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Htut NW, Onkoksoong T, Saelim M, Kueanjinda P, Sampattavanich S, Panich U. Live-cell imaging Unveils stimulus-specific dynamics of Nrf2 activation in UV-exposed melanoma cells: Implications for antioxidant compound screening. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:1-11. [PMID: 38092271 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nuclear factor e2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is pivotal in orchestrating cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms, particularly in skin cells exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and electrophilic phytochemicals. To comprehensively investigate Nrf2's role in maintaining cellular redox equilibrium following UV-induced stress, we engineered a novel Nrf2 fusion-based reporter system for real-time, live-cell quantification of Nrf2 activity in human melanoma cells. Utilizing live quantitative imaging, we dissected the kinetic profiles of Nrf2 activation in response to an array of stimuli, including UVA and UVB radiation, as well as a broad spectrum of phytochemicals including ferulic acid, gallic acid, hispidulin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, resveratrol, tannic acid, and vanillic acid as well as well-known Nrf2 inducers, tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) and sulforaphane (SFN). Intriguingly, we observed distinct dynamical patterns of Nrf2 activity contingent on the specific stimuli applied. Sustained activation of Nrf2 was empirically correlated with the increased antioxidant response element (ARE) activity. Our findings demonstrate the nuanced impact of different phenolic compounds on Nrf2 activity and the utility of our Nrf2-CTΔ16-YFP reporter in characterizing the dynamics of Nrf2 translocation in response to diverse stimuli. In summary, our innovative reporter system not only revealed compounds capable of modulating UVA-induced Nrf2 activity but also showcased its utility as a robust tool for future antioxidant compound screening efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilar Win Htut
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; University of Medicine 2, Yangon, Khaymar Thi Rd, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Tasanee Onkoksoong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Malinee Saelim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Patipark Kueanjinda
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Somponnat Sampattavanich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence (SiCORE) for Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Gavia-García G, Rosado-Pérez J, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM. The consumption of Sechium edule (chayote) has antioxidant effect and prevents telomere attrition in older adults with metabolic syndrome. Redox Rep 2023; 28:2207323. [PMID: 37140004 PMCID: PMC10165935 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2023.2207323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of the consumption of Sechium edule (1.5 g/day) for six months on oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation markers and its association with telomere length (TL) in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS The study was conducted in a sample of 48 older adults: placebo (EP) and experimental (EG) groups. Lipoperoxides, protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG, total oxidant status (TOS), SOD, GPx, H2O2 inhibition, total antioxidant status (TAS), inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL10, TNF-α), and TL were measured before and six months post-treatment. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in the levels of lipoperoxides, protein carbonylation, 8-OHdG, TOS in the EG in comparison PG. Likewise, a significante increase of TAS, IL-6, and IL-10 levels was found at six months post-treatment in EG in comparison with PG. TL showed a statistically significant decrease in PG compared to post-treatment EG. CONCLUSIONS Our findigns showed that the supplementation of Sechium edule has antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, and diminushion of shortening of telomeric DNA in older adults with MetS. This would be the first study that shows that the intervention with Sechium edule has a possible geroprotective effect by preventing telomeres from shortening as usually happens in these patients. Therefore, suggesting a protection of telomeric DNA and genomic DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Gavia-García G, Hernández-Álvarez D, Arista-Ugalde TL, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Santiago-Osorio E, Mendoza-Núñez VM, Rosado-Pérez J. The Supplementation of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (Chayote) Promotes Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Protection in Older Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:4106. [PMID: 37836390 PMCID: PMC10574595 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to determine the effect of Sechium edule var. nigrum spinosum (chayote) on gene expression related to antioxidant protection mechanisms and the inflammatory process in older adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). A quasi-experimental study was carried out in a convenience sample of 46 older adults diagnosed with MetS: (i) placebo group (PG; n = 20); (ii) experimental group (EG; n = 26). The clinical, biochemical, anthropometric parameters and SOD, GPx, and CAT enzyme activity, alongside total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), and mRNA expression of SOD, GPx, CAT, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Nrf2, NFkB p50, and NFkB p65, were measured at baseline and 6 months post-intervention. A statistically significant decrease was observed in TOS (baseline, 28.9 ± 3.6 vs. post, 23.7 ± 3.4, p < 0.01) and OSI (baseline, 24.1 ± 3.8 vs. post, 17.7 ± 4), as well as an increase in IL-6 (baseline, 10.7 ± 1.1 vs. post, 12.3 ± 2, p = 0.03), SOD activity (baseline, 167.1 ± 11.9 vs. post, 180.6 ± 7.6, p < 0.05), CAT activity (baseline, 1.0 ± 0.2 vs. post, 1.3 ± 0.2, p < 0.01), and TAS (baseline, 1.1 ± 0.1 vs. post, 1.4 ± 0.1, p < 0.01) in the EG compared to the PG. Regarding the expression of Nrf2, SOD, and IL-6, the EG showed a significant increase vs. basal levels (47%, 44%, and 43%, respectively). Our findings suggest that Sechium edule supplementation promotes the antioxidant response and decreases oxidative stress via Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gavia-García
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - David Hernández-Álvarez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (I.A.-S.); (E.S.-O.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
| | - Juana Rosado-Pérez
- Research Unit on Gerontology, FES Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico; (G.G.-G.); (D.H.-Á.); (T.L.A.-U.)
