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Jang EH, Kim SA. Long-Term Epigenetic Regulation of Foxo3 Expression in Neonatal Valproate-Exposed Rat Hippocampus with Sex-Related Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5287. [PMID: 38791325 PMCID: PMC11121443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to valproic acid is commonly used for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) animal model development. The inhibition of histone deacetylases by VPA has been proposed to induce epigenetic changes during neurodevelopment, but the specific alterations in genetic expression underlying ASD-like behavioral changes remain unclear. We used qPCR-based gene expression and epigenetics tools and Western blotting in the hippocampi of neonatal valproic acid-exposed animals at 4 weeks of age and conducted the social interaction test to detect behavioral changes. Significant alterations in gene expression were observed in males, particularly concerning mRNA expression of Foxo3, which was significantly associated with behavioral changes. Moreover, notable differences were observed in H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation, quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), and methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme-based qPCR targeting the Foxo3 gene promoter region. These findings provide evidence that epigenetically regulated hippocampal Foxo3 expression may influence social interaction-related behavioral changes. Furthermore, identifying sex-specific gene expression and epigenetic changes in this model may elucidate the sex disparity observed in autism spectrum disorder prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soon-Ae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Republic of Korea;
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2
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V RP, Finnell RH, Ross ME, Alarcón P, Suazo J. Neural tube defects and epigenetics: role of histone post-translational histone modifications. Epigenomics 2024; 16:419-426. [PMID: 38410929 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the most common congenital anomalies of the CNS. It is widely appreciated that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to their etiology. The inability to ascribe clear genetic patterns of inheritance to various NTD phenotypes suggests it is possible that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the etiology of NTDs. In this context, the contribution of DNA methylation as an underlying contributing factor to the etiology of NTDs has been extensively reviewed. Here, an updated accounting of the evidence linking post-translational histone modifications to these birth defects, relying heavily upon studies in humans, and the possible molecular implications inferred from reports based on cellular and animal models, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pardo V
- Section of Genetics, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar #999, Santiago, Chile
- Unit of Neonatology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar #999, Santiago, Chile
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 407 East 61st Street, NY, USA
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Section of Genetics, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar #999, Santiago, Chile
- Section of Genetics, Hospital Sótero del Río, Avenida Concha y Toro #3459, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Olivos #943, Santiago, Chile
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3
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Jackson BL, Shafique S, Natale BV, Natale DRC, Winn LM. Investigating the effects of valproic acid on placental epigenetic modifications and development in the CD-1 mouse model. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 124:108551. [PMID: 38280688 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Gestational exposure to the anticonvulsant drug valproic acid (VPA) is associated with congenital malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders through its action as a histone deacetylase inhibitor. VPA can elicit placental toxicity and affect placental growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of maternal exposure to VPA on the mouse placenta following exposure on gestational day (GD) 13 since previous studies have shown that mice exposed at this time during gestation give birth to offspring with an autism spectrum disorder-like phenotype. We exposed CD-1 dams to a teratogenic dose (600 mg/kg) of VPA or saline on GD13 and assessed fetoplacental growth and development on GD18. We evaluated epigenetic modifications, including acetylated histone H4 (H4ac), methylated H3K4 (H3K4me2) using immunohistochemistry, and global DNA methylation in the placenta at 1, 3, and 24 h following maternal exposure on GD13. In utero exposure to VPA on GD13 significantly decreased placental weight and increased fetal resorptions. Moreover, VPA significantly increased the staining intensity of histone H4 acetylation and H3K4 di-methylation across the placenta at 1 and 3 h post maternal dose. Our results also demonstrate that VPA significantly decreased global DNA methylation levels in placental tissue. These results show that gestational exposure to VPA interferes with placental growth and elicits epigenetic modifications, which may play a vital role in VPA-induced developmental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna L Jackson
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Sidra Shafique
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bryony V Natale
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David R C Natale
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada; School of Environmental Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada.
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4
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Santos DS, Rocha MA, Mello MLS. Epigenetic studies in insects and the valproic acid perspective. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e256045. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.256045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Valproic acid in association with sodium valproate (VPA) is an important anticonvulsant drug used for decades to treat neurological disorders. VPA also acts as an epigenetic modulator by inhibiting histone deacetylases, permitting histone acetylation, affecting the DNA and histone methylation status and gene expression, and inducing chromatin remodeling. Insects represent an important animal model for studies in several areas of science. Their high phenotypic plasticity makes them alternative models for epigenetic studies. This brief review emphasizes recent reports on insect epigenetics and the contribution of studies on the VPA action in insects, including effects on epigenetic markers, extending the pharmacological understanding of the potential of this drug, and demonstrating the usefulness of insects as an alternative animal model to drug studies.
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5
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Zarate-Lopez D, Torres-Chávez AL, Gálvez-Contreras AY, Gonzalez-Perez O. Three Decades of Valproate: A Current Model for Studying Autism Spectrum Disorder. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:260-289. [PMID: 37873949 PMCID: PMC10788883 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x22666231003121513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increased prevalence and incidence in recent decades. Its etiology remains largely unclear, but it seems to involve a strong genetic component and environmental factors that, in turn, induce epigenetic changes during embryonic and postnatal brain development. In recent decades, clinical studies have shown that inutero exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug, is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of ASD. Subsequently, prenatal VPA exposure in rodents has been established as a reliable translational model to study the pathophysiology of ASD, which has helped demonstrate neurobiological changes in rodents, non-human primates, and brain organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. This evidence supports the notion that prenatal VPA exposure is a valid and current model to replicate an idiopathic ASD-like disorder in experimental animals. This review summarizes and describes the current features reported with this animal model of autism and the main neurobiological findings and correlates that help elucidate the pathophysiology of ASD. Finally, we discuss the general framework of the VPA model in comparison to other environmental and genetic ASD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zarate-Lopez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Torres-Chávez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
- Physiological Science Ph.D. Program, School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima 28040, Mexico
| | - Alma Yadira Gálvez-Contreras
- Department of Neuroscience, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, México
| | - Oscar Gonzalez-Perez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Colima, Colima 28040, México
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Stakišaitis D, Kapočius L, Kilimaitė E, Gečys D, Šlekienė L, Balnytė I, Palubinskienė J, Lesauskaitė V. Preclinical Study in Mouse Thymus and Thymocytes: Effects of Treatment with a Combination of Sodium Dichloroacetate and Sodium Valproate on Infectious Inflammation Pathways. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2715. [PMID: 38140056 PMCID: PMC10747708 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The research presents data from a preclinical study on the anti-inflammatory effects of a sodium dichloroacetate and sodium valproate combination (DCA-VPA). The 2-week treatment with a DCA 100 mg/kg/day and VPA 150 mg/kg/day combination solution in drinking water's effects on the thymus weight, its cortex/medulla ratio, Hassall's corpuscles (HCs) number in the thymus medulla, and the expression of inflammatory and immune-response-related genes in thymocytes of male Balb/c mice were studied. Two groups of mice aged 6-7 weeks were investigated: a control (n = 12) and a DCA-VPA-treated group (n = 12). The treatment did not affect the body weight gain (p > 0.05), the thymus weight (p > 0.05), the cortical/medulla ratio (p > 0.05), or the number of HCs (p > 0.05). Treatment significantly increased the Slc5a8 gene expression by 2.1-fold (p < 0.05). Gene sequence analysis revealed a significant effect on the expression of inflammation-related genes in thymocytes by significantly altering the expression of several genes related to the cytokine activity pathway, the inflammatory response pathway, and the Il17 signaling pathway in thymocytes. Data suggest that DCA-VPA exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the inflammatory mechanisms in the mouse thymocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Kapočius
