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Helmich I, Chang YY, Gemmerich R, Rodrigo L, Funken J, Arun KM, Van de Vliet P. Neurobehavioral consequences of repetitive head impacts in Para swimming: A case report. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:16-19. [PMID: 37923648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Para swimmers with limb deficiency are faced with the particular situation that they must use their head to finish each competition by a hit to the wall. Repetitive head impacts may impair behavioral and brain functions. We therefore investigated neurobehavioral functions of a Para swimmer with dysmelia before and after repetitive head impacts (T1) and without (T2). Average head impact at T1 constituted 13.6 g with a mean impact force of 6689.9 N. Behavioral and brain functions decreased from pre to post at T1 but not at T2. Para swimmers with limb deficiency are therefore affected from the same consequences onto brain health that are observed after repeated sport-related concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Helmich
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany.
| | - Y Y Chang
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany
| | - R Gemmerich
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany
| | - L Rodrigo
- Department of Motor Behavior in Sports, German Sport University (GSU), Germany
| | - J Funken
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, GSU Cologne, Germany
| | - K M Arun
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA
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Lai YC, Cheng YW, Chao CH, Chang YY, Chen CD, Tsai WJ, Wang S, Lin YS, Chang CP, Chuang WJ, Chen LY, Wang YR, Chang SY, Huang W, Wang JR, Tseng CK, Lin CK, Chuang YC, Yeh TM. Antigenic Cross-Reactivity Between SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD and Its Receptor ACE2. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868724. [PMID: 35603169 PMCID: PMC9114768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the human cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) through its receptor-binding domain in the S1 subunit of the spike protein (S1-RBD). The serum levels of autoantibodies against ACE2 are significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls and are associated with disease severity. However, the mechanisms through which these anti-ACE2 antibodies are induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection are unclear. In this study, we confirmed the increase in antibodies against ACE2 in patients with COVID-19 and found a positive correlation between the amounts of antibodies against ACE2 and S1-RBD. Moreover, antibody binding to ACE2 was significantly decreased in the sera of some COVID-19 patients after preadsorption of the sera with S1-RBD, which indicated that antibodies against S1-RBD can cross-react with ACE2. To confirm this possibility, two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs 127 and 150) which could bind to both S1-RBD and ACE2 were isolated from S1-RBD-immunized mice. Measurement of the binding affinities by Biacore showed these two mAbs bind to ACE2 much weaker than binding to S1-RBD. Epitope mapping using synthetic overlapping peptides and hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) revealed that the amino acid residues P463, F464, E465, R466, D467 and E471 of S1-RBD are critical for the recognition by mAbs 127 and 150. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed that these mAbs could recognize ACE2 only in native but not denatured form, indicating the ACE2 epitopes recognized by these mAbs were conformation-dependent. The protein-protein interaction between ACE2 and the higher affinity mAb 127 was analyzed by HDX-MS and visualized by negative-stain transmission electron microscopy imaging combined with antigen-antibody docking. Together, our results suggest that ACE2-cross-reactive anti-S1-RBD antibodies can be induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection due to potential antigenic cross-reactivity between S1-RBD and its receptor ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc., Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Cheng
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc., Tainan, Taiwan
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Wei-Jiun Tsai
- The Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Jer Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ren Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Yung-Chun Chuang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Leadgene Biomedical, Inc., Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Abstract
In compromised bone conditions such as osteoporosis, developments of the implant surface are necessary to secure the stability of implants. This study investigated the effect of the surface porous titanium structure (PS) on the osseointegration of implants in osteoporotic bone. Bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed in 4 female beagle dogs to induce osteoporosis for 32 wk. Success of induction was based on the evaluation of bone mineral density by Hounsfield units (HU) in computed tomography images. Posterior teeth in both mandibles were extracted 1 wk after OVX, and a total of 30 implants (15 implants in each group) were placed after 32 wk of osteoporosis induction. The control group implant underwent resorbable blast media (RBM) surface treatment, whereas the test group underwent RBM surface treatment in the coronal two-thirds and a PS added to the apical 3-mm portion. HU values in the mandibular trabecular bone, lumbar, and femoral head significantly decreased 32 wk after OVX, confirming osteoporotic condition after induction. Resonance frequency analysis and removal torque test showed comparable values between the 2 groups at 4 wk after implant placement. The surface topography of the implant after removal showed hard tissue integration at the PS in the test group. Bone-to-implant contact length was greater in the apical portion of the test group, although statistical significance was not found between the groups. Interthread bone area in the apical portion of the test group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (control: 0.059 ± 0.041 mm2, test: 0.121 ± 0.060 mm2, P = 0.028) with the histological feature of bone ingrowth at the PS. The findings of the study demonstrated that the surface PS could improve osteoconductivity in the osteoporotic trabecular bone by bone ingrowth at the pore space, thereby enhancing the osseointegration and stability of the implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Ko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Periodontal-Implant Clinical Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Lee
- Advanced Process and Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Y Chang
- Department of Dentistry, Inha International Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Park
- MIR Dental Hospital and MegaGen, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yun
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Chang YY, Wang YG, Fan P, Wang JQ, Shu YQ, Li R, Zhong XN, Long L, Zhao ZH, Li CX, Qiu W. [Expression of HLA-DP in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:3574-3580. [PMID: 31826574 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.45.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of HLA-DP gene expression on the susceptibility and disease status of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). Methods: A total of 86 NMOSD patients (52 in acute phase and 34 in remission phase), 52 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients (20 in acute phase and 32 in remission phase) diagnosed in Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and 29 healthy controls were enrolled prospectively. Genotyping of HLA-DP was performed. The expression levels of HLA-DP molecules in peripheral blood B cells and monocytes were measured by flow cytometry. The transcription levels of HLA-DPB1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were measured by real time-PCR. The results were compared among different groups Results: There was no statistically significant difference of the distributions of HLA-DPB1*0501/HLA-DPB1*0501, HLA-DPB1*0501/X and X/X genotypes and the frequencies of allele of HLA-DPB1*0501 among NMOSD, MS patients and healthy controls (P=0.96 and 0.71, respectively). The expression levels of HLA-DP on the surface of B cells in NMOSD patients, especially in remission phase patients, were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(212±328 and 374±394 vs 55±57, P=0.049 and 0.002, respectively). The expression levels of HLA-DP on the surface of monocytes in NMOSD patients in acute phase were significantly higher than those in healthy controls(158±175 vs 65±90, P=0.025). The transcription levels of PMBC HLA-DPB1 mRNA in acute phase and remission phase of NMOSD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (3.0±1.4 and 2.9±1.3 vs 1.5±1.4, P=0.000 and 0.003, respectively). The expression levels of HLA-DP molecules on the surface of peripheral blood B cells and monocytes and the transcription levels of PMBC HLA-DPB1 mRNA in MS patients at the acute and remission stages were not significantly different from those in healthy controls. The expression levels of HLA-DP molecules on the surface of B cells in patients with HLA-DPB1*0501/HLA-DPB1*0501, HLA-DPB1*0501/X and X/X genotypes were statistically different (P=0.017). Conclusion: HLA-DP gene transcription and molecular expression levels in antigen presenting cells may affect the susceptibility and disease status of NMOSD patients, while HLA-DPB1*0501 allele may affect the transcription and molecular expression levels of HLA-DP gene in antigen presenting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Y G Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - P Fan
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - J Q Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Y Q Shu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - R Li
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - X N Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - L Long