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Stress Activated MAP Kinases and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5 Mediate Nuclear Translocation of Nrf2 via Hsp90α-Pin1-Dynein Motor Transport Machinery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020274. [PMID: 36829834 PMCID: PMC9952688 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-lethal low levels of oxidative stress leads to rapid activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates the expression of genes important for detoxification, glutathione synthesis, and defense against oxidative damage. Stress-activated MAP kinases p38, ERK, and JNK cooperate in the efficient nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 in a cell-type-dependent manner. Activation of p38 induces membrane trafficking of a glutathione sensor neutral sphingomyelinase 2, which generates ceramide upon depletion of cellular glutathione. We previously proposed that caveolin-1 in lipid rafts provides a signaling hub for the phosphorylation of Nrf2 by ceramide-activated PKCζ and casein kinase 2 to stabilize Nrf2 and mask a nuclear export signal. We further propose a mechanism of facilitated Nrf2 nuclear translocation by ERK and JNK. ERK and JNK phosphorylation of Nrf2 induces the association of prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1, which specifically recognizes phosphorylated serine or threonine immediately preceding a proline residue. Pin1-induced structural changes allow importin-α5 to associate with Nrf2. Pin1 is a co-chaperone of Hsp90α and mediates the association of the Nrf2-Pin1-Hsp90α complex with the dynein motor complex, which is involved in transporting the signaling complex to the nucleus along microtubules. In addition to ERK and JNK, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 could phosphorylate Nrf2 and mediate the transport of Nrf2 to the nucleus via the Pin1-Hsp90α system. Some other ERK target proteins, such as pyruvate kinase M2 and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1, are also transported to the nucleus via the Pin1-Hsp90α system to modulate gene expression and energy metabolism. Notably, as malignant tumors often express enhanced Pin1-Hsp90α signaling pathways, this provides a potential therapeutic target for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Giovanni E. Mann
- King’s British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Fanaei H, Mard SA, Sarkaki A, Goudarzi G, Khorsandi L. Gallic acid protects the liver against NAFLD induced by dust exposure and high-fat diet through inhibiting oxidative stress and repressing the inflammatory signaling pathways NF-kβ/TNF-α/IL-6 in Wistar rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 11:527-540. [PMID: 34745924 PMCID: PMC8554286 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2021.17835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The burden of diseases and death related to environmental pollution is becoming a major public health challenge. This study was designed to evaluate the deleterious effects of a combination of dust exposure and high-fat diet on liver function. Gallic acid as a potent antioxidant was used to prevent/alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats exposed to dust and HFD. Materials and Methods: 24 rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: HFD+Clean air, HFD+N/S+Dust and HFD+gallic acid+Dust. Animals were exposed to CA/ dust for six weeks on alternate days. At the end of the experiments, rats were anesthetized and samples were taken to perform molecular, biomedical, and histopathological evaluations. Results: Dust exposure induced NAFLD features in rats under HFD. Dust exposure and HFD disrupted liver enzymes and lipid profile. Dust exposure and HFD increased liver MDA level, mRNA expression of NF-Kβ, TNF-α, IL-6, Nrf2, HO1 and miRs122, and 34a. Dust+HFD also decreased liver total antioxidant capacity level. Pretreatment with GA improved almost studied variables in the HFD+GA+Dust group. Conclusion: The present study showed that HFD given for 6 weeks and dust exposure induced NAFLD in Wistar rats through inducing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress through activating the inflammatory pathways caused NAFLD features. GA pretreatment by inhibiting oxidative stress, effectively protected liver functions against HFD+Dust induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafseh Fanaei
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Ali Mard
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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6
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Fallahi S, Rajaei M, Hesam MJ, Koolivand M, Malekzadeh K. The effect of Phoenix dactylifera pollen on the expression of NRF2, SOD2, CAT, and GPX4 genes, and sperm parameters of fertile and infertile men: A controlled clinical trial. Int J Reprod Biomed 2021; 19:545-558. [PMID: 34401649 PMCID: PMC8350849 DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v19i6.9376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is caused by the imbalance occurring between the creation and clearance of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is responsible for 30-40% of male infertility. The positive impact of phoenix dactylifera pollen (Date palm pollen, DPP) on the improvement of sperm parameters has been well documented in animal models. OBJECTIVE For evaluating the effect(s) of DPP on sperm parameters, ROS levels, expression of antioxidant genes, and activity of antioxidant enzymes of infertile men. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this controlled clinical trial, a total of 60 male case with infertility and 20 normospermic fertile men were recruited. Before and after the treatment with DPP, the case were administered 400 mg/kg of gelatinous capsules daily for 30 consecutive days and semen samples were taken. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was applied for the evaluation of the mRNA expression levels of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2), superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and catalase (CAT) genes. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of NRF2, SOD2, GPX4, and CAT (p < 0.05 for all) and significantly increased after treatment with DPP. The increased expressions of all antioxidant genes and enzymes significantly correlated with improvement in semen parameters including count (p = 0.01), motility (p = 0.05), and morphology (p = 0.01) of sperm. A significant correlation between the alteration of SOD2 gene expression and SOD activity, GPX4 and GPX, and CAT were also observed (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION DPP can increase the expressions of NRF2, GPX4, SOD2, and CAT genes and also improve the semen quality in infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Fallahi
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Minoo Rajaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Koolivand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Kianoosh Malekzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Dong Z, Bian L, Wang YL, Sun LM. Gastrodin protects against high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity via GSK-3β-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1584-1597. [PMID: 33764184 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211002885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the major complications of diabetes that causes mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients. Gastrodin (GSTD) is a bioactive phenolic glucoside component of an ancient Chinese herb Tianma (Gastrodia elata Bl.), which is widely used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases by ancient Chinese. Up to now, whether GSTD has a beneficial effect on DCM is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of GSTD on high glucose-induced injury in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes and HL-1 mouse cardiomyocytes, and its underlying mechanisms. High glucose (33 mM) treatment caused cardiomyocyte toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in both H9c2 and HL-1 cells. Under both normal (5.5 mM glucose) and high glucose conditions, GSTD showed protective effect against high glucose-induced cytotoxicity and promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in a concentration and time-dependent manner in H9c2 and HL-1 cells. Knockdown of Nrf2 expression using siRNA specifically targeting Nrf2 attenuated the protective effect of GSTD. Furthermore, GSTD promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 via activating glycogen synthase kinse-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway. 4-benzyl, 2-methyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolidine, 3, 5 dione (TDZD-8), an inhibitor of GSK-3β, inhibited the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 induced by GSTD, and attenuated the protective effect of GSTD as Nrf2 knockdown did. In summary, GSTD could protect against high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity via GSK-3β-mediated nuclear translocation of Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Dong
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - L Bian
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-L Wang
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - L-M Sun
