1
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He H, Huang Y, Lu Y, Wang X, Ni H, Wu Y, Xia D, Ye D, Ding J, Mao Y, Teng Y. Effect of benzo[a]pyrene on proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells: A transcriptome analysis based on RNA-seq. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2589-2604. [PMID: 35870112 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound, is a carcinogen that causes head and neck cancers. Despite intensive research, the molecular mechanism of BaP in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains largely unknown. In the present study, the SCC-9 human OSCC cell line was cultured in vitro, separated into treatment groups, and treated with dimethyl sulfoxide or BaP at various concentrations. The malignant behavior ascribed to the BaP treatment was investigated by cell proliferation, clony formation assay, and Transwell assays. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect the differentially expressed genes, followed by quantitative real-time PCR to measure the expression levels of nine of these genes. Moreover, the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed the biological processes and signaling pathways in which the target genes were involved. Significant effects on SCC-9 cell proliferation, tumorigenicity, cell migration, and invasion were observed after exposure to 8 μM BaP. Additional results revealed that BaP inhibited apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The transcriptome sequencing results showed 137 upregulated genes and 135 downregulated genes induced by BaP, associated with tumor-related biological processes and signaling pathways, mainly including transcriptional dysregulation in cancer, the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and so forth. Our study demonstrates that BaP may regulate the expression of certain genes involved in tumor-associated signaling pathways, thereby promoting the proliferative, tumorigenic, and metastatic behaviors of OSCC cells while suppressing their apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi He
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixing Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueyue Lu
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Ni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Ye
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinwang Ding
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjiao Mao
- Department of Oncology Radiotherapy, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaoshu Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Sales AH, Kolbanovskiy M, Geacintov NE, Chen KM, Sun YW, El-Bayoumy K. Treatment of Human HeLa Cells with Black Raspberry Extracts Enhances the Removal of DNA Lesions by the Nucleotide Excision Repair Mechanism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2110. [PMID: 36358482 PMCID: PMC9686895 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As demonstrated by us earlier and by other researchers, a diet containing freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) inhibits DNA damage and carcinogenesis in animal models. We tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of DNA damage by BRB is due, in part, to the enhancement of DNA repair capacity evaluated in the human HeLa cell extract system, an established in vitro system for the assessment of cellular DNA repair activity. The pre-treatment of intact HeLa cells with BRB extracts (BRBE) enhances the nucleotide excision repair (NER) of a bulky deoxyguanosine adduct derived from the polycyclic aromatic carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BP-dG) by ~24%. The NER activity of an oxidatively-derived non-bulky DNA lesion, guanidinohydantoin (Gh), is also enhanced by ~24%, while its base excision repair activity is enhanced by only ~6%. Western Blot experiments indicate that the expression of selected, NER factors is also increased by BRBE treatment by ~73% (XPA), ~55% (XPB), while its effects on XPD was modest (<14%). These results demonstrate that BRBE significantly enhances the NER yields of a bulky and a non-bulky DNA lesion, and that this effect is correlated with an enhancement of expression of the critically important NER factor XPA and the helicase XPB, but not the helicase XPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana H. Sales
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | | | - Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Yuan-Wan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Karam El-Bayoumy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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3
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Ashwin K, Pattanaik AK, Howarth GS. Polyphenolic bioactives as an emerging group of nutraceuticals for promotion of gut health: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Hitzman RT, Dunlap TL, Howell CE, Chen SN, Vollmer G, Pauli GF, Bolton JL, Dietz BM. 6-Prenylnaringenin from Hops Disrupts ERα-Mediated Downregulation of CYP1A1 to Facilitate Estrogen Detoxification. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2793-2803. [PMID: 32986415 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements (BDS) containing hops are sold as women's health supplements due to the potent hop phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), and the cytoprotective chalcone, xanthohumol. Previous studies have shown a standardized hop extract to beneficially influence chemical estrogen carcinogenesis in vitro by fostering detoxified 2-hydroxylation over genotoxic 4-hydroxylation estrogen metabolism. In this study, hop extract and its bioactive compounds were investigated for its mechanism of action within the chemical estrogen carcinogenesis pathway, which is mainly mediated through the 4-hydroxylation pathway catalyzed by CYP1B1 that can form gentoxic quinones. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists induce CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, while estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibits transcription of CYP1A1, the enzyme responsible for 2-hydroxylated estrogens and the estrogen detoxification pathway. An In-Cell Western MCF-7 cell assay revealed hop extract and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN) degraded ERα via an AhR-dependent mechanism. Reverse transcription PCR and xenobiotic response element luciferase assays showed hop extract and 6-PN-mediated activation of AhR and induction of CYP1A1. A reduction in estrogen-mediated DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) downregulation of CYP1A1 accompanied this activity in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Ultimately, hop extract and 6-PN induced preferential metabolism of estrogens to their detoxified form in vitro. These results suggest that the standardized hop extract and 6-PN activate AhR to attenuate epigenetic inhibition of CYP1A1 through degradation of ERα, ultimately increasing 2-hydroxylated estrogens. A new mechanism of action rationalizes the positive influence of hop BDS and 6-PN on oxidative estrogen metabolism in vitro and, thus, potentially on chemical estrogen carcinogenesis. The findings underscore the importance of elucidating various biological mechanisms of action and standardizing BDS to multiple phytoconstituents for optimal resilience promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Hitzman
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha L Dunlap
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Caitlin E Howell
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Günter Vollmer
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States.,Department of Biology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences (PCRPS), and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (M/C 781), College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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5
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Benzo[a]pyrene Perturbs Mitochondrial and Amino Acid Metabolism in Lung Epithelial Cells and Has Similar Correlations With Metabolic Changes in Human Serum. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 61 Suppl 12:S73-S81. [PMID: 31800453 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A study was conducted to identifymetabolic-related effects of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on human lung epithelial cells and validate these findings using human sera. METHODS Human lung epithelial cells were treated with BaP, and extracts were analyzed with a global metabolome-wide association study (MWAS) to test for pathways and metabolites altered relative to vehicle controls. RESULTS MWAS results showed that BaP metabolites were among the top metabolites differing between BaP-treated cells and controls. Pathway enrichment analysis further confirmed that fatty acid, lipid, and mitochondrial pathways were altered by BaP. Human sera analysis showed that lipids varied with BaP concentration. BaP associations with amino acid metabolism were found in both models. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that BaP has broad metabolic effects, and suggest that air pollution exacerbates disease processes by altered mitochondrial and amino acid metabolism.
