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Olgiati E, Violante IR, Xu S, Sinclair TG, Li LM, Crow JN, Kapsetaki ME, Calvo R, Li K, Nayar M, Grossman N, Patel MC, Wise RJS, Malhotra PA. Targeted non-invasive brain stimulation boosts attention and modulates contralesional brain networks following right hemisphere stroke. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103599. [PMID: 38608376 PMCID: PMC11019269 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Right hemisphere stroke patients frequently present with a combination of lateralised and non-lateralised attentional deficits characteristic of the neglect syndrome. Attentional deficits are associated with poor functional outcome and are challenging to treat, with non-lateralised deficits often persisting into the chronic stage and representing a common complaint among patients and families. In this study, we investigated the effects of non-invasive brain stimulation on non-lateralised attentional deficits in right-hemispheric stroke. In a randomised double-blind sham-controlled crossover study, twenty-two patients received real and sham transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) whilst performing a non-lateralised attentional task. A high definition tDCS montage guided by stimulation modelling was employed to maximise current delivery over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a key node in the vigilance network. In a parallel study, we examined brain network response to this tDCS montage by carrying out concurrent fMRI during stimulation in healthy participants and patients. At the group level, stimulation improved target detection in patients, reducing overall error rate when compared with sham stimulation. TDCS boosted performance throughout the duration of the task, with its effects briefly outlasting stimulation cessation. Exploratory lesion analysis indicated that response to stimulation was related to lesion location rather than volume. In particular, reduced stimulation response was associated with damage to the thalamus and postcentral gyrus. Concurrent stimulation-fMRI revealed that tDCS did not affect local connectivity but influenced functional connectivity within large-scale networks in the contralesional hemisphere. This combined behavioural and functional imaging approach shows that brain stimulation targeted to surviving tissue in the ipsilesional hemisphere improves non-lateralised attentional deficits following stroke. This effect may be exerted via contralesional network effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Olgiati
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK.
| | - Ines R Violante
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; University of Surrey, Department of Psychology, UK
| | - Shuler Xu
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; University College London, UK
| | | | - Lucia M Li
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London, UK
| | - Jennifer N Crow
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Roberta Calvo
- UTHealth, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, Houston, US
| | - Korina Li
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; University College London, UK
| | | | - Nir Grossman
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London, UK
| | - Maneesh C Patel
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | - Richard J S Wise
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK
| | - Paresh A Malhotra
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, London, UK
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2
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Popovova J, Mazloum R, Macauda G, Stämpfli P, Vuilleumier P, Frühholz S, Scharnowski F, Menon V, Michels L. Enhanced attention-related alertness following right anterior insular cortex neurofeedback training. iScience 2024; 27:108915. [PMID: 38318347 PMCID: PMC10839684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The anterior insular cortex, a central node of the salience network, plays a critical role in cognitive control and attention. Here, we investigated the feasibility of enhancing attention using real-time fMRI neurofeedback training that targets the right anterior insular cortex (rAIC). 56 healthy adults underwent two neurofeedback training sessions. The experimental group received feedback from neural responses in the rAIC, while control groups received sham feedback from the primary visual cortex or no feedback. Cognitive functioning was evaluated before, immediately after, and three months post-training. Our results showed that only the rAIC neurofeedback group successfully increased activity in the rAIC. Furthermore, this group showed enhanced attention-related alertness up to three months after the training. Our findings provide evidence for the potential of rAIC neurofeedback as a viable approach for enhancing attention-related alertness, which could pave the way for non-invasive therapeutic strategies to address conditions characterized by attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Popovova
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Mazloum
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Macauda
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Stämpfli
- MR-Center of the Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics and the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neurosciences and Clinic of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Frühholz
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0851 Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Scharnowski
- Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vinod Menon
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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3
