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Zhang Q, Wang L, Yu L, Yu Q, Xue L, Shen Z. Tectoridin inhibits the growth of bladder cancer by regulating PI3K/MAPK pathway through RAB27B. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1106-1116. [PMID: 38441297 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common and malignant tumor of the urinary tract, and its treatment options are limited. Tectoridin (TEC) has antitumor activity against prostate and colon cancer, but its effects on BC are poorly understood. BC cells were treated with increasing concentrations of TEC, and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, and apoptosis were assessed. Xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the influences of TEC on BC tumor growth. Western blot analysis was conducted to explore the downstream pathways affected by TEC. TEC treatment decreased BC cell viability in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 ≈ 25 μM), and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness while promoting apoptosis. Clinical analysis revealed high expression of RAB27B in BC tumor tissues, particularly in advanced stages, correlating with an unfavorable prognosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TEC suppressed the PI3K/MAPK pathway by targeting RAB27B, and overexpression of RAB27B counteracted the antitumor effects of TEC. In xenograft models, TEC administration suppressed tumor growth, reduced tumor volume, inhibited cell proliferation, and suppressed the PI3K/MAPK pathway, highlighting its potential as an inhibitor of tumor growth. TEC suppresses BC tumor growth by targeting RAB27B and inactivating the PI3K/MAPK signaling and may provide a promising therapeutic target for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Leiyu Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quansheng Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liuqing Xue
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
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2
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Ming L, Tang J, Qin F, Qin Y, Wang D, Huang L, Cao Y, Huang Z, Yin Y. Exosome secretion related gene signature predicts chemoresistance in patients with colorectal cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 257:155313. [PMID: 38642509 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy, and patients often have different responses to treatment. In this study, the genetic characteristics related to exosome formation and secretion procedure were used to predict chemoresistance and guide the individualized treatment of patients. METHODS Firstly, seven microarray datasets in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and RNA-Seq dataset from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were used to analysis the transcriptome profiles and associated characteristics of CRC patients. Then, a predictive model based on gene features linked to exosome formation and secretion was created and validated using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis and Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) machine learning. Finally, we evaluated the model using chemoresistant/chemosensitive cells and tissues by immunofluorescence (IF), western blot (WB), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunocytochemistry (IHC) experiments, and the predictive value of integrated model in the clinical validation cohort were performed by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves analyses. RESULTS We established a risk score signature based on three genes related to exosome secretion in CRC. Better Overall Survival (OS) and greater chemosensitivity were seen in the low-risk group, whereas the high-risk group exhibited chemoresistance and a subpar response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Higher expression of the model genes EXOC2, EXOC3 and STX4 were observed in chemoresistant cells and specimens. The AUC of 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 0.804. Compared with that in the low-risk group, patients' DFS was found to be significantly worse in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the gene signature related to exosome formation and secretion could reliably predict patients' chemosensitivity and ICB treatment response, which providing new independent biomarkers for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ming
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Junhui Tang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Feiyu Qin
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China
| | - Duo Wang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liuying Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Wuxi Cancer Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, China; Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Yao F, Zhong F, Jiang J, Cheng Y, Xu S, Liu J, Lin J, Zhang J, Li S, Li M, Xu Y, Huang B, Wang X. The m 6A regulator KIAA1429 stabilizes RAB27B mRNA and promotes the progression of chronic myeloid leukemia and resistance to targeted therapy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:993-1008. [PMID: 37692484 PMCID: PMC10491918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common adult leukemia. Both the acute phase of the disease and the adverse effects of anti-cancer treatments can lead to a poor prognosis. The N6-methyladenine (m6A) modification plays an important regulatory role in various physiological and pathological processes. KIAA1429 is a known m6A regulator, but the biological role of KIAA1429 in CML is unclear. In this study, we observed that the m6A levels and KIAA1429 expression were significantly up-regulated in patients with blast phase CML. Notably, KIAA1429 regulated the total level of RNA m6A modification in the CML cells and promoted the malignant biological behaviors of CML cells, including proliferation, migration, and imatinib resistance. Inhibiting KIAA1429 in CML cells reduced the stability of RAB27B mRNA through the m6A/YTHDF1 axis, consequently inhibiting CML proliferation and drug efflux, ultimately increasing the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib. Moreover, the knockdown of RAB27B also inhibited the proliferation and drug resistance of CML cells and promoted their apoptosis. Rucaparib, a recently developed anti-cancer agent, suppressed the expression of KIAA1429 and CML cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Rucaparib also inhibited the tumorigenesis of CML cells in vivo. The combined use of rucaparib and imatinib enhanced the sensitivity of CML cells to imatinib. Our study provides evidence that elevated KIAA1429 expression in the blast phase of CML enhances the stability of RAB27B mRNA through the m6A/YTHDF1 axis to up-regulate RAB27B expression, thereby promoting CML progression. Rucaparib exerts inhibitory effects on KIAA1429 expression and thus reduces CML progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Junyao Jiang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Shuqi Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Meiyong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Yanmei Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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Morimoto M, Maishi N, Hida K. Acquisition of drug resistance in endothelial cells by tumor-derived extracellular vesicles and cancer progression. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:1. [PMID: 38318528 PMCID: PMC10838380 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Angiogenesis by endothelial cells (ECs) is essential for tumor growth. Angiogenesis inhibitors are used in combination with anticancer drugs in many tumor types, but tumors eventually become resistant. Previously, the underlying mechanism for developing drug resistance was considered to be a change in the characteristics of tumor cells whereas ECs were thought to be genetically stable and do not contribute to drug resistance. However, tumor endothelial cells (TECs) have been shown to differ from normal endothelial cells (NECs) in that they exhibit chromosomal abnormalities, angiogenic potential, and drug resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by tumor cells have recently attracted attention as a factor involved in the acquisition of such abnormalities. Various cells communicate with each other through EVs, and it has been reported that tumor-derived EVs act on other tumor cells or stromal cells to develop drug resistance. Drug-resistant tumor cells confer drug resistance to recipient cells by transporting mRNAs encoding ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1) as well as miRNAs involved in signaling such as Akt, drug efflux transporters, and P-glycoprotein modulators via EVs. However, there are limited reports on the acquisition of drug resistance in ECs by tumor-derived EVs. Since drug resistance of ECs may induce tumor metastasis and support tumor cell proliferation, the mechanism underlying the development of resistance should be elucidated to find therapeutic application. This review provides insight into the acquisition of drug resistance in ECs via tumor EVs in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Morimoto
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Nako Maishi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hida
- Department of Vascular Biology and Molecular Pathology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Dental Medicine, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
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Liu C, Lu C, Yixi L, Hong J, Dong F, Ruan S, Hu T, Zhao X. Exosomal Linc00969 induces trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer by increasing HER-2 protein expression and mRNA stability by binding to HUR. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:124. [PMID: 37848981 PMCID: PMC10580635 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant disease in female patients worldwide. In HER-2+ BC patients, trastuzumab therapy is associated with a better prognosis. However, many HER-2+ BC patients experience recurrence or metastasis because of trastuzumab resistance. The mechanisms underlying trastuzumab resistance remain unclear. Recently, substantial evidence has suggested that exosomes are associated with drug resistance, and lncRNAs have attracted increasing attention due to their potential role in the regulation of trastuzumab resistance. METHODS We collected the exosomes from the plasma of BC patients with and without trastuzumab resistance, sequenced the whole transcriptomes, identified differentially expressed lncRNAs, and identified lncRNA Linc00969, which was overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant patients. Then, we established trastuzumab-resistant BC cell lines and explored the role of exosomal Linc00969 in trastuzumab resistance in vitro and in vivo by silencing or overexpressing Linc00969 and performing a series of functional analyses. Furthermore, to explore the mechanism by which exosomal Linc00969 contributes to trastuzumab resistance, we measured changes in HER-2, HUR and autophagy-related protein expression levels after regulating Linc00969 expression. In addition, we investigated the interaction between Linc00969 and HUR via pull-down and RIP assays and the effect of HUR on HER-2 expression and trastuzumab resistance after blocking HUR. RESULTS We first found that exosomal lncRNA Linc00969 was overexpressed in trastuzumab-resistant BC patients and that exosome-mediated Linc00969 transfer could disseminate trastuzumab resistance in BC. Then, we found that silencing Linc00969 could reduce trastuzumab resistance and that overexpressing Linc00969 could enhance trastuzumab resistance. Furthermore, our results showed that Linc00969 could upregulate HER-2 expression at the protein level and maintain the stability of HER-2 mRNA by binding to HUR. Additionally, we found that exosomal Linc00969 could regulate trastuzumab resistance by inducing autophagy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we first identified that exosomal lncRNA Linc00969 could induce trastuzumab resistance by increasing HER-2 protein expression and mRNA stability by binding to HUR, and Linc00969 might also be involved in trastuzumab resistance by inducing autophagy. Our results elucidate a novel mechanism underlying trastuzumab resistance, and Linc00969 might be a new target for improving the treatment of HER-2+ BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwei Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chong Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lamu Yixi
- Tibet Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shannan, 856000, Tibet, China
| | - Jiaxing Hong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shengnan Ruan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Tibet Shannan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shannan, 856000, Tibet, China.