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Z H Zhao
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450051, China
| | - C X Li
- School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Qiu
- Department of Neurology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Chang YY, Yen CJ, Chan SH, Chou YW, Lee YP, Bao CY, Huang CJ, Huang W. NEK2 Promotes Hepatoma Metastasis and Serves as Biomarker for High Recurrence Risk after Hepatic Resection. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:843-856. [PMID: 30145571 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Developing reliable biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who are at a high risk of recurrence after curative hepatic resection is very important for determining subsequent therapeutic strategies. We investigated the role of the cell cycle factor NIMA-related kinase 2 (NEK2) in HCC progression in hepatoma cells and post-surgery patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS The effects of NEK2 on proliferation, invasion and migration of hepatoma HuH7 and SK-Hep1 cells were evaluated. In a post-surgery HCC cohort (N = 97), the Nek2 induction levels in the tumors were examined with real-time RT-PCR analysis, and the results were analyzed for their correlations with recurrence. RESULTS NEK2 promoted G1 to S phase cell cycle progression by causing increases in cyclin D1 and AKT phosphorylation and decreases in the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, indicating that NEK2 plays an important role during interphase in addition to its previously identified role in M phase. NEK2 also enhanced the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatoma cells and regulated the expression of E-cadherin and MMP9. The Nek2 mRNA levels in the tumors were highly correlated with recurrence rates in the post-surgery HCC patients. Combined evaluation of the tumor AJCC stage and the Nek2 level can serve as a reliable method for predicting the relative risk of HCC recurrence in these patients. CONCLUSIONS NEK2 plays a significant role in cell cycle progression in the inter- and M-phases. NEK2 enhances HCC metastasis and is correlated with recurrence and thus can potentially serve a promising high-risk biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung. University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Chan
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Bao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang EC, Huang HS, Huang SY, Huang SY, Chang YY, Lee GH, Sheu HS, Chang CK. A one dimensional coordination polymer composed of antiferromagnetically coupled disk-like [Mn 7] units. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01374h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A single-chain magnet (SCM) was constructed from disk-like Mn7 clusters linked by azide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Che Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Han-Sheng Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Shao-Yun Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yi Huang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ying Chang
- Department of Chemistry
- Fu Jen Catholic University
- New Taipei City
- Republic of China
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentation Centre
- College of Science
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Hwo-Shuenn Sheu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- NSRRC
- Hsinchu City 300
- Republic of China
| | - Chung-Kai Chang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center
- NSRRC
- Hsinchu City 300
- Republic of China
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Chen X, Dong XS, Gao HY, Jiang YF, Jin YL, Chang YY, Chen LY, Wang JH. Suppression of HSP27 increases the anti‑tumor effects of quercetin in human leukemia U937 cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:689-96. [PMID: 26648539 PMCID: PMC4686121 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a natural flavonoid, inhibits the growth of leukemia cells and induces apoptosis. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) has been reported to promote the development of leukemia by protecting tumor cells from apoptosis through various mechanisms. The present study investigated the effects of small hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated HSP27 knockdown on the anti-cancer effects of quercetin in U937 human leukemia cells. Cells were transfected with recombinant lentiviral vector pCMV-G-NR-U6-shHSP27 (shHSP27), which expressed shRNA specifically targeting the HSP27 gene, alone or in combination with quercetin. The results showed that shHSP27 and quercetin synergistically inhibited U937 cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by decreasing the Bcl2-to-Bax ratio. Furthermore, this combined treatment significantly suppressed the infiltration of tumor cells and the expression of angiogenesis-associated proteins HIF1α and VEGF. Compared with shHSP27 or quercetin alone, shHSP27 plus quercetin markedly decreased the protein expression of cyclinD1 and thus blocked the cell cycle at G1 phase. The Notch/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is important in tumor aggressiveness; quercetin plus shHSP27 significantly decreased Notch 1 expression and the phosphorylation levels of the downstream signaling proteins AKT and mTOR. The inhibitory effects of quercetin plus shHSP27 on this pathway may thus have been responsible for the cell cycle arrest, inhibition of proliferations and infiltration as well as enhancement of apoptosis. Therefore, these findings collectively suggested that suppression of HSP27 expression amplified the anti-cancer effects of quercetin in U937 human leukemia cells, and that quercetin in combination with shHSP27 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Shuai Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Fang Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Lan Jin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ying Chang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Hsieh YH, Chang YY, Su IJ, Yen CJ, Liu YR, Liu RJ, Hsieh WC, Tsai HW, Wang LHC, Huang W. Hepatitis B virus pre-S2 mutant large surface protein inhibits DNA double-strand break repair and leads to genome instability in hepatocarcinogenesis. J Pathol 2015; 236:337-47. [PMID: 25775999 DOI: 10.1002/path.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been established to cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the exact mechanism remains to be clarified. Type II ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) harbouring the HBV pre-S2 mutant large surface protein (LHBS) have been recognized as a morphologically distinct hallmark of HCC in the advanced stages of chronic HBV infection. Considering its preneoplastic nature, we hypothesized that type II GGH may exhibit high genomic instability, which is important for the carcinogenic process in chronic HBV carriers. In this study we found that pre-S2 mutant LHBS directly interacted with importin α1, the key factor that recognizes cargos undergoing nuclear transportation mediated by the importin α/β-associated nuclear pore complex (NPC). By interacting with importin α1, which inhibits its function as an NPC factor, pre-S2 mutant LHBS blocked nuclear transport of an essential DNA repair and recombination factor, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1), upon DNA damage, thereby delaying the formation of nuclear foci at the sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Pre-S2 mutant LHBS was also found to block NBS1-mediated homologous recombination repair and induce multi-nucleation of cells. In addition, pre-S2 mutant LHBS transgenic mice showed genomic instability, indicated by increased global gene copy number variations (CNVs), which were significantly higher than those in hepatitis B virus X mice, indicating that pre-S2 mutant LHBS is the major viral oncoprotein inducing genomic instability in HBV-infected hepatocytes. Consistently, the human type II GGHs in HCC patients exhibited increased DNA DSBs representing significant genomic instability. In conclusion, type II GGHs harbouring HBV pre-S2 mutant oncoprotein represent a high-risk marker for the loss of genome integrity in chronic HBV carriers and explain the complex chromosome changes in HCCs. Mouse array CGH raw data: GEO Accession No. GSE61378 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE61378).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ying Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Hsieh
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Centre of Infectious Disease and Signalling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chang YY, Hsu WH, Pan TM. Monascus secondary metabolites monascin and ankaflavin inhibit activation of RBL-2H3 cells. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:192-199. [PMID: 25525886 DOI: 10.1021/jf504013n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monascus-fermented products have been used as dietary food and traditional medicine due to their beneficial effects on circulation and digestive systems in Asia for thousands of years. Besides, monascin and ankaflavin, secondary metabolites from Monascus-fermented products, have proven anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. In previous research, monascin and ankaflavin ameliorated ovalbumin-induced airway allergic reaction often used as a type I allergy asthma model. Additionally, mast cells play critical roles in type I allergy. Therefore, RBL-2H3 cells were used as the mast cell model to determine whether the improving effects on asthma of monascin and ankaflavin came from influencing mast cells. PMA and ionomycin are common activators of mast cells because they stimulate the main signaling molecules during mast cell activation. Forty micromolar monascin and ankaflavin inhibited PMA/ionomycin-induced mast cell degranulation and TNF-α secretion through suppressing the phosphorylation of PKC and MAPK family ERK, JNK, and p38. Consequently, monascin and ankaflavin affected the activation of mast cells and may have the potential to improve type I allergy.