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6
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Park W, Park MY, Song G, Lim W. 5,7‐Dimethoxyflavone induces apoptotic cell death in human endometriosis cell lines by activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2275-2286. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyoung Park
- Department of Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Park
- Department of Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Department of Biotechnology Korea University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition Kookmin University Seoul Republic of Korea
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7
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Involvement of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the cytotoxicity of corannulene and its derivatives. Toxicol Lett 2019; 321:114-121. [PMID: 31830554 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite numerous studies on the toxicities of planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), very little is known about the toxicological profiles of non-planar PAHs. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of corannulene (COR), a typical bowl-shaped PAH with a myriad of applications in the area of material chemistry, and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a typical planar PAH with similar molecular weight, were systematically compared in various cell lines. Compared with BaP, exposure to COR resulted in less cytotoxic responses in both human (HepG2) and murine (Hepa1-6) hepatoma cells, which was characterized with a slower cellular accumulation as well as a weaker induction of cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1/Cyp1) isozymes. Knockdown of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by siRNA attenuated the inductive effect of COR on CYP1A/Cyp1a mRNA levels in these two cell lines. Further analysis revealed that derivatization greatly influenced the cytotoxicity of COR, which was positively correlated with their binding affinities to the AhR, as demonstrated by in silico molecular docking. Overall, these results suggest that AhR appears to be involved in the cytotoxic responses of COR and its derivatives, providing a fundamental understanding of the biological effects of bowl-like PAHs.
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8
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Tung YC, Chou YC, Hung WL, Cheng AC, Yu RC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Polymethoxyflavones: Chemistry and Molecular Mechanisms for Cancer Prevention and Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-019-00170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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9
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Rendic SP, Guengerich FP. Development and Uses of Offline and Web-Searchable Metabolism Databases - The Case of Benzo[a]pyrene. Curr Drug Metab 2018; 19:3-46. [PMID: 29219051 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666171207123939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work describes development of offline and web-searchable metabolism databases for drugs, other chemicals, and physiological compounds using human and model species, prompted by the large amount of data published after year 1990. The intent was to provide a rapid and accurate approach to published data to be applied both in science and to assist therapy. METHODS Searches for the data were done using the Pub Med database, accessing the Medline database of references and abstracts. In addition, data presented at scientific conferences (e.g., ISSX conferences) are included covering the publishing period beginning with the year 1976. RESULTS Application of the data is illustrated by the properties of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and its metabolites. Analysis show higher activity of P450 1A1 for activation of the (-)- isomer of trans-B[a]P-7,8-diol, while P4501B1 exerts higher activity for the (+)- isomer. P450 1A2 showed equally low activity in the metabolic activation of both isomers. CONCLUSION The information collected in the databases is applicable in prediction of metabolic drug-drug and/or drug-chemical interactions in clinical and environmental studies. The data on the metabolism of searched compound (exemplified by benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites) also indicate toxicological properties of the products of specific reactions. The offline and web-searchable databases had wide range of applications (e.g. computer assisted drug design and development, optimization of clinical therapy, toxicological applications) and adjustment in everyday life styles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederick P Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146, United States
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10
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Horley NJ, Beresford KJ, Kaduskar S, Joshi P, McCann GJ, Ruparelia KC, Williams IS, Gatchie L, Sonawane VR, Bharate SB, Chaudhuri B. ( E )-3-(3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl)-1-(pyridin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, a heterocyclic chalcone is a potent and selective CYP1A1 inhibitor and cancer chemopreventive agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5409-5414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Iyer S, Wang Y, Xiong W, Tang D, Jedrychowski W, Chanock S, Wang S, Stigter L, Mróz E, Perera F. Significant interactions between maternal PAH exposure and single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes on B[ a ]P-DNA adducts in a cohort of non-smoking Polish mothers and newborns. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1110-1115. [PMID: 27565807 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a class of chemicals common in the environment. Certain PAH are carcinogenic, although the degree to which genetic variation influences susceptibility to carcinogenic PAH remains unclear. Also unknown is the influence of genetic variation on the procarcinogenic effect of in utero exposures to PAH. Benzo[ a ]pyrene (B[ a ]P) is a well-studied PAH that is classified as a known human carcinogen. Within our Polish cohort, we explored interactions between maternal exposure to airborne PAH during pregnancy and maternal and newborn single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in plausible B[ a ]P metabolism genes on B[ a ]P-DNA adducts in paired cord blood samples. The study subjects included non-smoking women ( n = 368) with available data on maternal PAH exposure, paired cord adducts, and genetic data who resided in Krakow, Poland. We selected eight common variants in maternal and newborn candidate genes related to B[ a ]P metabolism, detoxification, and repair for our analyses: CYP1A1 , CYP1A2 , CYP1B1 , GSTM1 , GSTT2 , NQO1 , and XRCC1 . We observed significant interactions between maternal PAH exposure and SNPs on cord B[ a ]P-DNA adducts in the following genes: maternal CYP1A1 and GSTT2 , and newborn CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 . These novel findings highlight differences in maternal and newborn genetic contributions to B[ a ]P-DNA adduct formation and have the potential to identify at-risk subpopulations who are susceptible to the carcinogenic potential of B[ a ]P.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Biostatistics , Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY 10032 , USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics , Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY 10032 , USA
| | | | - Wieslaw Jedrychowski
- Former Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow 31-007 , Poland
| | - Stephen Chanock
- National Cancer Institute , Gaithersburg , MD 20877 , USA and
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics , Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , NY 10032 , USA
| | | | - Elzbieta Mróz
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine , Jagiellonian University Medical College , Krakow 31-007 , Poland
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Xue Z, Li D, Yu W, Zhang Q, Hou X, He Y, Kou X. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospects of polyphenols as modulators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Food Funct 2017; 8:1414-1437. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01810f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenolic AhR modulators displayed concentration-, XRE-, gene-, species- and cell-specific agonistic/antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medical Plant Laboratory
- Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology
- Tianjin 3000381
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Yulong He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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El-Bayoumy K, Chen KM, Zhang SM, Sun YW, Amin S, Stoner G, Guttenplan JB. Carcinogenesis of the Oral Cavity: Environmental Causes and Potential Prevention by Black Raspberry. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:126-144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shang-Min Zhang