| | - Xiangwang Zhao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Bucci-Muñoz M, Gola AM, Rigalli JP, Ceballos MP, Ruiz ML. Extracellular Vesicles and Cancer Multidrug Resistance: Undesirable Intercellular Messengers? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1633. [PMID: 37629489 PMCID: PMC10455762 DOI: 10.3390/life13081633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main mechanisms contributing to therapy failure and mortality. Overexpression of drug transporters of the ABC family (ATP-binding cassette) is a major cause of MDR. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles released by most cells of the organism involved in cell-cell communication. Their cargo mainly comprises, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which are transferred from a donor cell to a target cell and lead to phenotypical changes. In this article, we review the scientific evidence addressing the regulation of ABC transporters by EV-mediated cell-cell communication. MDR transfer from drug-resistant to drug-sensitive cells has been identified in several tumor entities. This was attributed, in some cases, to the direct shuttle of transporter molecules or its coding mRNA between cells. Also, EV-mediated transport of regulatory proteins (e.g., transcription factors) and noncoding RNAs have been indicated to induce MDR. Conversely, the transfer of a drug-sensitive phenotype via EVs has also been reported. Additionally, interactions between non-tumor cells and the tumor cells with an impact on MDR are presented. Finally, we highlight uninvestigated aspects and possible approaches to exploiting this knowledge toward the identification of druggable processes and molecules and, ultimately, the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Bucci-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (M.B.-M.); (A.M.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Aldana Magalí Gola
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (M.B.-M.); (A.M.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Juan Pablo Rigalli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - María Paula Ceballos
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (M.B.-M.); (A.M.G.); (M.P.C.)
| | - María Laura Ruiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR), Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (CONICET), Rosario 2000, Argentina; (M.B.-M.); (A.M.G.); (M.P.C.)
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051465. [PMID: 37242707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune suppression, immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and the polarization of macrophages. In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These exosomal contents can be transferred into recipient cells. Therefore, this work details the roles of exosomes and exosomal contents in intercellular communications. Since exosomes mediate cellular interactions, exosomes can be targeted for developing anticancer therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the effects of exosomal inhibitors on cancer initiation and progression. Since exosomal contents can be transferred, exosomes can be modified to deliver molecular cargo such as anticancer drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we also summarize recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms. Exosomes display low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient tissue targeting, which make them reliable delivery vehicles. We discuss the applications and challenges of exosomes as delivery vehicles in tumors, along with the clinical values of exosomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Yang Q, Xu J, Gu J, Shi H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Chen Z, Fang X, Zhu T, Zhang X. Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer Drug Resistance: Roles, Mechanisms, and Implications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201609. [PMID: 36253096 PMCID: PMC9731723 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication via transporting bioactive molecules and thus are critically involved in various physiological and pathological conditions. EVs contribute to different aspects of cancer progression, such as cancer growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, and drug resistance. EVs induce the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, antiangiogenesis therapy, and immunotherapy by transferring specific cargos that affect drug efflux and regulate signaling pathways associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, autophagy, metabolism, and cancer stemness. In addition, EVs modulate the reciprocal interaction between cancer cells and noncancer cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) to develop therapy resistance. EVs are detectable in many biofluids of cancer patients, and thus are regarded as novel biomarkers for monitoring therapy response and predicting prognosis. Moreover, EVs are suggested as promising targets and engineered as nanovehicles to deliver drugs for overcoming drug resistance in cancer therapy. In this review, the biological roles of EVs and their mechanisms of action in cancer drug resistance are summarized. The preclinical studies on using EVs in monitoring and overcoming cancer drug resistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jing Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianmei Gu
- Departmemt of Clinical Laboratory MedicineNantong Tumor HospitalNantongJiangsu226361China
| | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong511436China
| | - Zhe‐Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt. John's UniversityQueensNY11439USA
| | - Xinjian Fang
- Department of OncologyLianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityLianyungangJiangsu222000China
| | - Taofeng Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineYixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityYixingJiangsu214200China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory MedicineSchool of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu212013China
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9
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Fang T, Lu W, Zhang J, Ge K, Chen Z, Wang M, Yao B. Study of Drug Resistance in Chemotherapy Induced by Extracellular Vesicles on a Microchip. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16919-16926. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Wei Lu
- GeneX (Zhejiang) Precision Medicine Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Ke Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhanhong Chen
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Bo Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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10
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Extracellular Vesicles Inhibit the Response of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells to Gemcitabine and TRAIL Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147810. [PMID: 35887158 PMCID: PMC9317709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an aggressive cancer with a low 5-year survival rate. Although gemcitabine has been a standard treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer, patients often develop resistance to this therapeutic. We have previously shown that treating pancreatic cancer cells in vitro with a combination of gemcitabine and the cytokine TRAIL significantly reduced both cell viability and survival. The data presented here demonstrate that this response to treatment is inhibited when cells are incubated with a conditioned medium derived from untreated cells. We show that this inhibition is specifically mediated by extracellular vesicles present in the conditioned medium, as seen by a significant decrease in apoptosis. Additionally, we further demonstrate that this effect can be reversed in the presence of GW4869, an inhibitor of exosome biogenesis and release. These results show that pancreatic cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles can confer resistance to treatment with gemcitabine and TRAIL. The implications of these findings suggest that removal of EVs during treatment can improve the response of cells to gemcitabine and TRAIL treatment in vitro.