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Liang IC, Chang YY, Lee TS, Lin YR, Liu KR. Treatment of myopic choroidal neovascularization with posterior sub-Tenon’s bevacizumab injection (Avastin®). Int Ophthalmol 2014; 34:971-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-014-9907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hsu WH, Lee BH, Chang YY, Hsu YW, Pan TM. A novel natural Nrf2 activator with PPARγ-agonist (monascin) attenuates the toxicity of methylglyoxal and hyperglycemia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:842-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lee BH, Hsu WH, Huang T, Chang YY, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Effects of monascin on anti-inflammation mediated by Nrf2 activation in advanced glycation end product-treated THP-1 monocytes and methylglyoxal-treated wistar rats. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:1288-1298. [PMID: 23331247 DOI: 10.1021/jf305067n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of monascin on receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) signal and THP-1 monocyte inflammation after treatment with S100b, a specific ligand of RAGE. Monascin inhibited cytokine production by S100b-treated THP-1 monocytes via up-regulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and alleviated p47phox translocation to the membrane. Methylglyoxal (MG, 600 mg/kg bw) was used to induce diabetes in Wistar rats. Inhibitions of RAGE and p47phox by monascin were confirmed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of MG-induced rats. Silymarin (SM) was used as a positive control group. It was found that monascin promoted heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression mediated by Nrf2. Suppressions of AGEs, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-β) in serum of MG-induced rats were attenuated in the monascin administration group treated with retinoic acid (RA). RA treatment resulted in Nrf2 inactivation by increasing RA receptor-α (RARα) activity, suggesting that RA acts as an inhibitor of Nrf2. The results showed that monascin exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects mediated by Nrf2 to prevent the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Lee BH, Hsu WH, Chang YY, Kuo HF, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Ankaflavin: a natural novel PPARγ agonist upregulates Nrf2 to attenuate methylglyoxal-induced diabetes in vivo. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:2008-16. [PMID: 23022408 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ankaflavin (AK) is an active compound having anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antiatherosclerotic, and hypolipidemic effects. We have previously reported that AK acts as an antioxidant and antidiabetic drug; however, the mechanism by which AK prevents diabetes remains unknown. Hyperglycemia is associated with protein glycation, which produces advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Methylglyoxal (MG)-a metabolite of carbohydrates-is believed to cause insulin resistance by inducing inflammation and pancreas damage. In this work, diabetes was induced in Wistar rats (4 weeks of age) by treating them with MG (600 mg/kg bw) for 4 weeks. We observed that AK (10mg/kg bw) exerted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonist activity, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity (as indicated by hepatic GLUT2 translocation, PTP1B suppression, and glucose uptake) by downregulating blood glucose and upregulating pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 and Maf-A expression and increasing insulin production in MG-induced rats. However, these effects were abolished by the administration of GW9662 (PPARγ antagonist), but the expression of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) was not suppressed in MG-induced rats. Therefore, the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation was investigated. AK did not affect hepatic Nrf2 mRNA or protein expression but significantly increased Nrf2 phosphorylation (serine 40), which was accompanied by increased transcriptional activation of hepatic HO-1 and GCL. These data indicated that AK protected rats from oxidative stress resulting from MG-induced insulin resistance. In contrast, these effects were not detected when the rats were treated with the antidiabetic drug rosiglitazone (10mg/kg bw). Moreover, we found that AK did not inhibit the generation of AGEs in vitro; however, the glutathione (GSH) levels in liver and pancreas of MG-induced rats were elevated in rats administered AK. Therefore, we believe that GSH may lower the MG level, which attenuates the formation of AGEs in the serum, kidney, liver, and pancreas of MG-induced rats. We also found that AK treatment reduced the production of inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Taken together, the results of our mechanistic study of MG-induced rats suggest that the protective effects of AK against diabetes are mediated by the upregulation of the signaling pathway of Nrf2, which enhances antioxidant activity and serves as a PPARγ agonist to enhance insulin sensitivity.
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MESH Headings
- Anilides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Blood Glucose
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Flavins/pharmacology
- Flavins/therapeutic use
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/blood
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/physiopathology
- Male
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- PPAR gamma/antagonists & inhibitors
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Pancreas/drug effects
- Pancreas/metabolism
- Pancreas/physiopathology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Pyruvaldehyde
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Hong Lee
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Wang YM, Chang Y, Chang YY, Cheng J, Li J, Wang T, Zhang QY, Liang DC, Sun B, Wang BM. Serotonin transporter gene promoter region polymorphisms and serotonin transporter expression in the colonic mucosa of irritable bowel syndrome patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 24:560-5, e254-5. [PMID: 22435794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01902.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of serotonin transporter (SERT) gene polymorphism in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been demonstrated. However, the expression of SERT mRNA and proteins in the colonic mucosa with different 5-HTT gene-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotypes remains unknown. We examined SERT mRNA and protein levels in colon biopsies from patients with different 5-HTTLPR genotypes and evaluated the links between the polymorphism and the expression levels. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-four patients with IBS and 120 healthy subjects were studied. DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood and genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SERT mRNA and protein levels were evaluated by quantitative real time PCR and western blotting. The promoter efficiency of the serotonin transporter promoter (SERT-P) was evaluated with luciferase reporter system. KEY RESULTS The frequency of the L/L genotype in C-IBS group was significantly higher than that in the control and D-IBS. However, the S/S genotype in D-IBS was significantly higher than that in C-IBS. The transcriptional efficiency of the L/L genotype was significantly higher than that in the L/S and S/S genotype. Patients with the L/L genotype demonstrated increased production of the SERT protein when compared with L/S and S/S patients. The l variant increased SERT promoter activity by 2.43-fold when compared with the s variant. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Polymorphism in the promoter region of the SERT gene can influence the expression of SERT mRNA and the levels of the SERT protein in the colonic mucosa, thereby playing a key role in motility-related symptoms of IBS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University Hospital, Tianjin, China
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15
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Lee CH, Hong HM, Chang YY, Chang WW. Inhibition of heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 potentiates the suppressive effect of Hsp90 inhibitors in targeting breast cancer stem-like cells. Biochimie 2012; 94:1382-9. [PMID: 22445681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 is an ATP-dependent chaperone and its expression has been reported to be associated with poor prognosis of breast cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are particular subtypes of cells in cancer which have been demonstrated to be important to tumor initiation, drug resistance and metastasis. In breast cancer, breast CSCs (BCSCs) are identified as CD24-CD44 + cells or cells with high intracellular aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH+). Although the clinical trials of Hsp90 inhibitors in breast cancer therapy are ongoing, the BCSC targeting effect of them remains unclear. In the present study, we discovered that the expression of Hsp90α was increased in ALDH + human breast cancer cells. Geldanamycin (GA), a Hsp90 inhibitor, could suppress ALDH + breast cancer cells in a dose dependent manner. We are interesting in the insufficiently inhibitory effect of low dose GA treatment. It was correlated with the upregulation of Hsp27 and Hsp70. By co-treatment with HSP inhibitors, quercetin or KNK437 potentiated BCSCs, which determined with ALDH+ population or mammosphere cells, toward GA inhibition, as well as anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects of GA. With siRNA mediated gene silencing, we found that knockdown of Hsp27 could mimic the effect of HSP inhibitors to potentiate the BCSC targeting effect of GA. In conclusion, combination of HSP inhibitors with Hsp90 inhibitors could serve as a potential solution to prevent the drug resistance and avoid the toxicity of high dose of Hsp90 inhibitors in clinical application. Furthermore, Hsp27 may play a role in chemoresistant character of BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang YY, Chiang MC, Kuo TC, Chi LL, Kao YH, Huang RN. The down-regulation of galectin-1 expression is a specific biomarker of arsenic toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chang YY, Cronan JE. An Escherichia coli mutant deficient in pyruvate oxidase activity due to altered phospholipid activation of the enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 81:4348-52. [PMID: 16593486 PMCID: PMC345586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate oxidase (pyruvate:ferricytochrome b(1) oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.2.2) of Escherichia coli is markedly activated by phospholipids in vitro. To test the physiological relevance of this activation, we isolated an E. coli mutant producing an oxidase that is deficient in activation by (and binding to) phospholipids. The mutant oxidase could be fully activated by a specific proteolytic cleavage, indicating that the catalytic site is normal. The mutant enzyme functions poorly in vivo, indicating that activation of the oxidase by phospholipids plays an important physiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, 131 Burrill Hall, 407 South Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801
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18