- Department
of Pathology, Yale University, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States
| | | | | | - Gary Stoner
- Department
of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - Joseph B. Guttenplan
- Department
of Basic Science, and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry and New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, United States
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14
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Wang S, Dunlap TL, Howell CE, Mbachu OC, Rue EA, Phansalkar R, Chen SN, Pauli GF, Dietz BM, Bolton JL. Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Extract and 6-Prenylnaringenin Induce P450 1A1 Catalyzed Estrogen 2-Hydroxylation. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1142-50. [PMID: 27269377 PMCID: PMC4951797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
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Humulus lupulus L. (hops) is a popular botanical
dietary supplement used by women as a sleep aid and for postmenopausal
symptom relief. In addition to its efficacy for menopausal symptoms,
hops can also modulate the chemical estrogen carcinogenesis pathway
and potentially protect women from breast cancer. In the present study,
an enriched hop extract and the key bioactive compounds [6-prenylnarigenin
(6-PN), 8-prenylnarigenin (8-PN), isoxanthohumol (IX), and xanthohumol
(XH)] were tested for their effects on estrogen metabolism in breast
cells (MCF-10A and MCF-7). The methoxyestrones (2-/4-MeOE1) were analyzed as biomarkers for the nontoxic P450 1A1 catalyzed
2-hydroxylation and the genotoxic P450 1B1 catalyzed 4-hydroxylation
pathways, respectively. The results indicated that the hop extract
and 6-PN preferentially induced the 2-hydroxylation pathway in both
cell lines. 8-PN only showed slight up-regulation of metabolism in
MCF-7 cells, whereas IX and XH did not have significant effects in
either cell line. To further explore the influence of hops and its
bioactive marker compounds on P450 1A1/1B1, mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (EROD) activity were measured. The results
correlated with the metabolism data and showed that hop extract and
6-PN preferentially enhanced P450 1A1 mRNA expression and increased
P450 1A1/1B1 activity. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation
by the isolated compounds was tested using xenobiotic response element
(XRE) luciferase construct transfected cells. 6-PN was found to be
an AhR agonist that significantly induced XRE activation and inhibited
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induced
XRE activity. 6-PN mediated induction of EROD activity was also inhibited
by the AhR antagonist CH223191. These data show that the hop extract
and 6-PN preferentially enhance the nontoxic estrogen 2-hydroxylation
pathway through AhR mediated up-regulation of P450 1A1, which further
emphasizes the importance of standardization of botanical extracts
to multiple chemical markers for both safety and desired bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Tareisha L Dunlap
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Caitlin E Howell
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Obinna C Mbachu
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Emily A Rue
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Rasika Phansalkar
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Birgit M Dietz
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
| | - Judy L Bolton
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231, United States
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Kaminagakura E, Caris A, Coutinho-Camillo C, Soares FA, Takahama-Júnior A, Kowalski LP. Protein expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2 in young patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:706-12. [PMID: 26944893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of the enzymes involved in the biotransformation of tobacco and alcohol. A study group of 41 young patients (≤40 years old) with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was compared to 59 control subjects (≥50 years old) with tumours of similar clinical stages and topographies. The immunohistochemical expression of CYP1A1, CYP1B1, ALDH1A1, and ALDH2 was evaluated using the tissue microarray technique. There was a predominance of males, smokers, and alcohol drinkers in both groups. Most tumours were located in the tongue (43.9% vs. 50.8%), were well-differentiated (63.4% vs. 56.6%), and were in clinical stages III or IV (80.5% vs. 78.0%). No difference was observed in the expression of CYP1A1, ALDH1A1, or ALDH2 between the two groups. CYP1A1 and ALDH2 protein expression had no influence on the prognosis. The immunoexpression of CYP1B1 was significantly higher in the control group than in the young group (P<0.001). The 5-year relapse-free survival was better in patients with CYP1B1 overexpression vs. protein underexpression (64% vs. 25%; P<0.05), regardless of age. ALDH1A1 expression improved relapse-free survival in young patients. These results suggest a lower risk of recurrence with increased metabolism of carcinogens by CYP1B1. Further studies involving other genes and proteins are necessary to complement the results of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kaminagakura
- Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Caris
- Biopathology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Coutinho-Camillo
- International Research Centre, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F A Soares
- Department of Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A Takahama-Júnior
- Department of Specific Formation, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L P Kowalski
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Centre, São Paulo, Brazil
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Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone in mice following single dose oral administration. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 119:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Salcido-Neyoy ME, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Osornio-Vargas AR, Gonsebatt ME, Meléndez-Zajgla J, Morales-Bárcenas R, Petrosyan P, Molina-Servin ED, Vega E, Manzano-León N, García-Cuellar CM. Induction of c-Jun by air particulate matter (PM₁₀) of Mexico city: Participation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:175-182. [PMID: 25909326 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenic potential of urban particulate matter (PM) has been partly attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) content, which activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here we report the effect of PM with an aerodynamic size of 10 μm (PM10) on the induction of AhR pathway in A549 cells, evaluating its downstream targets CYP1B1, IL-6, IL-8 and c-Jun. Significant increases in CYP1B1 protein and enzyme activity; IL-6 and IL-8 secretion and c-Jun protein were found in response to PM10. The formation of PAH-DNA adducts was also detected. The involvement of AhR pathway was confirmed with Resveratrol as AhR antagonist, which reversed CYP1B1 and c-Jun induction. Nevertheless, in IL-6 and IL-8 secretion, the Resveratrol was ineffective, suggesting an effect independent of this pathway. Considering the role of c-Jun in oncogenesis, its induction by PM may be contributing to its carcinogenic potential through induction of AhR pathway by PAHs present in PM10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Estela Salcido-Neyoy
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col Sección XVI. C.P. 14080. Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col Sección XVI. C.P. 14080. Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico
| | | | - María Eugenia Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228. Ciudad Universitaria. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Jorge Meléndez-Zajgla
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur, No.4809. Col. Arenal Tepepan, C.P. 14610. Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col Sección XVI. C.P. 14080. Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228. Ciudad Universitaria. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Edith Danny Molina-Servin
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70228. Ciudad Universitaria. 04510, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Vega
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas 152. San Bartolo Atepehuacan, C.P. 07730, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Natalia Manzano-León
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col Sección XVI. C.P. 14080. Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Av. San Fernando No. 22, Col Sección XVI. C.P. 14080. Delegación Tlalpan, México, D.F., Mexico.