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Geiser N, Kaufmann BC, Knobel SEJ, Cazzoli D, Nef T, Nyffeler T. Comparison of uni- and multimodal motion stimulation on visual neglect: A proof-of-concept study. Cortex 2024; 171:194-203. [PMID: 38007863 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is characterized by the failure to attend stimuli presented in the contralesional space. Typically, the visual modality is more severely impaired than the auditory one. This dissociation offers the possibility of cross-modal interactions, whereby auditory stimuli may have beneficial effects on the visual modality. A new auditory motion stimulation method with music dynamically moving from the right to the left hemispace has recently been shown to improve visual neglect. The aim of the present study was twofold: a) to compare the effects of unimodal auditory against visual motion stimulation, i.e., smooth pursuit training, which is an established therapeutical approach in neglect therapy and b) to explore whether a combination of auditory + visual motion stimulation, i.e., multimodal motion stimulation, would be more effective than unimodal auditory or visual motion stimulation. 28 patients with left-sided neglect due to a first-ever, right-hemispheric subacute stroke were included. Patients either received auditory, visual, or multimodal motion stimulation. The between-group effect of each motion stimulation condition as well as a control group without motion stimulation was investigated by means of a one-way ANOVA with the patient's visual exploration behaviour as an outcome variable. Our results showed that unimodal auditory motion stimulation is equally effective as unimodal visual motion stimulation: both interventions significantly improved neglect compared to the control group. Multimodal motion stimulation also significantly improved neglect, however, did not show greater improvement than unimodal auditory or visual motion stimulation alone. Besides the established visual motion stimulation, this proof-of-concept study suggests that auditory motion stimulation seems to be an alternative promising therapeutic approach to improve visual attention in neglect patients. Multimodal motion stimulation does not lead to any additional therapeutic gain. In neurorehabilitation, the implementation of either auditory or visual motion stimulation seems therefore reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Geiser
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland; Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Dario Cazzoli
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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4
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Gärtner M, Weigand A, Meiering MS, Weigner D, Carstens L, Keicher C, Hertrampf R, Beckmann C, Mennes M, Wunder A, Grimm S. Region- and time- specific effects of ketamine on cerebral blood flow: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:1735-1741. [PMID: 37231079 PMCID: PMC10579356 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
There is intriguing evidence suggesting that ketamine might have distinct acute and delayed neurofunctional effects, as its acute administration transiently induces schizophrenia-like symptoms, while antidepressant effects slowly emerge and are most pronounced 24 h after administration. Studies attempting to characterize ketamine's mechanism of action by using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) imaging have yielded inconsistent results regarding implicated brain regions and direction of effects. This may be due to intrinsic properties of the BOLD contrast, while cerebral blood flow (CBF), as measured with arterial spin labeling, is a single physiological marker more directly related to neural activity. As effects of acute ketamine challenge are sensitive to modulation by pretreatment with lamotrigine, which inhibits glutamate release, a combination of these approaches should be particularly suited to offer novel insights. In total, 75 healthy participants were investigated in a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, parallel-group study and underwent two scanning sessions (acute/post 24 h.). Acute ketamine administration was associated with higher perfusion in interior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), but no other investigated brain region. Inhibition of glutamate release by pretreatment with lamotrigine abolished ketamine's effect on perfusion. At the delayed time point, pretreatment with lamotrigine was associated with lower perfusion in IFG. These findings underscore the idea that regionally selective patterns of CBF changes reflect proximate effects of modulated glutamate release on neuronal activity. Furthermore, region- specific sustained effects indicate both a swift restoration of disturbed homeostasis in DLPFC as well changes occurring beyond the immediate effects on glutamate signaling in IFG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Gärtner
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Wunder
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simone Grimm
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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5
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Singh NR, Leff AP. Advances in the Rehabilitation of Hemispatial Inattention. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2023; 23:33-48. [PMID: 36869185 PMCID: PMC10011344 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-023-01252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There continue to be a plethora of approaches to the rehabilitation of hemispatial inattention, from different forms of sensory stimulation (visual, auditory and somatosensory feedback), through all major modes of non-invasive brain stimulation to drug therapies. Here we summarise trials published in the years 2017-2022 and tabulate their effect sizes, with the aim of drawing on common themes that may serve to inform future rehabilitative studies. RECENT FINDINGS Immersive virtual reality approaches to visual stimulation seem well tolerated, although they have yet to yield any clinically relevant improvements. Dynamic auditory stimulation looks very promising and has high potential for implementation. Robotic interventions are limited by their cost and are perhaps best suited to patients with a co-occurring hemiparesis. Regarding brain stimulation, rTMS continues to demonstrate moderate effects but tDCS studies have yielded disappointing results so far. Drugs, primarily aimed at the dopaminergic system, often demonstrate beneficial effects of a medium size, but as with many of the approaches, it seems difficult to predict responders and non-responders. Our main recommendation is that researchers consider incorporating single-case experimental designs into their studies as rehabilitation trials are likely to remain small in terms of patient numbers, and this is the best way to deal with all the factors that cause large between-subject heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena R Singh