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Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide isolated from colicin E2-sensitive Escherichia coli and from "receptor-minus" mutants inhibits the activity of colicin E2. Lipid A and the polysaccharide fraction obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide are inactive either alone or when tested in combination. Periodate oxidation of lipopolysaccharide destroys over 85% of its inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Chang CC, Chang YY, Chang WN, Lee YC, Wang YL, Lui CC, Huang CW, Liu WL. Cognitive deficits in multiple system atrophy correlate with frontal atrophy and disease duration. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:1144-50. [PMID: 19486137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02661.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dementia remains an exclusion criterion in diagnosing multiple system atrophy (MSA). This study aimed to determine the cognitive changes and brain atrophy patterns in the Parkinsonian (MSA-P) and cerebellar (MSA-C) variants of MSA. METHODS Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuro-psychological tests were applied to 10 MSA-C and 13 MSA-P patients, and compared to 37 age-matched controls. Correlation analyses were performed between cognitive test results and morphometric data extracted from the VBM data. RESULTS In neuro-psychological testing, the 23 MSA patients scored lower in the Stroop interference test and took longer in the trail-making test as compared with the controls, whereas MSA-C performed worse than MSA-P in the memory scores, Stroop test, and time to complete the trail-making test. MSA, as a group, showed atrophy in the cerebellum, insular cortex, fusiform gyrus, inferior orbito-frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and caudate nucleus. Memory scores correlated well with pre-frontal lobe atrophy but not in the insular area. CONCLUSION In conclusion, although dementia is not a typical presenting feature of MSA and is regarded as a sub-cortical movement disorder, frontal atrophy, cognitive changes, and dementia are identifiable as MSA progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Lan MY, Chang YY, Chen WH, Kao YF, Lin HS, Liu JS. Serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism is associated with body mass index and obesity in non-elderly stroke patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2009; 32:119-22. [PMID: 19411808 DOI: 10.1007/bf03345699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonergic system is involved in the complex behavioral and physiological process in maintaining energy balance. Genetic factors regulating serotonergic function may have links with the development of obesity. AIM To investigate whether the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene is associated with body mass index (BMI) and obesity in stroke patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study included 376 patients (65.3+/-11.3 yr; male, 61.7%) with stroke. Associations between the 5-HTTLPR and BMI and obesity (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) were examined in all subjects. In order to test age-dependent effects of the genetic variant, the association was also examined in the non-elderly subgroup (<65 yr) and the elderly subgroup (> or =65 yr) respectively. RESULTS For non-elderly subjects, the SS genotype was independently associated with increased BMI level (beta=1.84, p=0.037) and obesity (odds ratio 4.17, 95% CI 1.25-14.0, p=0.021) when the LL genotype was used as the reference. The association was not found for all patients or in the elderly subgroup. The LS genotype was not different from the LL genotype in BMI level or risk of obesity, either for all subjects or with regard to the non-elderly and elderly subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The SS genotype of 5-HTTLPR is an independent determinant of increased BMI level and obesity in non-elderly stroke patients but not in elderly patients. An age-dependent modification for the effect of the 5-HTTLPR on development of obesity is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Lan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niaosung, Taiwan
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Chang YY, Ouyang Q. [Expression and significance of mucosal beta-defensin-2, TNFalpha and IL-1beta in ulcerative colitis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2008; 47:11-14. [PMID: 18346318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression and significance of human beta-defensin-2 (HBD2), TNFalpha and IL-1beta in ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Thirty-five patients with active UC diagnosed by the department of gastroenterology in West China Hospital were included in this study. Ulcerative colitis disease activity index (UCAI) was assessed and the pathological grades of UC were classified. Immunohistochemistry assay and real-time quantitative PCR were used for the expression of HBD2, TNFalpha, IL-1beta in colonic mucosa of UC. RESULTS Among the 35 patients with UC, 10 cases were mild, 13 moderate and 12 severe. Of the 35 cases, there were 11 with grade I, 13 grade II and 11 grade III lesion according to Truelove criteria. The score of UCAI had positive correlation with pathological grading (r = 0.890, P < 0.01). The expressions of HBD2, TNFalpha, IL-1beta in colonic mucosa of UC with immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR were significantly higher than those in healthy control (P < 0.05); the expressions increased gradually with the severity of pathological grade and there was a higher expression of them in inflamed area than in non-inflamed (P < 0.05). A good positive correlation was also found between HBD2 and other inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS It is shown that there is a higher expression of HBD2 in colonic mucosa as compared with healthy control, a higher expression of it in inflamed area than in non-inflamed area and a positive correlation of expression between HBD2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha and IL-1beta, implying that HBD2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines are interdependent and interactive playing an important role in magnifying and aggravating inflammatory injury in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Fang CT, Chang YY, Hsu HM, Twu SJ, Chen KT, Lin CC, Huang LYL, Chen MY, Hwang JS, Wang JD, Chuang CY. Life expectancy of patients with newly-diagnosed HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. QJM 2007; 100:97-105. [PMID: 17277317 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcl141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on the life expectancy of patients with newly-diagnosed HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIM To provide such an estimate using a semi-parametric projection. DESIGN Statistical analysis. METHODS Follow-up data for patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection in Taiwan (HIV/AIDS Cohort) from 1 May 1997 to 30 April 2003 (n = 3351, only 1% are injecting drug users) were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The survival function for an age- and gender-matched reference population was generated by the Monte Carlo method from the life-table of the general population. A constant excess hazard model was used to project long-term survival of HIV-infected patients, with linear extrapolation of a logit-transformed curve of survival ratio between HIV-infected patients and the reference population. RESULTS The 5-year survival rate was 58% in patients who had already developed AIDS at diagnosis (AIDS group), and 89% in those who had not (non-AIDS group). Extrapolation yielded an expected mean survival time of 10.6 years after diagnosis for the AIDS group, and 21.5 years after diagnosis for the non-AIDS group. DISCUSSION Our results support the expansion of HIV screening programs to minimize delay in diagnosis. With continuing advances in HAART, this estimate of survival in initially asymptomatic patients may be conservative. Their long life expectancy raises questions about what kind of preventive heath services should be offered. These should be addressed through further analysis of overall benefit and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
In this study, as a promising technique for the treatment of both As(III) and As(V) at the same time in a single reactor, a column reactor containing both manganese-coated sand (MCS) and iron-coated sand (ICS), at different configuration of MCS and ICS, was used to treat wastewater contaminated with As(III). Prior to column experiments, batch experiments for the adsorption of As(V) by ICS were performed with variation of solution pH, ionic strength and types of background ions to investigate the effect of these parameters on the As(V) adsorption behaviour. As(V) adsorption onto ICS was quite similar with the variation of ionic strength by using NaNO3 as a background ion as well as in the presence of different types of background ions except phosphate. The adsorption curves shifted to the lower pH region with the increase of the initial arsenic concentration due to the finite number of adsorption sites on the ICS. For model prediction on the adsorption of As(V) onto ICS, the MINEQL program employing an inner-sphere complexation and a diffuse layer model was used. Model predictions generally agreed well with experimental results. From the column test, column system packed with equal ratio of MCS and ICS was identified as the best system due to a promising oxidation efficiency of As(III) to As(V) by MCS and adsorption of As(V) by both MCS and ICS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea.
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Chang YY, Kim KS, Jung JH, Yang JK, Lee SM. Application of iron-coated sand and manganese-coated sand on the treatment of both As(III) and As(V). Water Sci Technol 2007; 55:69-75. [PMID: 17305125 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2007.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, manganese-coated sand (MCS) and iron-coated sand (ICS) were applied in the oxidation of As(III) and adsorption of As(V), respectively. ICS and MCS were prepared by mixing FeCl3 and Mn(NO3)2, respectively, with Joomoonjin sand at 150 degrees C. In the batch adsorption isotherms, adsorption of As(III) and As(V) onto ICS followed a Langmuir type. ICS showed a greater capacity in the removal of As(V) than As(III) and also in the removal of As(V) compared with MCS. Three different configurations of ICS and MCS were used to investigate the oxidation of As(III) and adsorption of As(V) in a column. In the homogenised system, arsenic breakthrough was approximately two-times delayed compared with the separately packed systems. After breakthrough of arsenic, concentration of As(III) in the effluents was below 40 ppb for the entire reaction period in all configurations, and most arsenic was identified as As(V) owing to near complete conversion of As(III) to As(V) by MCS. The catalytic activity of MCS on the oxidation of As(III) was maintained up to 700 pore volumes, which corresponds to the treatment of at least 300 mg As(III) based on the 1 kg MCS. Compared with the homogenised column, the released Mn(II) concentration from two-staged and four-staged columns was great for the entire reaction period. In the case where the same amount of ICS and MCS was packed in a filtration system, the homogenised column was identified as a better configuration compared with the two-staged and four-staged columns when considering the arsenic breakthrough time as well as the released concentration of Fe(III) and Mn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Korea.