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Evelina Kilimaitė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Dovydas Gečys
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Lina Šlekienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jolita Palubinskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (L.Š.); (I.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
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7
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Fan L, Liu L, Rao X, Wang X, Luo H, Gan J. The 100 most-cited manuscripts in epilepsy epigenetics: a bibliometric analysis. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:3111-3122. [PMID: 37340273 PMCID: PMC10643235 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The top citation article reflects the developmental milestone of a given field. The purpose of this bibliometric analysis was to identify and assess the 100 most-cited (T100) articles on the epigenetics mechanism of epilepsy. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was used to investigate, and search terms related to epilepsy epigenetics were compiled. Results were ranked according to citation number. The publication year, citation density, authorship, journal, country, institution, manuscript type, theme, and clinical topics were further evaluated. RESULTS The Web of Science search returned a total of 1231 manuscripts. The number of citations for a manuscript ranges from 739 to 75. The greatest number of manuscripts in the top 100 was published in the Human Molecular Genetics and Neurobiology of Disease (n = 4). The journal with the highest 2021 impact factor was Nature Medicine (IF = 87.244). The most-cited paper by Aid et al. reported a new nomenclature for mouse and rat BDNF gene and its expression profiles. Most manuscripts were original articles (n = 69), of which 52 (75.4%) report findings of basic scientific work. The most prevalent theme was microRNA (n = 29), and the most popular clinical topic was temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS The research on the epigenetics mechanism of epilepsy was in its infancy but full of potential. The developmental history and current achievements of hot themes, including microRNA, DNA methylation, and temporal lobe epilepsy, were overviewed. This bibliometric analysis provides useful information and insight for researchers when launching new projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xueyi Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Rocha MA, de Campos Vidal B, Mello MLS. Sodium Valproate Modulates the Methylation Status of Lysine Residues 4, 9 and 27 in Histone H3 of HeLa Cells. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:197-210. [PMID: 35297358 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666220316110405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a well-known anti-epileptic agent, inhibits histone deacetylases, induces histone hyperacetylation, promotes DNA demethylation, and affects the histone methylation status in some cell models. Histone methylation profiles have been described as potential markers for cervical cancer prognosis. However, histone methylation markers that can be studied in a cervical cancer cell line, like HeLa cells, have not been investigated following treatment with VPA. METHODS In this study, the effect of 0.5 mM and 2.0 mM VPA for 24 h on H3K4me2/me3, H3K9me/me2 and H3K27me/me3 signals as well as on KMT2D, EZH2, and KDM3A gene expression was investigated using confocal microscopy, Western blotting, and RT-PCR. Histone methylation changes were also investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RESULTS We found that VPA induces increased levels of H3K4me2/me3 and H3K9me, which are indicative of chromatin activation. Particularly, H3K4me2 markers appeared intensified close to the nuclear periphery, which may suggest their implication in increased transcriptional memory. The abundance of H3K4me2/me3 in the presence of VPA was associated with increased methyltransferase KMT2D gene expression. VPA induced hypomethylation of H3K9me2, which is associated with gene silencing, and concomitant with the demethylase KDM3A, it increased gene expression. Although VPA induces increased H3K27me/me3 levels, it is suggested that the role of the methyltransferase EZH2 in this context could be affected by interactions with this drug. CONCLUSION Histone FTIR spectra were not affected by VPA under present experimental conditions. Whether our epigenetic results are consistent with VPA affecting the aggressive tumorous state of HeLa cells, further investigation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Amorim Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silveira Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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9
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Barciszewska AM, Belter A, Gawrońska I, Giel-Pietraszuk M, Naskręt-Barciszewska MZ. Cross-reactivity between histone demethylase inhibitor valproic acid and DNA methylation in glioblastoma cell lines. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1033035. [PMID: 36465345 PMCID: PMC9709419 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, valproic acid (VPA) is known as an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (epigenetic drug) and is used for the clinical treatment of epileptic events in the course of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Which improves the clinical outcome of those patients. We analyzed the level of 5-methylcytosine, a DNA epigenetic modulator, and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine, an cellular oxidative damage marker, affected with VPA administration, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), of glioma (T98G, U118, U138), other cancer (HeLa), and normal (HaCaT) cell lines. We observed the VPA dose-dependent changes in the total DNA methylation in neoplastic cell lines and the lack of such an effect in a normal cell line. VPA at high concentrations (250-500 μM) induced hypermethylation of DNA in a short time frame. However, the exposition of GBM cells to the combination of VPA and TMZ resulted in DNA hypomethylation. At the same time, we observed an increase of genomic 8-oxo-dG, which as a hydroxyl radical reaction product with guanosine residue in DNA suggests a red-ox imbalance in the cancer cells and radical damage of DNA. Our data show that VPA as an HDAC inhibitor does not induce changes only in histone acetylation, but also changes in the state of DNA modification. It shows cross-reactivity between chromatin remodeling due to histone acetylation and DNA methylation. Finally, total DNA cytosine methylation and guanosine oxidation changes in glioma cell lines under VPA treatment suggest a new epigenetic mechanism of that drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Barciszewska
- Intraoperative Imaging Unit, Chair and Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Karol Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Heliodor Swiecicki Clinical Hospital, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Belter
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Gawrońska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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10
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Volpatti JR, Ghahramani-Seno MM, Mansat M, Sabha N, Sarikaya E, Goodman SJ, Chater-Diehl E, Celik A, Pannia E, Froment C, Combes-Soia L, Maani N, Yuki KE, Chicanne G, Uusküla-Reimand L, Monis S, Alvi SA, Genetti CA, Payrastre B, Beggs AH, Bonnemann CG, Muntoni F, Wilson MD, Weksberg R, Viaud J, Dowling JJ. X-linked myotubular myopathy is associated with epigenetic alterations and is ameliorated by HDAC inhibition. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:537-563. [PMID: 35844027 PMCID: PMC9381459 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder caused by loss of function mutations in MTM1. At present, there are no directed therapies for XLMTM, and incomplete understanding of disease pathomechanisms. To address these knowledge gaps, we performed a drug screen in mtm1 mutant zebrafish and identified four positive hits, including valproic acid, which functions as a potent suppressor of the mtm1 zebrafish phenotype via HDAC inhibition. We translated these findings to a mouse XLMTM model, and showed that valproic acid ameliorates the murine phenotype. These observations led us to interrogate the epigenome in Mtm1 knockout mice; we found increased DNA methylation, which is normalized with valproic acid, and likely mediated through aberrant 1-carbon metabolism. Finally, we made the unexpected observation that XLMTM patients share a distinct DNA methylation signature, suggesting that epigenetic alteration is a conserved disease feature amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/drug therapy
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/genetics
- Myopathies, Structural, Congenital/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Non-Receptor/metabolism
- Valproic Acid/metabolism
- Valproic Acid/pharmacology
- Zebrafish/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Volpatti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mehdi M Ghahramani-Seno
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Mélanie Mansat
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Nesrin Sabha
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ege Sarikaya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sarah J Goodman
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Eric Chater-Diehl
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Alper Celik
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Emanuela Pannia
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Carine Froment
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Combes-Soia
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nika Maani
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kyoko E Yuki
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Liis Uusküla-Reimand
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Simon Monis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sana Akhtar Alvi
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Casie A Genetti
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Alan H Beggs
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten G Bonnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Julien Viaud
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (I2MC), INSERM, UMR-S U1297 and University of Toulouse III, CHU-Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - James J Dowling
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada.
- Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
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11
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The Cannabis-Induced Epigenetic Regulation of Genes Associated with Major Depressive Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081435. [PMID: 36011346 PMCID: PMC9407536 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of depression is increasing worldwide, as is the number of people suffering from treatment-resistant depression; these patients constitute 30% of those treated. Unfortunately, there have not been significant advances in the treatment of this disorder in the past few decades. Exposure to cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds impacts depression symptomatology in different ways, with evidence indicating that cannabidiol has antidepressant effects; there have been mixed results with medical cannabis. Even though the exact molecular mechanisms of the action underlying changes in depression symptomatology upon exposure to cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds are still unknown, there is strong evidence that these agents have a widespread impact on epigenetic regulation. We hypothesized that exposure to cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds changes the DNA methylation levels of genes associated with depression. To test this hypothesis, we first performed a literature search to identify genes that are differentially methylated upon exposure to cannabis and cannabis-derived compounds, as reported in methylome-wide association studies. We next checked whether genes residing in loci associated with depression, as identified in the largest currently available genome-wide association study of depression, were reported to be epigenetically regulated by cannabis or cannabis-related compounds. Multiple genes residing in loci associated with depression were found to be epigenetically regulated by exposure to cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds. This epigenomic regulation of depression-associated genes by cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds was reported across diverse organisms, tissues, and developmental stages and occurred in genes crucial for neuronal development, functioning, survival, and synapse functioning, as well as in genes previously implicated in other mental disorders.
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12
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Zhang Y, Lim D, Cai Z, Peng J, Jia B, Chu G, Zhang F, Dong C, Feng Z. Valproic acid counteracts polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-induced tumorigenic effects by regulating the polarization of macrophages. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113779. [PMID: 35751934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, causing a variety of harm to human health. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of how valproic acid (VPA) interferes with the carcinogenesis of PAHs protect normal tissues via the regulation of macrophages' function. Using the established model of transformed malignant breast cancer by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a representative PAH carcinogen, we discovered VPA induces the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype in the tumor tissues, facilitates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α, activates CD8+ T cells to secret Granzyme B thus to promote the apoptosis of tumor cells and suppresses the viability of vascular endothelial cells in tissue stroma of tumor. Surprisingly, VPA selectively induces macrophages to polarize towards the M2 phenotype in normal tissues and promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 to enhance cell proliferation. Additionally, at the cellular level, VPA can directly regulate the polarization of macrophages to affect the growth of vascular endothelial cells by simulating the living conditions of tumor and normal cells. Collectively, VPA exerts an interventional effect on tumor growth and a protective effect on normal tissues by regulation of selective macrophages' polarization in their microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - David Lim
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zuchao Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Junxuan Peng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Beidi Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guoliang Chu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhihui Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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13
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Wang X, Wu J, Wang W, Zhang Y, He D, Xiao B, Zhang H, Song A, Xing Y, Li B. Reprogramming of Rat Fibroblasts into Induced Neurons by Small-Molecule Compounds In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:2099-2109. [PMID: 35723446 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement is a promising approach for neurodegenerative disease treatment. Somatic cells such as fibroblasts can be induced to differentiate into neurons by specific transcription factors; however, the potential of viral vectors used for reprogramming to integrate into the genome raises concerns about the potential clinical applications of this approach. Here, we directly reprogrammed rat embryonic skin fibroblasts into induced neurons (iNs) via six small-molecule compounds (SMs) (VPA, CHIR99021, forskolin, Y-27632, Repsox, and P7C3-A20). iNs exhibit typical neuronal morphology, and immunofluorescence showed that more than 96% of the iNs expressed the early neuronal marker class III beta-tubulin (TUJ1) and that more than 91% of iNs expressed the mature neuronal marker neuron-specific enolase (NSE) after 10 days of reprogramming. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction also showed that most iNs expressed the dopaminergic neuron marker tyrosine hydroxylase, the neural marker Nur correlation factor 1, the (γ-aminobutyric acid, GABA) GABAergic neuronal marker GABA, and the cholinergic neuron marker choline acetyltransferase. In addition, we found that cell proliferation decreased during reprogramming and that protein synthesis increased initially and then decreased. SMs were mixed with hydrogels, and the hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously into the backs of rats. After 7 days, the TUJ1 and NSE proteins were expressed in surrounding tissues, indicating that SMs caused reprogramming in vivo. In summary, rat skin fibroblasts can be efficiently reprogrammed into iNs by SMs in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yuanwang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Dixin He
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Boying Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Anqi Song
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000 Henan, P.R. China
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14
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Gopinathan G, Diekwisch TGH. Epigenetics and Early Development. J Dev Biol 2022; 10:jdb10020026. [PMID: 35735917 PMCID: PMC9225096 DOI: 10.3390/jdb10020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The epigenome controls all aspect of eukaryotic development as the packaging of DNA greatly affects gene expression. Epigenetic changes are reversible and do not affect the DNA sequence itself but rather control levels of gene expression. As a result, the science of epigenetics focuses on the physical configuration of chromatin in the proximity of gene promoters rather than on the mechanistic effects of gene sequences on transcription and translation. In the present review we discuss three prominent epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation/acetylation, and the effects of chromatin remodeling complexes. Specifically, we introduce changes to the methylated state of DNA through DNA methyltransferases and DNA demethylases, discuss the effects of histone tail modifications such as histone acetylation and methylation on gene expression and present the functions of major ATPase subunit containing chromatin remodeling complexes. We also introduce examples of how changes in these epigenetic factors affect early development in humans and mice. In summary, this review provides an overview over the most important epigenetic mechanisms and provides examples of the dramatic effects of epigenetic changes in early mammalian development.
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15
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Damanskienė E, Balnytė I, Valančiūtė A, Alonso MM, Stakišaitis D. Different Effects of Valproic Acid on SLC12A2, SLC12A5 and SLC5A8 Gene Expression in Pediatric Glioblastoma Cells as an Approach to Personalised Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050968. [PMID: 35625705 PMCID: PMC9138981 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with sex-specific immunomodulatory and anticancer effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 0.5 and 0.75 mM VPA on NKCC1 (SLC12A2), KCC2 (SLC12A5) and SLC5A8 (SLC5A8) co-transporter gene expressions in pediatric PBT24 (boy’s) and SF8628 (girl’s) glioblastoma cells. The SLC12A2, SLC12A5 and SLC5A8 RNA expressions were determined by the RT-PCR method. The SLC12A2 and SLC5A8 expressions did not differ between the PBT24 and SF8628 controls. The SLC12A5 expression in the PBT24 control was significantly higher than in the SF8628 control. VPA treatment significantly increased the expression of SLC12A2 in PBT24 but did not affect SF8628 cells. VPA increased the SLC12A5 expression in PBT24 and SF8628 cells. The SLC12A5 expression of the PBT24-treated cells was significantly higher than in corresponding SF8628 groups. Both VPA doses increased the SLC5A8 expression in PBT24 and SF8628 cells, but the expression was significantly higher in the PBT24-treated, compared to the respective SF8628 groups. The SLC5A8 expression in PBT24-treated cells was 10-fold higher than in SF8628 cells. The distinct effects of VPA on the expression of SLC12A2, SLC12A5 and SLC5A8 in PBT24 and SF8628 glioblastoma cells suggest differences in tumor cell biology that may be gender-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eligija Damanskienė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.D.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.D.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.D.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
| | - Marta Marija Alonso
- Department of Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (E.D.); (I.B.); (A.V.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
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16
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Stakišaitis D, Kapočius L, Valančiūtė A, Balnytė I, Tamošuitis T, Vaitkevičius A, Sužiedėlis K, Urbonienė D, Tatarūnas V, Kilimaitė E, Gečys D, Lesauskaitė V. SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Sex-Related Differences, and a Possible Personalized Treatment Approach with Valproic Acid: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050962. [PMID: 35625699 PMCID: PMC9138665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences identified in the COVID-19 pandemic are necessary to study. It is essential to investigate the efficacy of the drugs in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, and to analyse the sex-related beneficial and adverse effects. The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) is a potential drug that could be adapted to prevent the progression and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection. VPA has a history of research in the treatment of various viral infections. This article reviews the preclinical data, showing that the pharmacological impact of VPA may apply to COVID-19 pathogenetic mechanisms. VPA inhibits SARS-CoV-2 virus entry, suppresses the pro-inflammatory immune cell and cytokine response to infection, and reduces inflammatory tissue and organ damage by mechanisms that may appear to be sex-related. The antithrombotic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, glucose- and testosterone-lowering in blood serum effects of VPA suggest that the drug could be promising for therapy of COVID-19. Sex-related differences in the efficacy of VPA treatment may be significant in developing a personalised treatment strategy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatas Stakišaitis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (V.L.)
| | - Linas Kapočius
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Tomas Tamošuitis
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Arūnas Vaitkevičius
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Kęstutis Sužiedėlis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Daiva Urbonienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Vacis Tatarūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Evelina Kilimaitė
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania; (L.K.); (A.V.); (I.B.); (E.K.)
| | - Dovydas Gečys
- Institute of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (D.G.)