- Department of Vasculocardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Ramkumar K, Madhunapantula S, Bovilla V, Anantharaju P, Dornadula S, Veeresh P, Kuruburu M, Bettada V. Caffeic acid and protocatechuic acid modulate Nrf2 and inhibit Ehrlich ascites carcinomas in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.314045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abdalla MA, Zidorn C. The genus Tragopogon (Asteraceae): A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112466. [PMID: 31837413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of Tragopogon are used in traditional medicine, and consumed as vegetables across the world. In terms of the medicinal uses of Tragopogon, different species have found use in traditional medicine, including uses for wound-healing, treatment of gastrointestinal and hepatic complaints, cancer, kidney and liver dysfunction, inflamed skin and certain cutaneous diseases, as well as constipation, fatigue and anoxia. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to highlight and critically summarize those species of the genus that have been studied as a source of interesting lead compounds, and their traditional uses and bioactivities. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive and systematic review of literature on traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of the genus Tragopogon was carried out. Information was retrieved from secondary databases such as Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Services (Scifinder), Pubmed, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, in addition to primary sources including books, PhD and MSc dissertations, and official websites. Species names were validated using "The Plant List" (www.theplantlist.org). RESULTS The taxa of the genus Tragopogon are known for their local and traditional uses as medicine for treatment of various diseases, and have been consumed as vegetables and snacks for generations in Eurasia, the Mediterranean, Caucasus, Europe and North America. From the approximately 110 species of Tragopogon, only twelve species have been scientifically evaluated for their bioactivity and/or phytochemical composition. Tragopogon species are a rich source of phytochemical constituents and among those that have been identified are 19 flavonoids, 35 terpenoids, seven bibenzyl derivatives, five benzylphtalides, six stilbenes, nine dihydroisocoumarin derivatives, nine phenylmethane derivatives, three hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, four phenylpropane derivatives, four esters of phenylpropanoic acids, a coumarin derivative, and a spermine derivative. Various extracts of the taxa, in addition to the isolated compounds, demonstrated pharmacological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and enzyme inhibitory activities, in addition to hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidaemic and wound-healing properties. CONCLUSION This review highlights the traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of the few studied taxa of the genus Tragopogon. Some of the reviewed papers were not of an appropriate methodological standard. For instance, phytochemical profiles were not determined, and the fundamental requirements of the pharmacological properties were not defined such as including appropriate positive and negative controls, and calculating the MIC values. Furthermore, these studies did not provide an in depth evaluation of bioactivity of the extracts and the isolated compounds or in vivo experiments which could indicate therapeutic relevance. From a phytopharmacological point of view, this review recommends more high quality evidence-based research on Tragopogon species for further development of plant-derived remedies and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Ali Abdalla
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Yang JH, Na CS, Cho SS, Kim KM, Lee JH, Chen XQ, Ku SK, Cho IJ, Kim EJ, Lee JH, Ki SH. Hepatoprotective Effect of Neoagarooligosaccharide via Activation of Nrf2 and Enhanced Antioxidant Efficacy. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:619-628. [PMID: 32009027 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neoagarooligosaccharides (NAOS) are generated by β-agarases, which cleave the β-1,4 linkage in agarose. Previously, we reported that NAOS inhibited fat accumulation in the liver and decreased serum cholesterol levels. However, the hepatoprotective effect of NAOS on acute liver injury has not yet been investigated. Thus, we examined whether NAOS could activate nuclear factor (NF)-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) and upregulates its target gene, and has hepatoprotective effect in vivo. In hepatocytes, phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation of Nrf2 are increased by treatment with NAOS, in a manner dependent on p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Consistently, NAOS augmented ARE reporter gene activity and the antioxidant protein levels, resulting in increased intracellular glutathione levels. NAOS antagonized tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Moreover, NAOS inhibited acetaminophen (APAP)-induced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and significantly decreased hepatocyte degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration. Moreover, ROS production and glutathione depletion by APAP were reversed by NAOS. APAP-mediated apoptotic signaling pathways were also inhibited in NAOS-treated mice. Upregulalted hepatic expression of genes related to inflammation by APAP were consistently diminished by NAOS. Collectively, our results demonstrate that NAOS exhibited a hepatoprotective effect against APAP-mediated acute liver damage through its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University.,College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University
| | | | | | | | - Xi-Qiang Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University.,Lab of Drug Screening, Biology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University
| | - Il Je Cho
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University
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11
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Paramasivan P, Kankia IH, Langdon SP, Deeni YY. Emerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:490-515. [PMID: 35582567 PMCID: PMC8992506 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor, is a master regulator of an array of genes related to oxidative and electrophilic stress that promote and maintain redox homeostasis. NRF2 function is well studied in in vitro, animal and general physiology models. However, emerging data has uncovered novel functionality of this transcription factor in human diseases such as cancer, autism, anxiety disorders and diabetes. A key finding in these emerging roles has been its constitutive upregulation in multiple cancers promoting pro-survival phenotypes. The survivability pathways in these studies were mostly explained by classical NRF2 activation involving KEAP-1 relief and transcriptional induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralizing and cytoprotective drug-metabolizing enzymes (phase I, II, III and 0). Further, NRF2 status and activation is associated with lowered cancer therapeutic efficacy and the eventual emergence of therapeutic resistance. Interestingly, we and others have provided further evidence of direct NRF2 regulation of anticancer drug targets like receptor tyrosine kinases and DNA damage and repair proteins and kinases with implications for therapy outcome. This novel finding demonstrates a renewed role of NRF2 as a key modulatory factor informing anticancer therapeutic outcomes, which extends beyond its described classical role as a ROS regulator. This review will provide a knowledge base for these emerging roles of NRF2 in anticancer therapies involving feedback and feed forward models and will consolidate and present such findings in a systematic manner. This places NRF2 as a key determinant of action, effectiveness and resistance to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Paramasivan
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim H. Kankia
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina PMB 2218, Nigeria
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf Y. Deeni
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Correspondence Address: Prof. Yusuf Y Deeni, Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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12
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Zhao P, Alam MB, Lee SH. Protection of UVB-Induced Photoaging by Fuzhuan-Brick Tea Aqueous Extract via MAPKs/ Nrf2-Mediated Down-Regulation of MMP-1. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010060. [PMID: 30597920 PMCID: PMC6357030 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation is viewed as the principal inducer of skin photo-aging, associated with acceleration of collagen degradation and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The ethnic groups of southern/western China use Fuzhuan brick-tea (FBT) as a beverage and as a nutritional supplement. In this study, we scrutinized the antagonistic effects of aqueous extract of Fuzhuan-brick tea (FBTA) on skin photo-aging in UVB-exposed human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. FBTA exhibited strong antioxidant activity and quenched UVB-induced generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) without showing any toxicity. FBTA was capable of combating oxidative stress by augmenting messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of both phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), by upregulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated pathway in HaCaT cells via the phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). FBTA also downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) while upregulating type I procollagen by modulating Nrf2 signaling in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Collectively, our results show that FBTA might be useful as a functional food while being a good candidate in the development of cosmetic products and medicines for the remedy of UVB-induced skin photo-aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Md Badrul Alam
