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Reiner J, Franken L, Raveh E, Rosset I, Kreitman R, Ben-Ami E, Djaldetti R. Oculometric measures as a tool for assessment of clinical symptoms and severity of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1241-1248. [PMID: 37553460 PMCID: PMC10480268 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities of oculometric measures (OM) are widely described in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, knowledge of correlations between abnormal OM, disease severity and clinical assessment in PD patients is still lacking. To evaluate these correlations, PD patients (215 patients, mean age 69 ± 9.1 years, 79 females) with severe (H&Y > 3) and mild to moderate (H&Y ≤ 2) disease, and 215 age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. All patients were evaluated using MDS-UPDRS and an oculometric test using computer vision and deep learning algorithms. Comparisons of OM between groups and correlations between OM and MDS-UPDRS scores were calculated. Saccadic latency (ms) was prolonged in patients with severe compared with mild to moderate disease (pro-saccades: 267 ± 69 vs. 238 ± 53, p = 0.0011; anti-saccades: 386 ± 119 vs. 352 ± 106, p = 0.0393) and in patients with mild to moderate disease versus healthy subjects (pro-saccades: 238 ± 53 vs. 220 ± 45, p = 0.0003; anti-saccades: 352 ± 106 vs. 289 ± 71, p < 0.0001). Error rate (%) was higher among patients with severe (64.06 ± 23.08) versus mild to moderate disease (49.84 ± 24.81, p = 0.0001), and versus healthy subjects (49.84 ± 24.81 vs. 28.31 ± 21.72, p = 0.00001). Response accuracy (%) was lower for patients with severe (75.66 ± 13.11) versus mild to moderate disease (79.66 ± 13.56, p = 0.0462), and versus healthy subjects (79.66 ± 13.56 vs. 90.27 ± 8.79, p < 0.0001). Pro- and anti-saccadic latency, error rate and accuracy were correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores (r = 0.32, 0.28, 0.36 and -0.30, respectively, p < 0.0001) and similar correlations were found with its axial subscore (R = 0.38, 0.29, 0.44, and -0.30, respectively, p < 0.0001). Several OM were different in patients under levodopa treatment. OM worsened as PD severity increases, and were correlated with MDS-UPDRS scores. Using OM can be implemented for PD patients' assessment as a tool to follow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Reiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Franken
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Movement Disorders Clinic, Beilinson Hospital, 4941492, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Diederich NJ. [Multiple causes of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:184-185. [PMID: 35951047 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-022-01376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Diederich
- Abteilung für Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, rue Barblé 4, 1210, Luxemburg-Stadt, Luxemburg.
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3
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Yu WS, Tse ACK, Guan L, Chiu JLY, Tan SZK, Khairuddin S, Agadagba SK, Lo ACY, Fung ML, Chan YS, Chan LLH, Lim LW. Antidepressant-like effects of transcorneal electrical stimulation in rat models. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:843-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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4
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Liu X, Huang H, Snutch TP, Cao P, Wang L, Wang F. The Superior Colliculus: Cell Types, Connectivity, and Behavior. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1519-1540. [PMID: 35484472 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The superior colliculus (SC), one of the most well-characterized midbrain sensorimotor structures where visual, auditory, and somatosensory information are integrated to initiate motor commands, is highly conserved across vertebrate evolution. Moreover, cell-type-specific SC neurons integrate afferent signals within local networks to generate defined output related to innate and cognitive behaviors. This review focuses on the recent progress in understanding of phenotypic diversity amongst SC neurons and their intrinsic circuits and long-projection targets. We further describe relevant neural circuits and specific cell types in relation to behavioral outputs and cognitive functions. The systematic delineation of SC organization, cell types, and neural connections is further put into context across species as these depend upon laminar architecture. Moreover, we focus on SC neural circuitry involving saccadic eye movement, and cognitive and innate behaviors. Overall, the review provides insight into SC functioning and represents a basis for further understanding of the pathology associated with SC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongren Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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5
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Yue Y, Tian T. Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? Front Neurosci 2022; 15:799526. [PMID: 35185448 PMCID: PMC8854654 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.799526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with motor and non-motor symptoms associated with two main pathological hallmarks, including the deterioration of dopaminergic cells and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Yet, PD is a neurodegenerative process whose origin is uncertain and progression difficult to monitor and predict. Currently, a possibility is that PD may be secondary to long lasting peripheral affectations. In this regard, it has been shown that retinal degeneration is present in PD patients. Although it is unknown if retinal degeneration precedes PD motor symptoms, the possibility exists since degeneration of peripheral organs (e.g., olfaction, gut) have already been proven to antedate PD motor symptoms. In this paper, we explore this possibility by introducing the anatomical and functional relationship of retina and brain and providing an overview of the physiopathological changes of retinal structure and visual function in PD. On the basis of the current status of visual deficits in individuals with PD, we discuss the modalities and pathological mechanism of visual function or morphological changes in the retina and focus on the correlation between visual impairment and some representative structural features with clinical significance. To consider retinal degeneration as a contributor to PD origin and progress is important because PD evolution may be monitored and predicted by retinal studies through state-of-the-art techniques of the retina. It is significant to integrally understand the role of retinal morphological and functional changes in the neurodegenerative process for the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunhua Yue
- Department of Neurology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhua Yue,
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tian Tian,
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Yu WS, Kwon SH, Agadagba SK, Chan LLH, Wong KH, Lim LW. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation for Depression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092492. [PMID: 34572141 PMCID: PMC8466154 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) has emerged as a non-invasive neuromodulation approach that exerts neuroprotection via diverse mechanisms, including neurotrophic, neuroplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-glutamatergic, and vasodilation mechanisms. Although current studies of TES have mainly focused on its applications in ophthalmology, several lines of evidence point towards its putative use in treating depression. Apart from stimulating visual-related structures and promoting visual restoration, TES has also been shown to activate brain regions that are involved in mood alterations and can induce antidepressant-like behaviour in animals. The beneficial effects of TES in depression were further supported by its shared mechanisms with FDA-approved antidepressant treatments, including its neuroprotective properties against apoptosis and inflammation, and its ability to enhance the neurotrophic expression. This article critically reviews the current findings on the neuroprotective effects of TES and provides evidence to support our hypothesis that TES possesses antidepressant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Shan Yu
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.W.)
| | - So-Hyun Kwon
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.W.)
| | - Stephen Kugbere Agadagba
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.A.); (L.-L.-H.C.)
| | - Leanne-Lai-Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.A.); (L.-L.-H.C.)