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu Ave., 50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (V.T.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (V.L.)
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17
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Overcoming addiction stigma: Epigenetic contributions to substance use disorders and opportunities for intervention. Neuron 2022; 110:1611-1614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Enhancement of cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris culture by epigenetic modification. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:581-593. [PMID: 35262812 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03241-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) is a nucleoside analogue and biosynthesised by Cordyceps militaris, an entomopathogenic fungus. In this study, an epigenetic modifier was applied to static liquid cultures to enhance cordycepin production. C. militaris was cultured in a static liquid culture, and valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, was supplemented in order to modifying the epigenetic status. Gene regulatory network was explored to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cordycepin production. 50 micromolar of VPA enhanced cordycepin production by 41.187% via the upregulation of 5'-nucleotidase, adenylate kinase, phosphorybosyltransferase, Cns1, Cns2, Cnsa3, and Cns4 of C. militaris for at least 2 days after VPA treatment. The maximum production of cordycepin was 2,835.32 ± 34.35 mg/L in 400 mL-working volume. A scaled-up culture was established with a working volume of 10 L, which led to the slight decrease of cordycepin production. This might due to multifactorial effects, for instance limited aeration and an uneven dispersion of nutrients in the culture system. This scaled-up culture was still needed further optimization. The modification of epigenetic status by VPA significantly enhanced cordycepin production by altering key gene regulatory network of C. militaris. The strategy established in this study might be applicable to other microorganism culture in order to improving the production of bioactive compounds. This work aimed to enhance the production of cordycepin by modifying the epigenetic status of C. militaris, in which subsequently altered gene regulatory network of cordycepin biosynthesis pathway. The weekly supplementation of valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, significantly improve cordycepin production over 40%, compared to the untreated control, and the gene regulatory network of C. militaris was also adapted.
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Collins NJ, Zimmerman CW, Phillips NLH, Fern S, Doherty TS, Roth TL. Developmental administration of valproic acid alters DNA methylation and maternal behavior. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22231. [PMID: 35312054 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to adversity in early development has powerful and potentially lasting consequences on behavior. Previous work in our laboratory using female Long-Evans rats has demonstrated that exposure to early-life maltreatment manifests into alterations in dam behavior, including a perpetuation of the maltreatment phenotype. These observed behavioral changes coincide with changes in epigenetic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Further, treating dams with a chromatin modifying agent (Zebularine) normalizes methylation and maltreatment phenotypes, suggesting a link between epigenetic programming and phenotypic outcomes. Here, we sought to investigate if administration of a chromatin modifying agent concurrent with the experience of maltreatment normalizes epigenetic activity associated with maltreatment and alters behavioral trajectories. Administration of valproic acid (VPA) transiently lowered levels of global DNA methylation in the PFC, regardless of exposure to nurturing care or maltreatment. When VPA-exposed animals reached adulthood, they engaged in more adverse behaviors toward their offspring. These data provide further evidence linking epigenetic changes in the developing brain with effects on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Collins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Catherine W Zimmerman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Natalia L H Phillips
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Samantha Fern
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Tiffany S Doherty
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Tania L Roth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Juknevičienė M, Balnytė I, Valančiūtė A, Stanevičiūtė J, Sužiedėlis K, Stakišaitis D. The effect of valproic acid on SLC5A8 expression in gonad-intact and gonadectomized rat thymocytes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:20587384211051954. [PMID: 35120418 PMCID: PMC8819739 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211051954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA) pharmacological mechanisms are related to the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. VPA is a histone deacetylases inhibitor and serves a role in its immunomodulatory impacts. VPA has complex effects on immune cell's mitochondrial metabolism. The SLC5A8 transporter of short fatty acids has an active role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism. The study aimed to investigate whether SLC5A8 expresses the sex-related difference and how SLC5A8 expression depends on gonadal hormones, VPA treatment, and NKCC1 expression in rat thymocytes. METHODS Control groups and VPA-treated gonad-intact and gonadectomized Wistar male and female rats were investigated (n = 6 in a group). The VPA 300 mg/kg/day in drinking water was given for 4 weeks. The SLC5A8 (Slc5a8 gene) and NKCC1 (Slc12a2 gene) RNA expressions were determined by the RT-PCR method. RESULTS The higher Slc5a8 expression was found in the gonad-intact males than respective females (p = 0.004). VPA treatment decreased the Slc5a8 expression in gonad-intact and castrated males (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively), and increased in gonad-intact female rats compared to their control (p = 0.03). No significant difference in the Slc5a8 expression between the ovariectomized female control and VPA-treated females was determined (p > 0.05). VPA treatment alters the correlation between Slc5a8 and Slc12a2 gene expression in thymocytes of gonad-intact rats. CONCLUSION VPA effect on the Slc5a8 expression in rat thymocytes is gender- and gonadal hormone-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milda Juknevičienė
- Department of Histology and
Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health
Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Balnytė
- Department of Histology and
Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health
Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Angelija Valančiūtė
- Department of Histology and
Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health
Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Stanevičiūtė
- Department of Histology and
Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health
Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kęstutis Sužiedėlis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer
Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donatas Stakišaitis
- Department of Histology and
Embryology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health
Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer
Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
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21
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Cayir A. RNA modifications as emerging therapeutic targets. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2021; 13:e1702. [PMID: 34816607 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The field of epitranscriptome, posttranscriptional modifications to RNAs, is still growing up and has presented substantial evidences for the role of RNA modifications in diseases. In terms of new drug development, RNA modifications have a great promise for therapy. For example, more than 170 type of modifications exist in various types of RNAs. Regulatory genes and their roles in critical biological process have been identified and they are associated with several diseases. Current data, for example, identification of inhibitors targeting RNA modifications regulatory genes, strongly support the idea that RNA modifications have potential as emerging therapeutic targets. Therefore, in this review, RNA modifications and regulatory genes were comprehensively documented in terms of drug development by summarizing the findings from previous studies. It was discussed how RNA modifications or regulatory genes can be targeted by altering molecular mechanisms. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Cayir
- Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey.,Akershus Universitetssykehus, Medical Department, Lørenskog, Norway
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22
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Singh D, Gupta S, Verma I, Morsy MA, Nair AB, Ahmed ASF. Hidden pharmacological activities of valproic acid: A new insight. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112021. [PMID: 34463268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is an approved drug for managing epileptic seizures, bipolar disorders, and migraine. VPA has been shown to elevate the level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain through competitive inhibition of GABA transaminase, thus promoting the availability of synaptic GABA and facilitating GABA-mediated responses. VPA, which is a small chain of fatty acids, prevents histone deacetylases (HDACs). HDACs play a crucial role in chromatin remodeling and gene expression through posttranslational changes of chromatin-associated histones. Recent studies reported a possible effect of VPA against particular types of cancers. This effect was partially attributed to its role in regulating epigenetic modifications through the inhibition of HDACs, which affect the expression of genes associated with cell cycle control, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the current information on the actions of VPA in diseases such as diabetes mellitus, kidney disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India.
