1
|
Sarkar S, Gupta VK, Sharma S, Shen T, Gupta V, Mirzaei M, Graham SL, Chitranshi N. Computational refinement identifies functional destructive single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with human retinoid X receptor gene. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1458-1478. [PMID: 34971346 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2021991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXRs) signalling have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis and glaucoma. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the main cause underlying single nucleic acid variations which in turn determine heterogeneity within various populations. These genetic polymorphisms have been suggested to associate with various degenerative disorders in population-wide analysis. This bioinformatics study was designed to investigate, search, retrieve and identify deleterious SNPs which may affect the structure and function of various RXR isoforms through a computational and molecular modelling approach. Amongst the 1,813 retrieved SNPs several were found to be deleterious with rs140464195_G139R, rs368400425_R358W and rs368586400_L383F RXRα mutant variants being the most detrimental ones causing changes in the interatomic interactions and decreasing the flexibility of the mutant proteins. Molecular genetics analysis identified seven missense mutations in RXRα/β/γ isoforms. Two novel mutations SNP IDs (rs1588299621 and rs1057519958) were identified in RXRα isoform. We used several in silico prediction tools such as SIFT, PolyPhen, I-Mutant, Protein Variation Effect Analyzer (PROVEAN), PANTHER, SNP&Go, PhD-SNP and SNPeffect to predict pathogenicity and protein stability associated with RXR mutations. The structural assessment by DynaMut tool revealed that hydrogen bonds were affected along with hydrophobic and carbonyl interactions resulting in reduced flexibility at the mutated residue positions but ultimately stabilizing the molecule as a whole. Summarizing, analysis of the missense mutations in RXR isoforms showed a mix of conclusive and inconclusive genotype-phenotype correlations suggesting the use of sophisticated computational analysis tools for studying RXR variants.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Samridhi Sharma
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nitin Chitranshi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
RXR – centralny regulator wielu ścieżek sygnałowych w organizmie. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Receptory jądrowe (NRs) tworzą największą nadrodzinę czynników transkrypcyjnych, które odgrywają ważną rolę w regulacji wielu procesów biologicznych. Receptor kwasu 9-cis-retinowego (RXR) wydaje się odgrywać szczególną rolę wśród tej grupy białek, a to ma związek z jego zdolnością do tworzenia dimerów z innymi NRs. Ze względu na kontrolę ekspresji wielu genów, RXR stanowi bardzo dobry cel licznych terapii. Nieprawidłowości w szlakach modulowanych przez RXR są powiązane m.in. z chorobami neurodegeneracyjnymi, otyłością, cukrzycą, a także nowotworami. Istnieje wiele związków mogących regulować aktywność transkrypcyjną RXR. Jednak obecnie dopuszczonych do użytku klinicznego jest tylko kilka z nich. Retinoidy normalizują wzrost i różnicowanie komórek skóry i błon śluzowych, ponadto działają immunomodulująco oraz przeciwzapalnie. Stąd są stosowane przede wszystkim w chorobach skóry i w terapii niektórych chorób nowotworowych. W artykule przedstawiono ogólne wiadomości na temat RXR, jego budowy, ligandów i mechanizmu działania oraz potencjalnej roli w terapii nowotworów i zespołu metabolicznego.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghorbani Z, Shakiba M, Rezavand N, Rahimi Z, Vaisi-Raygani A, Rahimi Z, Shakiba E. Gene variants and haplotypes of Vitamin D biosynthesis, transport, and function in preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2020; 40:1-8. [PMID: 33305962 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2020.1849274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To find whether the gene variants and haplotypes of cytochrome (CYP) 27B1 (1α-hydroxylase), group-specific component (GC) that is a vitamin D binding protein, vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and retinoid-X receptor (RXR) affect the risk of preeclampsia. Methods: In a case-control study 100 women with preeclampsia and 100 healthy pregnant women were investigated for gene variants and haplotypes of vitamin D biosynthesis, transport, and function using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: The frequency of gene variants of PPARγ Pro12Ala and RXR -α (A/G, rs749759) were not significantly different comparing patients and controls. The TT genotype of CYP 27B1 (G > T) was associated with 2.2-fold (95% CI 1.04-4.7, p = 0.039) increased risk of early-onset preeclampsia. Also, the TT genotype of GC rs7041 (T > G) increased the risk of preeclampsia [OR = 2.13 (95% CI 1.09-4.17, p = 0.027)]. The VDR ApaI GT genotype elevated susceptibility to preeclampsia (OR = 2.55, p = 0.04). Further, the presence of VDR ApaI GT+TT genotype was associated with higher levels of body mass index, and systolic blood pressure, and lower level of 25 (OH)-D3. In the presence of haplotype CYP T, VDR T, and RXR A (TTA) compared to haplotype GTG the risk of preeclampsia was 6.71-fold (p = 0.044). Conclusions: The present study indicated an association between the CYP 27B1, GC, and VDR ApaI variants with the risk of preeclampsia. Also, the variants of the latter polymorphism influenced BMI, blood pressure, and vitamin D levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghorbani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Rezavand