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (W.-S.Y.); (S.-H.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Carrarini C, Russo M, Pagliaccio G, Dono F, Franciotti R, Deluca G, Nanni S, Saracino A, Onofrj M, Bonanni L. Visual evoked potential abnormalities in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:425-431. [PMID: 33653623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visuo-perceptual deficits and visual hallucinations (VHs) are common disturbances in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and those with Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, delays in visual evoked potential (VEP), reversed by l-dopa administration, have previously been observed in PD patients. Impairment in metabolic functions of dopaminergic amacrine cells within the inner plexiform layer of the retina has been largely documented and has been posited as the underlying cause of visual and retinal alterations in PD. The aims of the present study were to investigate the presence of VEP abnormalities in DLB patients, as compared to a PD control group, and to assess the presence of significant correlations between neurophysiological measures and clinical symptoms (i.e., presence of visuospatial deficits and/or visual hallucinations). METHODS Fifteen DLB patients and fifteen matched PD patients underwent pattern reversal before and after l-dopa administration, and a short neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS In DLB patients, we observed delay of the P100 latency to foveal stimuli in both eyes compared to normative values. Compared to PD, DLB patients showed higher values of the P100 latency for foveal stimulation from the right eye prior to l-dopa administration (p = 0.018). No correlations between VEP alterations, visuo-spatial deficit and visual hallucinations were found. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrated a longer P100 delay in DLB than in PD patients, especially along the right visual pathway. In contrast to previous studies, which focused on a dopaminergic pre-geniculate impairment of visual pathways, our evidence suggests that other mechanisms, possibly relying on thalamic involvement, which is known to be dysfunctional in DLB, can interfere with VEP abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carrarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Mirella Russo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Fedele Dono
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Raffaella Franciotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giulia Deluca
- Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Nanni
- Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Marco Onofrj
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Bonanni
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neurology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy.
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8
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Lawn T, Ffytche D. Cerebellar correlates of visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease and Charles Bonnet Syndrome. Cortex 2020; 135:311-325. [PMID: 33390262 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinations, percepts in the absence of external stimuli, are a shared feature of eye-disease (Charles Bonnet Syndrome, CBS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) thought to arise through pathophysiologically distinct mechanisms: deafferentation and attentional network dysfunction respectively. Recent studies have found an association between visual hallucinations and structural changes in the cerebellum without obvious link to either mechanism. Here, we employed Voxel Based Morphometry (VBM), optimised for the cerebellum using the Spatially Unbiased Infratentorial Template (SUIT), to characterise similarities and differences in cerebellar structure associated with visual hallucinations in PD and CBS. Grey and white matter volume (GMV & WMV) from patients with eye-disease (n = 12 hallucinators; n = 9 non-hallucinators) and PD (n = 7 hallucinators; n = 9 non-hallucinators) was examined in a 2-way ANOVA controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume. Comparing hallucinators to controls across both groups, lower GMV was found bilaterally within cerebellar lobule VIII extending to IX/VII. GMV reductions were also found in Crus 1, greater in PD than eye-disease. Predominantly within PD, hallucination-related lower WMV was found in the medulla. No regions of increased GMV or WMV were found. A correlation was observed between brainstem WMV and lobule VIIIb GMV suggesting a functional association. Lobule VIII comprises a functional node within the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN), linking these findings to current attentional theories of hallucinations, while Crus 1 is linked to cortical visual processing. These findings provide preliminary evidence of a cerebellar contribution to hallucinations that transcends clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Lawn
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Dominic Ffytche
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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9
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Diederich NJ, Uchihara T, Grillner S, Goetz CG. The Evolution-Driven Signature of Parkinson's Disease. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:475-492. [PMID: 32499047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we approach Parkinson's disease (PD) in the context of an evolutionary mismatch of central nervous system functions. The neurons at risk have hyperbranched axons, extensive transmitter release sites, display spontaneous spiking, and elevated mitochondrial stress. They function in networks largely unchanged throughout vertebrate evolution, but now connecting to the expanded human cortex. Their breakdown is favoured by longevity. At the cellular level, mitochondrial dysfunction starts at the synapses, then involves axons and cell bodies. At the behavioural level, network dysfunctions provoke the core motor syndrome of parkinsonism including freezing and failed gait automatization, and non-motor deficits including inactive blindsight and autonomic dysregulation. The proposed evolutionary re-interpretation of PD-prone cellular phenotypes and of prototypical clinical symptoms allows a new conceptual framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Diederich
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, L-1210 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe-Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo 164-8607, Japan; Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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10
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Lee J, Ahn J, Oh S, Shin JY, Kim YK, Nam H, Jeon B. Retina Thickness as a Marker of Neurodegeneration in Prodromal Lewy Body Disease. Mov Disord 2019; 35:349-354. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jee‐Young Lee
- Department of Neurology Seoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology Seoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Department of Biomedical Statistics Seoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology Seoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Seoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Nam
- Department of Neurology Seoul Metropolitan Government‐Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center and Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea
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11
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Pretegiani E, Vanegas-Arroyave N, FitzGibbon EJ, Hallett M, Optican LM. Evidence From Parkinson's Disease That the Superior Colliculus Couples Action and Perception. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1680-1689. [PMID: 31633242 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Action and perception should be coordinated for good visual-motor performance. The mechanism coupling action and perception may be a prominence map in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus that modulates motor and attentional/perceptual processes. This coordination comes with a cost: the misperception that briefly overlapping stimuli are separated in time. Our model predicts that abnormal intermediate layer of the superior colliculus inhibition, such as that arising from increased basal ganglia output, would affect the action and perception coupling, and it would worsen the misperception. OBJECTIVE To test the prominence map model by measuring reaction times and perceptions in human intermediate layer of the superior colliculus dysfunction. METHODS We measured the saccadic and perceptual reaction time changes and the percept for different temporal asynchronies between fixation point offset and peripheral target onset in Parkinson's disease (PD). RESULTS We found that increased basal ganglia inhibitory output to the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus prominence map disrupted the normal coupling of action and perception. With increasing temporal asynchronies, the PD perceptual reaction times increased approximately 3 times more than the increase of the saccadic reaction times. Also, PD subjects misperceive small overlaps as gaps for temporal asynchronies up to 3 times longer than controls. The results can be reproduced by an intermediate layer of the superior colliculus rostral-caudal gradient of inhibition. CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that a prominence map in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus couples action and perception through modulation of attention. A dysfunction of this network quantifies abnormal basal ganglia output and could underlie visual deficits, including common, yet poorly understood, misperceptions and visual-motor deficits of PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pretegiani