- UCL Queen Square institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK
| | - Alexander P Leff
- UCL Queen Square institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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Lee M, Park MJ, Lee KH, Kim JH, Choi HJ, Kim YH. Obesity mechanism after hypothalamic damage: Cohort analysis of neuroimaging, psychological, cognitive, and clinical phenotyping data. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1114409. [PMID: 37056667 PMCID: PMC10086156 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1114409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hypothalamus regulates energy homeostasis, and its damage results in severe obesity. We aimed to investigate the multifaceted characteristics of hypothalamic obesity. METHODS We performed multidimensional analyses of brain structure/function and psychological and behavioral phenotypes in 29 patients with hypothalamic damage (HD) (craniopharyngioma) and 31 controls (non-functional pituitary adenoma). Patients underwent structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging and completed self-reports and cognitive tasks. RESULTS Patients with HD showed significantly higher postoperative weight gain than controls. The HD group also showed significant hypothalamic damage and lower neural activation in the left caudate nucleus in response to food images. The HD group had significantly higher food inattention, lower satiety, and higher restrained eating behavior. Within the HD group, higher restrained eating behavior was significantly associated with lower activation in the bilateral fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSION These results suggest that hypothalamic damage contributes to weight gain by altering the brain response, attention, satiety, and eating behaviors. The present study proposes novel neuro-psycho-behavioral mechanisms targeted for patients with hypothalamic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwa Lee
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Pituitary Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Hwy Kim, ; Hyung Jin Choi,
| | - Yong Hwy Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Pituitary Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Yong Hwy Kim, ; Hyung Jin Choi,
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7
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Guan M, Ma L, Zhu Y, Liao Y, Zeng L, Wu S, Men K, Liu X. Impaired sustained attention in groups at high risk for antisocial personality disorder: A contingent negative variation and standardized low-resolution tomographic analysis study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:925322. [PMID: 36504621 PMCID: PMC9726724 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.925322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the characteristics of contingent negative variation (CNV) in groups at high risk for antisocial personality disorder. Materials and methods A classic CNV paradigm was used to compare the characteristics of attention maintenance among a group of individuals with conduct disorder (CD group; n = 27), a group of individuals with antisocial personality traits (AP; n = 29), a group of individuals with conduct disorder and antisocial personality traits (CD + AP group; n = 25), and a group of healthy controls (CG group; n = 30), to examine the characteristics of the amplitude and latency of CNV in different processing stages. Results Results of the event-related potential analysis were as follows: The mean amplitude analysis between 500 and 1,000 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitudes in the CD + AP group (-1.388 ± 0.449 μV, P < 0.001) were significantly lower than that in the CG group (-4.937 ± 0.409 μV). The mean amplitude analysis between 1,000 and 1,500 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitude in the CD + AP group (-0.931 ± 0.646 μV) was significantly lower than that in the CG group (4.809 ± 0.589 μV, P < 0.001). The mean amplitude analysis between 1,500 and 2,000 ms revealed that the mean CNV amplitude in the CG group (3.121 ± 0.725 μV) was significantly higher than that in the CD + AP group (-0.277 ± 0.795 μV, P = 0.012), whereas the mean CNV amplitude in the CD + AP group was not significantly different in the AP group (P = 0.168) and CD group (P > 0.05). Source localization results indicated altered activity in frontal-temporal regions. Conclusion The CNV amplitude characteristics in the CD + AP group and AP group were more consistent and fluctuated around the baseline, indicating the absence of attention maintenance resulted in impairments in attention allocation and motor preparation in the CD + AP group and AP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzhen Guan
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liao
- Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingwei Zeng
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengjun Wu
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Shengjun Wu,
| | - Ke Men
- Department of Psychiatry, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Ke Men,
| | - Xufeng Liu
- School of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,*Correspondence: Xufeng Liu,