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Sang-Han Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, Inner Beauty/Antiaging Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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13
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Zhang H, Yuan B, Huang H, Qu S, Yang S, Zeng Z. Gastrodin induced HO-1 and Nrf2 up-regulation to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells through p38 MAPK phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e7439. [PMID: 30156611 PMCID: PMC6110350 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been implicated in several detoxifying and antioxidant defense processes. Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was demonstrated to play a key role against oxidative stress. Gastrodin (GSTD) is a well-known active compound isolated from the roots of Rhizoma gastrodiae, a plant used in ancient Chinese traditional medicine. The aim of this work was to investigate whether GSTD could alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). In LSECs exposed to 1 mM H2O2, treatment with GSTD (1, 10, or 50 µM) resulted in higher cell viability than the untreated control. Treated cells maintained a higher Bcl2/Bax ratio and suppressed caspase-9 expression compared with untreated cells, reducing cell apoptosis. GSTD was protective for H2O2-induced oxidative injury by reducing the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde. HO-1 and Nrf2 expressions were synergistically upregulated by GSTD. Inhibition of HO-1 by 10 µM zinc protoporphyrin resulted in less protective effects on cell viability and malondialdehyde reduction by GSTD treatment in H2O2-exposed LSECs. Additionally, phosphorylated p38 in LSECs exposed to H2O2 was elevated by GSTD. Inhibition of p38 phosphorylation by SB203580 did not induce Nrf2 and HO-1 expression after 1 or 10 µM GSTD treatment and the protective effect on cell viability and malondialdehyde reduction in H2O2-exposed LSECs was reduced. The data conclusively demonstrated that GSTD-induced HO-1 and Nrf2 expression is involved in protection of LSECs from H2O2-induced oxidative injury, which may be regulated by p38 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhang
- Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanfei Huang
- Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Siming Qu
- Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shikun Yang
- Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhong Zeng
- Centre of Organ and Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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14
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Liu Y, Cheng Y, Li J, Wang Y, Liu Y. Epoxy Stearic Acid, an Oxidative Product Derived from Oleic Acid, Induces Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5237-5246. [PMID: 29730927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, effects of cis-9,10-epoxy stearic acid (ESA) generated by the thermal oxidation of oleic acid on HepG2 cells, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, were investigated. Our results revealed that ESA decreased the cell viability and induced cell death. Cell cycle analysis with propidium iodide staining showed that ESA induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in HepG2 cells. Cell apoptosis analysis with annexin V and propidium iodide staining demonstrated that ESA induced HepG2 cell apoptotic events in a dose- and time-dependent manner; the apoptosis of cells after treated with 500 μM ESA for 12, 24, and 48 h was 32.16, 38.70, and 65.80%, respectively. Furthermore, ESA treatment to HepG2 cells resulted in an increase in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (from 0.84 ± 0.02 to 8.90 ± 0.50 nmol/mg of protein) levels and a reduction in antioxidant enzyme activity, including superoxide dismutase (from 1.34 ± 0.27 to 0.10 ± 0.007 units/mg of protein), catalase (from 100.04 ± 5.05 to 20.09 ± 3.00 units/mg of protein), and glutathione peroxidase (from 120.44 ± 7.62 to 35.84 ± 5.99 milliunits/mg of protein). These findings provide critical information on the effects of ESA on HepG2 cells, particularly cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, which is important for the evaluation of the biosafety of the oxidative product of oleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanpeng Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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15
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Mohib M, Afnan K, Paran TZ, Khan S, Sarker J, Hasan N, Hasan I, Sagor AT. Beneficial Role of Citrus Fruit Polyphenols Against Hepatic Dysfunctions: A Review. J Diet Suppl 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2017.1330301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohabbulla Mohib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kazi Afnan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tasfiq Zaman Paran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salma Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Juthika Sarker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahid Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istiaque Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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16
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Yakaew S, Itsarasook K, Ngoenkam J, Jessadayannamaetha A, Viyoch J, Ungsurungsie M. Ethanol extract of Terminalia chebula fruit protects against UVB-induced skin damage. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2701-2707. [PMID: 27222341 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1179768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) has been used for several therapeutic purposes in Thai folk medicines. Currently, the ethanol extracts containing antioxidant compounds have shown the ability to promote collagen synthesis. OBJECTIVE This purpose of this work was to study the effects of the ethanol extract from T. chebula fruit on the inhibition of cutaneous photodamage. MATERIALS AND METHODS The viability of human skin fibroblasts after incubation with T. chebula at concentration 0.5-50 μg/mL for 24, 48 and 72 h was assessed by using sodium 3'-[(phenyl-amino)-carbonyl]-3,4,tetrazolium-bis(4-methoxy-6-notro)benzene-sulphonic acid hydrate (XTT). The levels of type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 produced by UVB-irradiated fibroblasts were determined by ELISA. Skin thickness and collagen content caused by long-term UVB irradiation in male ICR mice were determined from haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue sections and spectrophotometric measurement of hydroxyproline. RESULTS The extract (0.5-50 μg/mL) had no effect on cell viability or morphology of the human fibroblasts. In vitro studies showed that the T. chebula extract reduced the UVB-induced MMP-1 and MMP-13 expression, whereas an increased production of type I procollagen was observed. In a UVB-irradiated animal model, male ICR mice with hair shaved were chronically exposed to UVB which lead to epidermal thickness and loss of hydroxyproline. However, these effects were fully prevented by the topical application of the T. chebula ethanol extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These data suggested that the T. chebula ethanol fruit extract is an efficacious pharmaceutical protectant of skin against photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swanya Yakaew
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Khwunjit Itsarasook
- b Department of Cosmetic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology , Suan Dusit Rajabhat University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Ngoenkam
- c Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Arum Jessadayannamaetha
- d Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry , Naresuan University , Phitsanulok , Thailand
| | - Malyn Ungsurungsie
- e Research & Development Division , S & J International Enterprises Public Company Limited , Bangkok , Thailand
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17
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Kumar ADN, Bevara GB, Kaja LK, Badana AK, Malla RR. Protective effect of 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol from Semecarpus anacardium against H 2O 2 induced cytotoxicity in lung and liver cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:376. [PMID: 27680742 PMCID: PMC5041319 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide is continuously generated in living cells through metabolic pathways and serves as a source of reactive oxygen species. Beyond the threshold level, it damages cells and causes several human disorders, including cancer. METHODS Effect of isolated 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol on H2O2 induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation, plasma membrane damage, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA damage was evaluated in normal liver and lung cells. The RT-PCR analysis used to determine Nrf 2 gene expression. Calorimetric ELISA was used to determine Nrf2 and p-38 levels. Expression of SOD and catalase was analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The present study isolated 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol from the stem bark. They protected normal lung and liver cells from H2O2 induced cytotoxicity, ROS formation, membrane damage and DNA damage. Pre-treatment with 3-O-methyl quercetin and kaempferol caused translocation of Nrf2 from cytosol to nucleus. It also increased expression of p-p38, Nrf2, SOD and catalase in H2O2 treated lung and liver cells. CONCLUSION The flavonoids isolated from S. anacardium significantly reduced H2O2 induced stress and increased expression of Nrf2, catalase and superoxide dismutase-2 indicating cytoprotective nature of 3-O-methylquercetin and kaempferol.