| | - Inderjeet Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, M.M. College of Pharmacy, M.M. (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Al-Shaimaa F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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23
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Zhang H, Lu P, Tang HL, Yan HJ, Jiang W, Shi H, Chen SY, Gao MM, Zeng XD, Long YS. Valproate-Induced Epigenetic Upregulation of Hypothalamic Fto Expression Potentially Linked with Weight Gain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1257-1269. [PMID: 32500354 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA), a widely-used antiepileptic drug, is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that play important roles in epigenetic regulation. The patient with different diseases receiving this drug tend to exhibit weight gain and abnormal metabolic phenotypes, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that VPA increases the Fto mRNA and protein expression in mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Interestingly, VPA promotes histone H3/H4 acetylation and the FTO expression which could be reversed by C646, an inhibitor for histone acetyltransferase. Furthermore, VPA weakens the FTO's binding and enhances the binding of transcription factor TAF1 to the Fto promoter, and C646 leads to reverse effect of the VPA, suggesting an involvement of the dynamic of histone H3/H4 acetylation in the regulation of FTO expression. In addition, the mice exhibit an increase in the food intake and body weight at the beginning of 2-week treatment with VPA. Simultaneously, in the hypothalamus of the VPA-treated mice, the FTO expression is upregulated and the H3/H4 acetylation is increased; further the FTO's binding to the Fto promoter is decreased and the TAF1's binding to the promoter is enhanced, suggesting that VPA promotes the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery of the Fto gene. Finally, the inhibitor C646 could restore the effects of VPA on FTO expression, H3/H4 acetylation, body weight, and food intake; and loss of FTO could reverse the VPA-induced increase of body weight and food intake. Taken together, this study suggests an involvement of VPA in the epigenetic upregulation of hypothalamic FTO expression that is potentially associated with the VPA-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua-Juan Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiang-Da Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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24
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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25
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Mello MLS. Sodium Valproate-Induced Chromatin Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645518. [PMID: 33959607 PMCID: PMC8093769 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA), a drug originally prescribed as an anticonvulsant, has been widely reported to act on epigenetic marks by inducing histone acetylation, affecting the DNA and histone methylation status, and altering the expression of transcription factors, thus leading to modulation of gene expression. All these epigenetic changes have been associated with chromatin remodeling effects. The present minireview briefly reports the main effects of VPA on chromatin and image analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy in association with molecular biology methodological approaches to investigate the VPA-induced changes in chromatin structure and at the higher-order supraorganizational level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza S. Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, Brazil
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26
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Bassani A, Rocha MA, Rodrigues VLC, Santos DS, Nascimento JD, da Rosa JA, Mello MLS. Effects of sodium valproate on the chromatin of Triatoma infestans (Klug, 1834) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) under in vitro culture conditions. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151695. [PMID: 33571696 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sodium valproate (VPA) is a classic anticonvulsive, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and a chromatin remodeling inducer. When injected into specimens of Triatoma infestans, a vector of Chagas disease, VPA affects the chromatin supraorganization of chromocenter heterochromatin in only a few cells of the Malpighian tubules. To test whether this result was explained by the inaccessibility of all of the organ's cells to the drug, we investigated the nuclear phenotypes and global acetylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 (H3K9ac) in Malpighian tubules cultivated in vitro for 1-24 h in the presence of 0.05 mM-1 mM VPA. The present results revealed that the chromatin decondensation event in the chromocenter body, which was detected only under low VPA concentrations up to a 4-h treatment, was not frequent during organ culture, similar to the results for injected insects. Cultivation of T. infestans Malpighian tubules in vitro for 24 h revealed inadequate for cell preservation even in the absence of the drug. Immunofluorescence signals for H3K9ac following VPA treatment showed a slightly increased intensity in the euchromatin, but were never detected in the chromocenter bodies, except with great intensity at their periphery, where the 18S rDNA is located. In conclusion, when VPA affects the chromocenter heterochromatin in this animal cell model, it occurs through a pathway that excludes a classic global H3K9ac mark. Investigation of nonhistone proteins associated with histone methylation marks is still required to further explain the differential response of T. infestans chromatin to VPA.
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27
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Chan F, Liu J. Molecular regulation of brain metabolism underlying circadian epilepsy. Epilepsia 2021; 62 Suppl 1:S32-S48. [PMID: 33395505 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive study has demonstrated that epilepsy occurs with greater frequency at certain times in the 24-h cycle. Although these findings implicate an overlap between the circadian rhythm and epilepsy, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this circadian regulation are poorly understood. Because the 24-h rhythm is generated by the circadian molecular system, it is not surprising that this system comprised of many circadian genes is implicated in epilepsy. We summarized evidence in the literature implicating various circadian genes such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Rev-erb⍺, and Ror⍺ in epilepsy. In various animal models of epilepsy, the circadian oscillation and the steady-state level of these genes are disrupted. The downstream pathway of these genes involves a large number of metabolic pathways associated with epilepsy. These pathways include pyridoxal metabolism, the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and the regulation of redox state. We propose that disruption of these metabolic pathways could mediate the circadian regulation of epilepsy. A greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanism of circadian regulation of epilepsy would enable us to precisely target the circadian disruption in epilepsy for a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Chan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Judy Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Neurology, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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28
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Mohammadzadeh N, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Xu S, Al-Rasadi K, Sahebkar A. Statins: Epidrugs with effects on endothelial health? Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13388. [PMID: 32854143 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic events involving the methylation of CpG cites in DNA, histone modifications and noncoding RNAs correlated with many essential processes in human cells and diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins)-the LDL cholesterol-lowering drugs-are broadly used in cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases. It is well established that statins exert pleiotropic functions, but how they exert effects on epigenetic modifications independently of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition is not yet clear. Thereby, understanding these mechanisms may pave the way for further clinical application of statin therapy. DESIGN Following and electronic database search, studies reporting substantial effects of statins on epigenetic reprogramming in both cultured cells and in vivo models were retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in cellular development and function, and data collected in the past few years have revealed that many of the pleiotropic properties of statins are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, those 'nonclassical' effects are not limited to CV field but they would extend to other conditions such as malignancies. CONCLUSION This review suggests that the epigenetic effects of statins mediate, at least in part, the pleiotropic actions of these drugs but further validation of such effects in clinical studies is yet to be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, Genoa, Italy.,First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Suowen Xu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
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29
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Kowalski TW, Gomes JDA, Feira MF, Dupont ÁDV, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Vianna FSL. Anticonvulsants and Chromatin-Genes Expression: A Systems Biology Investigation. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:591196. [PMID: 33328862 PMCID: PMC7732676 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.591196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryofetal development is a critical process that needs a strict epigenetic control, however, perturbations in this balance might lead to the occurrence of congenital anomalies. It is known that anticonvulsants potentially affect epigenetics-related genes, however, it is not comprehended whether this unbalance could explain the anticonvulsants-induced fetal syndromes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of epigenetics-related genes in valproic acid, carbamazepine, or phenytoin exposure. We selected these three anticonvulsants exposure assays, which used murine or human embryonic stem-cells and were publicly available in genomic databases. We performed a differential gene expression (DGE) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), focusing on epigenetics-related genes. Few epigenetics genes were differentially expressed in the anticonvulsants' exposure, however, the WGCNA strategy demonstrated a high enrichment of chromatin remodeling genes for the three drugs. We also identified an association of 46 genes related to Fetal Valproate Syndrome, containing SMARCA2 and SMARCA4, and nine genes to Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome, including PAX6, NEUROD1, and TSHZ1. The evaluation of stem-cells under drug exposure can bring many insights to understand the drug-induced damage to the embryofetal development. The candidate genes here presented are potential biomarkers that could help in future strategies for the prevention of congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Postgraduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National System of Information on Teratogenic Agents (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia do Amaral Gomes
- Postgraduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National System of Information on Teratogenic Agents (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariléa Furtado Feira
- Postgraduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ágata de Vargas Dupont