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Ai M, Loui P, Morris TP, Chaddock-Heyman L, Hillman CH, McAuley E, Kramer AF. Musical Experience Relates to Insula-Based Functional Connectivity in Older Adults. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1577. [PMID: 36421901 PMCID: PMC9688373 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Engaging in musical activities throughout the lifespan may protect against age-related cognitive decline and modify structural and functional connectivity in the brain. Prior research suggests that musical experience modulates brain regions that integrate different modalities of sensory information, such as the insula. Most of this research has been performed in individuals classified as professional musicians; however, general musical experiences across the lifespan may also confer beneficial effects on brain health in older adults. The current study investigated whether general musical experience, characterized using the Goldsmith Music Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI), was associated with functional connectivity in older adults (age = 65.7 ± 4.4, n = 69). We tested whether Gold-MSI was associated with individual differences in the functional connectivity of three a priori hypothesis-defined seed regions in the insula (i.e., dorsal anterior, ventral anterior, and posterior insula). We found that older adults with more musical experience showed greater functional connectivity between the dorsal anterior insula and the precentral and postcentral gyrus, and between the ventral anterior insula and diverse brain regions, including the insula and prefrontal cortex, and decreased functional connectivity between the ventral anterior insula and thalamus (voxel p < 0.01, cluster FWE p < 0.05). Follow-up correlation analyses showed that the singing ability subscale score was key in driving the association between functional connectivity differences and musical experience. Overall, our findings suggest that musical experience, even among non-professional musicians, is related to functional brain reorganization in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meishan Ai
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Psyche Loui
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Music, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy P. Morris
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Chaddock-Heyman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Kaufmann BC, Cazzoli D, Pastore-Wapp M, Vanbellingen T, Pflugshaupt T, Bauer D, Müri RM, Nef T, Bartolomeo P, Nyffeler T. Joint impact on attention, alertness and inhibition of lesions at a frontal white matter crossroad. Brain 2022; 146:1467-1482. [PMID: 36200399 PMCID: PMC10115237 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In everyday life, information from different cognitive domains - such as visuospatial attention, alertness, and inhibition - needs to be integrated between different brain regions. Early models suggested that completely segregated brain networks control these three cognitive domains. However, more recent accounts, mainly based on neuroimaging data in healthy participants, indicate that different tasks lead to specific patterns of activation within the same, higher-order and "multiple-demand" network. If so, then a lesion to critical substrates of this common network should determine a concomitant impairment in all three cognitive domains. The aim of the present study was to critically investigate this hypothesis, i.e., to identify focal stroke lesions within the network that can concomitantly impact visuospatial attention, alertness and inhibition. We studied an unselected sample of 60 first-ever right-hemispheric, subacute stroke patients using a data-driven, bottom-up approach. Patients performed 12 standardized neuropsychological and oculomotor tests, four per cognitive domain. Principal component analyses revealed a strong relationship between all three cognitive domains: 10 of 12 tests loaded on a first, Common Component. Analysis of the neuroanatomical lesion correlates using different approaches (i.e., Voxel-Based and Tractwise Lesion-Symptom Mapping, Disconnectome maps) provided convergent evidence on the association between severe impairment of this Common Component and lesions at the intersection of Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus II and III, Frontal Aslant Tract and, to a lesser extent, the Putamen and Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus. Moreover, patients with a lesion involving this region were significantly more impaired in daily living cognition, which provides an ecological validation of our results. A probabilistic functional atlas of the multiple-demand network was performed to confirm the potential relationship between patients' lesion substrates and observed cognitive impairments as a function of the MD-network connectivity disruption. These findings show, for the first time, that a lesion to a specific white matter crossroad can determine a concurrent breakdown in all three considered cognitive domains. Our results support the multiple-demand network model, proposing that different cognitive operations depend on specific collaborators and their interaction, within the same underlying neural network. Our findings also extend this hypothesis by showing (1) the contribution of SLF and FAT to the multiple-demand network, and (2) a critical neuroanatomical intersection, crossed by a vast amount of long-range white matter tracts, many of which interconnect cortical areas of the multiple-demand network. The vulnerability of this crossroad to stroke has specific cognitive and clinical consequences; this has the potential to influence future rehabilitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte C Kaufmann
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Pastore-Wapp
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tim Vanbellingen
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel Bauer
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - René M Müri