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18
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Suiko M, Kurogi K, Hashiguchi T, Sakakibara Y, Liu MC. Updated perspectives on the cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) and SULT-mediated sulfation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:63-72. [PMID: 27649811 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1222266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are Phase II detoxifying enzymes that mediate the sulfate conjugation of numerous xenobiotic molecules. While the research on the SULTs has lagged behind the research on Phase I cytochrome P-450 enzymes and other Phase II conjugating enzymes, it has gained more momentum in recent years. This review aims to summarize information obtained in several fronts of the research on the SULTs, including the range of the SULTs in different life forms, concerted actions of the SULTs and other Phase II enzymes, insights into the structure-function relationships of the SULTs, regulation of SULT expression and activity, developmental expression of SULTs, as well as the use of a zebrafish model for studying the developmental pharmacology/toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Suiko
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan.,b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo , OH , USA
| | - Takuyu Hashiguchi
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- a Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences , University of Miyazaki , Miyazaki , Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- b Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toledo Health Science Campus , Toledo , OH , USA
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19
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Truong VL, Bak MJ, Jun M, Kong ANT, Ho CT, Jeong WS. Antioxidant defense and hepatoprotection by procyanidins from almond (Prunus amygdalus) skins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8668-8678. [PMID: 25119859 DOI: 10.1021/jf5027247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Procyanidins, polymeric flavan-3-ols, are known to possess antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and anticarcinogenic properties. In the present study, we investigated the role of almond (Prunus amygdalus) skin procyanidins (ASP) in regulating the protein expression of phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells and acetaminophen (APAP)-treated hepatotoxic mice. Treatments of ASP significantly induced the expression of phase II enzymes including NAD(P)H quinoneoxidoreductase 1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in the cells and mice. ASP also potently enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and antioxidant response element (ARE)-reporter gene activity in vitro. APAP-induced hepatotoxic markers including AST and ALT in mice were inhibited by ASP administration. However, regulation of upstream kinases by ASP was different between in vitro and in vivo models. Collectively, ASP could induce the activation of Nrf2/ARE-mediated phase II detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes but with differential regulation on upstream kinases between in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Long Truong
- Department of Smart Foods and Drugs, Department of Food and Life Sciences, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inje University , Gimhae 621-749, Korea
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20
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Navarro M, Amigo-Benavent M, Mesias M, Baeza G, Gökmen V, Bravo L, Morales FJ. An aqueous pomegranate seed extract ameliorates oxidative stress of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1622-1627. [PMID: 24301730 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aqueous pomegranate seed extract (PSE), a by-product of the pomegranate juice industry, was recently identified as a potential antiglycative ingredient. Ellagic acid was proposed as the major polyphenol responsible for the antiglycative activity as exerted in in vitro models. However, there is no information on safety aspects of this extract in biological systems before its application as ingredient. The cytotoxicity of PSE (1-100 µg mL(-1) ) was evaluated by determining its effect on cell viability and redox status of cultured HepG2 cells. The protective effect of the PSE against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BOOH) was also investigated. RESULTS No changes in cell integrity or intrinsic antioxidant status resulted from a direct treatment with aqueous PSE, even at high dosage. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by t-BOOH were reduced by 21% when cells were pretreated with 100 µg mL(-1) of aqueous PSE at 180 min. The range of concentrations investigated was effective in decreasing the ROS formation but not in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Aqueous pomegranate seed extract enhances human hepatoma cells integrity and resistance to cope with a stressful situation at concentration up to 100 µg mL(-1) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navarro
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC, E-28040, Madrid, Spain
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Kiruthiga PV, Karthikeyan K, Archunan G, Pandian SK, Devi KP. Silymarin prevents benzo(a)pyrene-induced toxicity in Wistar rats by modulating xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:523-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233713475524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), which is commonly used as an indicator species for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination, has a large number of hazardous consequences on human health. In the presence of the enzyme cytochrome-P-450 1A1 (CYP1A1), it undergoes metabolic activation to form reactive intermediates that are capable of inducing mutagenic, cytotoxic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects in various species and tissues. Research within the last few years has shown that flavonoids exhibit chemopreventive effect against these toxins. In the present study, the protective effect of silymarin (a flavonoid) against B(a)P-induced toxicity was monitored in Wistar rats by evaluating the levels of hepatic phase I (CYP1A1), phase II enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, epoxide hydroxylases, uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferases, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, sulfotransferases), cellular antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase and total glutathione. The results reveal that silymarin possesses substantial protective effect against B(a)P-induced damages by inhibiting phase I detoxification enzyme CYP1A1 and modulating phase II conjugating enzymes, which were confirmed by histopathological analysis. Overall, the inhibition of CYP1A1 and the modulation of phase II enzymes may provide, in part, the molecular basis for the effect of silymarin against B(a)P.