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Lin CH, Huang CF, Chen WY, Chang YY, Ding WH, Lin MS, Wu SH, Huang RN. Characterization of the Interaction of Galectin-1 with Sodium Arsenite. Chem Res Toxicol 2006; 19:469-74. [PMID: 16544954 DOI: 10.1021/tx0503348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that galectin-1 (GAL1) is an arsenic-binding protein. In the current study, we further characterize the interaction of GAL1 with sodium arsenite (As(III)). The GALl-As(III) complex was prepared from the cell extracts of GAL1-transfected Escherichia coli (E. coli) that were pretreated with As(III). The results of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of GAL1-As(III) exhibited a negative signal at around 205-210 nm, whereas that of GAL1 showed a negative signal at around 215-220 nm. This shift in the CD spectrum is indicative of a substantial change in the secondary structure arising from the binding of As(III) to the GAL1 protein. The UV absorptive spectrum of the GAL1-As(III) complex was significantly lower than that of GAL1 itself. A mobility shift binding assay showed that the GAL1-As(III) complex migrated closer than GAL1 toward the anode. Capillary electrophoretic analysis also showed that As(III) binding decreased the mobility of GAL1. These results further confirmed the structural change of the GAL1 complex with As(III). Furthermore, isothermal titration microcalometric studies showed that As(III) titration into the GAL1 protein solution was an endothermic process with absorption enthalpy (DeltaH(abs)) around 8-10 kJ/mol As(III). The affinity constant (K(d)) of As(III) toward GAL1 was around 8.239 +/- 2.627 microM as estimated by tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence quenching. However, the binding of As(III) did not significantly affect the biological activity of GAL1, since the GAL1-As(III) complex only partially lost its lectin activity. In addition, we show that GAL1-transfected KB cells accumulated more arsenic than did the parental cells. Taken together, these results suggest that GAL1 might serve as a target protein of As(III) in vivo, and the binding of GAL1 with As(III) could interfere with the excretion of As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Huan Lin
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Central University & University System of Taiwan, Chung-Li, Taoyuan, Taiwan 32054, ROC
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Su CF, Chang YY, Pai HH, Liu IM, Lo CY, Cheng JT. Mediation of beta-endorphin in exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2005; 21:175-82. [PMID: 15386812 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic exercise including treadmill running has long been used to successfully treat and/or prevent insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. Increase of plasma beta-endorphin is observed with exercise. The present study was designed to clarify the role of endogenous beta-endorphin in exercise-induced improvement in insulin resistance. METHODS We used a moderate exercise program consisting of treadmill running at 20 m/min and 0% grade for 1 h/day, 7 days/week, for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose concentration was assessed by the glucose oxidase method. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to quantify the plasma level of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (BER). The glucose disposal rate (GDR) was measured by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. Changes of the insulin signaling in isolated soleus muscle were then detected by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. RESULTS An increase of plasma BER in parallel with the reduction of plasma glucose was obtained in exercise-trained obese Zucker rats. Different from a marked reduction in sedentary obese rats, the value of insulin-stimulated GDR obtained from the exercised obese rats was reversed to near that of the sedentary lean group, eight weeks after the last period of exercise. This effect of exercise was inhibited by naloxone or naloxonazine at doses sufficient to block opioid micro-receptors. Signaling-related defects in the soleus muscle of sedentary obese Zucker rats, which impaired glucose transporter subtype 4 (GLUT 4), included decreased phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, as well as an attenuated p85 regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase) and Akt serine phosphorylation. In contrast, exercise training failed to modify the levels of insulin receptor (IR), IRS-1, and IR tyrosine autophosphorylation in obese Zucker rats. CONCLUSION Enhanced insulin sensitivity via exercise training might be mediated by endogenous beta-endorphin through an increase of postreceptor insulin signaling related to the IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase step that leads to the enhancement of GLUT 4 translocation and improved glucose disposal in obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, ROC
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Chang YY, Chen SJ, Liang HC, Sung HW, Lin CC, Huang RN. The effect of galectin 1 on 3T3 cell proliferation on chitosan membranes. Biomaterials 2004; 25:3603-11. [PMID: 15020134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2003.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Accepted: 10/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (GAL1), a beta-galactoside-binding protein, functions in cell adhesion, development, and growth regulation. A number of studies suggest that GAL1 play an important role in enhancing cell adhesion to extracellular matrix and inducing cell proliferation. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin extracted from lobsters, crabs and shrimps' exoskeletons. In clinical medicine, chitosan membrane had been used as a semi-permeable biological dressing. Although chitosan membranes show no cytotoxicity, some cell types (e.g. 3T3 cells) fail to attach and proliferate on their surface. In these studies, we show that over-expression of GAL1 does not enhance 3T3 cell proliferation on chitosan membranes. However, coating the chitosan membrane with recombinant GAL1 proteins significantly expedites 3T3 cells proliferation. The enhanced cell growth was inhibited by thiodigalactoside (TDG, a potent inhibitor of beta-galactoside binding) and GAL1 monoclonal antibodies, suggesting GAL1's specific effect on the proliferation of 3T3 cells upon chitosan membranes. Moreover, immunoblotting detected a markedly suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation in several proteins on 3T3 cell growths upon GAL1-coated chitosan membrane. Pretreating the cells with sodium fluoride (NaF, a phosphatase inhibitor) inhibits the attachment and proliferation of 3T3 cells. These findings support a proposed role for altered levels of protein phosphorylation in GAL1-mediated cell attachment and proliferation on chitosan membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Central University, Chung-Li, 32054 Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang SH, Sheng WH, Chang YY, Wang LH, Lin HC, Chen ML, Pan HJ, Ko WJ, Chang SC, Lin FY. Healthcare-associated outbreak due to pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a surgical intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2003; 53:97-102. [PMID: 12586567 DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2002.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is ubiquitous and has recently become one of the most important healthcare-associated (HA) pathogens in hospitals. Infection caused by this organism often leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Outbreaks of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (PDRAB) have rarely been reported. During a two-month period, an outbreak of PDRAB colonization and infection affecting 7 patients occurred in our surgical intensive care unit (SICU). The colonized sites were respiratory tract (N = 7) and central venous catheter (N = 2). One of the patients had a surgical wound infection. Extensive environmental contamination was identified, including sites such as bed rails, bedside tables, surface of ventilators and infusion pump, water for nasogastric feeding and ventilator rinsing and sinks. All of the isolates were analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and showed an identical pattern. After use of strict cohort nursing, hand hygiene environmental cleaning, and replacement of a dysfunctional high-efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA), the outbreak was controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Wang
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Chen WH, Kao YF, Lan MY, Chang YY, Liu JS. A perturbation of antithrombin-III and protein C coupling associates with an increase of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibody in non-antiphospholipid antibody syndrome cerebral ischemia. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2002; 13:703-9. [PMID: 12441909 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200212000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anti-beta -glycoprotein I antibody (abetaGPI) has been recognized in raising the risk of cerebral ischemia in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), especially by protein C (PC) axis perturbation. Although a high potential is also seen in non-APS patients, the mechanism is substantially unknown. In the present study, we examined the effect of abetaGPI on PC and antithrombin-III (AT-III) activity in non-APS patients with non-cardiac cerebral ischemia (NCCI). A total of 111 NCCI patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. They were free of APS manifestation, and their anticardiolipin antibody and lupus anticoagulant tests were within normal range. There were 14.4% patients found to have an abnormal increase of blood abetaGPI. The PC, AT-III, albumin, aminotransferases, creatinine, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time did not differ between our patients and controls, or patients with or without increased abetaGPI. However, a marked decrease of the PC/AT-III ratio was found in patients with increased abetaGPI. The correlation between PC and AT-III activity was highly significant in patients with an increase of abetaGPI (P = 0.001), only marginal in controls (P = 0.042), and was insignificant in patients with a normal abetaGPI (P = 0.277). The abetaGPI did not correlate to PC or AT-III activity in either patients or controls. These findings suggest that high PC/AT-III coupling may relate to NCCI in non-APS patients associated with an increase of abetaGPI. This coupling effect seems not to be caused by abetaGPI directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chen
- Stroke Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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30