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nora Vanegas-Arroyave
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edmond J FitzGibbon
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lance M Optican
- Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Lauring JO, Pelowski M, Specker E, Ishizu T, Haugbøl S, Hollunder B, Leder H, Stender J, Kupers R. Parkinson's disease and changes in the appreciation of art: A comparison of aesthetic and formal evaluations of paintings between PD patients and healthy controls. Brain Cogn 2019; 136:103597. [PMID: 31491732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressing neurodegenerative disease predominantly involving the loss of dopamine producing neurons with hallmark symptoms of motor disorders and cognitive, motivational, emotional, and perceptual impairments. Intriguingly, PD can also be connected-often anecdotally-with a sudden burst of artistic creativity, motivation, or changed quality/style of produced art. This has led to growing empirical interest, promising a window into brain function and the unique neurological signature of artists. This topic also fits a growing interest from researchers in other areas, including Alzheimer's or other dementia, which have suggested that specific changes in art production/appraisal may provide a unique basis for therapy, diagnosis, or understanding of these diseases. However, whether PD also shows similar impacts on how we perceive and evaluate art has never been systematically addressed. We compared a cohort of PD patients against age-matched healthy controls, asking participants to rate paintings using scales of liking and beauty and terms pertaining to artworks' formal and conceptual qualities previously designed to provide a rubric for symptom identification. We found no evidence for PD-related differences in liking or beauty. However, PD patients showed higher ratings on assessed "emotionality," potentially relating to the tie between PD, dopamine pathways, and emotion/reward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon O Lauring
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, BRAINlab, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Matthew Pelowski
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Specker
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomohiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria; Faculty of Biosciences, Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Steven Haugbøl
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hollunder
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Leder
- Faculty of Psychology, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, A-1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johan Stender
- Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ron Kupers
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, BRAINlab, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Weil RS, Hsu JK, Darby RR, Soussand L, Fox MD. Neuroimaging in Parkinson's disease dementia: connecting the dots. Brain Commun 2019; 1:fcz006. [PMID: 31608325 PMCID: PMC6777517 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a common and devastating symptom of Parkinson's disease but the anatomical substrate remains unclear. Some evidence points towards hippocampal involvement but neuroimaging abnormalities have been reported throughout the brain and are largely inconsistent across studies. Here, we test whether these disparate neuroimaging findings for Parkinson's disease dementia localize to a common brain network. We used a literature search to identify studies reporting neuroimaging correlates of Parkinson's dementia (11 studies, 385 patients). We restricted our search to studies of brain atrophy and hypometabolism that compared Parkinson's patients with dementia to those without cognitive involvement. We used a standard coordinate-based activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis to assess for consistency in the neuroimaging findings. We then used a new approach, coordinate-based network mapping, to test whether neuroimaging findings localized to a common brain network. This approach uses resting-state functional connectivity from a large cohort of normative subjects (n = 1000) to identify the network of regions connected to a reported neuroimaging coordinate. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis failed to identify any brain regions consistently associated with Parkinson's dementia, showing major heterogeneity across studies. In contrast, coordinate-based network mapping found that these heterogeneous neuroimaging findings localized to a specific brain network centred on the hippocampus. Next, we tested whether this network showed symptom specificity and stage specificity by performing two further analyses. We tested symptom specificity by examining studies of Parkinson's hallucinations (9 studies, 402 patients) that are frequently co-morbid with Parkinson's dementia. We tested for stage specificity by using studies of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (15 studies, 844 patients). Coordinate-based network mapping revealed that correlates of visual hallucinations fell within a network centred on bilateral lateral geniculate nucleus and correlates of mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease fell within a network centred on posterior default mode network. In both cases, the identified networks were distinct from the hippocampal network of Parkinson's dementia. Our results link heterogeneous neuroimaging findings in Parkinson's dementia to a common network centred on the hippocampus. This finding was symptom and stage-specific, with implications for understanding Parkinson's dementia and heterogeneity of neuroimaging findings in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL, London,Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London,Berenson-Allen Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Correspondence to: Rimona S. Weil UCL Dementia Research Centre, 8-11 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG UK E-mail:
| | - Joey K Hsu
- Berenson-Allen Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan R Darby
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Louis Soussand
- Berenson-Allen Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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14
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Diederich NJ, James Surmeier D, Uchihara T, Grillner S, Goetz CG. Parkinson's disease: Is it a consequence of human brain evolution? Mov Disord 2019; 34:453-459. [PMID: 30759321 PMCID: PMC6593760 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Diederich
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Toshiki Uchihara
- Neurology Clinic with Neuromorphomics Laboratory, Nitobe Memorial Nakano General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Structural Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institut, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Pathological Changes to the Subcortical Visual System and its Relationship to Visual Hallucinations in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:295-300. [PMID: 30729454 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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16
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Why would Parkinson's disease lead to sudden changes in creativity, motivation, or style with visual art?: A review of case evidence and new neurobiological, contextual, and genetic hypotheses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 100:129-165. [PMID: 30629980 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a devastating diagnosis with, however, potential for an extremely intriguing aesthetic component. Despite motor and cognitive deficits, an emerging collection of studies report a burst of visual artistic output and alterations in produced art in a subgroup of patients. This provides a unique window into the neurophysiological bases for why and how we might create and enjoy visual art, as well as into general brain function and the nature of PD or other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there has not been a comprehensive organization of literature on this topic. Nor has there been an attempt to connect case evidence and knowledge on PD with present understanding of visual art making in psychology and neuroaesthetics in order to propose hypotheses for documented artistic changes. Here, we collect the current research on this topic, tie this to PD symptoms and neurobiology, and provide new theories focusing on dopaminergic neuron damage, over-stimulation from dopamine agonist therapy, and context or genetic factors revealing the neurobiological basis of the visual artistic brain.