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Postgraduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunobiology and Immunogenetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Population Medical Genetics (INAGEMP), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National System of Information on Teratogenic Agents (SIAT), Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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30
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Mucke HA. Drug Repurposing Patent Applications October–December 2019. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2020.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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31
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de Campos Vidal B, Mello MLS. Sodium valproate (VPA) interactions with DNA and histones. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:219-231. [PMID: 32619665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid/sodium valproate (VPA) constitutes a widely prescribed drug for the treatment of seizure disorders and is a well-known epigenetic agent, inducing the acetylation of histones and affecting the methylation status of DNA and histones, with consequences on gene expression. Because this drug has been recently reported to exert affinity for histone H1, and to a minor degree for DNA, in this work, we investigated a possible interaction of sodium valproate with DNA and histones H1 and H3 using high-performance polarization microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The preparations under examination consisted of hemispheres resulting from drop-casting samples containing VPA-DNA and VPA-histone mixtures. The results indicated that VPA may interact with DNA and histones, inducing changes in the textural superstructure and molecular order of the DNA possibly through van der Waals forces, and in histone H1 and H3 conformations, probably as a result of electrostatic binding between the drug and protein amino acid residues. These results contribute to a better understanding of the pharmacological potential of VPA. The precise sites and mechanisms involved in these interactions would certainly benefit from investigations provided by complementary methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicto de Campos Vidal
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza S Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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32
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Helgudottir SS, Routhe LJ, Burkhart A, Jønsson K, Pedersen IS, Lichota J, Moos T. Epigenetic Regulation of Ferroportin in Primary Cultures of the Rat Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3526-3539. [PMID: 32542592 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ferroportin plays an essential role for iron transport through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). To maintain the integrity of the BBB, the BCECs gain support from pericytes and astrocytes, which together with neurons form the neurovascular unit (NVU). The objectives of the present study were to investigate ferroportin expression in primary cells of the NVU and to determine if ferroportin mRNA (Fpn) expression is epigenetically regulated. Primary rat BCECs, pericytes, astrocytes, and neurons all expressed ferroportin mRNA at varying levels, with BCECs exhibiting the highest expression of Fpn, peaking when co-cultured but examined separately from astrocytes. Conversely, Fpn expression was lowest in isolated astrocytes, which correlated with high DNA methylation in their Slc40a1 promoter. To provide further evidence for epigenetic regulation, mono-cultured BCECs, pericytes, and astrocytes were treated with the histone deacetylase inhibitors valproic acid (VPA) and sodium butyrate (SB), which significantly increased Fpn and ferroportin protein in BCECs and pericytes. Furthermore, 59Fe export from BCECs was elevated after treatment with VPA. In conclusion, we present first time evidence stating that Fpn expression is epigenetically regulated in BCECs, which may have implications for pharmacological induction of iron transport through the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steinunn Sara Helgudottir
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fr. Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lisa J Routhe
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fr. Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Annette Burkhart
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fr. Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Katrine Jønsson
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge S Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jacek Lichota
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fr. Bajers Vej 7E, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Torben Moos
- Neurobiology Research and Drug Delivery (NRD) Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Fr. Bajers Vej 3B, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Abstract
Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of disabling headaches, often accompanied by sensory and motor disturbances. Clinical manifestations of migraine are influenced by dietary behaviors and dietary elements. Several dietary triggers for migraine have been identified, leading to the definition of strategies such as elimination diets, ketogenic diets, and comprehensive diets, mainly to help prevent migraine. Although inconsistency is present in the literature and no consensus exists, the available data are promising in supporting beneficial dietary interventions for some migraine patients. Several factors influence the net outcome, including age, sex, genetics, and environmental factors. Advancement in understanding the underlying mechanisms of migraine pathogenesis and how dietary factors can interfere with those mechanisms has encouraged investigators to consider diet as a disease-modifying agent, which may also interfere with the gut–brain axis or the epigenetics of migraine. Future work holds potential for phenotyping migraine patients and offering personalized recommendations in line with biopsychosocial models for the management of migraine. Diet, as an important element of lifestyle, is a modifiable aspect that needs further attention. Well-designed, systematic, and mechanism-driven dietary research is needed to provide evidence-based dietary recommendations specific to migraine. This narrative review aims to present the current status and future perspective on diet and migraine, in order to stimulate further research and awareness.
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Lu Y, Chan YT, Tan HY, Li S, Wang N, Feng Y. Epigenetic regulation in human cancer: the potential role of epi-drug in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:79. [PMID: 32340605 PMCID: PMC7184703 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is dynamic and heritable modifications to the genome that occur independently of DNA sequence. It requires interactions cohesively with various enzymes and other molecular components. Aberrant epigenetic alterations can lead to inappropriate onset of genetic expressions and promote tumorigenesis. As the epigenetic modifiers are susceptible to extrinsic factors and reversible, they are becoming promising targets in multiple cancer therapies. Recently, various epi-drugs have been developed and implicated in clinical use. The use of epi-drugs alone, or in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, has shown compelling outcomes, including augmentation of anti-tumoral effects, overcoming drug resistance, and activation of host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 10 Sassoon Road, Pofulam, 000000, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region of China.
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Romoli M, Mazzocchetti P, D'Alonzo R, Siliquini S, Rinaldi VE, Verrotti A, Calabresi P, Costa C. Valproic Acid and Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidences. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:926-946. [PMID: 30592252 PMCID: PMC7052829 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181227165722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the most efficient antiepi-leptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a very broad spectrum of actions, including the regu-lation of ionic currents and the facilitation of GABAergic over glutamatergic transmission. As a result, VPA indirectly mod-ulates neurotransmitter release and strengthens the threshold for seizure activity. However, even though participating to the anticonvulsant action, such mechanisms seem to have minor impact on epileptogenesis. Nonetheless, VPA has been reported to exert anti-epileptogenic effects. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), BDNF and GDNF modulation are pivotal to orientate neurons toward a neuroprotective status and promote dendritic spines organization. From such broad spectrum of actions comes constantly enlarging indications for VPA. It represents a drug of choice in child and adult with epilepsy, with either general or focal seizures, and is a consistent and safe IV option in generalized convulsive sta-tus epilepticus. Moreover, since VPA modulates DNA transcription through HDACs, recent evidences point to its use as an anti-nociceptive in migraine prophylaxis, and, even more interestingly, as a positive modulator of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Furthermore, VPA-induced neuroprotection is under investigation for benefit in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Hence, VPA has still got its place in epilepsy, and yet deserves attention for its use far beyond neurological diseases. In this review, we aim to highlight, with a translational intent, the molecular basis and the clinical indications of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Renato D'Alonzo
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Elisa Rinaldi
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila - San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.,IRCCS "Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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Delacrétaz A, Glatard A, Dubath C, Gholam-Rezaee M, Sanchez-Mut JV, Gräff J, von Gunten A, Conus P, Eap CB. Psychotropic drug-induced genetic-epigenetic modulation of CRTC1 gene is associated with early weight gain in a prospective study of psychiatric patients. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:198. [PMID: 31878957 PMCID: PMC6933694 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic side effects induced by psychotropic drugs represent a major health issue in psychiatry. CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) gene plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and epigenetic mechanisms may explain its association with obesity features previously described in psychiatric patients. This prospective study included 78 patients receiving psychotropic drugs that induce metabolic disturbances, with weight and other metabolic parameters monitored regularly. Methylation levels in 76 CRTC1 probes were assessed before and after 1 month of psychotropic treatment in blood samples. RESULTS Significant methylation changes were observed in three CRTC1 CpG sites (i.e., cg07015183, cg12034943, and cg 17006757) in patients with early and important weight gain (i.e., equal or higher than 5% after 1 month; FDR p value = 0.02). Multivariable models showed that methylation decrease in cg12034943 was more important in patients with early weight gain (≥ 5%) than in those who did not gain weight (p = 0.01). Further analyses combining genetic and methylation data showed that cg12034943 was significantly associated with early weight gain in patients carrying the G allele of rs4808844A>G (p = 0.03), a SNP associated with this methylation site (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings give new insights on psychotropic-induced weight gain and underline the need of future larger prospective epigenetic studies to better understand the complex pathways involved in psychotropic-induced metabolic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Delacrétaz