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Yu PJ, Chen WG, Feng QL, Chen W, Jiang MJ, Li ZQ. Association between CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms and risk factors and susceptibility to laryngeal cancer. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:239-45. [PMID: 25619313 PMCID: PMC4307736 DOI: 10.12659/msm.893084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) gene, a metabolic enzyme gene, and the susceptibility to laryngeal cancer among the Chinese Han population. Material/Methods In a case-control study, we investigated polymorphisms in the CYP1B1 gene (rs10012, rs1056827, and rs1056836) with a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (TaqMan). The study was conducted with 300 Chinese Han patients with laryngeal cancer and 300 healthy Chinese Han subjects in a control group. We also studied the interactions between genetic polymorphism and risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption in the pathogenesis of laryngeal cancer. Results There were statistically significant differences in the distributions of the rs1056827 and rs1056836 genotypes between the 2 groups. Regarding rs1056827, carriers of the T allele had a significantly higher risk of laryngeal cancer than the G-allele carriers (OR=1.4339, 95% CI: 1.1268–1.8247; P=0.0034). The difference was still statistically significant after adjusting for factors such as age, sex, smoking, and drinking (adjusted OR=1.743, 95% CI: 1.124–3.743, P<0.001). However, regarding rs1056836, the G allele carriers had a significantly lower risk of laryngeal cancer than the C allele carriers (OR=0.5557, 95% CI: 0.3787–0.8154; P=0.0027). The difference was statistically significant even after adjusting for factors such as age, sex, smoking, and drinking (adjusted OR=0.5641, 95% CI: 0.3212–0.8121, P=0.001). Subjects who carry the C-T-C haplotype have a significantly increased incidence of laryngeal cancer. We also found that CYP1B1 rs1056827 polymorphism had synergistic effects with smoking or alcohol consumption regarding the risk of laryngeal cancer. Conclusions CYP1B1 gene polymorphism is closely related to the onset of laryngeal cancer. There is a mutually synergistic effect between smoking, alcohol consumption, and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms regarding laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ju Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Guan Chen
- Operation Room, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Quan-Lin Feng
- Department of Tumor Surgical, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Man-Jie Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Ze-Qing Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, China Jiangsu Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Bei D, An G. Quantification of 5,7-dimethoxyflavone in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 978-979:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Iyer S, Perera F, Zhang B, Chanock S, Wang S, Tang D. Significant interactions between maternal PAH exposure and haplotypes in candidate genes on B[a]P-DNA adducts in a NYC cohort of non-smoking African-American and Dominican mothers and newborns. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:69-75. [PMID: 24177223 PMCID: PMC3871941 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are a class of chemicals common in the environment. Certain PAH are carcinogenic, although the degree to which genetic variation influences susceptibility to carcinogenic PAH remains unclear. Also unknown is the influence of genetic variation on the procarcinogenic effect of in utero exposures to PAH. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a well-studied PAH that is classified as a probable human carcinogen. Within our New York City-based cohort, we explored interactions between maternal exposure to airborne PAH during pregnancy and maternal and newborn haplotypes (and in one case, a single-nucleotide polymorphism) in key B[a]P metabolism genes on B[a]P-DNA adducts in paired cord blood samples. The study subjects included non-smoking African-American (n = 132) and Dominican (n = 235) women with available data on maternal PAH exposure, paired cord adducts and genetic data who resided in the Washington Heights, Central Harlem and South Bronx neighborhoods of New York City. We selected seven maternal and newborn genes related to B[a]P metabolism, detoxification and repair for our analyses: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, GSTM3, GSTT2, NQO1 and XRCC1. We found significant interactions between maternal PAH exposure and haplotype on cord B[a]P-DNA adducts in the following genes: maternal CYP1B1, XRCC1 and GSTM3, and newborn CYP1A2 and XRCC1 in African-Americans; and maternal XRCC1 and newborn NQO1 in Dominicans. These novel findings highlight differences in maternal and newborn genetic contributions to B[a]P-DNA adduct formation, as well as ethnic differences in gene-environment interactions, and have the potential to identify at-risk subpopulations who are susceptible to the carcinogenic potential of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoba Iyer
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health and
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and
- National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health and
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and
- National Cancer Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
| | - Bingzhi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and
| | | | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA and
| | - Deliang Tang
- *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 212 3051704; Fax: +212 3050596;
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Quantitative assessment of the influence of CYP1B1 polymorphisms and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma risk. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:3891-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Khlifi R, Messaoud O, Rebai A, Hamza-Chaffai A. Polymorphisms in the human cytochrome P450 and arylamine N-acetyltransferase: susceptibility to head and neck cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:582768. [PMID: 24151610 PMCID: PMC3787584 DOI: 10.1155/2013/582768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with smoking and alcohol drinking. Tobacco smoking exposes smokers to a series of carcinogenic chemicals. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s), such as CYP1A1, CYP1B1, and CYP2D6, usually metabolize carcinogens to their inactive derivatives, but they occasionally convert the chemicals to more potent carcinogens. In addition, via CYP450 (CYP2E1) oxidase, alcohol is metabolized to acetaldehyde, a highly toxic compound, which plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Furthermore, two N-acetyltransferase isozymes (NATs), NAT1 and NAT2, are polymorphic and catalyze both N-acetylation and O-acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens. Genetic polymorphisms are associated with a number of enzymes involved in the metabolism of carcinogens important in the induction of HNC. It has been suggested that such polymorphisms may be linked to cancer susceptibility. In this paper, we select four cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1BA1, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1), and two N-acetyltransferase isozymes (NAT1 and NAT2) in order to summarize and analyze findings from the literature related to HNC risk by focusing on (i) the interaction between these genes and the environment, (ii) the impact of genetic defect on protein activity and/or expression, and (iii) the eventual involvement of race in such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Khlifi
- Research Unit on Toxicology and Environment, Sfax University, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Messaoud
- Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics Laboratory LR11IPT05, University of Tunis El Manar, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Hamza-Chaffai
- Research Unit on Toxicology and Environment, Sfax University, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
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Protection of dietary polyphenols against oral cancer. Nutrients 2013; 5:2173-91. [PMID: 23771133 PMCID: PMC3725499 DOI: 10.3390/nu5062173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer represents a health burden worldwide with approximate 275,000 new cases diagnosed annually. Its poor prognosis is due to local tumor invasion and frequent lymph node metastasis. Better understanding and development of novel treatments and chemo-preventive approaches for the preventive and therapeutic intervention of this type of cancer are necessary. Recent development of dietary polyphenols as cancer preventives and therapeutic agents is of great interest due to their antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. Polyphenols may inhibit carcinogenesis in the stage of initiation, promotion, or progression. In particular, dietary polyphenols decrease incidence of carcinomas and exert protection against oral cancer by induction of cell death and inhibition of tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In this review, we discuss current progress of dietary polyphenols against oral cancers in vitro, in vivo, and at population levels.
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Kaur K, Mirlashari MR, Kvalheim G, Kjeldsen-Kragh J. 3',4'-Dimethoxyflavone and valproic acid promotes the proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:60. [PMID: 23706670 PMCID: PMC3706763 DOI: 10.1186/scrt208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been clinically used for transplantation and gene and cellular therapy for more than 4 decades. However, this use is limited because of the challenges in the ex vivo culturing of HSCs. The major hurdle is to amplify these cells without losing their self-renewing property. METHODS In our study, we tested 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (3'4'-DMF) and valproic acid (VPA) on the ex vivo expansion of HSCs under both normoxic (20% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. 3'4'-DMF is a widely used anticancer drug that acts as a competitive antagonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. VPA is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase and is used in the treatment of neurologic disorders. RESULTS Culturing HSCs (from mobilized peripheral blood) under normoxia, with 3'4'-DMF and VPA, highly preserved the CD34 positivity (3'4'-DMF, 22.1%, VPA, 20.3%) after 1 week and strongly enhanced the CD34(+) cells (3'4'-DMF, 27.8 fold; VPA, 34.1 fold) compared with the control cultures (11.6% and 14.4 fold). Addition of 3'4'-DMF and VPA also resulted in more primary colonies and replating efficiency compared with control cultures. Although no significant effect was observed on the enhancement of CD34(+) cells under hypoxia, the number of primary colonies was significantly higher than the control cultures. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, this study presents, for the first time, in vitro evidence for a new and relevant effect of 3'4'-DMF on human HSCs. In addition, the results suggest a potential clinical use of 3'4'-DMF and VPA in HSC therapy.