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17
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Railo H, Olkoniemi H, Eeronheimo E, Pääkkönen O, Joutsa J, Kaasinen V. Dopamine and eye movement control in Parkinson's disease: deficits in corollary discharge signals? PeerJ 2018; 6:e6038. [PMID: 30568856 PMCID: PMC6287583 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement in Parkinson's disease (PD) is fragmented, and the patients depend on visual information in their behavior. This suggests that the patients may have deficits in internally monitoring their own movements. Internal monitoring of movements is assumed to rely on corollary discharge signals that enable the brain to predict the sensory consequences of actions. We studied early-stage PD patients (N = 14), and age-matched healthy control participants (N = 14) to examine whether PD patients reveal deficits in updating their sensory representations after eye movements. The participants performed a double-saccade task where, in order to accurately fixate a second target, the participant must correct for the displacement caused by the first saccade. In line with previous reports, the patients had difficulties in fixating the second target when the eye movement was performed without visual guidance. Furthermore, the patients had difficulties in taking into account the error in the first saccade when making a saccade toward the second target, especially when eye movements were made toward the side with dominant motor symptoms. Across PD patients, the impairments in saccadic eye movements correlated with the integrity of the dopaminergic system as measured with [123I]FP-CIT SPECT: Patients with lower striatal (caudate, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen) dopamine transporter binding made larger errors in saccades. This effect was strongest when patients made memory-guided saccades toward the second target. Our results provide tentative evidence that the motor deficits in PD may be partly due to deficits in internal monitoring of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Railo
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Olkoniemi
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Enni Eeronheimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Oona Pääkkönen
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Joutsa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Turku Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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18
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A mathematical model to mimic the shape of event related desynchronization/synchronization. J Theor Biol 2018; 453:117-124. [PMID: 29802963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic oscillatory activities of the sensory cortex have been observed after a presentation of a stimulus. This activity first drops dramatically and then increases considerably that are respectively named event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS). There are several effective factors that can alter the ERD and ERS pattern. In this study, a mathematical model was presented that produced ERD and ERS pattern in response to a stimulus. This model works based on the synchronization concepts. The proposed model provided different suggestions about the reason behind the relationship between the encoding of incoming sensory information and the oscillatory activities, effective factors on the characteristics of neuronal units, and how may these factors affect the amplitude and latency of the ERD and ERS.
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19
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Zhong M, Yang W, Huang B, Jiang W, Zhang X, Liu X, Wang L, Wang J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Lin J, Huang R. Effects of levodopa therapy on voxel-based degree centrality in Parkinson’s disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1202-1219. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Hunt D, Stuart S, Nell J, Hausdorff JM, Galna B, Rochester L, Alcock L. Do people with Parkinson’s disease look at task relevant stimuli when walking? An exploration of eye movements. Behav Brain Res 2018; 348:82-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Claustral structural connectivity and cognitive impairment in drug naïve Parkinson’s disease. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:933-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Railo H, Tuominen J, Kaasinen V, Pesonen H. Dynamic Changes in Cortical Effective Connectivity Underlie Transsaccadic Integration in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3609-3617. [PMID: 27365299 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to saccadic eye movements the retinal image is abruptly displaced 2-4 times a second, yet we experience a stable and continuous stream of vision. It is known that saccades modulate neural processing in various local brain areas, but the question of how saccades influence neural communication between different areas in the thalamo-cortical system has remained unanswered. By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography, we found that saccades were accompanied by dynamic changes in causal communication between different brain areas in humans. These changes were anticipatory; they began before the actual eye movement. Compared with fixation, communication between posterior cortical areas was first briefly enhanced during saccades, but subsequently peri-saccadic information did not ignite sustained activity in fronto-parietal cortices. This suggests that the brain constructs a spatially stable and temporally continuous stream of conscious vision from discrete fixations by restricting the access of peri-saccadic visual information to sustained processing in fronto-parietal cortices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Railo
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jarno Tuominen
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Pesonen
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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23
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Loureiro JR, Himmelbach M, Ethofer T, Pohmann R, Martin P, Bause J, Grodd W, Scheffler K, Hagberg GE. In-vivo quantitative structural imaging of the human midbrain and the superior colliculus at 9.4T. Neuroimage 2018; 177:117-128. [PMID: 29729391 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored anatomical details of the superior colliculus (SC) by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9.4T. The high signal-to-noise ratio allowed the acquisition of high resolution, multi-modal images with voxel sizes ranging between 176 × 132 × 600 μm and (800)3μm. Quantitative mapping of the longitudinal relaxation rate R1, the effective transverse relaxation rate R2*, and the magnetic susceptibility QSM was performed in 14 healthy volunteers. The images were analyzed in native space as well as after normalization to a common brain space (MNI). The coefficient-of-variation (CoV) across subjects was evaluated in prominent regions of the midbrain, reaching the best reproducibility (CoV of 5%) in the R2* maps of the SC in MNI space, while the CoV in the QSM maps remained high regardless of brain-space. To investigate whether more complex neurobiological architectural features could be detected, depth profiles through the SC layers towards the red nucleus (RN) were evaluated at different levels of the SC along the rostro-caudal axis. This analysis revealed alterations of the quantitative MRI parameters concordant with previous post mortem histology studies of the cyto- and myeloarchitecture of the SC. In general, the R1 maps were hyperintense in areas characterized by the presence of abundant myelinated fibers, and likely enabled detection of the deep white layer VII of the SC adjacent to the periaqueductal gray. While R1 maps failed to reveal finer details, possibly due to the relatively coarse spatial sampling used for this modality, these could be recovered in R2* maps and in QSM. In the central part of the SC along its rostro-caudal axis, increased R2* values and decreased susceptibility values were observed 2 mm below the SC surface, likely reflecting the myelinated fibers in the superficial optic layer (layer III). Towards the deeper layers, a second increase in R2* was paralleled by a paramagnetic shift in QSM suggesting the presence of an iron-rich layer about 3 mm below the surface of the SC, attributed to the intermediate gray layer (IV) composed of multipolar neurons. These results dovetail observations in histological specimens and animal studies and demonstrate that high-resolution multi-modal MRI at 9.4T can reveal several microstructural features of the SC in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Loureiro
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Division of Neuropsychology, Centre for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Himmelbach
- Division of Neuropsychology, Centre for Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Germany
| | - Thomas Ethofer
- Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Pohmann
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Martin
- Department of General Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Bause
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Grodd
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisela E Hagberg