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Glatard
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Céline Dubath
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam-Rezaee
- Centre of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Jose Vicente Sanchez-Mut
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Gräff
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Armin von Gunten
- Service of Old Age Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Chin B Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Legoff L, D’Cruz SC, Tevosian S, Primig M, Smagulova F. Transgenerational Inheritance of Environmentally Induced Epigenetic Alterations during Mammalian Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121559. [PMID: 31816913 PMCID: PMC6953051 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies traditionally focus on DNA as the molecule that passes information on from parents to their offspring. Changes in the DNA code alter heritable information and can more or less severely affect the progeny's phenotype. While the idea that information can be inherited between generations independently of the DNA's nucleotide sequence is not new, the outcome of recent studies provides a mechanistic foundation for the concept. In this review, we attempt to summarize our current knowledge about the transgenerational inheritance of environmentally induced epigenetic changes. We focus primarily on studies using mice but refer to other species to illustrate salient points. Some studies support the notion that there is a somatic component within the phenomenon of epigenetic inheritance. However, here, we will mostly focus on gamete-based processes and the primary molecular mechanisms that are thought to contribute to epigenetic inheritance: DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Most of the rodent studies published in the literature suggest that transgenerational epigenetic inheritance through gametes can be modulated by environmental factors. Modification and redistribution of chromatin proteins in gametes is one of the major routes for transmitting epigenetic information from parents to the offspring. Our recent studies provide additional specific cues for this concept and help better understand environmental exposure influences fitness and fidelity in the germline. In summary, environmental cues can induce parental alterations and affect the phenotypes of offspring through gametic epigenetic inheritance. Consequently, epigenetic factors and their heritability should be considered during disease risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Legoff
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Shereen Cynthia D’Cruz
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- University of Florida, Department of Physiological Sciences Box 100144, 1333 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Michael Primig
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail)—UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France; (L.L.); (S.C.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Rocha MA, Veronezi GMB, Felisbino MB, Gatti MSV, Tamashiro WMSC, Mello MLS. Sodium valproate and 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine differentially modulate DNA demethylation in G1 phase-arrested and proliferative HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18236. [PMID: 31796828 PMCID: PMC6890691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium valproate/valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR), a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor, induce DNA demethylation in several cell types. In HeLa cells, although VPA leads to decreased DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC) levels, the demethylation pathway involved in this effect is not fully understood. We investigated this process using flow cytometry, ELISA, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting and RT-qPCR in G1 phase-arrested and proliferative HeLa cells compared to the presumably passive demethylation promoted by 5-aza-CdR. The results revealed that VPA acts predominantly on active DNA demethylation because it induced TET2 gene and protein overexpression, decreased 5mC abundance, and increased 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC) abundance, in both G1-arrested and proliferative cells. However, because VPA caused decreased DNMT1 gene expression levels, it may also act on the passive demethylation pathway. 5-aza-CdR attenuated DNMT1 gene expression levels but increased TET2 and 5hmC abundance in replicating cells, although it did not affect the gene expression of TETs at any stage of the cell cycle. Therefore, 5-aza-CdR may also function in the active pathway. Because VPA reduces DNA methylation levels in non-replicating HeLa cells, it could be tested as a candidate for the therapeutic reversal of DNA methylation in cells in which cell division is arrested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Amorim Rocha
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Maria Breda Veronezi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Barreto Felisbino
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Silvia Viccari Gatti
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wirla M S C Tamashiro
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Silveira Mello
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Fila M, Chojnacki C, Chojnacki J, Blasiak J. Is an "Epigenetic Diet" for Migraines Justified? The Case of Folate and DNA Methylation. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2763. [PMID: 31739474 PMCID: PMC6893742 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraines are a common disease with limited treatment options and some dietary factors are recognized to trigger headaches. Although migraine pathogenesis is not completely known, aberrant DNA methylation has been reported to be associated with its occurrence. Folate, an essential micronutrient involved in one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation, was shown to have beneficial effects on migraines. Moreover, the variability of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, important in both folate metabolism and migraine pathogenesis, modulates the beneficial effects of folate for migraines. Therefore, migraine could be targeted by a folate-rich, DNA methylation-directed diet, but there are no data showing that beneficial effects of folate consumption result from its epigenetic action. Furthermore, contrary to epigenetic drugs, epigenetic diets contain many compounds, some yet unidentified, with poorly known or completely unknown potential to interfere with the epigenetic action of the main dietary components. The application of epigenetic diets for migraines and other diseases requires its personalization to the epigenetic profile of a patient, which is largely unknown. Results obtained so far do not warrant the recommendation of any epigenetic diet as effective in migraine prevention and therapy. Further studies including a folate-rich diet fortified with valproic acid, another modifier of epigenetic profile effective in migraine prophylaxis, may help to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fila
- Department of Neurology, Polish Mother Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Lu A, Wang J, Sun W, Huang W, Cai Z, Zhao G, Wang J. Reprogrammable CRISPR/dCas9-based recruitment of DNMT1 for site-specific DNA demethylation and gene regulation. Cell Discov 2019; 5:22. [PMID: 31016028 PMCID: PMC6465405 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-019-0090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anrui Lu
- 1Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518039 China.,2The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Jingman Wang
- 1Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518039 China.,2The State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Weihong Sun
- 3Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Weiren Huang
- 1Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518039 China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035 China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- 1Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518039 China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, 518035 China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- 5Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jin Wang
- 1Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518039 China.,6College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 China
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Exploring the Drug Repurposing Versatility of Valproic Acid as a Multifunctional Regulator of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells. J Immunol Res 2019; 2019:9678098. [PMID: 31001564 PMCID: PMC6437734 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9678098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is widely recognized for its use in the control of epilepsy and other neurological disorders in the past 50 years. Recent evidence has shown the potential of VPA in the control of certain cancers, owed in part to its role in modulating epigenetic changes through the inhibition of histone deacetylases, affecting the expression of genes involved in the cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis. The direct impact of VPA in cells of the immune system has only been explored recently. In this review, we discuss the effects of VPA in the suppression of some activation mechanisms in several immune cells that lead to an anti-inflammatory response. As expected, immune cells are not exempt from the effect of VPA, as it also affects the expression of genes of the cell cycle and apoptosis through epigenetic modifications. In addition to inhibiting histone deacetylases, VPA promotes RNA interference, activates histone methyltransferases, or represses the activation of transcription factors. However, during the infectious process, the effectiveness of VPA is subject to the biological nature of the pathogen and the associated immune response; this is because VPA can promote the control or the progression of the infection. Due to its various effects, VPA is a promising alternative for the control of autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity and needs to be further explored.
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Comparison of Different Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Attenuating Inflammatory Pain in Rats. Pain Res Manag 2019; 2019:1648919. [PMID: 30809320 PMCID: PMC6369477 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1648919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), which interfere with the epigenetic process of histone acetylation, have shown analgesic effects in animal models of persistent pain. The HDAC family comprises 18 genes; however, the different effects of distinct classes of HDACIs on pain relief remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of these HDACIs on attenuating thermal hyperalgesia in persistent inflammatory pain. Persistent inflammatory pain was induced by injecting Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the left hind paw of rats. Then, HDACIs targeting class I (entinostat (MS-275)) and class IIa (sodium butyrate, valproic acid (VPA), and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA)), or class II (suberoylanilide hydoxamic acid (SAHA), trichostatin A (TSA), and dacinostat (LAQ824)) were administered intraperitoneally once daily for 3 or 4 days. We found that the injection of SAHA once a day for 3 days significantly attenuated CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia from day 4 and lasted 7 days. In comparison with SAHA, suppression of hyperalgesia by 4-PBA peaked on day 2, whereas that by MS-275 occurred on days 5 and 6. Fatigue was a serious side effect seen with MS-275. These findings will be beneficial for optimizing the selection of specific HDACIs in medical fields such as pain medicine and neuropsychiatry.