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ziba Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Cholesterol cholelithiasis: part of a systemic metabolic disease, prone to primary prevention. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:157-171. [PMID: 30791781 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1549988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease have relationships with various conditions linked with insulin resistance, but also with heart disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. These associations derive from mechanisms active at a local (i.e. gallbladder, bile) and a systemic level and are involved in inflammation, hormones, nuclear receptors, signaling molecules, epigenetic modulation of gene expression, and gut microbiota. Despite advanced knowledge of these pathways, the available therapeutic options for symptomatic gallstone patients remain limited. Therapy includes oral litholysis by the bile acid ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in a small subgroup of patients at high risk of postdissolution recurrence, or laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is the therapeutic radical gold standard treatment. Cholecystectomy, however, may not be a neutral event, and potentially generates health problems, including the metabolic syndrome. Areas covered: Several studies on risk factors and pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease, acting at a systemic level have been reviewed through a PubMed search. Authors have focused on primary prevention and novel potential therapeutic strategies. Expert commentary: The ultimate goal appears to target the manageable systemic mechanisms responsible for gallstone occurrence, pointing to primary prevention measures. Changes must target lifestyles, as well as experimenting innovative pharmacological tools in subgroups of patients at high risk of developing gallstones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- a Division of Internal Medicine , Hospital of Bisceglie , Bisceglie , Italy
| | - David Q-H Wang
- b Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases , Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Piero Portincasa
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri" , University of Bari Medical School , Bari , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li X, Gao P. Hepatitis C Virus Infection Increases Risk of Gallstone Disease in Elderly Chinese Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4636. [PMID: 29545607 PMCID: PMC5854625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated possible links between the etiology of liver disease and gallstone risk in Chinese patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). We compared the outcomes of 267 Chinese CLD patients with gallstones and those of a control group of 1,015 CLD patients without gallstones. Logistic regression analyses adjusting for demographic features and other gallstone risk factors revealed that liver cirrhosis increased the risk of gallstone development twofold [adjusted odds ratio (AOR); 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 2.343 (1.710–3.211)]. HCV infection increased gallstone risk 1–2-fold [AOR; 95% CI: 1.582 (1.066–2.347)] higher than did HBV infection. Multivariate analyses of the risk of developing gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis after an HCV or HBV infection yielded an estimated AOR (95% CI) of 1.601 (1.063–2.413) in patients with an HCV infection. In elderly patients with CLD (≥60 years of age), gallstone risk also increased significantly after an HCV infection [AOR (95% CI): 2.394 (1.066–5.375)]. HCV infection, older age, and liver cirrhosis significantly correlate with an increased risk of gallstone development in Chinese patients with CLD. HCV infection further increases this risk in both patients with liver cirrhosis and in elderly CLD patients (≥60 years of age).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 71 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hiebl V, Ladurner A, Latkolik S, Dirsch VM. Natural products as modulators of the nuclear receptors and metabolic sensors LXR, FXR and RXR. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1657-1698. [PMID: 29548878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) represent attractive targets for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In addition, natural products are an interesting pool of potential ligands since they have been refined under evolutionary pressure to interact with proteins or other biological targets. This review aims to briefly summarize current basic knowledge regarding the liver X (LXR) and farnesoid X receptors (FXR) that form permissive heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXR). Natural product-based ligands for these receptors are summarized and the potential of LXR, FXR and RXR as targets in precision medicine is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hiebl