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Quabs J, Caspers S, Schöne C, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Dickscheid T, Amunts K. Cytoarchitecture, probability maps and segregation of the human insula. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119453. [PMID: 35809885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human insular cortex supports multifunctional integration including interoceptive, sensorimotor, cognitive and social-emotional processing. Different concepts of the underlying microstructure have been proposed over more than a century. However, a 3D map of the cytoarchitectonic segregation of the insula in standard reference space, that could be directly linked to neuroimaging experiments addressing different cognitive tasks, is not yet available. Here we analyzed the middle posterior and dorsal anterior insula with image analysis and a statistical mapping procedure to delineate cytoarchitectonic areas in ten human postmortem brains. 3D-probability maps of seven new areas with granular (Ig3, posterior), agranular (Ia1, posterior) and dysgranular (Id2-Id6, middle to dorsal anterior) cytoarchitecture have been calculated to represent the new areas in stereotaxic space. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on cytoarchitecture resulted in three distinct clusters in the superior posterior, inferior posterior and dorsal anterior insula, providing deeper insights into the structural organization of the insula. The maps are openly available to support future studies addressing relations between structure and function in the human insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Quabs
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudia Schöne
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany
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11
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Knobel SEJ, Kaufmann BC, Geiser N, Gerber SM, Müri RM, Nef T, Nyffeler T, Cazzoli D. Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Multimodal Audio-Tactile Cueing in Patients With Spatial Attention Deficits: Pilot Usability Study. JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e34884. [PMID: 35612894 PMCID: PMC9178455 DOI: 10.2196/34884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) devices are increasingly being used in medicine and other areas for a broad spectrum of applications. One of the possible applications of VR involves the creation of an environment manipulated in a way that helps patients with disturbances in the spatial allocation of visual attention (so-called hemispatial neglect). One approach to ameliorate neglect is to apply cross-modal cues (ie, cues in sensory modalities other than the visual one, eg, auditory and tactile) to guide visual attention toward the neglected space. So far, no study has investigated the effects of audio-tactile cues in VR on the spatial deployment of visual attention in neglect patients. OBJECTIVE This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and usability of multimodal (audio-tactile) cueing, as implemented in a 3D VR setting, in patients with neglect, and obtain preliminary results concerning the effects of different types of cues on visual attention allocation compared with noncued conditions. METHODS Patients were placed in a virtual environment using a head-mounted display (HMD). The inlay of the HMD was equipped to deliver tactile feedback to the forehead. The task was to find and flag appearing birds. The birds could appear at 4 different presentation angles (lateral and paracentral on the left and right sides), and with (auditory, tactile, or audio-tactile cue) or without (no cue) a spatially meaningful cue. The task usability and feasibility, and 2 simple in-task measures (performance and early orientation) were assessed in 12 right-hemispheric stroke patients with neglect (5 with and 7 without additional somatosensory impairment). RESULTS The new VR setup showed high usability (mean score 10.2, SD 1.85; maximum score 12) and no relevant side effects (mean score 0.833, SD 0.834; maximum score 21). A repeated measures ANOVA on task performance data, with presentation angle, cue type, and group as factors, revealed a significant main effect of cue type (F30,3=9.863; P<.001) and a significant 3-way interaction (F90,9=2.057; P=.04). Post-hoc analyses revealed that among patients without somatosensory impairment, any cue led to better performance compared with no cue, for targets on the left side, and audio-tactile cues did not seem to have additive effects. Among patients with somatosensory impairment, performance was better with both auditory and audio-tactile cueing than with no cue, at every presentation angle; conversely, tactile cueing alone had no significant effect at any presentation angle. Analysis of early orientation data showed that any type of cue triggered better orientation in both groups for lateral presentation angles, possibly reflecting an early alerting effect. CONCLUSIONS Overall, audio-tactile cueing seems to be a promising method to guide patient attention. For instance, in the future, it could be used as an add-on method that supports attentional orientation during established therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nora Geiser
- Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - René M Müri
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland.,Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Resting State Functional Connectivity between Dorsal Attentional Network and Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Concussed and Control Adolescents. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092293. [PMID: 35566427 PMCID: PMC9100070 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Concussion among adolescents continues to be a public health concern. Yet, the differences in brain function between adolescents with a recent concussion and adolescents with no history of concussion are not well understood. Although resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be a useful tool in examining these differences, few studies have used this technique to examine concussion in adolescents. Here, we investigate the differences in the resting state functional connectivity of 52 adolescents, 38 with a concussion in the previous 10 days (mean age = 15.6; female = 36.8%), and 14 controls with no concussion history (mean age = 15.1; female = 57.1%). Independent component analysis and dual regression revealed that control adolescents had significantly greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG) compared to concussed adolescents (p-corrected < 0.001). Specifically, there was a positive DAN-RIFG connectivity in control, but not concussed, adolescents. Our findings indicate that concussion is associated with disrupted DAN-RIFG connectivity, which may reflect a general, nonspecific response to injury.