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Perumal Vijayaraman K, Muruganantham S, Subramanian M, Shunmugiah KP, Kasi PD. Silymarin attenuates benzo(a)pyrene induced toxicity by mitigating ROS production, DNA damage and calcium mediated apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 86:79-85. [PMID: 23067546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is the most studied member of PAH family is released into the environment (air, water and soil) from natural and man-made sources including industrial and automobile exhaust fumes. Since B(a)P is an omnipresent environmental pollutant and is believed to be a risk factor for human chemical carcinogenesis, it is important to identify potent naturally occurring/synthetic agents that could modulate B(a)P-induced toxicity. The present study explores the effect of the flavonoid silymarin (2.4mg/ml) in counteracting the toxicity of B(a)P (1μM) in PBMC. Flourimetry and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy results showed that silymarin reduces the B(a)P induced ROS production and DNA damage. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy analysis and fluorescent microscopic pictures proved that silymarin reduces the increased intracellular calcium and apoptosis induction during B(a)P treatment. Furthermore, silymarin did not show any inhibition for CYP1B1 activity at transcriptional level by semiquantitative RT PCR but it affects the catalytic activity of Phase I CYP1A1/CYP1B1 enzyme (EROD assay) during B(a)P treatment. The findings reveal that silymarin possesses substantial protective effect against B(a)P induced DNA damage and calcium mediated apoptosis by inhibiting the catalytic activity of CYP1B1 and maintaining the intracellular calcium dysregulation; hence, it could be considered as a potential protective agent for environmental contaminant induced immunotoxicity.
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Master Z, Chaudhary A, Sutter TR, Willett KL. Effects of flavonoids on CYP1 expression in RL95-2 endometrial carcinoma cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Trushin N, Alam S, El-Bayoumy K, Krzeminski J, Amin SG, Gullett J, Meyers C, Prokopczyk B. Comparative metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene by human keratinocytes infected with high-risk human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 as episomal or integrated genomes. J Carcinog 2012; 11:1. [PMID: 22368516 PMCID: PMC3284083 DOI: 10.4103/1477-3163.92309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a critical factor in the development of cervical cancer. Smoking is an additional risk factor. Tobacco smoke carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and their cytochrome P450-related metabolites are present in significantly higher levels in the cervical mucus of women smokers than in nonsmokers. We determined the metabolism and P450 expression of B[a]P-treated human keratinocytes infected with HPV-16 or -18. Materials and Methods: Monolayer cultures of uninfected primary human foreskin keratinocytes, human vaginal and cervical keratinocytes carrying episomal genomes of HPV-16 and -18, respectively, and invasive cervical carcinoma cell lines carrying either HPV-16 or -18 genomes integrated into the host DNA, were incubated with 0.1 μM [3H]B[a]P. The resulting oxidative metabolites were analyzed and quantified by radioflow high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, all cell lines were incubated with unlabeled 0.1 μM B[a]P for Western blot analysis of cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1. Results: Significant enhancement in levels of both detoxification and activation metabolites was found in incubations with all types of HPV-infected cells compared with control incubations (P < 0.05). The highest capacity to metabolize B[a]P was observed with cells containing integrated HPV-18 genomes. Induction of cytochrome 1B1 was observed in HPV-16 and -18 integrated, and in HPV-16 episomal cell types. Conclusions: Both viral genotype and genomic status in the host cell affect B[a]P metabolism and cytochrome P450 1B1 expression. An increase of DNA-damaging metabolites might result from exposure of HPV-infected women to cigarette smoke carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Trushin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Lai CS, Pan MH. Mechanism for Possible Chemopreventive Effects of Natural Dietary Compounds on Smoking-induced Tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecm.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Expression profiling of CYP1B1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma: counterintuitive downregulation in tumors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27914. [PMID: 22114726 PMCID: PMC3218060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has a very flagitious treatment regime. A prodrug approach is thought to aid in targeting chemotherapy. CYP1B1, a member of cytochrome P450 family, has been implicated in chemical carcinogenesis. There exists a general accordance that this protein is overexpressed in a variety of cancers, making it an ideal candidate for a prodrug therapy. The activation of the prodrug facilitated by CYP1B1 would enable the targeting of chemotherapy to tumor tissues in which CYP1B1 is specifically overexpressed as a result reducing the non-specific side effects that the current chemotherapy elicits. This study was aimed at validating the use of CYP1B1 as a target for the prodrug therapy in OSCC. The expression profile of CYP1B1 was analysed in a panel of 51 OSCC tumors, their corresponding normal tissues, an epithelial dysplasia lesion and its matched normal tissue by qRT-PCR, Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry. CYP1B1 was found to be downregulated in 77.78% (28/36) tumor tissues in comparison to their corresponding normal tissues as well as in the epithelial dysplasia lesion compared to its matched normal tissue at the transcriptional level, and in 92.86% (26/28) of tumor tissues at the protein level. This report therefore clearly demonstrates the downregulation of CYP1B1 at the transcriptional and translational levels in tumor tissues in comparison to their corresponding normal tissues. These observations indicate that caution should be observed as this therapy may not be applicable universally to all cancers and also suggest the possibility of a prophylactic therapy for oral cancer.
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Benzo[a]pyrene and tumor necrosis factor-α coordinately increase genotoxic damage and the production of proinflammatory mediators in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 206:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yang JF, Cao JG, Tian L, Liu F. 5, 7-Dimethoxyflavone sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2011; 69:195-206. [PMID: 21660448 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-011-1686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE 5, 7-dimethoxyflavone (DMF) has been reported to induce apoptosis in various cancer cells. The aim of this study was to examine whether DMF sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis and its mechanism. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B, Huh-7, and Hep G2 and human embryo liver L-02 cells were cultured in vitro. The cytotoxic activities were determined using MTT assay. The apoptotic cell death was examined using Flow cytometry using PI staining and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. The activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were measured using ELISA. Intracellular ROS was measured by FCM using the fluorescent probe DCHF-DA, and the expression of DR4, DR5, CHOP, GPR78, and ATF4 proteins was analyzed using Western blot. RESULTS Our results demonstrated subtoxic concentrations of DMF sensitize HCC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis and induce the death receptor 5 (DR5) expression level, accompanying the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the upregulation of CHOP, GPR78, and ATF4 protein expression. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited DMF-induced upregulation of DR5, CHOP, GPR78, and ATF4 protein expression and blocked the cotreatment-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, DMF-mediated sensitization of HCC cells to TRAIL was reduced by administration of a blocking antibody or small interfering RNAs for DR5, salubrinal, an inhibitor of ER stress, and the small interfering RNAs for CHOP. However, DMF could not induce the upregulation of DR5 expression, generation of ROS, and sensitization of TRAIL-induced apoptotic cell death in human embryo liver L-02 cells or normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that DMF selectively enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis by ROS-stimulated ER-stress triggering CHOP-mediated DR5 upregulation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Yang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
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Flavonoids in Cancer Prevention and Therapy: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Mechanisms of Action, and Perspectives for Cancer Drug Discovery. ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY THERAPIES FOR CANCER 2010. [PMCID: PMC7120123 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0020-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Among the numerous products available from plants, the flavonoid superfamily plays a central role by its large number of molecules (over 6000) and also by the role these products occupy in the normal physiology of plants. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites involved in several biological processes (e.g., germination, UV protection, insecticides) and are also involved in the attraction of pollinating agents via the vivid colors of the anthocyanin pigments found in flowers (e.g., blue, purple, yellow, orange, and red) [1–3]. Flavonoids are found in the normal human diet composed of green vegetables, onions, fruits (apples, grapes, strawberries, etc.), beverages (coffee, tea, beer, red wine) [4, 5], and isoflavonoids are mainly found in soya bean-derived products [6].