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Chia JS, Chang LY, Shun CT, Chang YY, Tsay YG, Chen JY. A 60-kilodalton immunodominant glycoprotein is essential for cell wall integrity and the maintenance of cell shape in Streptococcus mutans. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6987-98. [PMID: 11598074 PMCID: PMC100079 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.6987-6998.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2001] [Accepted: 07/12/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously by Western blotting that in naturally sensitized humans, the serum or salivary antibody response to Streptococcus mutans was directed predominantly to a protein antigen with a size of approximately 60-kDa. To identify this immunodominant antigen, specific serum antibodies were eluted from immunoblots and five positive clones with inserts ranging in length from 3 to 8 kb from identical chromosomal loci were obtained by screening a genomic expression library of Streptococcus mutans GS-5. Amino acid sequencing established the identity of this immunodominant antigen, a 60-kDa immunodominant glycoprotein (IDG-60), to be a cell wall-associated general stress protein GSP-781, which was originally predicted to have a molecular mass of approximately 45 kDa based on the derived nucleotide sequence. Discrepancy in the molecular mass was also observed in recombinant his-tagged IDG-60 (rIDG-60) expressed from Escherichia coli. Glycosylation, consisting of sialic acid, mannose galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine, was detected by lectin binding to IDG-60 in cell wall extracts from S. mutans and rIDG-60 expressed in vivo or translated in vitro. Despite the presence of multiple Asn or Ser or Thr glycosylation sites, IDG-60 was resistant to the effect of N-glycosidase F and multiple O-glycosidase molecules but not to beta-galactosidase. Insertional inactivation of the gene encoding IDG-60, sagA, resulted in a retarded growth rate, destabilization of the cell wall, and pleiomorphic cell shape with multifold ingrowth of cell wall. In addition, distinct from the parental GS-5 strain, the isogenic mutant GS-51 was unable to survive the challenge of low pH and high osmotic pressure or high temperature. Expression of the wild-type gene in trans within GS-51 from plasmid pDL277 complemented the growth defect and restored normal cell shape. These results suggested that IDG-60 is essential for maintaining the integrity of the cell wall and the uniformity of cell shape, both of which are indispensable for bacteria survival under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Chia
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine National Taiwan University, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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31
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Abstract
The epitope recognized by a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the crystalline surface layer protein of Rickettsia typhi, SRT10, was mapped to 10 amino acid residues (SRTag TFIGAIATDT). The oligonucleotide sequence covering the epitope recognized by SRT10 was inserted into a mammalian expression vector together with multiple cloning sites. When the SRTag was fused in frame to the coding region of the NCC27/CLIC1 gene and expressed in mammalian cells, the MAb SRT10 could detect the tagged protein by immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and immunoprecipitation. In addition to the SRT-NCC27/CLIC1, SRT10 could detect N-terminal-tagged MEF2D and C-terminal-tagged CD4 by immunocytochemistry. We suggest that this specific recognition of the SRTag by SRT10 is generally applicable to cellular and molecular biology research that requires the expression and detection of fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Lu KY, Pan SM, Lee LL, Shia LY, Chang YY. The influence of professional commitment on turnover intention. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2001; 17:364-71. [PMID: 11593963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of professional commitment on turnover intentions of nurses. The study also examined the relationships between demographic data, work-related variables and the professional commitment. The self-administered questionnaires were distributed to one fifth of Southern Taiwan's population of nurses (n = 4,000). A total of 2,543 subjects completed the questionnaires with a 63.6% response rate. The nurses exhibited a medium-high degree of overall professional commitment. Age, salary, years in profession and years in organization were correlated significantly with professional commitment by Pearson's correlation. There were significant correlations between professional commitment and marital status, educational level, status of the youngest child, level of position, and family support in Spearman's correlations. Family support, age, level of position and status of hospital were the significant predictors in the final regression analysis model. The discriminant analysis showed that 45.4% of nursing professional commitment was correctly classified in predicting intention to leave the profession and 33.1% in predicting the intention to leave the organization. The study recommended that nursing professional commitment is an important moderator to affect the turnover intention of staff nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lu
- Department of Nursing, Meiho Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Huang CY, Fujimura M, Chang YY, Chan PH. Overexpression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase attenuates acute activation of activator protein-1 after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Stroke 2001; 32:741-7. [PMID: 11239196 DOI: 10.1161/01.str.32.3.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). ROS are known to regulate the activity of transcription factors such as activator protein-1 (AP-1), which is a dimer consisting of members of the Jun and Fos families. We investigated the role of ROS in AP-1 activity after FCI using transgenic mice that overexpressed copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and that had reduced infarction volume after FCI. METHODS The SOD1 transgenic mice and their wild-type littermates were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion by intraluminal suture blockade. After 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion, mice were allowed to recover for 1, 2, and 4 hours before euthanasia. Protein expression of c-Jun and c-Fos was examined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. AP-1 DNA-protein binding activity was assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. RESULTS In wild-type mice, immunohistochemistry demonstrated acute c-Jun and c-Fos activation in ischemic cortex and its outer boundary. Expression of both was reduced in SOD1 transgenic mice. Western blotting confirmed that SOD1 overexpression was associated with reduced c-Jun and c-Fos protein levels in ischemic brain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that the ischemia-enhanced DNA binding activity observed in wild-type mice was reduced in SOD1 transgenic mice. Supershift assays indicated that c-Jun participated in the bound AP-1 complex. CONCLUSIONS SOD1 overexpression prevents early activation of AP-1 after transient FCI in mice. This may block the expression of downstream target genes that are injurious, thereby reducing the infarction volume after transient FCI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Program in Neurosciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5487, USA
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Huang YT, Lin HC, Chang YY, Yang YY, Lee SD, Hong CY. Hemodynamic effects of synephrine treatment in portal hypertensive rats. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 85:183-8. [PMID: 11286401 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.85.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synephrine, a sympathomimetic alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist, has been shown to induce dose-dependent portal hypotensive effects after acute intravenous infusion. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic effects of 8-day administration of synephrine in portal hypertensive rats. Portal hypertension was induced by either partial portal vein ligation (PVL) or bile duct ligation (BDL). Portal hypertensive rats were allocated into one of two groups: vehicle group (0.1 N HCl, 0.5 ml/12 h) or synephrine group (1 mg/kg per 12 h), with 7 rats in each group. Synephrine or vehicle was administered by gavage into PVL and BDL rats for 8 consecutive days. Systemic as well as splanchnic hemodynamic parameters were measured thereafter. Synephrine significantly ameliorated the hyperdynamic state in both PVL and BDL rats. The portal venous pressure in PVL and BDL rats (-13.5% and -10.1%, respectively), portal tributary blood flow (-19.5% and -20.4%) and cardiac index (-12.1% and -18.8%) were significantly reduced, while mean arterial pressure (10.4% and 23.4%) and systemic (26.3% and 51.0%) as well as portal territory (47.1% and 67.7%) vascular resistance were enhanced by treatment of synephrine as compared with vehicle treatment. Our results showed that eight-day administration of synephrine exerted beneficial hemodynamic effects in two models of portal hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Huang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang JT, Chang SC, Ko WJ, Chang YY, Chen ML, Pan HJ, Luh KT. A hospital-acquired outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection initiated by a surgeon carrier. J Hosp Infect 2001; 47:104-9. [PMID: 11170773 DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2000.0878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become an important hospital-acquired pathogen, infection with which often leads to major morbidity and mortality. The principal mode of transmission for MRSA is transfer of the organism from a carrier or infected patient to uninfected patients by the hands or clothing of staff. From January 16 1997 to April 2 1997, five patients who had undergone open-heart surgery in a hospital located in northern Taiwan, developed surgical wound infections and mediastinitis caused by MRSA. All patients were hospitalized in two adjacent surgical intensive care units (ICUs) following their respective operations. Consequently, the hospital's infection control team commenced investigation of the outbreak. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has been shown to be a good technique for epidemiological typing. By analysing cultures taken from staff by PFGE, it was demonstrated that this outbreak was most likely to be initiated by a surgeon with MRSA carriage. After elimination of the carrier state using topical mupirocin treatment, the outbreak was controlled without further incident.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Fe0-mediated reductive destruction of hazardous organic compounds such as chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) and nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) in the aqueous phase is one of the latest innovative technologies. In this paper, rapid reductive degradation of COCs and NACs by synthesized nanoscale Fe0 in anaerobic batch systems was presented. The nanoscale Fe0, characterized by high specific surface area and high reactivity, rapidly transformed trichloroethylene (TCE), chloroform (CF), nitrobenzene (NB), nitrotoluene (NT), dinitrobenzene (DNB) and dinitrotoluene (DNT) under ambient conditions, which results in complete disappearance of the parent compounds from the aqueous phase within a few minutes. GC analysis reported that the main products of the dechlorination of TCE and CF were ethane and methane as well as that most of the nitro groups in NACs were reductively transformed to amine groups. These results suggest that the rapid reductive destruction by nanoscale Fe0 is potentially a viable in situ or aboveground treatment of groundwater contaminated with hazardous organic compounds including COCs and NACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choe