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13
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Murphy E, Woolnough O, Rollo PS, Roccaforte ZJ, Segaert K, Hagoort P, Tandon N. Minimal Phrase Composition Revealed by Intracranial Recordings. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3216-3227. [PMID: 35232761 PMCID: PMC8994536 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1575-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to comprehend phrases is an essential integrative property of the brain. Here, we evaluate the neural processes that enable the transition from single-word processing to a minimal compositional scheme. Previous research has reported conflicting timing effects of composition, and disagreement persists with respect to inferior frontal and posterior temporal contributions. To address these issues, 19 patients (10 male, 9 female) implanted with penetrating depth or surface subdural intracranial electrodes, heard auditory recordings of adjective-noun, pseudoword-noun, and adjective-pseudoword phrases and judged whether the phrase matched a picture. Stimulus-dependent alterations in broadband gamma activity, low-frequency power, and phase-locking values across the language-dominant left hemisphere were derived. This revealed a mosaic located on the lower bank of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), in which closely neighboring cortical sites displayed exclusive sensitivity to either lexicality or phrase structure, but not both. Distinct timings were found for effects of phrase composition (210-300 ms) and pseudoword processing (∼300-700 ms), and these were localized to neighboring electrodes in pSTS. The pars triangularis and temporal pole encoded anticipation of composition in broadband low frequencies, and both regions exhibited greater functional connectivity with pSTS during phrase composition. Our results suggest that the pSTS is a highly specialized region composed of sparsely interwoven heterogeneous constituents that encodes both lower and higher level linguistic features. This hub in pSTS for minimal phrase processing may form the neural basis for the human-specific computational capacity for forming hierarchically organized linguistic structures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Linguists have claimed that the integration of multiple words into a phrase demands a computational procedure distinct from single-word processing. Here, we provide intracranial recordings from a large patient cohort, with high spatiotemporal resolution, to track the cortical dynamics of phrase composition. Epileptic patients volunteered to participate in a task in which they listened to phrases (red boat), word-pseudoword or pseudoword-word pairs (e.g., red fulg). At the onset of the second word in phrases, greater broadband high gamma activity was found in posterior superior temporal sulcus in electrodes that exclusively indexed phrasal meaning and not lexical meaning. These results provide direct, high-resolution signatures of minimal phrase composition in humans, a potentially species-specific computational capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Murphy
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Oscar Woolnough
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Zachary J Roccaforte
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Katrien Segaert
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Hagoort
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, 6525 XD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030
- Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas 77030
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14
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Samrani G, Persson J. Automatic and effortful control of interference in working memory can be distinguished by unique behavioral and functional brain representations. Neuroimage 2022; 253:119098. [PMID: 35301129 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal-irrelevant information in working memory (WM) may enter the focus of attention (FOA) during a task and cause proactive interference (PI). In the current study we used fMRI to test several hypotheses concerning the boundary conditions of PI in WM using a modified verbal 2-back task. Temporal distance between item and lure presentation was manipulated to evaluate potential differences among hypothesized states of FOA, short-term memory and long-term memory. PI was present for the most proximal 3-back lures but dissipated with lure distance along with increased activation in brain regions critical for memory recollection, such as right prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and hippocampus. Reduced PI and less IFG activation were also observed after repeated item presentation, supporting the notion that a rehearsed encoding of item-context information reduces the need for interference control. Moreover, a trial-by-trial approach revealed activity in ACC, insula, IFG, and parietal cortex with increasing lure trial interference regardless of distance. The current results are first evidence for an observable transition of cognitive control, to include MTL regions involved in recalling task-relevant information from outside the FOA when resolving PI in WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Samrani
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center of Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Life-Span Developmental Research (LEADER), Department of Law, Psychology, and Social Sciences, Örebro University, Sweden
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15
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Spatial attention in children with perinatal stroke. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113614. [PMID: 34606777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spatial neglect is a common feature of right hemisphere damage in adults, but less is known about spatial inattention following early brain damage. We used a Posner-based cueing task to examine hemispatial neglect and aspects of attention in children with perinatal stroke in either left (LH) or right hemisphere (RH) and controls. A visual perception task assessed the speed of visual perception. A spatial attention cueing task (the E-task) measured the ability to discriminate the direction of a target stimulus ("E"), when presented on the left or right side of the screen. This task provided indices of performance for attention orienting, disengagement and reorienting. Children with LH lesions had slowed visual perception compared to controls. Children with RH lesions did not demonstrate similar deficits. On the E-task, groups with both LH and RH lesions demonstrated lower accuracy on both left and right sides compared to controls. Children with LH lesions also showed impaired attention orienting and disengagement on left and right sides compared to controls, while children with RH lesions were most impaired in orienting and disengagement on their contralesional side. Children with LH lesions demonstrated more extensive attentional deficits than children with RH lesions. These results suggest that development of spatial attention may require different neural networks than maintenance of attention.