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Simone Latkolik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility: from a case-control study to a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:102277-102290. [PMID: 29254243 PMCID: PMC5731953 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, several studies suggested that PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism was correlated with cancer risk. However, past results remained controversial. In this study, we performed a case-control study on the relationship of PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism with risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and subsequently carried out a meta-analysis to further assess the association between PPARG c.1347C>T and overall cancer. In our case-control study, after adjusting by age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking, a tendency to increased NSCLC risk was noted (CT/TT vs. CC: adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.97–1.51; P = 0.097). In the meta-analysis, we found a significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and overall cancer risk (T vs. C: OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.23; P = 0.006; TT vs. CC: OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.07–1.56; P = 0.008, CT/TT vs. CC: OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02–1.21; P = 0.014 and TT vs. CT/CC: OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.04–1.52; P = 0.016). In a subgroup analysis by ethnicity, evidence of significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and cancer risk was found among Asians and mixed populations. In a subgroup analysis by cancer type, PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism was associated with risk of esophageal cancer and glioblastoma. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by origin of cancer cell, evidence of significant association between PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism and cancer risk was also found among epithelial tumor. In conclusion, the findings indicate PPARG c.1347C>T polymorphism may increase the susceptibility of cancer.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma A, Sharma KL, Gupta A, Yadav A, Kumar A. Gallbladder cancer epidemiology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics: Recent update. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:3978-3998. [PMID: 28652652 PMCID: PMC5473118 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i22.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a malignancy of biliary tract which is infrequent in developed countries but common in some specific geographical regions of developing countries. Late diagnosis and deprived prognosis are major problems for treatment of gallbladder carcinoma. The dramatic associations of this orphan cancer with various genetic and environmental factors are responsible for its poorly defined pathogenesis. An understanding to the relationship between epidemiology, molecular genetics and pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer can add new insights to its undetermined pathophysiology. Present review article provides a recent update regarding epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular genetics of gallbladder cancer. We systematically reviewed published literature on gallbladder cancer from online search engine PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). Various keywords used for retrieval of articles were Gallbladder, cancer Epidemiology, molecular genetics and bullion operators like AND, OR, NOT. Cross references were manually searched from various online search engines (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed,https://scholar.google.co.in/, http://www.medline.com/home.jsp). Most of the articles published from 1982 to 2015 in peer reviewed journals have been included in this review.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li L, Zhang M, Holman CDJ. Hospital outpatients are satisfactory for case-control studies on cancer and diet in China: a comparison of population versus hospital controls. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2723-9. [PMID: 23803022 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the internal validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for use in Chinese women and to compare habitual dietary intakes between population and hospital controls measured by the FFQ. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative FFQ and a short food habit questionnaire (SFHQ) were developed and adapted for cancer and nutritional studies. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed in 814 Chinese women aged 18-81 years (407 outpatients and 407 population controls) by face-to-face interview using the FFQ in Shenyang, Northeast China in 2009-2010. The Goldberg formula (ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate, EI/BMR) was used to assess the validity of the FFQ. Correlation analyses compared the SFHQ variables with those of the quantitative FFQ. Differences in dietary intakes between hospital and population controls were investigated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The partial correlation coefficients were moderate to high (0.42 to 0.80; all p<0.05) for preserved food intake, fat consumption and tea drinking variables between the SFHQ and the FFQ. The average EI/BMR was 1.93 with 88.5% of subjects exceeding the Goldberg cut-off value of 1.35. Hospital controls were comparable to population controls in consumption of 17 measured food groups and mean daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients. CONCLUSIONS The FFQ had reasonable validity to measure habitual dietary intakes of Chinese women. Hospital outpatients provide a satisfactory control group for food consumption and intakes of energy and nutrients measured by the FFQ in a Chinese hospital setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Epidemiology of Cholangiocarcinoma and Gallbladder Carcinoma. BILIARY TRACT AND GALLBLADDER CANCER 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40558-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Li L, Zhang M, Holman CDJ. Population Versus Hospital Controls in the Assessment of Dietary Intake of Isoflavone for Case-Control Studies on Cancers in China. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:390-7. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.767915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