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Environment Remediation Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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37
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Lu KY, Chang YY, Chiou SL. [Changes in nursing professional commitment among junior college graduates]. Hu Li Yan Jiu 2001; 9:28-38. [PMID: 11548213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The purposes of this longitudinal study were to understand the changes in professional commitment from nursing students before graduation to registered nurses one year and two years after their graduation, and to find the relationship among these changes, work backgrounds and organizational satisfaction. The sample consisted of 890 junior college graduates. The Nursing Professional Commitment Scale was used for data collection at the first and the second test, while work backgrounds and organizational satisfaction were included at the third test. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean, standard deviation, correlation and repeated measure ANOVA statistical methods. The results showed that: (1) The average scores of the three tests were 2.96, 2.84 and 2.79, with a full point scale of 4. (2) There were positive correlations among the three tests of professional commitments; also, positive correlation was shown between organizational satisfaction and professional commitment on the third test. (3) The scores for overall nursing professional commitment decreased significantly one year after graduation, but there was no significant changes from one year to two years after graduation. (4) There was a significant relationship between the changes in professional commitment and grades of hospital, but no significant relationship with job category or work unit. (5) Organizational satisfaction influenced the decrease in professional commitment from nursing students before graduation to two years after graduation; it also changed professional commitment from one to two years after graduation significantly. The author suggests that nursing educators and administrators should be concerned with changes in the professional commitment of nurses so as to increase nurses' organizational satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lu
- School of Nursing, Mei-Ho Institute of Technology, Taiwan, ROC
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38
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Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). Reactive oxygen species regulate activity of transcription factors like NF-kappaB. The authors investigated the role of ROS in NF-kappaB activity after FCI using transgenic mice that overexpressed human copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and that had reduced infarction volume after FCI. Superoxide dismutase transgenic and wild-type mice were subjected to 1 hour of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and subsequent reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry showed SOD1 overexpression attenuated ischemia-induced NF-kappaB p65 immunoreactivity. Colocalization of NF-kappaB and the neuronal marker, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), showed that NF-kappaB was up-regulated in neurons after FCI. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that SODI overexpression reduced ischemia-induced NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. Supershift assays showed that DNA-protein complexes contained p65 and p50 subunits. Immunoreactivity of c-myc, an NF-kappaB downstream gene, was increased in the ischemic cortex and colocalized with NF-kappaB. Western blotting showed that SOD1 overexpression reduced NF-kappaB and c-Myc protein levels in the ischemic brain. Colocalization of c-Myc and TUNEL staining was observed 24 hours after FCI. The current findings provide the first evidence that SOD1 overexpression attenuates activation of NF-kappaB after transient FCI in mice and that preventing this early activation may block expression of downstream deleterious genes like c-myc, thereby reducing ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
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Chang YY, Cronan JE. Conversion of Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase to an 'alpha-ketobutyrate oxidase'. Biochem J 2000; 352 Pt 3:717-24. [PMID: 11104678 PMCID: PMC1221509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli pyruvate oxidase (PoxB), a lipid-activated homotetrameric enzyme, is active on both pyruvate and 2-oxobutanoate ('alpha-ketobutyrate'), although pyruvate is the favoured substrate. By localized random mutagenesis of residues chosen on the basis of a modelled active site, we obtained several PoxB enzymes that had a markedly decreased activity with the natural substrate, pyruvate, but retained full activity with 2-oxobutanoate. In each of these mutant proteins Val-380 had been replaced with a smaller residue, namely alanine, glycine or serine. One of these, PoxB V380A/L253F, was shown to lack detectable pyruvate oxidase activity in vivo; this protein was purified, studied and found to have a 6-fold increase in K(m) for pyruvate and a 10-fold lower V(max) with this substrate. In contrast, the mutant had essentially normal kinetic constants with 2-oxobutanoate. The altered substrate specificity was reflected in a decreased rate of pyruvate binding to the latent conformer of the mutant protein owing to the V380A mutation. The L253F mutation alone had no effect on PoxB activity, although it increased the activity of proteins carrying substitutions at residue 380, as it did that of the wild-type protein. The properties of the V380A/L253F protein provide new insights into the mode of substrate binding and the unusual activation properties of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, B103 Chemical and Life Sciences Laboratory, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Hwang SL, Yang YH, Lieu AS, Chuang MC, Chang SJ, Chang YY, Lin HJ, Howng SL. The conditional survival statistics for survivors with primary supratentorial astrocytic tumors. J Neurooncol 2000; 50:257-64. [PMID: 11263506 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006484220764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relative survival rates can offer a general description of tumor outcome and, traditionally, are used for surveillance and comparison purposes. However, they are not informative for individual tumor survivors. Conditional survival estimates can calculate the probability of surviving next some years given survival to a specific period of time after craniotomy for individual tumor survivors. However, clinically, they have not been used for predicting the tumor outcome. METHODS We calculated conditional probabilities of survival within 6 years after craniotomy in 112 patients with primary supratentorial astrocytic tumors and evaluated factors affecting the survival time more than 2 years after craniotomy. RESULTS Our data showed that the conditional probability of survival can predict yearly survival rate when patients survive for a specific period of time. The conditional survival rates within 6 years after craniotomy were always higher than those evaluated by relative survival rates. Overall, the longer the patients survived, the higher the conditional probabilities of surviving sixth year postoperatively were. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the conditional probabilities of survival have good availability and are important estimates for individual tumor survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hwang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Zero-valent iron powder (Fe0) has been determined to be potentially useful for the removal of nitrate in the water environment. This research is aimed at subjecting the kinetics of denitrification by nanoscale Fe0 to an analysis of factors affecting the chemical denitrification of nitrate. Nanoscale iron particles with a diameter in the range of 1-100 nm, which are characterized by the large BET specific surface area to mass ratio (31.4 m2/g), removed mostly 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/l of nitrate within a period of 30 min with little intermediates. Compared with microscale (75-150 microm) Fe0, end product is not ammonia but N2 gas. Kinetics analysis from batch studies revealed that the denitrification reaction with nanoscale Fe0 appeared to be a pseudo first-order with respect to substrate and the observed reaction rate constant (k(obs)) varied with iron content at a relatively low degree of application. The effects of mixing intensity (rpm) on the denitrification rate suggest that the denitrification appears to be coupled with oxidative dissolution of iron through a largely mass transport-limited surface reaction (<40 rpm).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Choe
- Korea Institute of Scienca and Technology, Environment Remediation Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
The main aims of this study were to develop norms for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in 6- to 11-year-old children in Taiwan; to explore the effect of sex, age, birth order, number of siblings, and parental education on WCST performance in 6- to 11-year-old children; and to make a comparison of WCST performance between children in Taiwan and the USA. The results of this comparison of developmental norms of school children in Taiwan and the United States may facilitate the WCST as a clinical or research instrument in combination with other test procedures to assess aspects of cognitive and neuropsychological functioning of school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Shu
- College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Cyclopropane fatty acids (CFAs) are generally synthesized as bacterial cultures enter stationary phase. In Escherichia coli, the onset of CFA synthesis results from increased transcription of cfa, the gene encoding CFA synthase. However, the increased level of CFA synthase activity is transient; the activity quickly declines to the basal level. We report that the loss of CFA activity is due to proteolytic degradation dependent on expression of the heat shock regulon. CFA synthase degradation is unaffected by mutations in the lon, clpP, and groEL genes or by depletion of the intracellular ATP pools. It seems likely that CFA synthase is the target of an unidentified energy-independent heat shock regulon protease. This seems to be the first example of heat shock-dependent degradation of a normal biosynthetic enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chang
