provide evidence for mitochondrial localization of FUS and its induction of mitochondrial damage. Remarkably, FTLD-FUS brain samples show increased FUS expression and mitochondrial defects. Biochemical and genetic data demonstrate that FUS interacts with a mitochondrial chaperonin, HSP60, and that FUS translocation to mitochondria is, at least in part, mediated by HSP60. Down-regulating HSP60 reduces mitochondrially localized FUS and partially rescues mitochondrial defects and neurodegenerative phenotypes caused by FUS expression in transgenic flies. This is the first report of direct mitochondrial targeting by a nuclear protein associated with neurodegeneration, suggesting that mitochondrial impairment may represent a critical event in different forms of FUS-proteinopathies and a common pathological feature for both ALS-FUS and FTLD-FUS. Our study offers a potential explanation for the highly heterogeneous nature and complex genetic presentation of different forms of FUS-proteinopathies. Our data also suggest that mitochondrial damage may be a target in future development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools for FUS-proteinopathies, a group of devastating neurodegenerative diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are two groups of common and devastating neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by losses of selected groups of neurons. Mutations in the FUS gene have been associated with ALS, whereas inclusion bodies containing the FUS protein have been discovered in both ALS and FTLD patients. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of FUS in these diseases remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that wild-type or ALS-associated mutant FUS can interact with mitochondrial chaperonin HSP60 and that HSP60 mediates FUS localization to mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial impairment may be an early event in FUS proteinopathies and represent a potential therapeutic target for treating these fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jianghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shufeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haipeng Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Department of Pathology & Neurology, The Cognitive Neurology& Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Department of Pathology & Neurology, The Cognitive Neurology& Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qi Xu
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sidan Du
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kazuo Fushimi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (LZ); (JYW)
| | - Jane Y. Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genetic Medicine, Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LZ); (JYW)
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Lashley T, Rohrer JD, Mead S, Revesz T. Review: An update on clinical, genetic and pathological aspects of frontotemporal lobar degenerations. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:858-81. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders; Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
| | | | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders; Department of Molecular Neuroscience; UCL Institute of Neurology; London UK
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Lashley T, Gami P, Valizadeh N, Li A, Revesz T, Balazs R. Alterations in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation are not detected in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:497-506. [PMID: 25201696 PMCID: PMC4879505 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Genetic factors do not seem to account fully for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathogenesis. There is evidence for the contribution of environmental factors, whose effect may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics involves the regulation of gene expression independently of DNA sequence and these epigenetic changes are influenced by age and environmental factors, with DNA methylation being one of the best characterized epigenetic mechanisms. The human genome is predominantly methylated on CpG motifs, which results in gene silencing; however methylation within the body of the gene may mark active transcription. There is evidence suggesting an involvement of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which prompted our study examining DNA methylation in this disorder. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry with 5-methylcytosine/5-hydroxymethylcytosine antibodies we studied, in comparison with age matched controls, DNA methylation in sporadic and familial AD cases in the entorhinal cortex that exhibits substantial pathology and the cerebellum, which is relatively spared. RESULTS Neuronal nuclear labelling with 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) was evident in all cases studied. We did not detect any significant change in the levels of nuclear staining in the AD samples compared to neurologically normal controls. In the entorhinal cortex we also examined global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CONCLUSION No significant differences were found between AD and control cases in global levels of 5mC and 5hmC in the entorhinal cortex using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Priya Gami
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Navid Valizadeh
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Abi Li
- Reta Lila Weston Research Laboratories and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Robert Balazs
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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47
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Irwin DJ, Cairns NJ, Grossman M, McMillan CT, Lee EB, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: defining phenotypic diversity through personalized medicine. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:469-91. [PMID: 25549971 PMCID: PMC4369168 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) comprises two main classes of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuronal/glial proteinaceous inclusions (i.e., proteinopathies) including tauopathies (i.e., FTLD-Tau) and TDP-43 proteinopathies (i.e., FTLD-TDP) while other very rare forms of FTLD are known such as FTLD with FUS pathology (FTLD-FUS). This review focuses mainly on FTLD-Tau and FLTD-TDP, which may present as several clinical syndromes: a behavioral/dysexecutive syndrome (behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia); language disorders (primary progressive aphasia variants); and motor disorders (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome). There is considerable heterogeneity in clinical presentations of underlying neuropathology and current clinical criteria do not reliably predict underlying proteinopathies ante-mortem. In contrast, molecular etiologies of hereditary FTLD are consistently associated with specific proteinopathies. These include MAPT mutations with FTLD-Tau and GRN, C9orf72, VCP and TARDBP with FTLD-TDP. The last decade has seen a rapid expansion in our knowledge of the molecular pathologies associated with this clinically and neuropathologically heterogeneous group of FTLD diseases. Moreover, in view of current limitations to reliably diagnose specific FTLD neuropathologies prior to autopsy, we summarize the current state of the science in FTLD biomarker research including neuroimaging, biofluid and genetic analyses. We propose that combining several of these biomarker modalities will improve diagnostic specificity in FTLD through a personalized medicine approach. The goals of these efforts are to enhance power for clinical trials focused on slowing or preventing progression of spread of tau, TDP-43 and other FTLD-associated pathologies and work toward the goal of defining clinical endophenotypes of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Irwin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Corey T. McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward B. Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Fratta P, Polke JM, Newcombe J, Mizielinska S, Lashley T, Poulter M, Beck J, Preza E, Devoy A, Sidle K, Howard R, Malaspina A, Orrell RW, Clarke J, Lu CH, Mok K, Collins T, Shoaii M, Nanji T, Wray S, Adamson G, Pittman A, Renton AE, Traynor BJ, Sweeney MG, Revesz T, Houlden H, Mead S, Isaacs AM, Fisher EMC. Screening a UK amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cohort provides evidence of multiple origins of the C9orf72 expansion. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:546.e1-7. [PMID: 25179228 PMCID: PMC4270445 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An expanded hexanucleotide repeat in the C9orf72 gene is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (C9ALS/FTD). Although 0-30 hexanucleotide repeats are present in the general population, expansions >500 repeats are associated with C9ALS/FTD. Large C9ALS/FTD expansions share a common haplotype and whether these expansions derive from a single founder or occur more frequently on a predisposing haplotype is yet to be determined and is relevant to disease pathomechanisms. Furthermore, although cases carrying 50-200 repeats have been described, their role and the pathogenic threshold of the expansions remain to be identified and carry importance for diagnostics and genetic counseling. We present clinical and genetic data from a UK ALS cohort and report the detailed molecular study of an atypical somatically unstable expansion of 90 repeats. Our results across different tissues provide evidence for the pathogenicity of this repeat number by showing they can somatically expand in the central nervous system to the well characterized pathogenic range. Our results support the occurrence of multiple expansion events for C9ALS/FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fratta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.
| | | | - Jia Newcombe
- NeuroResource, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Sarah Mizielinska
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Mark Poulter
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; MRC Prion Unit, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jon Beck
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; MRC Prion Unit, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Elisavet Preza
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Anny Devoy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Robin Howard
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK; Centre for Neuroscience & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Richard W Orrell
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jan Clarke
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Ching-Hua Lu
- Centre for Neuroscience & Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kin Mok
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Toby Collins
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shoaii
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Tina Nanji
- Neurogenetics Unit, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Gary Adamson
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; MRC Prion Unit, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Alan E Renton
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Neurogenetics Unit, Queen Square, London, UK; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Adrian M Isaacs
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK.
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Abstract
Abnormal cytoplasmic accumulation of Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) in neurons defines subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). FUS is a member of the FET protein family that includes Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) and TATA-binding protein-associated factor 2N (TAF15). FET proteins are predominantly localized to the nucleus, where they bind RNA and DNA to modulate transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA repair. In ALS cases with FUS inclusions (ALS-FUS), mutations in the FUS gene cause disease, whereas FTLD cases with FUS inclusions (FTLD-FUS) do not harbor FUS mutations. Notably, in FTLD-FUS, all FET proteins accumulate with their nuclear import receptor Transportin 1 (TRN1), in contrast ALS-FUS inclusions are exclusively positive for FUS. In the present study, we show that induction of DNA damage replicates several pathologic hallmarks of FTLD-FUS in immortalized human cells and primary human neurons and astrocytes. Treatment with the antibiotic calicheamicin γ1, which causes DNA double-strand breaks, leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of FUS, TAF15, EWS, and TRN1. Moreover, cytoplasmic translocation of FUS is mediated by phosphorylation of its N terminus by the DNA-dependent protein kinase. Finally, we observed elevated levels of phospho-H2AX in FTLD-FUS brains, indicating that DNA damage occurs in patients. Together, our data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for FUS localization in cells and suggest that DNA damage may contribute to the accumulation of FET proteins observed in human FTLD-FUS cases, but not in ALS-FUS.
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50
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Lashley T, Rohrer JD, Mahoney C, Gordon E, Beck J, Mead S, Warren J, Rossor M, Revesz T. A pathogenic progranulin mutation and C9orf72 repeat expansion in a family with frontotemporal dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2014; 40:502-13. [PMID: 24286341 PMCID: PMC4260146 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is the second most common form of young onset dementia after Alzheimer's disease (AD). An autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance is present in around 25-50% of FTLD cases indicating a strong genetic component. Major pathogenic mutations of FTLD have been demonstrated independently in the progranulin (GRN) gene and the C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion repeat. In this study we present a family that have been identified as carrying both a GRN Cys31fs mutation and the C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion repeat. METHODS In the present study we describe the clinical and genetic details of family members and pathological features of two family members that have come to post-mortem. RESULTS The mean age at disease onset was 57 years (48-61 years) and mean duration 4 years (2-7 years). The most common presenting syndrome was behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Brain imaging from available cases showed a symmetrical pattern of atrophy particularly affecting the frontal and temporal lobes. Pathologically two cases were classified as FTLD-TDP type A with TDP-43 positive inclusions, with additional p62-positive 'star-like' inclusions found in the hippocampal formation and cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS The type and distribution of the pathological lesions in these two cases were in keeping with FTLD cases carrying only the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat. However the driving force of the pathological process may be either pathogenic mutation or a combination of both converging on a singular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
| | | | - Colin Mahoney
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
| | | | - Jon Beck
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
| | - Jason Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
| | - Tamas Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of NeurologyLondon, UK
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