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Affiliation(s)
- PV Kiruthiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Karthikeyan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Archunan
- Centre for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Vrba J, Gažák R, Kuzma M, Papoušková B, Vacek J, Weiszenstein M, Křen V, Ulrichová J. A Novel Semisynthetic Flavonoid 7-O-Galloyltaxifolin Upregulates Heme Oxygenase-1 in RAW264.7 Cells via MAPK/Nrf2 Pathway. J Med Chem 2013; 56:856-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3013344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Vrba
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Gažák
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papoušková
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies
and Materials, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17 listopadu 12, Olomouc
77146, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Weiszenstein
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská
1083, Prague 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Ulrichová
- Department of Medical Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská
3, Olomouc 77515, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational
Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, Olomouc
77515, Czech Republic
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23
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Lee BH, Hsu WH, Chang YY, Kuo HF, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Ankaflavin: a natural novel PPARγ agonist upregulates Nrf2 to attenuate methylglyoxal-induced diabetes in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2008-16. [PMID: 23022408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ankaflavin (AK) is an active compound having anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiatherosclerotic, and hypolipidemic effects. We have previously reported that AK acts as an antioxidant and antidiabetic drug; however, the mechanism by which AK prevents diabetes remains unknown. Hyperglycemia is associated with protein glycation, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Methylglyoxal (MG)-a metabolite of carbohydrates-is believed to cause insulin resistance by inducing inflammation and pancreas damage. In this work, diabetes was induced in Wistar rats (4 weeks of age) by treating them with MG (600 mg/kg bw) for 4 weeks. We observed that AK (10mg/kg bw) exerted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity (as indicated by hepatic GLUT2 translocation, PTP1B suppression, and glucose uptake) by downregulating blood glucose and upregulating pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 and Maf-A expression and increasing insulin production in MG-induced rats. However, these effects were abolished by the administration of GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist), but the expression of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) was not suppressed in MG-induced rats. Therefore, the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation was investigated. AK did not affect hepatic Nrf2 mRNA or protein expression but significantly increased Nrf2 phosphorylation (serine 40), which was accompanied by increased transcriptional activation of hepatic HO-1 and GCL. These data indicated that AK protected rats from oxidative stress resulting from MG-induced insulin resistance. In contrast, these effects were not detected when the rats were treated with the antidiabetic drug rosiglitazone (10mg/kg bw). Moreover, we found that AK did not inhibit the generation of AGEs in vitro; however, the glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and pancreas of MG-induced rats were elevated in rats administered AK. Therefore, we believe that GSH may lower the MG level, which attenuates the formation of AGEs in the serum, kidney, liver, and pancreas of MG-induced rats. We also found that AK treatment reduced the production of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Taken together, the results of our mechanistic study of MG-induced rats suggest that the protective effects of AK against diabetes are mediated by the upregulation of the signaling pathway of Nrf2, which enhances antioxidant activity and serves as a PPARγ agonist to enhance insulin sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Anilides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Blood Glucose
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Flavins/pharmacology
- Flavins/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/physiopathology
- Male
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/physiopathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Pyruvaldehyde
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Granado-Serrano AB, Martín MA, Bravo L, Goya L, Ramos S. Quercetin modulates Nrf2 and glutathione-related defenses in HepG2 cells: Involvement of p38. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 195:154-64. [PMID: 22197970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary flavonoid quercetin has been suggested as a cancer chemopreventive agent, but the mechanisms of action remain unclear. This study investigated the influence of quercetin on p38-MAPK and the potential regulation of the nuclear transcription factor erythroid-2p45-related factor (Nrf2) and the cellular antioxidant/detoxifying defense system related to glutathione (GSH) by p38 in HepG2 cells. Incubation of HepG2 cells with quercetin at a range of concentrations (5-50μM) for 4 or 18h induced a differential effect on the modulation of p38 and Nrf2 in HepG2 cells, 50μM quercetin showed the highest activation of p38 at 4h of treatment and values of p38 similar to those of control cells after 18 h of incubation, together with the inhibition of Nrf2 at both incubation times. Quercetin (50μM) induced a time-dependent activation of p38, which was in concert with a transient stimulation of Nrf2 to provoke its inhibition afterward. Quercetin also increased GSH content, mRNA levels of glutamylcysteine-synthetase (GCS) and expression and/or activity of glutathione-peroxidase, glutathione-reductase and GCS after 4h of incubation, and glutathione-S-transferase after 18h of exposure. Further studies with the p38 specific inhibitor SB203580 showed that the p38 blockage restored the inhibited Nrf2 transcription factor and the enzymatic expression and activity of antioxidant/detoxificant enzymes after 4h exposure. In conclusion, p38-MAPK is involved in the mechanisms of the cell response to quercetin through the modulation of Nrf2 and glutathione-related enzymes in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Granado-Serrano
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition-ICTAN (Former Instituto del Frío), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Yang YC, Lii CK, Lin AH, Yeh YW, Yao HT, Li CC, Liu KL, Chen HW. Induction of glutathione synthesis and heme oxygenase 1 by the flavonoids butein and phloretin is mediated through the ERK/Nrf2 pathway and protects against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:2073-81. [PMID: 21964506 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Butein and phloretin are chalcones that are members of the flavonoid family of polyphenols. Flavonoids have well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In rat primary hepatocytes, we examined whether butein and phloretin affect tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced oxidative damage and the possible mechanism(s) involved. Treatment with butein and phloretin markedly attenuated tBHP-induced peroxide formation, and this amelioration was reversed by l-buthionine-S-sulfoximine [a glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) inhibitor] and zinc protoporphyrin [a heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) inhibitor]. Butein and phloretin induced both HO-1 and GCL protein and mRNA expression and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and total GSH content. Butein treatment activated the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2 nuclear protein-DNA binding activity, and ARE-luciferase reporter activity. The roles of the ERK signaling pathway and Nrf2 in butein-induced HO-1 and GCL catalytic subunit (GCLC) expression were determined by using RNA interference directed against ERK2 and Nrf2. Both siERK2 and siNrf2 abolished butein-induced HO-1 and GCLC protein expression. These results suggest the involvement of ERK2 and Nrf2 in the induction of HO-1 and GCLC by butein. In an animal study, phloretin was shown to increase GSH content and HO-1 expression in rat liver and decrease carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that butein and phloretin up-regulate HO-1 and GCL expression through the ERK2/Nrf2 pathway and protect hepatocytes against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chen Yang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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26
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Kucekova Z, Mlcek J, Humpolicek P, Rop O, Valasek P, Saha P. Phenolic compounds from Allium schoenoprasum, Tragopogon pratensis and Rumex acetosa and their antiproliferative effects. Molecules 2011; 16:9207-17. [PMID: 22051932 PMCID: PMC6264378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies have shown that phenolic compounds have antiproliferative and tumour arresting effects. The aim of this original study was to investigate the content of phenolic compounds (PhC) in flowers of Allium schoenoprasum (chive), Tragopogon pratensis (meadow salsify) and Rumex acetosa (common sorrel) and their effect on proliferation of HaCaT cells. Antiproliferative effects were evaluated in vitro using the following concentrations of phenolic compounds in cultivation medium: 100, 75, 50 and 25 µg/mL. Phenolic composition was also determined by HPLC. The results indicate that even low concentrations of these flowers' phenolic compounds inhibited cell proliferation significantly and the possible use of the studied herb's flowers as sources of active phenolic compounds for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenka Kucekova
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, 762 72, Zlin, Czech Republic; (Z.K.)
| | - Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Petr Humpolicek
- Polymer Centre, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, 762 72, Zlin, Czech Republic; (Z.K.)