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16
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Zamani A, Carhart-Harris R, Christoff K. Prefrontal contributions to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:329-348. [PMID: 34545195 PMCID: PMC8616944 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human prefrontal cortex is a structurally and functionally heterogenous brain region, including multiple subregions that have been linked to different large-scale brain networks. It contributes to a broad range of mental phenomena, from goal-directed thought and executive functions to mind-wandering and psychedelic experience. Here we review what is known about the functions of different prefrontal subregions and their affiliations with large-scale brain networks to examine how they may differentially contribute to the diversity of mental phenomena associated with prefrontal function. An important dimension that distinguishes across different kinds of conscious experience is the stability or variability of mental states across time. This dimension is a central feature of two recently introduced theoretical frameworks-the dynamic framework of thought (DFT) and the relaxed beliefs under psychedelics (REBUS) model-that treat neurocognitive dynamics as central to understanding and distinguishing between different mental phenomena. Here, we bring these two frameworks together to provide a synthesis of how prefrontal subregions may differentially contribute to the stability and variability of thought and conscious experience. We close by considering future directions for this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Zamani
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Robin Carhart-Harris
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kalina Christoff
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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Kaufmann B, Cazzoli D, Bartolomeo P, Frey J, Pflugshaupt T, Knobel S, Nef T, Müri R, Nyffeler T. Auditory spatial cueing reduces neglect after right-hemispheric stroke: a proof of concept study. Cortex 2022; 148:152-167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Knobel SEJ, Kaufmann BC, Gerber SM, Urwyler P, Cazzoli D, Müri RM, Nef T, Nyffeler T. Development of a Search Task Using Immersive Virtual Reality: Proof-of-Concept Study. JMIR Serious Games 2021; 9:e29182. [PMID: 34255653 PMCID: PMC8285750 DOI: 10.2196/29182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serious games are gaining increasing importance in neurorehabilitation since they increase motivation and adherence to therapy, thereby potentially improving its outcome. The benefits of serious games, such as the possibility to implement adaptive feedback and the calculation of comparable performance measures, can be even further improved by using immersive virtual reality (iVR), allowing a more intuitive interaction with training devices and higher ecological validity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a visual search task embedded in a serious game setting for iVR, including self-adapting difficulty scaling, thus being able to adjust to the needs and ability levels of different groups of individuals. METHODS In a two-step process, a serious game in iVR (bird search task) was developed and tested in healthy young (n=21) and elderly (n=23) participants and in a group of patients with impaired visual exploration behavior (ie, patients with hemispatial neglect after right-hemispheric stroke; n=11). Usability, side effects, game experience, immersion, and presence of the iVR serious game were assessed by validated questionnaires. Moreover, in the group of stroke patients, the performance in the iVR serious game was also considered with respect to hemispatial neglect severity, as assessed by established objective hemispatial neglect measures. RESULTS In all 3 groups, reported usability of the iVR serious game was above 4.5 (on a Likert scale with scores ranging from 1 to 5) and reported side effects were infrequent and of low intensity (below 1.5 on a Likert scale with scores ranging from 1 to 4). All 3 groups equally judged the iVR serious game as highly motivating and entertaining. Performance in the game (in terms of mean search time) showed a lateralized increase in search time in patients with hemispatial neglect that varied strongly as a function of objective hemispatial neglect severity. CONCLUSIONS The developed iVR serious game, "bird search task," was a motivating, entertaining, and immersive task, which can, due to its adaptive difficulty scaling, adjust and be played by different populations with different levels of skills, including individuals with cognitive impairments. As a complementary finding, it seems that performance in the game is able to capture typical patterns of impaired visual exploration behavior in hemispatial neglect, as there is a high correlation between performance and neglect severity as assessed with a cancellation task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Prabitha Urwyler
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dario Cazzoli
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - René M Müri
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Nef
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Nyffeler
- Gerontechnology & Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and BioMedical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Neurocenter, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Lucerne, Switzerland
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