- High Field Magnetic Resonance Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Eberhard Karl's University, Tübingen and University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Schindlbeck KA, Schönfeld S, Naumann W, Friedrich DJ, Maier A, Rewitzer C, Klostermann F, Marzinzik F. Characterization of diplopia in non-demented patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 45:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Correlations between dopamine transporter density measured by 123I-FP-CIT SPECT and regional gray matter volume in Parkinson’s disease. Jpn J Radiol 2017; 35:755-759. [DOI: 10.1007/s11604-017-0694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Kordys E, Apetz N, Schneider K, Duncan E, Büschbell B, Rohleder C, Sué M, Drzezga A, Neumaier B, Timmermann L, Endepols H. Motor impairment and compensation in a hemiparkinsonian rat model: correlation between dopamine depletion severity, cerebral metabolism and gait patterns. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:68. [PMID: 28831764 PMCID: PMC5567589 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral dopamine depletion is associated with PD subtype-specific metabolic patterns of hypo- and hypermetabolism. It has been hypothesised that hypometabolism reflects impairment, while hypermetabolism may indicate compensatory activity. In order to associate metabolic patterns with pathophysiological and compensatory mechanisms, we combined resting state [18F]FDG-PET (to demonstrate brain metabolism in awake animals), [18F]FDOPA-PET (dopamine depletion severity) and gait analysis in a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine rat model. RESULTS We found unilateral nigro-striatal dopaminergic loss to decrease swing speed of the contralesional forelimb and stride length of all paws in association with depletion severity. Depletion severity was found to correlate with compensatory changes such as increased stance time of the other three paws and diagonal weight shift to the ipsilesional hind paw. [18F]FDG-PET revealed ipsilesional hypo- and contralesional hypermetabolism; metabolic deactivation of the ipsilesional network needed for sensorimotor integration (hippocampus/retrosplenial cortex/lateral posterior thalamus) was solely associated with bradykinesia, but hypometabolism of the ipsilesional rostral forelimb area was related to both pathological and compensatory gait changes. Mixed effects were also found for hypermetabolism of the contralesional midbrain locomotor region, while contralesional striatal hyperactivation was linked to motor impairments rather than compensation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ipsilesional hypo- and contralesional hypermetabolism contribute to both motor impairment and compensation. This is the first time when energy metabolism, dopamine depletion and gait analysis were combined in a hemiparkinsonian model. By experimentally increasing or decreasing compensational brain activity, its potential and limits can be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Kordys
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Nadine Apetz
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Eilidh Duncan
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Beatriz Büschbell
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Cathrin Rohleder
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Sué
- Max-Planck Institute of Metabolism Research, Gleueler Str. 50, 50931, Köln, Germany
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Bernd Neumaier
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.,Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5: Nuclear Chemistry, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Heike Endepols
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Köln, Germany.
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27
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Jellinger KA. Neuropathology of Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:13-62. [PMID: 28802920 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a multiorgan neurodegenerative disorder associated with α-synuclein deposits throughout the nervous system and many organs, is clinically characterized by motor and nonmotor features, many of the latter antedating motor dysfunctions by 20 or more years. The causes of the nonmotor manifestations such as olfactory, autonomic, sensory, neuropsychiatric, visuospatial, sleep, and other disorders are unlikely to be related to single lesions. They are mediated by the involvement of both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic systems, and diverse structures outside the nigrostriatal system that is mainly responsible for the motor features of PD. The nonmotor alterations appear in early/prodromal stages of the disease and its further progression, suggesting a topographical and chronological spread of the lesions. This lends further support for the notion that PD is a multiorgan proteinopathy, although the exact relationship between presymptomatic and later developing nonmotor features of PD and neuropathology awaits further elucidation.
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28
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Erskine D, Thomas AJ, Taylor JP, Savage MA, Attems J, McKeith IG, Morris CM, Khundakar AA. Neuronal Loss and Α-Synuclein Pathology in the Superior Colliculus and Its Relationship to Visual Hallucinations in Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 25:595-604. [PMID: 28190674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) often experience visual hallucinations, which are related to decreased quality of life for patients and increased caregiver distress. The pathologic changes that contribute to visual hallucinations are not known, but several hypotheses implicate deficient attentional processing. The superior colliculus has a role in visual attention and planning eye movements and has been directly implicated in several models of visual hallucinations. Therefore, the present study sought to identify neurodegenerative changes that may contribute to hallucinations in DLB. METHODS Postmortem superior colliculus tissue from 13 comparison, 10 DLB, and 10 Alzheimer disease (AD) cases was evaluated using quantitative neuropathologic methods. RESULTS α-Synuclein and tau deposition were more severe in deeper layers of the superior colliculus. DLB cases had neuronal density reductions in the stratum griseum intermedium, an important structure in directing attention toward visual targets. In contrast, neuronal density was reduced in all laminae of the superior colliculus in AD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that regions involved in directing attention toward visual targets are subject to neurodegenerative changes in DLB. Considering several hypotheses of visual hallucinations implicating dysfunctional attention toward external stimuli, these findings may provide evidence of pathologic changes that contribute to the manifestation of visual hallucinations in DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Erskine
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Savage
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Attems
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad A Khundakar
- Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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29
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Chang A, Fox SH. Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management. Drugs 2017; 76:1093-118. [PMID: 27312429 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and are associated with poorer quality of life and increased caregiver burden. PD psychosis is correlated with several factors, such as more advanced disease, cognitive impairment, depression, and sleep disorders. The underlying causes of psychosis in PD thus involve a complex interplay between exogenous (e.g., drugs, intercurrent illnesses) and endogenous (e.g., PD disease pathology) factors. Current theories of the pathophysiology of PD psychosis have come from several neuropathological and neuroimaging studies that implicate pathways involving visual processing and executive function, including temporo-limbic structures and neocortical gray matter with altered neurotransmitter functioning (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine). Treatment of PD psychosis requires a step-wise process, including initial careful investigation of treatable triggering conditions and a comprehensive evaluation with adjustment of PD medications and/or initiation of specific antipsychotic therapies. Clozapine remains the only recommended drug for the treatment of PD psychosis; however, because of regular blood monitoring, quetiapine is usually first-line therapy, although less efficacious. Emerging studies have focused on agents involving other neurotransmitters, including the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor inverse agonist pimavanserin, cholinesterase inhibitors, and antidepressants and anxiolytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Chang
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, 7th Floor, McLaughlin Pavilion, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan H Fox
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, 7th Floor, McLaughlin Pavilion, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
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Ffytche DH, Pereira JB, Ballard C, Chaudhuri KR, Weintraub D, Aarsland D. Risk factors for early psychosis in PD: insights from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:325-331. [PMID: 28315846 PMCID: PMC5362125 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2016-314832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's Disease (PD) psychosis refers to the spectrum of illusions, formed hallucinations and delusions that occur in PD. Visual hallucinations and illusions are thought to be caused by specific cognitive and higher visual function deficits and patients who develop such symptoms early in the disease course have greater rates of cognitive decline and progression to dementia. To date, no studies have investigated whether such deficits are found prior to the onset of PD psychosis. METHOD Here we compare baseline cognitive, biomarker (structural imaging and cerebrospinal fluid) and other PD psychosis risk factor data in patients who go on to develop illusions or hallucinations within 3-4 years of follow-up in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative cohort of newly diagnosed PD. RESULTS Of n=423 patients with PD, n=115 (27%) reported predominantly illusions with the median time of onset at 19.5 months follow-up. At study entry these patients had reduced CSF amyloid Aß1-42, lower olfaction scores, higher depression scores and increased REM sleep behaviour disorder symptoms compared to patients without early onset PD psychosis but no differences in cognitive, higher visual or structural imaging measures. A subset of patients with early onset formed hallucinations (n=21) had reduced higher visual function at baseline, cortical thinning in parietal, occipital and frontal cortex and reduced hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest early onset illusions and formed hallucinations are linked to amyloid pathology in PD and point to a difference in the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of illusions and formed hallucinations, with implications for their respective links to future cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic H Ffytche