- Centre for Polymer Systems, Polymer Centre, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 5555, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Otakar Rop
- Department of Food Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 275, 762 72 Zlin, Czech Republic; (J.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Pavel Valasek
- Centre for Polymer Systems, Polymer Centre, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 5555, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Petr Saha
- Centre for Polymer Systems, Polymer Centre, Tomas Bata University at Zlin, T.G.M. sq. 5555, 760 05 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.V.); (P.S.)
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Das SK, Sharma NK, Hasstedt SJ, Mondal AK, Ma L, Langberg KA, Elbein SC. An integrative genomics approach identifies activation of thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase-1-mediated oxidative stress defense pathway and inhibition of angiogenesis in obese nondiabetic human subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1308-13. [PMID: 21593104 PMCID: PMC3146788 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is a complex disease that involves both genetic and environmental perturbations to gene networks in adipose tissue and is proposed as a trigger for metabolic sequelae. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that expression of adipose tissue transcripts in gene networks for adaptive response would correlate with the percent fat mass (PFAT) in healthy nondiabetic subjects to maintain metabolic equilibrium and would overlap with genes modulated in response to elevated fatty acid. DESIGN, SETTINGS, AND PATIENTS Genome-wide transcript profiles were determined in sc adipose tissue of 136 nondiabetics and in palmitate-induced cells. Genotype information and gene expression data in nondiabetic subjects were integrated to characterize the function of 41 obesity-associated polymorphisms. RESULTS Genes involved in inflammation-immune response, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell-extracellular matrix interactions were significantly correlated with PFAT. The NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2)-mediated oxidative stress response pathway was strongly enriched among genes correlated with PFAT in adipose and also emerged as the most enriched pathway among genes differentially expressed by palmitate in vitro. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) was the most strongly correlated gene (ρ = 0.65). Genes coregulated with TXNRD1 expression indicated a significant interaction network of genes involved in thioredoxin-mediated oxidative stress defense mechanisms and angiogenesis. Pro- and antiangiogenic factors were negatively and positively correlated, respectively, with obesity. Eight obesity genome-wide association study single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were associated with expression of 10 local transcripts. SNP rs6861681 was the strongest cis-eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) for CPEB4 (P = 3.02 × 10⁻⁹). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a novel interaction of up-regulated TXN-TXNRD1 system-mediated oxidative stress defense mechanisms and down-regulated angiogenesis pathways as an adaptive response in obese nondiabetic subjects. A subset of obesity-associated SNP regulated expression of transcripts as cis-eQTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapan K Das
- Section on Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA.
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Apoptotic Cell Death and Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Human Colon Cancer Cells by an Active Fraction (HS7) from Taiwanofungus camphoratus. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:750230. [PMID: 21423639 PMCID: PMC3057579 DOI: 10.1155/2011/750230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays an important role in the development of colon cancer. HS7 is an active fraction extracted from Taiwanofungus camphoratus, which had been widely used as complementary medicine for Taiwan cancer patients in the past decades. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of HS7 on the growth inhibition, apoptosis induction, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling suppression in human colon cancer cells. HS7 significantly inhibited proliferation of HT29, HCT116, and SW480 colon cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The apoptosis induction was evidenced by DNA fragmentation and subG1 accumulation, which was associated with increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. By using Tcf-dependent luciferase activity assay, HS7 was found to inhibit the β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional activities. In addition, HS7 strongly suppressed the binding of Tcf complexes to its DNA-binding site shown in electrophoretic mobility shift assay. This inhibition was further confirmed by the decreased protein levels of Tcf-4 and β-catenin. The β-catenin/Tcf downstream target genes, such as survivin, c-myc, cyclin D1, MMP7, and MT1-MMP involved in apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis were also diminished as well. These results indicate that Taiwanofungus camphoratus may provide a benefit as integrative medicine for the treatment of colon cancer.
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29
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Itoh K, Mimura J, Yamamoto M. Discovery of the negative regulator of Nrf2, Keap1: a historical overview. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:1665-78. [PMID: 20446768 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An antioxidant response element (ARE) or an electrophile responsive element (EpRE) regulate the transcriptional induction of a battery of drug-detoxifying enzymes that are protective against electrophiles. Based on the high similarity of the ARE consensus sequence to an erythroid gene regulatory element NF-E2 binding site, we have found that the transcription factor Nrf2 is indispensable for the ARE-mediated induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Recent genome-wide analysis demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates hundreds of genes that are involved in the cytoprotective response against oxidative stress. In-depth analysis of Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms has led us to the discovery of a novel protein, which we have named Keap1. Keap1 suppresses Nrf2 activity by specifically binding to its evolutionarily conserved N-terminal Neh2 regulatory domain. In this review article, we summarize the findings and observations that have lead to the discovery of the Nrf2-Keap1 system. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the function of the Nrf2-Keap1 system under the regulation of the endogenous electrophilic compound 15-deoxy-Δ¹²(,)¹⁴-prostaglandin J₂. We propose that Nrf2-Keap1 plays a significant physiological role in the response to endogenous, environmental, and pharmacological electrophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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30
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Chandru H, Chen G. Human Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase 2A1 is Down Regulated by Nitric Oxide in Human Hep G2 Cells. INT J PHARMACOL 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2010.631.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Nakajima Y, Nishida H, Nakamura Y, Konishi T. Prevention of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells by 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone isolated from Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat). Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:1154-61. [PMID: 19647072 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chaga (Inonotus obliquus (persoon) Pilat) is a mushroom traditionally used as a folk medicine for tumors and stomach ulcers in Russia. Previously, we reported the antioxidant potential of Chaga extracts and seven isolated phenolic ingredients. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of Chaga extracts and other isolated phenolic ingredients against H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress and subsequent damage of cellular and nuclear components. Chaga extracts and the phenolic ingredients, 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone (DBL) and caffeic acid (CA), effectively suppressed intracellular ROS level in H(2)O(2)-treated cells. The H(2)O(2)-induced cell death was more pronounced, effectively prevented in the cells treated with DBL than in cells treated with CA. In addition, ROS activate various signal transduction pathways including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. Therefore, we examined the potentially beneficial effects of DBL on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-MAPK signaling activated by H(2)O(2) stimulation. DBL selectively inhibited the phosphorylation of p38-MAPK, without affecting JNK and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakajima
- Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Science, Higashijima, Akiha-ku, Niigata 956-8603, Japan