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Hou MF, Tsai KB, Fan HM, Wang CY, Lin WC, Liu CS, Lin HJ, Chai CY, Fu OY, Li SS, Chang YY, Huang TJ. Familial breast cancer in southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:414-21. [PMID: 11221545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether there are pathobiologic differences and differences in overall rates survival between familial and non-familial breast cancer patients in Taiwan. A retrospective study was performed evaluating 76 familial breast cancer patients in 69 families, which included two BRCA1 related cases and six BRCA2 related cases. Patients were compared with 425 non-familial sporadic cases. Familial breast cancer patients had similar ages and stages as non-familial patients (mean, 46.6 years vs 48.9 years, p = 0.306). However, the familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 related cases presented at lower stages (p = 0.034) and younger ages than non-familial patients (mean, 45.1 years vs 48.9 years P = 0.042). The occurrence of infiltrating ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma in situ was not significantly different in the two groups. Mucinous carcinoma was represented with 6.7% (4/76) and 1.3% (1/76) medullary carcinoma. The overall grade of familial breast cancer, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 related cases in 8 infiltrating ductal carcinoma, was significantly higher than that of controls. The mean follow up was 4.5 years for familial breast cancers. Five- and 10-year overall survival rates were 69% and 61% for those with a family history, compared with 86% and 64% for those in the control group (p = 0.644). There were no statistically significant differences in disease-free survival rates between the two groups at 5 or 10 years (69% vs 78% in 5 years; 48% vs 58% in 10 years) (p = 0.862). Despite the younger ages and earlier stages at presentation in familial breast cancer patients with BRCA1 and BRCA2 related cases, the familial breast cancer patients had higher grade patholobiologic characteristics, but similar prognoses when compared with sporadic breast cancer patients. Owing to the limited number of familial cases in this study, more cases and longer follow up are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Shu BC, Lung FW, Chang YY. The mental health in mothers with autistic children: a case-control study in southern Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:308-14. [PMID: 11584432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of autistic children on the mental health of their mothers. Autism is a complicated neuropsychiatric disorder. Evidence shows that mothers with autistic children experience greater stress than those having children with other chronic diseases. In this study we have 1) assessed the mental health of mothers with autistic children; 2) determined their prevalence of minor psychiatric morbidity (MPM); 3) classified their MPM; and 4) determined factors related to their mental health. A case-controlled design was used to compare the mental status among mothers having children with either autistic (n = 30), or Down syndrome (n = 11) and with normal children (n = 56). The mean score of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ) showed no differences between those mothers of case and control groups. Using a 9-point criterion to screen for MPM in the CHQ, more mothers (37%) in the case group had scores > or = 9 compared with the control group (18%). Mothers of the case group had significantly higher for MPM using logistic regression analysis. The educational level was inversely related to the CHQ scores. Mothers with a CHQ score > or = 9, were later diagnosed with either depression (36%) and anxiety (46%); or anxiety and depression (9%). A primary care model for mothers with autistic children should therefore be developed to prevent them from developing mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Shu
- School of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Wu WT, Wang PM, Chang YY, Huang TK, Chien YH. Suspended rice particles for cultivation of Monascus purpureus in a tower-type bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2000; 53:542-4. [PMID: 10855713 DOI: 10.1007/s002530051654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cultivation of Monascus purpureus (CCRC 31615) for the production of natural pigments was investigated. Traditionally, Monascus species were grown on rice by solid-state culture. For large-scale cultivation, solid-state cultures were associated with some problems such as contamination and scale-up. By using submerged cultures with rice particles, a stirred-tank fermentor was not suitable for submerged cultures as the impeller tended to break the particles into small pieces. A conventional bubble column was also unsuitable as its mixing capability was poor. In the present study, a modified bubble column with wire-mesh draft tubes was employed for the cultivation of M. purpureus. The proposed column had a shorter mixing time and a higher oxygen transfer rate relative to the conventional bubble column. The production of pigments using the proposed column was up to 80% higher than that achieved using the conventional bubble column.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Wu HS, Kolonoski P, Chang YY, Bermudez LE. Invasion of the brain and chronic central nervous system infection after systemic Mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2979-84. [PMID: 10768998 PMCID: PMC97513 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.5.2979-2984.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/1999] [Accepted: 01/18/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria have been described previously, especially in patients with AIDS. To investigate specific aspects of the pathogenesis of this entity, C57BL bg(+)/bg(-) mice were infected intravenously with Mycobacterium avium, and cultures of blood and brain as well as histopathology examination of brain tissue were carried out at several time points up to 6 months after infection. Low-grade inflammatory changes with small aggregates of lymphocytes and macrophages as well as perivascular cuffing were seen early in the infection. A small number of bacteria could be observed in the parenchyma of the choroid plexus. Six months after infection, numerous bacteria were present within the foamy macrophage of the granulomatous lesions along the ventricle and meninges. None of the mice developed clinical signs of meningitis or encephalitis or even died spontaneously during the period of observation. Use of CD18(-/-) knockout mice indicated that transport of the bacterium within neutrophils or monocytes into the brain is unlikely. Mild chronic CNS infection developed in the mice during sustained systemic M. avium infection, similar to what has been reported in most human cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Wu
- Kuzell Institute for Arthritis and Infectious Disease, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
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Liu JS, Chang YY, Wu HS, Huang CY, Chen WH, Lan MY, Kao YF, Chen SS. Transtentorial cerebellar c-jun expression after focal cerebral cortical injury in mice. Neurosci Lett 2000; 282:85-8. [PMID: 10713402 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00865-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Delayed and remote effect of focal cerebral cortical lesion on cerebellum remains unclear. The c-Jun, an inducible transcription factor of cellular immediate early gene, is the predominant transcription factor and consistent marker for neurons that respond to stress or injury. We use a mouse cryogenic injury model to study the spatial and temporal changes of c-jun in the cerebellum after focal neocortical lesion. A transient and moderate expression of c-jun mRNA was found in the cerebellum with central dominance since 3 day postinjury and gradually subsided within 2 weeks. A distinct increment of c-Jun protein expression in Purkinje cells of the bilateral cerebellar hemispheres with focal connotation in the vermis was detected since 1 week postinjury. These findings suggest that the delayed and remote c-jun expression of the cerebellum, functionally connected with the cerebral cortex, indicate transneuronal gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Liu
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, San-Ming District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
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Chen WH, Lan MY, Chang YY, Liu JS. An abnormal cholesterol profile in young adults with normocholesterolemic cerebral ischemia. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:141-7. [PMID: 10846350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An abnormal cholesterol fraction can still be able to provoke cascades of lipidic atherogenesis even when the serum TC level is within normal range (< 200 mg%). However, there is a shortage of convincing data concerning cerebral atherogenesis in young Asians who have a different diet habit and living style from those in western countries. In this study, we examined the lipoprotein-cholesterol profile in young Taiwanese patients with noncardiac cerebral ischemia (NCCI) whose serum TC level was < 200 mg% and 200-250 mg%. The results showed a decrease of HDLC and an increase of VLDLC in patients with TC < 200 mg%, but only a decrease of HDLC in patients with TC = 200-250 mg%. The cholesterol fraction metabolism is obviously perplexed in NCCI subjects. These findings were not related to their associated risk factors. Accordingly, a derangement of cholesterol fraction with normal serum TC level can also incite lipidic cerebral atherogenesis in young Taiwanese adults. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of cholesterol profile should be born in mind in young eastern NCCI patients despite of a normal serum TC level. Tailored measure of diet and living should be modified to prevent lipidic atherogenesis in our society in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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Lu KY, Chiou SL, Chang YY. A study of the professional commitment changes from nursing students to registered nurses. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2000; 16:39-46. [PMID: 10741015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this longitudinal study were to understand the professional commitment changes from nursing students to registered nurses. A total of 890 subjects completed the questionnaires of the nursing professional commitment and personality test before their graduation, and nursing professional commitment one year after their graduation, respectively. The data were analyzed by mean, correlation, t-test and repeated measures ANOVA. The results showed that: (1) the nurses exhibited a medium-high degree of professional commitment--the average score was 2.99 before graduation and 2.85 after graduation; (2) there was a highly significant correlation between professional commitments for nursing students and registered nurses; (3) The scores of overall commitment and four factors of professional commitment decreased from nursing students to registered nurses significantly; (4) personality traits were positively correlated with professional commitment for nursing students and registered nurses; and (5) there was no significant relationship between nurses' work backgrounds and the changes of professional commitment from nursing students to registered nurses. Implications for nursing education and for hospital management are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lu
- School of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Department of Nursing, Fooyin Institute of Technology, Taiwan
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