- KCL-PARCOG Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joana B Pereira
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clive Ballard
- KCL-PARCOG Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- KCL-PARCOG Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, The Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- KCL-PARCOG Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centres (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dag Aarsland
- KCL-PARCOG Group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Centre of Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Soares SC, Maior RS, Isbell LA, Tomaz C, Nishijo H. Fast Detector/First Responder: Interactions between the Superior Colliculus-Pulvinar Pathway and Stimuli Relevant to Primates. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:67. [PMID: 28261046 PMCID: PMC5314318 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primates are distinguished from other mammals by their heavy reliance on the visual sense, which occurred as a result of natural selection continually favoring those individuals whose visual systems were more responsive to challenges in the natural world. Here we describe two independent but also interrelated visual systems, one cortical and the other subcortical, both of which have been modified and expanded in primates for different functions. Available evidence suggests that while the cortical visual system mainly functions to give primates the ability to assess and adjust to fluid social and ecological environments, the subcortical visual system appears to function as a rapid detector and first responder when time is of the essence, i.e., when survival requires very quick action. We focus here on the subcortical visual system with a review of behavioral and neurophysiological evidence that demonstrates its sensitivity to particular, often emotionally charged, ecological and social stimuli, i.e., snakes and fearful and aggressive facial expressions in conspecifics. We also review the literature on subcortical involvement during another, less emotional, situation that requires rapid detection and response-visually guided reaching and grasping during locomotion-to further emphasize our argument that the subcortical visual system evolved as a rapid detector/first responder, a function that remains in place today. Finally, we argue that investigating deficits in this subcortical system may provide greater understanding of Parkinson's disease and Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Soares
- Department of Education and Psychology, CINTESIS.UA, University of AveiroAveiro, Portugal
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
- William James Research Center, Instituto Superior de Psicologia AplicadaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafael S. Maior
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
| | - Lynne A. Isbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Tomaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Primate Center, Institute of Biology, University of BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
- Ceuma University, Neuroscience Research CoordinationSão Luis, Brazil
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
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Ffytche DH, Creese B, Politis M, Chaudhuri KR, Weintraub D, Ballard C, Aarsland D. The psychosis spectrum in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2017; 13:81-95. [PMID: 28106066 PMCID: PMC5656278 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2016.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In 2007, the clinical and research profile of illusions, hallucinations, delusions and related symptoms in Parkinson disease (PD) was raised with the publication of a consensus definition of PD psychosis. Symptoms that were previously deemed benign and clinically insignificant were incorporated into a continuum of severity, leading to the rapid expansion of literature focusing on clinical aspects, mechanisms and treatment. Here, we review this literature and the evolving view of PD psychosis. Key topics include the prospective risk of dementia in individuals with PD psychosis, and the causal and modifying effects of PD medication. We discuss recent developments, including recognition of an increase in the prevalence of psychosis with disease duration, addition of new visual symptoms to the psychosis continuum, and identification of frontal executive, visual perceptual and memory dysfunction at different disease stages. In addition, we highlight novel risk factors - for example, autonomic dysfunction - that have emerged from prospective studies, structural MRI evidence of frontal, parietal, occipital and hippocampal involvement, and approval of pimavanserin for the treatment of PD psychosis. The accumulating evidence raises novel questions and directions for future research to explore the clinical management and biomarker potential of PD psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic H Ffytche
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Marios Politis
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - K Ray Chaudhuri
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence, King's College London/Kings College Hospital, 5 Cutcombe Road, London SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania 3615 Chestnut Street, #330, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centres (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Centre 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Clive Ballard
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- KCL-PARCOG group, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Erskine D, Thomas AJ, Attems J, Taylor JP, McKeith IG, Morris CM, Khundakar AA. Specific patterns of neuronal loss in the pulvinar nucleus in dementia with lewy bodies. Mov Disord 2017; 32:414-422. [PMID: 28059471 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex visual hallucinations occur in 70%-80% of dementia with Lewy bodies patients and significantly affect well-being. Despite the prevalence of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies, the neuropathological basis of this phenomenon is poorly understood. The pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus has not previously been neuropathologically examined, but has been linked to visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies. The objective of this study was to investigate whether neuropathological or morphometric changes occur in the pulvinar nucleus in dementia with Lewy bodies cases that may contribute to visual hallucinations. METHODS Postmortem pulvinar tissue was acquired from 8 individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies, 8 with Alzheimer's disease, and 8 control cases and was analyzed using stereological and quantitative neuropathological techniques. RESULTS Lewy body pathology was present throughout the pulvinar in dementia with Lewy bodies but was most severe in the medial pulvinar. Neuronal loss was found in the lateral pulvinar in dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease but was more severe in dementia with Lewy bodies. CONCLUSIONS The pulvinar has an important role in visual attention, visual target selection and affective visual perception. These functions are thought to be deficient in dementia with Lewy bodies and may contribute a vulnerability to visual hallucinations. Therefore, this study has demonstrated neuropathological changes that may promote the manifestation of visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Erskine
- Institute of Neuroscience, Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Medical Toxicology Centre, Wolfson Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Newcastle University, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience, Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Medical Toxicology Centre, Wolfson Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Newcastle University, Claremont Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad A Khundakar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Ageing Research Laboratories, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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34
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Friedman JH. Misperceptions and Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 2017; 374:42-46. [PMID: 28073433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the neurobehavioral aspects of Parkinson's disease have been well established and studied, but many are not well known, and hardly studied. This article focuses on several behavioral abnormalities that are common, and frequently cause difficulty for the patient and family due to lack of recognition as part of the disease. While it is well known that L-Dopa dyskinesias are frequently not recognized or under appreciated by patients, a similar lack of recognition may affect the patient's own speech volume, where their center of gravity is located, whether they are tilted to one side, and their under-recognition of others' emotional displays. In addition, PD patients are often misperceived by others incorrect impression of their emotional and cognitive state based purely on facial expression. These changes and others are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph H Friedman
- Butler Hospital, Dept of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906, USA.