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32
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Sun Z, Huang Z, Zhang DD. Phosphorylation of Nrf2 at multiple sites by MAP kinases has a limited contribution in modulating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6588. [PMID: 19668370 PMCID: PMC2719090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The bZIP transcription factor Nrf2 has emerged as a pivotal regulator of intracellular redox homeostasis by controlling the expression of many endogenous antioxidants and phase II detoxification enzymes. Upon oxidative stress, Nrf2 is induced at protein levels through redox-sensitive modifications on cysteine residues of Keap1, a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Nrf2 for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have previously been proposed to regulate Nrf2 in response to oxidative stress. However, the exact role of MAPKs and the underlying molecular mechanism remain poorly defined. Here we report the first evidence that Nrf2 is phosphorylated in vivo by MAPKs. We have identified multiple serine/threonine residues as major targets of MAPK-mediated phosphorylation. Combined alanine substitution on those residues leads to a moderate decrease in the transcriptional activity of Nrf2, most likely due to a slight reduction in its nuclear accumulation. More importantly, Nrf2 protein stability, primarily controlled by Keap1, is not altered by Nrf2 phosphorylation in vivo. These data indicate that direct phosphorylation of Nrf2 by MAPKs has limited contribution in modulating Nrf2 activity. We suggest that MAPKs regulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway mainly through indirect mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Zheping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Simmons SO, Fan CY, Ramabhadran R. Cellular stress response pathway system as a sentinel ensemble in toxicological screening. Toxicol Sci 2009; 111:202-25. [PMID: 19567883 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High costs, long test times, and societal concerns related to animal use have required the development of in vitro assays for the rapid and cost-effective toxicological evaluation and characterization of compounds in both the pharmaceutical and environmental arenas. Although the pharmaceutical industry has developed very effective, high-throughput in vitro assays for determining the therapeutic potential of compounds, the application of this approach to toxicological screening has been limited. A primary reason for this is that while drug candidate screens are directed to a specific target/mechanism, xenobiotics can cause toxicity through any of a myriad of undefined interactions with cellular components and processes. Given that it is not practical to design assays that can interrogate each potential toxicological target, an integrative approach is required if there is to be a rapid and low-cost toxicological evaluation of chemicals. Cellular stress response pathways offer a viable solution to the creation of a set of integrative assays as there is a limited and hence manageable set (a small ensemble of 10 or less) of major cellular stress response pathways through which cells mount a homoeostatic response to toxicants and which also participate in cell fate/death decisions. Further, over the past decades, these pathways have been well characterized at a molecular level thereby enabling the development of high-throughput cell-based assays using the components of the pathways. Utilization of the set of cellular stress response pathway-based assays as indicators of toxic interactions of chemicals with basic cellular machinery will potentially permit the clustering of chemicals based on biological response profiles of common mode of action (MOA) and also the inference of the specific MOA of a toxicant. This article reviews the biochemical characteristics of the stress response pathways, their common architecture that enables rapid activation during stress, their participation in cell fate decisions, the essential nature of these pathways to the organism, and the biochemical basis of their cross-talk that permits an assay ensemble screening approach. Subsequent sections describe how the stress pathway ensemble assay approach could be applied to screening potentially toxic compounds and discuss how this approach may be used to derive toxicant MOA from the biological activity profiles that the ensemble strategy provides. The article concludes with a review of the application of the stress assay concept to noninvasive in vivo assessments of chemical toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O Simmons
- Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA
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34
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Hwang SL, Yen GC. Modulation of Akt, JNK, and p38 activation is involved in citrus flavonoid-mediated cytoprotection of PC12 cells challenged by hydrogen peroxide. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:2576-2582. [PMID: 19222219 DOI: 10.1021/jf8033607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The physiological benefits of dietary flavonoids have been attributed to their antioxidant and signaling properties. Our previous study revealed that hesperetin exhibits neuroprotection in PC12 cells by diverse mechanisms. Biological activities of flavonoids might be determined by their chemical structures. Here, we further studied the effects of hesperetin and its structural counterparts, isorhamnetin and isosakuranetin, on kinases related to survival signaling as well as other cytoprotective actions. Pretreatment with flavonoids (0.8 or 50 microM) increased cell viability and catalase activity (CA) and decreased membrane damage, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i), and caspase-3 activity in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. Increased CA, [Ca2+]i, and ROS levels, but lower caspase-3 activities, were obtained upon treatment with 50 microM isorhamnetin or isosakuranetin. Based on their structural differences and the concentrations used, these flavonoids differentially activated pro-survival signaling molecules, including Akt/protein kinase B, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibited the activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase, which triggers apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that signaling actions of thses flavonoids are involved in their neuroprotection against oxidative stress and that they act more as signaling molecules than antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam-Long Hwang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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35
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Natsch A, Emter R. Skin sensitizers induce antioxidant response element dependent genes: application to the in vitro testing of the sensitization potential of chemicals. Toxicol Sci 2007; 102:110-9. [PMID: 17932397 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tests for skin sensitization are required prior to the market launch of new cosmetic ingredients and in vitro tests are needed to replace the current animal tests. Protein reactivity is the common feature of skin sensitizers and it is a crucial question whether a cellular in vitro assay can detect protein reactivity of diverse test chemicals. The signaling pathway involving the repressor protein Keap1 and the transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, which binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) in the promoter of many phase II detoxification genes, is a potential cellular marker because Keap1 had been shown to be covalently modified by electrophiles which leads to activation of ARE-dependent genes. To evaluate whether this regulatory pathway can be used to develop a predictive cellular in vitro test for sensitization, 96 different chemicals of known skin sensitization potential were added to Hepa1C1C7 cells and the induction of the ARE-regulated quinone reductase (QR) activity was determined. In parallel, 102 chemicals were tested on the reporter cell line AREc32, which contains an eightfold repeat of the ARE sequence upstream of a luciferase gene. Among the strong/extreme skin sensitizers 14 out of 15 and 30 out of 34 moderate sensitizers induced the ARE-dependent luciferase activity and in many cases this response was paralleled by an induction of QR activity in Hepa1C1C7 cells. Sixty percent of the weak sensitizers also induced luciferase activity, and the overall accuracy of the assay was 83 percent. Only four of 30 tested nonsensitizers induced low levels of luciferase activity, indicating a high specificity of the assay. Thus, measurement of the induction of this signaling pathway provides an interesting in vitro test to screen for the skin sensitization potential of novel chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Natsch
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Ueberlandstrasse 138, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
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