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Establishment and characterization of an HPV16 E6/E7-expressing oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line with enhanced tumorigenicity. Med Oncol 2010; 28:1331-7. [PMID: 20464641 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region. The mechanism of carcinogenesis of OSCC is still unclear. Based on the previous cell line, HIOEC-B(a)P-96 (HB96), which we obtained by HPV16 E6/E7-immortalized human oral epithelial cells (HIOEC) and benzo(a)pyrene inducement, we prepared a new HB-second generation cancer cell line (HB-2) by continuous passage. Its characteristics such as morphology, proliferation activity, karyotype, and tumorigenesis were studied. The HB-2 cells displayed uncontrolled cell division and lost contact inhibition leading to cell overlap. Cells were polygonal and unevenly shaped, with an increased nucleus versus plasma ratio. Increased proliferative activity was confirmed by MTT assays. The tumorigenicity was confirmed by tumor growth experiments in nude mice. Therefore, the HB-2 and HB96 cell lines are useful tools to study the mechanism of carcinogenesis of OSCC in vitro for future genomic and proteomic analyses.
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Androutsopoulos VP, Papakyriakou A, Vourloumis D, Tsatsakis AM, Spandidos DA. Dietary flavonoids in cancer therapy and prevention: Substrates and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 CYP1 enzymes. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 126:9-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Neal MS, Mulligan Tuttle AM, Casper RF, Lagunov A, Foster WG. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists attenuate the deleterious effects of benzo[a]pyrene on isolated rat follicle development. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21:100-8. [PMID: 20466593 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Revised: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that benzo[a]pyrene, a key component of cigarette smoke and an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand, reduced growth of isolated rat follicles in vitro. However, the mechanism underlying the induced changes in folliculogenesis is unknown. This study proposed that the reported adverse effects of benzo[a]pyrene on follicle growth are mediated through AhR activation. The objective was to investigate the effect of benzo[a]pyrene with and without AhR antagonists (resveratrol or 3',4'-dimethoxyflavone (3,4-DMF)) on follicle growth, oestradiol output, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and cell proliferation in isolated rat follicles cultured in vitro. Benzo[a]pyrene treatment significantly inhibited follicle growth and cell proliferation at concentrations of 1.5 ng/ml and higher (P < 0.05), an effect attenuated by co-incubation with benzo[a]pyrene and resveratrol or 3,4-DMF. A significant decrease in oestradiol (P < 0.05) and AMH output (P < 0.001) by cultured follicles was induced by benzo[a]pyrene treatment, an effect attenuated by co-incubation with 3,4-DMF. The results suggest that the adverse effects of benzo[a]pyrene on follicle growth, steroidogenesis and AMH output are mediated through activation of the AhR. Moreover, AhR antagonists such as resveratrol and 3,4-DMF may have therapeutic benefit in protecting the ovary against the adverse effects of AhR ligands, including benzo[a]pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Neal
- ONE Fertility, 3210 Harvester Road, Burlington, Ontario L7N3T1, Canada.
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Walle T, Walle UK. Novel methoxylated flavone inhibitors of cytochrome P450 1B1 in SCC-9 human oral cancer cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:857-62. [PMID: 17637178 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary polyphenols, including flavonoids, have been implied to have cancer preventive properties. Suggested mechanisms include inhibition of carcinogen-activating cytochrome P450 (CYP) transcription and activities. These studies have focused mainly on CYP1A1. However, CYP1B1 has recently been shown to be of particular importance in smoking-induced oral and oesophageal cancer. Previous observations in our laboratory demonstrated that methoxylated flavonoids may be effective inhibitors of CYP1A1 transcription and activity as well as being orally bioavailable. In this study, an initial screening of 19 methoxylated flavones, using the ethoxyresorufin de-ethylation assay in human oral squamous cell carcinoma SCC-9 cells pretreated with 1μM benzo[a]pyrene, identified six strongly inhibitory compounds for further studies. The effect of these flavones on CYP1B1 mRNA expression was measured with quantitative branched DNA methodology. Four of the compounds −3′,4′-dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone and, in particular, 7,3′-dimethoxyflavone and 7,4′-dimethoxyflavone — were potent inhibitors of CYP1B1 mRNA expression. Two of the more common unmethylated polyphenols — curcumin and quercetin — were also potent inhibitors. Whereas most unmethylated polyphenols, such as curcumin and quercetin, have very poor bioavailability, the high metabolic stability of the methoxylated flavones studied here suggests that these CYP1B1 inhibitors may also be effective in-vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Walle
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Kasimsetty SG, Bialonska D, Reddy MK, Thornton C, Willett KL, Ferreira D. Effects of pomegranate chemical constituents/intestinal microbial metabolites on CYP1B1 in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10636-10644. [PMID: 19919114 DOI: 10.1021/jf902716r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP1B1, is an established target in prostate cancer chemoprevention. Compounds inhibiting CYP1B1 activity are contemplated to exert beneficial effects at three stages of prostate cancer development, that is, initiation, progression, and development of drug resistance. Pomegranate ellagitannins/microbial metabolites were examined for their CYP1B1 inhibitory activity in a recombinant CYP1B1-mediated ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. Urolithin A, a microbial metabolite, was the most potent uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP1B1-mediated EROD activity, exhibiting 2-fold selectivity over CYP1A1, while urolithin B was a noncompetitive inhibitor with 3-fold selectivity. The punicalins and punicalagins exhibited potent CYP1A1 inhibition with 5-10-fold selectivity over CYP1B1. Urolithins, punicalins, and punicalagins were tested for their 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced CYP1 inhibitory activity in the 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell line. Urolithins A and B showed a decrease in their CYP1-mediated EROD inhibitory IC50 values upon increasing their treatment times from 30 min to 24 h. Urolithin C, 8-O-methylurolithin A, and 8,9-di-O-methylurolithin C caused a potent CYP1-mediated EROD inhibition in 22Rv1 cells upon 24 h of incubation. Neutral red uptake assay results indicated that urolithin C, 8-O-methylurolithin A, and 8,9-di-O-methylurolithin C induced profound cytotoxicity in the proximity of their CYP1 inhibitory IC50 values. Urolithins A and B were studied for their cellular uptake and inhibition of TCDD-induced CYP1B1 expression. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated a 5-fold increase in urolithin uptake by 22Rv1 cells. Western blots of the CYP1B1 protein indicated that the urolithins interfered with the expression of CYP1B1 protein. Thus, urolithins were found to display a dual mode mechanism by decreasing CYP1B1 activity and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashi G Kasimsetty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Methylation of dietary flavones increases their metabolic stability and chemopreventive effects. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:5002-5019. [PMID: 20087474 PMCID: PMC2808020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary flavones have promising chemoprotective properties, in particular with regard to cancer, but problems with low oral bioavailability and sometimes unacceptable toxicity have made their use as protective additives to normal diets questionable. However, methylation of free phenolic hydroxyl groups leads to derivatives not susceptible to glucuronic acid or sulfate conjugation, resulting in increased metabolic stability. Methylation also leads to greatly improved transport through biological membranes, such as in intestinal absorption, and much increased oral bioavailability. Recent studies also indicate that methylation results in derivatives with increasing potency to kill cancer cells. They also show high potency towards inhibition of hormone-regulating enzymes, e.g., aromatase, important in the causation of breast cancer. Methylation of the flavones may also result in derivatives with diminished toxic side-effects and improved aqueous solubility. In conclusion, it appears that methylation of dietary flavones as well as of other food products may produce derivatives with much improved health effects.