12
|
Andrén-Sandberg A. Diagnosis and management of gallbladder cancer. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2012; 4:293-9. [PMID: 22866265 PMCID: PMC3409652 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.98586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rather uncommon disease, but at the time when it gives symptoms it has usually reached no longer curable stage. Therefore, all attempts must be made to make the diagnosis earlier to have better opportunity for cure. The author searched PubMed, and reviewed literatures on diagnoses and treatment of GBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ake Andrén-Sandberg
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Di Ciaula A, Wang DQH, Portincasa P. Gallbladder and gastric motility in obese newborns, pre-adolescents and adults. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27:1298-305. [PMID: 22497555 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2012.07149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Impaired gallbladder and gastric motility have been associated with obesity in adults. The timing of appearance of this dysfunction, however, is unclear. METHODS Lean and obese subjects from three different age groups were studied noninvasively: 50 newborns (1-12 months old, six obese), 18 pre-adolescents (7-8 years old, seven obese), and 99 adults (22-80 years old, 32 obese) classified according to standard normal tables and body mass index. Changes of fasting/postprandial gallbladder and gastric motility were assessed simultaneously by functional ultrasonography in response to milk (newborns and pre-adolescents) and to a liquid test meal (adults). RESULTS In newborns, fasting and postprandial gallbladder volumes and gastric emptying were similar between obese and lean subjects. In pre-adolescents, obese subjects had a larger fasting gallbladder volume, with slower postprandial gastric emptying than lean subjects. In obese adults, the most evident dysfunction emerged, with larger fasting and postprandial residual gallbladder volume, and slower postprandial gastric emptying than lean subjects. CONCLUSIONS Obese subjects display abnormal gallbladder and gastric motility patterns, which first appear in pre-adolescents and deteriorate in adults. Such abnormalities are absent in obese newborns. Functional ultrasonography can detect altered cholecysto-gastric motility at the earliest stage. Our findings suggest an age-related decline of motility, probably secondary to excessive fat and insulin-resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agostino Di Ciaula
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Bisceglie, Bisceglie (BAT), Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reshetnyak VI. Concept of the pathogenesis and treatment of cholelithiasis. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:18-34. [PMID: 22400083 PMCID: PMC3295849 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i2.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease (GD) is a chronic recurrent hepatobiliary disease, the basis for which is the impaired metabolism of cholesterol, bilirubin and bile acids, which is characterized by the formation of gallstones in the hepatic bile duct, common bile duct, or gallbladder. GD is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases with a substantial burden to health care systems. GD can result in serious outcomes, such as acute gallstone pancreatitis and gallbladder cancer. The epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of GD are discussed in this review. The prevalence of GD varies widely by region. The prevalence of gallstone disease has increased in recent years. This is connected with a change in lifestyle: reduction of motor activity, reduction of the physical load and changes to diets. One of the important benefits of early screening for gallstone disease is that ultrasonography can detect asymptomatic cases, which results in early treatment and the prevention of serious outcomes. The pathogenesis of GD is suggested to be multifactorial and probably develops from complex interactions between many genetic and environmental factors. It suggests that corticosteroids and oral contraceptives, which contain hormones related to steroid hormones, may be regarded as a model system of cholelithiasis development in man. The achievement in the study of the physiology of bile formation and the pathogenesis of GD has allowed expanding indications for therapeutic treatment of GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak
- Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak, VA Negovsky Scientific Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Russia Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow 107031, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Zhang M, Holman D. Population versus hospital controls for case-control studies on cancers in Chinese hospitals. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011; 11:167. [PMID: 22171783 PMCID: PMC3261130 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2288-11-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correct control selection is crucial to the internal validity of case-control studies. Little information exists on differences between population and hospital controls in case-control studies on cancers in Chinese hospital setting. METHODS We conducted three parallel case-control studies on leukemia, breast and colorectal cancers in China between 2009 and 2010, using population and hospital controls to separately match 540 incident cases by age, gender and residency at a 1:1 ratio. Demographic and lifestyle factors were measured using a validated questionnaire in face-to-face interview. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The two control groups had closely similar exposure distributions of 15 out of 16 factors, with the only exception being that hospital controls were less likely to have a BMI ≥ 25 (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.93). For exposure of green tea drinking, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) comparing green tealeaves intake ≥ 1000 grams annually with non-drinkers were 0.51 (0.31, 0.83) and 0.21 (0.27, 0.74) for three cancers combined, 0.06 (0.01, 0.61) and 0.07 (0.01, 0.47) for breast cancer, 0.52 (0.29, 0.94) and 0.45 (0.25, 0.82) for colorectal cancer, 0.65 (0.08, 5.63) and 0.57 (0.07, 4.79) for leukemia using hospital and population controls respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study found that hospital controls were comparable with population controls for most demographic characteristics and lifestyle factors measured, but there was a slight difference between the two control groups. Hospital outpatients provide a satisfactory control group in hospital-based case-control study in the Chinese hospital setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tönjes A, Wittenburg H, Halbritter J, Renner O, Harsch S, Stange EF, Lammert F, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P. Effects of SLC10A2 variant rs9514089 on gallstone risk and serum cholesterol levels- meta-analysis of three independent cohorts. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:149. [PMID: 22093174 PMCID: PMC3261098 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9514089 in SLC10A2 (apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter gene) has been identified as a susceptibility variant for cholelithiasis in humans. Methods Here we assessed the effects of rs9514089 on gallstone risk and related phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome in the self-contained population of Sorbs (183 cases with gallstones/826 controls). Furthermore, we performed a meta-analysis for effects of rs9514089 on susceptibility for cholelithiasis in three independent cohorts (Stuttgart: 56 cases/71 controls, Aachen: 184 cases/184 controls and Sorbs). Results There was no significant association of rs9514089 with gallstone risk, serum lipid parameters and BMI in the Sorbs and in the meta-analysis of all three cohorts (p > 0.05). There was an effect trend in the subgroup of lean subjects but based on different effect directions in the three cohorts there was no significant association in the meta-analysis. Conclusions We were not able to replicate the effect of rs9514089 on gallstone risk in the Sorbs. Further analyses in larger cohorts are required to finally assess the role of genetic variants in SLC10A2 in human gallstone development and lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Srivastava K, Srivastava A, Sharma KL, Mittal B. Candidate gene studies in gallbladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mutat Res 2011; 728:67-79. [PMID: 21708280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most frequent biliary tract malignancy. Wide variations in GBC incidence and familial and epidemiological data suggest involvement of a genetic component in its etiopathogenesis. A systematic review of genetic association studies in GBC was performed by applying a meta-analysis approach and systematically reviewing PubMed database using appropriate terms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were appropriately derived for each gene-disease association using fixed and random effect models. Meta-regression with population size and genotyping method was also performed. Study quality was assessed using a 10-point scoring system designed from published guidelines. Following a review of 44 published manuscripts and one unpublished report, 80 candidate gene variants and 173 polymorphisms were analyzed among 1046 cases and 2310 controls. Majority of studies were of intermediate quality. Four polymorphisms with >3 separate studies were included in the meta-analysis [OGG1 (rs1052133), TP53 (rs1042522), CYP1A1 (rs1048943) and GSTM1 null polymorphism]. The meta-analysis demonstrated no significant associations of any of the above polymorphisms with GBC susceptibility except TP53 (rs1042522) polymorphism. To conclude, existing candidate gene studies in GBC susceptibility have so far been insufficient to confirm any association. Future research should focus on a more comprehensive approach utilizing potential gene-gene, gene-environment interactions and high-risk haplotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Srivastava
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anvesha Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
| | - Kiran Lata Sharma
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jacobs ET, Martínez ME, Campbell PT, Conti DV, Duggan D, Figueiredo JC, Haile RW, LeRoy EC, Poynter JN, Thompson PA, Baron JA. Genetic variation in the retinoid X receptor and calcium-sensing receptor and risk of colorectal cancer in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1412-6. [PMID: 20558521 PMCID: PMC2915636 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the calcium/vitamin D metabolic pathway may be related to risk for colorectal cancer. While several investigations of vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer have been conducted, no studies to date have evaluated the association of genetic variation in the heterodimer partner for VDR, the retinoid X receptor (RXR). Another important gene in this pathway is the calcium-sensing receptor (CASR). Employing a discordant-sibship case-control design, we examined