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35
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ffytche DH, Aarsland D. Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 133:585-622. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Weil RS, Schrag AE, Warren JD, Crutch SJ, Lees AJ, Morris HR. Visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2016; 139:2827-2843. [PMID: 27412389 PMCID: PMC5091042 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease have a number of specific visual disturbances. These include changes in colour vision and contrast sensitivity and difficulties with complex visual tasks such as mental rotation and emotion recognition. We review changes in visual function at each stage of visual processing from retinal deficits, including contrast sensitivity and colour vision deficits to higher cortical processing impairments such as object and motion processing and neglect. We consider changes in visual function in patients with common Parkinson's disease-associated genetic mutations including GBA and LRRK2 . We discuss the association between visual deficits and clinical features of Parkinson's disease such as rapid eye movement sleep behavioural disorder and the postural instability and gait disorder phenotype. We review the link between abnormal visual function and visual hallucinations, considering current models for mechanisms of visual hallucinations. Finally, we discuss the role of visuo-perceptual testing as a biomarker of disease and predictor of dementia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimona S. Weil
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- 3 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Anette E. Schrag
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Jason D. Warren
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- 4 Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sebastian J. Crutch
- 4 Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew J. Lees
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Huw R. Morris
- 1 Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- 2 National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
- 3 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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Rahimi J, Milenkovic I, Kovacs GG. Patterns of Tau and α-Synuclein Pathology in the Visual System. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:333-40. [PMID: 25737267 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-140485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spreading of misfolded proteins has been suggested for neurodegenerative diseases. The hierarchical distribution of protein deposits in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) supports this concept. OBJECTIVES To evaluate α-synuclein and tau-deposition in the optic pathway as an excellent anatomical model, which follows a strict trajectory including a cortico-geniculate feedback connection. METHODS We immunostained the optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and occipital cortex for AT8 (phosphorylated tau), α-synuclein, and disease-associated prion protein (PrP) in 47 cases with tau pathology (AD type, argyrophilic grain disease, or progressive supranuclear palsy), 16 PD, and 5 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) cases, respectively. RESULTS We detected immunoreactivity for all proteins along the optic pathway. The optic nerve showed immunopositivity only in cases with tau (6/8, 75%) or α-synuclein (5/7, 71%) pathology. The LGN was involved also frequently (tau: 22/47, 46.8% ; α-synuclein: 15/16, 93.7% ; PrP 5/5, 100%). The occipital cortex was variably affected by tau or α-synuclein pathology, but always showed PrP immunoreactivity in the CJD cases. Tau pathology in the LGN correlated with tau immunoreactivity in the occipital cortex and Braak stages of neurofibrillary degeneration. In tauopathies, which do not involve the occipital cortex, like argyrophilic grain disease or progressive supranuclear palsy, tau pathology was more frequently astrocytic in the LGN. CONCLUSIONS Our results have implications 1) for the understanding of disease spreading along neural pathways and 2) for the diagnostic evaluation of the visual system in neurodegenerative proteinopathies as a potential biomarker to evaluate disease progression or subgrouping of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Rahimi
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Zhu M, Li M, Ye D, Jiang W, Lei T, Shu K. Sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:685-92. [PMID: 26948282 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Anesthesiology; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Dawei Ye
- Department of Neoplasm; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Lee JY, Yoon EJ, Lee WW, Kim YK, Lee JY, Jeon B. Lateral geniculate atrophy in Parkinson's with visual hallucination: A trans-synaptic degeneration? Mov Disord 2016; 31:547-54. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Young Lee
- Department of Neurology; Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Woo Lee
- Department of Neurology; Eulji General Hospital; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry; Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center; Seoul Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology; Seoul National University Hospital; Seoul Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine; Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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40
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Perathoner S, Cordero-Maldonado ML, Crawford AD. Potential of zebrafish as a model for exploring the role of the amygdala in emotional memory and motivational behavior. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:445-62. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Perathoner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Belvaux Luxembourg
| | | | - Alexander D. Crawford
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB); University of Luxembourg; Belvaux Luxembourg
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41
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Diederich NJ, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Goetz CG. Failing as doorman and disc jockey at the same time: Amygdalar dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 31:11-22. [PMID: 26650182 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In Braak's model of ascending degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), involvement of the amygdala occurs simultaneously with substantia nigra degeneration. However, the clinical manifestations of amygdalar involvement in PD have not been fully delineated. Considered a multitask manager, the amygdala is a densely connected "hub," coordinating and integrating tasks ranging from prompt, multisensorial emotion recognition to adequate emotional responses and emotional tuning of memories. Although phylogenetically predisposed to handle fear, the amygdala handles both aversive and positive emotional inputs. In PD, neuropathological and in vivo studies suggest primarily amygdalar hypofunction. However, as dopamine acts as an inverted U-shaped amygdalar modulator, medication-induced hyperactivity of the amygdala can occur. We propose that amygdalar (network) dysfunction contributes to reduced recognition of negative emotional face expressions, impaired theory of mind, reactive hypomimia, and impaired decision making. Similarly, impulse control disorders in predisposed individuals, hallucinations, anxiety, and panic attacks may be related to amygdalar dysfunction. When available, we discuss amygdala-independent trigger mechanisms of these symptoms. Although dopaminergic agents have mostly an activation effect on amygdalar function, adaptive and compensatory network changes may occur as well, but these have not been sufficiently explored. In conclusion, our model of amygdalar involvement brings together several elements of Parkinson's disease phenomenology heretofore left unexplained and provides a framework for testable hypotheses in patients during life and in autopsy analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico J Diederich
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg-City, Luxembourg.,Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Esch-Belval, Esch-s.-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer G Goldman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christopher G Goetz
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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42
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Proteomic analysis for early neurodegenerative biomarker detection in an animal model. Biochimie 2015; 121:79-86. [PMID: 26631339 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to xenobiotics in the early stages of life represents the most important component in the etiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. Proteomic analysis of plasma and brain samples from early life treated animal model was performed in order to identify early biomarkers of neurodegeneration. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry identified four proteins in the plasma of adolescent rats that deviated from the control group. Low expression levels of transthyretin and plasma transferrin, and the absence of long-chain fatty acid transport 1 were measured. On the other hand, the same proteomic approach was done on striatum of an adult rat model of neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase and voltage-dependent anion channel were under expressed, while mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, myelin basic protein and ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 were absent in striatum of animal model compared to control group. Data show that early biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegeneration can be obtained by proteomic analysis, starting from adolescent age and the results highlight the time frame for the onset of neurodegeneration due to early exposure to xenobiotics.