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Navarrete-Modesto V, Orozco-Suárez S, Feria-Romero IA, Rocha L. The molecular hallmarks of epigenetic effects mediated by antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Res 2019; 149:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ornoy A, Weinstein-Fudim L, Tfilin M, Ergaz Z, Yanai J, Szyf M, Turgeman G. S-adenosyl methionine prevents ASD like behaviors triggered by early postnatal valproic acid exposure in very young mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2019; 71:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mansour Y, Mangold S, Chosky D, Kulesza RJ. Auditory Midbrain Hypoplasia and Dysmorphology after Prenatal Valproic Acid Exposure. Neuroscience 2019; 396:79-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Rainero I, Vacca A, Roveta F, Govone F, Gai A, Rubino E. Targeting MTHFR for the treatment of migraines. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 23:29-37. [PMID: 30451038 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1549544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder classified by the World Health Organization as one of the most debilitating diseases. Migraine is a complex disease and is a consequence of an interaction between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. The MTHFR gene is one of the few replicated genetic risk factors for migraine and encodes an enzyme that is crucial for the folate and the methionine cycles. Individuals carrying the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have increased plasma concentrations of homocysteine which leads to endothelial cell injury and alterations in coagulant properties of blood. Areas covered: This review focuses on the recent advances in genetics and the role of the MTHFR gene and homocysteine metabolism in migraine etiopathogenesis. The article summarizes the potential of targeting MTHFR and homocysteine for disease prevention. Expert opinion: Determination of MTHFR C677T polymorphisms as well as measurement of homocysteine concentrations may be useful to migraine patients, particularly those suffering from migraine with aura. Preliminary studies support the use of folate, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 for the prevention of migraine. However, the results of these studies await replication in larger randomized controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocenzo Rainero
- a Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Alessandro Vacca
- a Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Fausto Roveta
- a Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Flora Govone
- a Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Annalisa Gai
- a Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
| | - Elisa Rubino
- a Headache Center, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Torino , Torino , Italy
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Chen X, Peng X, Wang L, Fu X, Zhou JX, Zhu B, Luo J, Wang X, Xiao Z. Association of RASgrf1 methylation with epileptic seizures. Oncotarget 2018; 8:46286-46297. [PMID: 28611277 PMCID: PMC5542267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, one of the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, has been suggested to be related with epilepsy. RASgrf1 is a paternally imprinted gene and has a differentially methylated region (DMR) at the promoter that can silence gene expression. We have previously observed the down-regulation of RASgrf1 in the temporal neocortex of epilepsy patients and in the hippocampus of epileptic animals. Here, we further explored the dynamic change (1-day acute period, 10-day latent period and 45-day chronic phase) of DNA methylation and RASgrf1 expression after acute epileptic seizures in kainic acid (KA)-treated mice, and we observed the impact of N-phthalyl-L-tryptophan (RG108), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor, on an acute epileptic model by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting, and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). The results directly showed that the methylation of the RASgrf1 promoter gradually increased and reached a maximal level at the latent period, with subsequent suppression of RASgrf1 mRNA and protein expression levels, which reached a minimum level in the chronic phase. RG108 inhibited the increased methylation of the RASgrf1 gene, with significant inhibition occurring at the latent period, and restored RASgrf1 expression levels in the chronic phase. In addition, we demonstrated that RG108 could suppress acute epileptic seizures in KA-treated mice and epileptic discharges in 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-treated hippocampal slices. These findings demonstrate that RASgrf1 is closely associated with epilepsy via the aberrant methylation of RASgrf1, and regulating the methylation status of relevant genes might be an intriguing topic in future research on epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoni Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, Xi'an Third Hospital, Shanxi 710000, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinwei Fu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan 621000, China
| | - Ji Xiu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Binglin Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Pathak S, Miller J, Morris EC, Stewart WCL, Greenberg DA. DNA methylation of the BRD2 promoter is associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy in Caucasians. Epilepsia 2018; 59:1011-1019. [PMID: 29608786 DOI: 10.1111/epi.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a common adolescent-onset genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) syndrome. Multiple linkage and association studies have found that BRD2 influences the expression of JME. The BRD2-JME connection is further corroborated by our murine model; Brd2 haploinsufficiency produces characteristics that typify the clinical hallmarks of JME. Neither we, nor several large-scale studies of JME, found JME-related BRD2 coding mutations. Therefore, we investigated noncoding BRD2 regions, seeking the origin of BRD2's JME influence. BRD2's promoter harbors a JME-associated single nucleotide polymorphism (rs3918149) and a CpG (C-phosphate-G dinucleotides) island (CpG76), making it a potential "hotspot" for JME-associated epigenetic variants. Methylating promoter CpG sites causes gene silencing, often resulting in reduced gene expression. We tested for differences in DNA methylation at CpG76 in 3 different subgroups: (1) JME patients versus their unaffected family members, (2) JME versus patients with other forms of GGE, and (3) Caucasian versus non-Caucasian JME patients. METHODS We used DNA pyrosequencing to analyze the methylation status of 10 BRD2 promoter CpG sites in lymphoblastoid cells from JME patients of Caucasian and non-Caucasian origin, unaffected family members, and also non-JME GGE patients. We also measured global methylation levels and DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) transcript expression in JME families by standard methods. RESULTS CpG76 is highly methylated in JME patients compared to unaffected family members. In families with non-JME GGE, we found no relationship between promoter methylation and epilepsy. In non-Caucasian JME families, promoter methylation was mostly not associated with epilepsy. This makes the BRD2 promoter a JME-specific, ethnicity-specific, differentially methylated region. Global methylation was constant across groups. SIGNIFICANCE BRD2 promoter methylation in JME, and the lack of methylation in unaffected relatives, in non-JME GGE patients, and in non-Caucasian JME, demonstrate that methylation specificity is a possible seizure susceptibility motif in JME risk and suggests JME therapeutics targeting BRD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Pathak
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James Miller
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Emily C Morris
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William C L Stewart
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David A Greenberg
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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Swathy B, Saradalekshmi KR, Nair IV, Nair C, Banerjee M. Understanding the influence of antipsychotic drugs on global methylation events and its relevance in treatment response. Epigenomics 2018; 10:233-247. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study intends to evaluate whether antipsychotic drugs can modulate the host epigenome and if so whether drug-induced epigenetic modulation can explain the heterogeneity in drug response. Methods: Present study was conducted in in vitro cells and significance of these in vitro observations was further evaluated in a clinical setting, between drug responsive and nonresponsive schizophrenia patients. A number of DNA modifications were assessed at global level using 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-formylcytosine followed by evaluating the expression of epigenetic modifier genes and their crosstalk with miRNAs. Results: In vitro data demonstrated that antipsychotic drugs induce epigenetic response by downregulating miRNA that target DNA methyltransferases, resulting in global hypermethylation. Similar trend was observed in clinical setting too and alterations were markedly associated with drug response rather than disease pathogenesis. Conclusion: Study demonstrates that antipsychotic drugs can influence host methylome and thereby indicating its role in mediating a strong pharmacoepigenomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Swathy
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | - Indu V Nair
- Mental Health Centre, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | | | - Moinak Banerjee
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying mood stabilizer treatments in bipolar disorder: Potential involvement of epigenetics. Neurosci Lett 2018; 669:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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