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Eder C, Frankenberger M, Stanzel F, Seidel A, Schramm KW, Ziegler-Heitbrock L, Hofer TP. Ultrafine carbon particles down-regulate CYP1B1 expression in human monocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2009; 6:27. [PMID: 19835593 PMCID: PMC2770025 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-6-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 monoxygenases play an important role in the defence against inhaled toxic compounds and in metabolizing a wide range of xenobiotics and environmental contaminants. In ambient aerosol the ultrafine particle fraction which penetrates deeply into the lungs is considered to be a major factor for adverse health effects. The cells mainly affected by inhaled particles are lung epithelial cells and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. RESULTS In this study we have analyzed the effect of a mixture of fine TiO2 and ultrafine carbon black Printex 90 particles (P90) on the expression of cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) in human monocytes, macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells and epithelial cell lines. CYP1B1 expression is strongly down-regulated by P90 in monocytes with a maximum after P90 treatment for 3 h while fine and ultrafine TiO2 had no effect. CYP1B1 was down-regulated up to 130-fold and in addition CYP1A1 mRNA was decreased 13-fold. In vitro generated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), epithelial cell lines, and primary bronchial epithelial cells also showed reduced CYP1B1 mRNA levels. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is inducing CYB1B1 but ultrafine P90 can still down-regulate gene expression at 0.1 muM of BaP. The P90-induced reduction of CYP1B1 was also demonstrated at the protein level using Western blot analysis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the P90-induced reduction of CYP gene expression may interfere with the activation and/or detoxification capabilities of inhaled toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Eder
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Clinical Cooperation Group Inflammatory Lung Diseases, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease and Asklepios Fachkliniken Muenchen-Gauting, Robert-Koch-Allee 29, 82131 Gauting, Germany.
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Androutsopoulos VP, Li N, Arroo RRJ. The methoxylated flavones eupatorin and cirsiliol induce CYP1 enzyme expression in MCF7 cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:1390-1394. [PMID: 19601638 DOI: 10.1021/np900051s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids have often been associated with cancer prevention and activity of the human cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 with the occurrence of cancer. The flavones eupatorin (1) and cirsiliol (2) enhanced CYP1 enzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner in MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cells. In the range of 0-2.5 microM, 2 caused a dose-dependent increase in CYP1B1 mRNA levels and an increase in CYP1A1 mRNA. Compound 1 caused an increase in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA at higher doses (approximately 5 microM). Both CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 catalyzed the conversion of 2 into an as yet unidentified compound. Application of the CYP1 family inhibitor, acacetin, significantly increased the IC(50) value of 2 in MCF7 cells, but did not significantly affect the action of 1. The data suggest that 2 induces CYP1 enzyme expression in cancer cells and is subsequently converted by CYP1B1 or CYP1A1 into an antiproliferative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis P Androutsopoulos
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Voutes 71003, Greece.
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Chi AC, Appleton K, Henriod JB, Krayer JW, Marlow NM, Bandyopadhyay D, Sigmon RC, Kurtz DT. Differential induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 by benzo[a]pyrene in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and by tobacco smoking in oral mucosa. Oral Oncol 2009; 45:980-5. [PMID: 19576839 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.05.562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo[a]pyrene (BP), are major tobacco carcinogens. Their carcinogenic effects require metabolic activation by cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzymes. Relative CYP isoform expression is related to tissue-specific tobacco-related squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) susceptibility. There have been conflicting reports regarding relative CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 oral expression, and information regarding CYP1B1 expression in oral tissues is limited. To quantify BP- and tobacco-induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in oral SCC cells and oral mucosa. STUDY DESIGN Real-time qPCR was performed to measure (1) BP-induced CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in seven oral/other head and neck SCC cell lines (2) CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in gingiva from 22 smokers and 24 nonsmokers. SCC lines exhibited either similar induction of both isoforms or preferential CYP1A1 induction (CYP1A1-to-CYP1B1 ratios 0.8-4.3). In contrast, gingival tissues from smokers exhibited preferential CYP1B1 induction. Marked interindividual variation in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression was observed among smokers. In vitro conditions may not account for factors that modulate expression in vivo. Interindividual variation in inducible CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression may account in part for variation in tobacco-related oral SCC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Chi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, P.O. Box 250507, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Sengottuvelan M, Deeptha K, Nalini N. Resveratrol ameliorates DNA damage, prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 181:193-201. [PMID: 19523937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common internal malignancies in Western society. Currently oxidative stress has been increasingly postulated as a major contributor to carcinogenesis. The assessment of damage in various biological matrices, such as tissues and cells, is vital to understand the development of carcinogenesis and subsequently devising intervention strategies. Thus, the major objective of the present study was to examine the effect of resveratrol (Res) on DNA damage in a short-term study of 16 days and circulatory lipid peroxidation, enzymic/non-enzymic antioxidants status in a long-term study of 30 weeks in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced colon carcinogenesis. Wistar male rats were divided into 6 groups, group 1 were control rats, group 2 rats received Res (8mg/kg body weight, orally, everyday), rats in groups 3-6 were administered (DMH, 20mg/kg body weight, s.c.) as four injections in order to induce DNA damage in the short-term or once a week for the first 15 weeks in the long-term study. In addition to DMH, group 4 (initiation), 5 (post-initiation) and 6 (entire-period) received Res (8mg/kg body weight, p.o., everyday). The results revealed that, supplementation with Res (entire-period) treatment regimen significantly reduced the DMH-induced leukocytic DNA damage (tail length, tail moment, % DNA in the comet tail and olive tail moment) as compared to DMH-alone treated rats. In addition, entire-period Res supplementation increased the enzymic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase) and non-enzymic (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene) antioxidant status with a corresponding decrease in the extent of lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugates and lipid hydroperoxides). Conversely, Res supplementation during initiation and post-initiation regimen did not produce greater modulatory effects. Our results indicate that DMH-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress were suppressed/prevented effectively by chronic Res supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sengottuvelan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India