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Altered functional connectivity in lesional peduncular hallucinosis with REM sleep behavior disorder. Cortex 2015; 74:96-106. [PMID: 26656284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Brainstem lesions causing peduncular hallucinosis (PH) produce vivid visual hallucinations occasionally accompanied by sleep disorders. Overlapping brainstem regions modulate visual pathways and REM sleep functions via gating of thalamocortical networks. A 66-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation developed abrupt-onset complex visual hallucinations with preserved insight and violent dream enactment behavior. Brain MRI showed restricted diffusion in the left rostrodorsal pons suggestive of an acute ischemic stroke. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) was diagnosed on polysomnography. We investigated the integrity of ponto-geniculate-occipital circuits with seed-based resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) in this patient compared to 46 controls. Rs-fcMRI revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between the lesion and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN), and between LGN and visual association cortex compared to controls. Conversely, functional connectivity between brainstem and visual association cortex, and between visual association cortex and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was significantly increased in the patient. Focal damage to the rostrodorsal pons is sufficient to cause RBD and PH in humans, suggesting an overlapping mechanism in both syndromes. This lesion produced a pattern of altered functional connectivity consistent with disrupted visual cortex connectivity via de-afferentation of thalamocortical pathways.
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Singh G, Samavedham L. Unsupervised learning based feature extraction for differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: A case study on early-stage diagnosis of Parkinson disease. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 256:30-40. [PMID: 26304693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of MRI based methods could prove extremely valuable for identification of reliable biomarkers to aid diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). A great deal of current research has been aimed at identification biomarkers for both diagnosis at early stage and evaluation of the progression of NDs. NEW METHOD We present here a novel synergetic paradigm integrating Kohonen self organizing map (KSOM) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) for individual-level clinical diagnosis of NDs. Feature are extracted in an unsupervised manner using KSOM on preprocessed brain MRIs. Thereafter, these features are fed as input to LSSVM for subject classification. RESULTS The applicability of the proposed methodology has been demonstrated using 831 T1-weighted MRIs obtained from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. We have achieved classification accuracy of up to 99% for differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease with confidence interval of 99.9%. COMPARISON WITH OTHER EXISTING METHODS The potential for translation of similar research findings to clinical application is greatly dependent upon two factors (1) accuracy of subject classification achieved and (2) size of the dataset used. Here, we report very high accuracy achieved on one of the largest MRI datasets using multivariate analysis tools. CONCLUSIONS In this paper, we describe a methodology that has the potential to be translated into first-line diagnostic tool for NDs. We also demonstrate the applicability of this methodology for diagnosing PD subjects in early stages of the disease, i.e., subjects in age of 31-60 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Lakshminarayanan Samavedham
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Residential College 4, 8 College Avenue West, #02-16W, Education Resource Centre, Singapore 138608, Singapore.
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Díaz-Santos M, Cao B, Yazdanbakhsh A, Norton DJ, Neargarder S, Cronin-Golomb A. Perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidity in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 2015; 69:183-93. [PMID: 25640973 PMCID: PMC4344854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with motor and non-motor rigidity symptoms (e.g., cognitive and personality). The question is raised as to whether rigidity in PD also extends to perception, and if so, whether perceptual, cognitive, and personality rigidities are correlated. Bistable stimuli were presented to 28 non-demented individuals with PD and 26 normal control adults (NC). Necker cube perception and binocular rivalry were examined during passive viewing, and the Necker cube was additionally used for two volitional-control conditions: Hold one percept in front, and Switch between the two percepts. Relative to passive viewing, PD were significantly less able than NC to reduce dominance durations in the Switch condition, indicating perceptual rigidity. Tests of cognitive flexibility and a personality questionnaire were administered to explore the association with perceptual rigidity. Cognitive flexibility was not correlated with perceptual rigidity for either group. Personality (novelty seeking) correlated with dominance durations on Necker passive viewing for PD but not NC. The results indicate the presence in mild-moderate PD of perceptual rigidity and suggest shared neural substrates with novelty seeking, but functional divergence from those supporting cognitive flexibility. The possibility is raised that perceptual rigidity may be a harbinger of cognitive inflexibility later in the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Díaz-Santos
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Bo Cao
- Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Arash Yazdanbakhsh
- Center for Computational Neuroscience and Neural Technology, Boston University, 677 Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Daniel J Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Sandy Neargarder
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Psychology, Hart Hall, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02325, USA.
| | - Alice Cronin-Golomb
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 648 Beacon Street, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Norton DJ, Jaywant A, Gallart-Palau X, Cronin-Golomb A. Normal discrimination of spatial frequency and contrast across visual hemifields in left-onset Parkinson's disease: evidence against perceptual hemifield biases. Vision Res 2014; 107:94-100. [PMID: 25498374 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) with symptom onset on the left side of the body (LPD) show a mild type of left-sided visuospatial neglect, whereas those with right-onset (RPD) generally do not. The functional mechanisms underlying these observations are unknown. Two hypotheses are that the representation of left-space in LPD is either compressed or reduced in salience. We tested these hypotheses psychophysically. Participants were 31 non-demented adults with PD (15 LPD, 16 RPD) and 17 normal control adults (NC). The spatial compression hypothesis was tested by showing two sinusoidal gratings, side by side. One grating's spatial frequency (SF) was varied across trials, following a staircase procedure, whereas the comparison grating was held at a constant SF. While fixating on a central target, participants estimated the point at which they perceived the two gratings to be equal in SF. The reduced salience hypothesis was tested in a similar way, but by manipulating the contrast of the test grating rather than its SF. There were no significant differences between groups in the degree of bias across hemifields for SF discrimination or for contrast discrimination. Results did not support either the spatial compression hypothesis or the reduced salience hypothesis. Instead, they suggest that at this perceptual level, LPD do not have a systematically biased way of representing space in the left hemifield that differs from healthy individuals, nor do they perceive stimuli on the left as less salient than stimuli on the right. Neglect-like syndrome in LPD instead presumably arises from dysfunction of higher-order attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA
| | - Abhishek Jaywant
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA
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