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Allegra A, Petrarca C, Di Gioacchino M, Casciaro M, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Exosome-Mediated Therapeutic Strategies for Management of Solid and Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071128. [PMID: 35406692 PMCID: PMC8997895 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles of endocytic origin containing cytokines, RNAs, growth factors, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. They have been identified as fundamental intercellular communication controllers in several diseases and an enormous volume of data confirmed that exosomes could either sustain or inhibit tumor onset and diffusion in diverse solid and hematological malignancies by paracrine signaling. Thus, exosomes might constitute a promising cell-free tumor treatment alternative. This review focuses on the effects of exosomes in the treatment of tumors, by discussing the most recent and promising data from in vitro and experimental in vivo studies and the few existing clinical trials. Exosomes are extremely promising as transporters of drugs, antagomir, genes, and other therapeutic substances that can be integrated into their core via different procedures. Moreover, exosomes can augment or inhibit non-coding RNAs, change the metabolism of cancer cells, and modify the function of immunologic effectors thus modifying the tumor microenvironment transforming it from pro-tumor to antitumor milieu. Here, we report the development of currently realized exosome modifiers that offer indications for the forthcoming elaboration of other more effective methods capable of enhancing the activity of the exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Claudia Petrarca
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Di Gioacchino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, G. D’Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Institute for Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, 65100 Pescara, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Marco Casciaro
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (M.C.); (S.G.)
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Xue D, Han J, Liang Z, Jia L, Liu Y, Tuo H, Peng Y. Current Perspectives on the Unique Roles of Exosomes in Drug Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:99-112. [PMID: 35211428 PMCID: PMC8863332 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s351038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common malignant tumor worldwide, the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unsatisfactory, even though treatment methods have improved. Despite the developments in traditional chemotherapy and emerging targeted immunotherapy, the problem of recurrence and metastasis of HCC and adverse effects on survival and prognosis are still serious. Drug resistance is a daunting challenge that impedes HCC treatment. Exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm, have been the focus of recent studies. Exosomes can activate various signaling pathways and regulate the tumor microenvironment with their cargo, which includes functional lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Thus, they change the phenotype of recipient cells via exosome-mediated communication. Exosomes secreted by tumors or stromal cells can also transfer drug-resistant traits to other tumor cells. However, their effects on drug resistance in HCC are not completely understood. In this review, we summarize and discuss the underlying relationship between exosomes and drug resistance in HCC. In addition, we also show that exosomes may act as candidate biomarkers for predicting and monitoring drug responses and as potential targets or vectors to reverse the drug resistance of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingzhao Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Graduate School, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Tuo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yanhui Peng, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hebei General Hospital, No. 348 Heping West Road, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, 050051, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-311-859 8321, Email
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Cancer-driving mutations and variants of components of the membrane trafficking core machinery. Life Sci 2020; 264:118662. [PMID: 33127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The core machinery for vesicular membrane trafficking broadly comprises of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complexes and SNAREs. As cellular membrane traffic modulates key processes of mitogenic signaling, cell migration, cell death and autophagy, its dysregulation could potentially results in increased cell proliferation and survival, or enhanced migration and invasion. Changes in the levels of some components of the core machinery of vesicular membrane trafficking, likely due to gene amplifications and/or alterations in epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation and micro RNA) have been extensively associated with human cancers. Here, we provide an overview of association of membrane trafficking with cancer, with a focus on mutations and variants of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complex components and SNAREs that have been uncovered in human cancer cells/tissues. The major cellular and molecular cancer-driving or suppression mechanisms associated with these components of the core membrane trafficking machinery shall be discussed.
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