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Petti S, Scully C. Polyphenols, oral health and disease: A review. J Dent 2009; 37:413-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Chen KM, Sacks PG, Spratt TE, Lin JM, Boyiri T, Schwartz J, Richie JP, Calcagnotto A, Das A, Bortner J, Zhao Z, Amin S, Guttenplan J, El-Bayoumy K. Modulations of benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA adduct, cyclin D1 and PCNA in oral tissue by 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 383:151-5. [PMID: 19344691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is an important cause of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tobacco smoke contains multiple carcinogens include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons typified by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Surgery is the conventional treatment approach for SCC, but it remains imperfect. However, chemoprevention is a plausible strategy and we had previously demonstrated that 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) significantly inhibited tongue tumors-induced by the synthetic 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (not present in tobacco smoke). In this study, we demonstrated that p-XSC is capable of inhibiting B[a]P-DNA adduct formation, cell proliferation, cyclin D1 expression in human oral cells in vitro. In addition, we showed that dietary p-XSC inhibits B[a]P-DNA adduct formation, cell proliferation and cyclin D1 protein expression in the mouse tongue in vivo. The results of this study are encouraging to further evaluate the chemopreventive efficacy of p-XSC initially against B[a]P-induced tongue tumors in mice and ultimately in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ming Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Androutsopoulos V, Wilsher N, Arroo RRJ, Potter GA. Bioactivation of the phytoestrogen diosmetin by CYP1 cytochromes P450. Cancer Lett 2008; 274:54-60. [PMID: 18976853 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Amongst the various forms of treatment chemoprevention is favoured and natural products such as the dietary flavonoids have been examined for their cancer preventative activity. In this study we investigated the anticancer activity of the flavonoid diosmetin, as a result of cytochrome P450 CYP1 metabolism. Diosmetin was metabolized to luteolin via an aromatic demethylation reaction on the B-ring from CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and the hepatic isozyme CYP1A2. CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 also produced additional unidentified metabolites. CYP1B1 showed the lowest apparent KM and CYP1A1 the highest apparent Kcat. Diosmetin was also metabolized to luteolin in estrogen receptor positive breast cell-line (MCF-7 cells) preinduced for 24 h with the potent CYP1 inducer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Treatment of MCF-7 cells with TCDD caused bioactivation of diosmetin enhancing its cytotoxicity. Taken together these data suggest that the flavonoid diosmetin is metabolised to the more active molecule luteolin by CYP1 family enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Androutsopoulos
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
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Benzo (a) pyrene induced tumorigenesity of human immortalized oral epithelial cells: transcription profiling. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200810010-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Androutsopoulos V, Arroo RRJ, Hall JF, Surichan S, Potter GA. Antiproliferative and cytostatic effects of the natural product eupatorin on MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cells due to CYP1-mediated metabolism. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10:R39. [PMID: 18454852 PMCID: PMC2481486 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The natural product eupatorin has been reported to have antiproliferative activity in tumour cell lines, but the exact mechanism is unclear. The cytochromes P450 CYP1B1, CYP1A1, and CYP1A2 have been shown to participate in the activation of various xenobiotics, compounds derived from the diet as well as chemotherapeutic drugs. CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 have also been proposed as targets for cancer chemotherapy for their differential and selective overexpression in tumour cells. In this study, we aimed to identify a possible mechanism of action for the antiproliferative effect of eupatorin, which can be attributed to CYP1 family-mediated metabolism. Methods The study focuses on the antiproliferative action of eupatorin on the human breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB-468 and on a cell line derived from normal mammary tissue, MCF-10A. The cytotoxicity of the flavone, its effect on the cell cycle of the abovementioned cell lines, and its metabolism by CYP1 family enzymes were examined. Results Eupatorin showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of cell growth on MDA-MB-468 cells with a submicromolar median inhibition concentration (IC50) whereas the IC50 of this compound in MCF-10A cells was considerably higher. The antiproliferative effect, as measured by EROD (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) assay and Western immunoblotting, was attributed mainly to CYP1A1 expression in MDA-MB-468 cells but not in MCF-10A cells. Moreover, CYP1 family enzymes were shown to metabolise eupatorin in vitro to the flavone cirsiliol and two other unidentified metabolites. Metabolism of eupatorin was also detected in MDA-MB-468 cell cultures, whereas metabolism by MCF-10A cells was negligible. Eupatorin was further shown to arrest the cell cycle of the CYP1-expressing cell line MDA-MB-468 in G2/M phase, whereas no effect was observed in MCF-10A cells, which do not express CYP1 enzymes. The effect of eupatorin on the MDA-MB-468 cell cycle could be reversed by co-application of the CYP1 inhibitor acacetin. Conclusion The flavone eupatorin is selectively activated in breast cancer cells, but not in normal breast cells, due to CYP1 family metabolism. This provides a basis for selectivity which is desired against breast tumour cells. In this sense, eupatorin is shown by this study to be a very promising chemopreventative candidate that should be examined further in an in vivo study.
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Baumeister P, Reiter M, Zieger S, Matthias C, Harréus U. DNA-protektives Potential von Polyphenolen in humanen Schleimhautzellkulturen. HNO 2008; 56:795-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00106-008-1671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Castorena-Torres F, de León MB, Cisneros B, Zapata-Pérez O, Salinas JE, Albores A. Changes in gene expression induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the human cell lines HepG2 and A549. Toxicol In Vitro 2008; 22:411-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhong LP, Pan HY, Zhou XJ, Ye DX, Zhang L, Yang X, Chen WT, Zhang ZY. Characteristics of a cancerous cell line, HIOEC-B(a)P-96, induced by benzo(a)pyrene from human immortalized oral epithelial cell line. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53:443-52. [PMID: 18206853 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2007] [Revised: 12/04/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region. The mechanism of carcinogenesis of OSCC is still unclear. In vitro study on OSCC cell lines, especially derived from immortalized oral epithelial cells, is a very useful strategy to understand the mechanism of carcinogenesis. Based on our previous human immortalized oral epithelial cell (HIOEC) line, obtained from normal oral epithelial cells by transfection of HPV16 E6/E7 gene, a new cancerous cell line, HIOEC-B(a)P-96 (HB96), was established from the HIOEC by induction with benzo(a)pyrene. The characteristics of the HB96 cells such as cell morphology, ultrastructure, proliferation ability, invasion ability, and tumorigenesis were studied. The HB96 cells lost contact inhibition with uncontrolled cell division and obvious cell overlap, they were polygonal in shape and ununiform in size with increased ratio between nucleus and plasma. Increased proliferative ability and invasion ability were confirmed by the cell proliferation analysis and cell invasion assay, respectively. The tumorigenicity of well to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was confirmed in the nude mice experiments pathologically. Increased expression of HPV16 E6/E7 proteins and obvious correlation with decreased expression of p53 and Rb proteins was also confirmed by Western blotting. Thus, this HB96 cell line induced by benzo(a)pyrene from the HIOEC line is a useful tool to study the mechanism of carcinogenesis of OSCC in vitro for future genomic and proteomic analyses. It is also the first in vitro cancerous cell line of OSCC in China derived from immortalized oral epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Ping Zhong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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