the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RXRA and CASR and risk for colorectal cancer overall and by colorectal subsite and microsatellite instability (MSI) status using data from the Colon Cancer Family Registry. No gene-level relationships between RXRA or CASR and colorectal cancer overall were observed. However, for RXRA SNP rs7861779, a high-interest SNP selected for study a priori, there was a statistically significantly increased risk for proximal colorectal cancer among those with at least one A allele [odds ratio (OR) = 1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-1.97]. Another selected RXRA SNP, rs12004589, was significantly associated with risk of MSI-high cancers (OR = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.13-4.56). Additionally, CASR SNP rs1801726 was significantly associated with a reduced risk for rectal cancer (OR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.29-0.96). These results provide support that RXRA SNPs rs7861779 and rs12004589 and CASR SNP rs1801726 may be important markers for colorectal neoplasia. Further work is needed to elucidate their role in the carcinogenic pathway.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hibler EA, Jurutka PW, Egan JB, Hu C, LeRoy EC, Martinez ME, Thompson PA, Jacobs ET. Association between polymorphic variation in VDR and RXRA and circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 121:438-41. [PMID: 20307661 PMCID: PMC2906637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D is the bioactive ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). VDR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) that when bound to ligand influences the transcriptional control of genes that regulate circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites. Whether genetic variation in VDR or RXRA affects circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D or 25(OH)D has not been established. We used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach to evaluate the association between SNPs in VDR and RXRA and serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D. A total of 42 tagSNPs in VDR and 32 in RXRA were analyzed in a sample of 415 participants. Principal components analyses revealed a gene-level association between RXRA and serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations (P=0.01), but not 25(OH)D. No gene-level association was found for VDR with either serum biomarker. At the single-SNP level, a significant positive trend was observed for increasing 1,25(OH)2D levels with each additional copy of the A allele for RXRA SNP rs9409929 (P-trend=0.003). After a multiple comparisons adjustment, no individual SNP in VDR or RXRA was significantly associated with either outcome. These results demonstrate an association between genetic variation in RXRA and 1,25(OH)2D serum concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E A Hibler
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bertran E, Heise K, Andia ME, Ferreccio C. Gallbladder cancer: Incidence and survival in a high-risk area of Chile. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:2446-54. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
21
|
Egan JB, Thompson PA, Ashbeck EL, Conti DV, Duggan D, Hibler E, Jurutka PW, Leroy EC, Martínez ME, Mount D, Jacobs ET. Genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor VDR/RXRA influence the likelihood of colon adenoma recurrence. Cancer Res 2010; 70:1496-504. [PMID: 20145122 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-3264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating levels of vitamin D affect colorectal cancer risk. The biological actions of the hormonal form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with retinoid X receptors (RXR). Using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) tagging approach, we assessed the association between genetic variations in RXRA and VDR and odds of recurrent (metachronous) colorectal neoplasia in a pooled population of two studies. A total of 32 tag SNPs in RXRA and 42 in VDR were analyzed in 1,439 participants. A gene-level association was observed for RXRA and any (P = 0.04) or proximal (P = 0.03) metachronous neoplasia. No gene-level associations were observed for VDR, nor was any single SNP in VDR related to any metachronous adenoma after correction for multiple comparisons. In contrast, the association between RXRA SNP rs7861779 and proximal metachronous neoplasia was of borderline statistical significance [odds ratio (OR), 0.68; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.53-0.86; unadjusted P = 0.001; adjusted P = 0.06], including when observed independently in each individual study. Haplotypes within linkage blocks of RXRA support an approximately 30% reduction in odds of metachronous neoplasia arising in the proximal colon among carriers of specific haplotypes, which was strongest (OR(proximal), 0.67; 95% CI, 0.52-0.86) for carriers of a CGGGCA haplotype (rs1805352, rs3132297, rs3132296, rs3118529, rs3118536, and rs7861779). Our results indicate that allelic variation in RXRA affects metachronous colorectal neoplasia, perhaps of particular importance in the development of proximal lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan B Egan
- Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona and Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724-5024, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Acalovschi M, Buzas C, Radu C, Grigorescu M. Hepatitis C virus infection is a risk factor for gallstone disease: a prospective hospital-based study of patients with chronic viral C hepatitis. J Viral Hepat 2009; 16:860-6. [PMID: 19486279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2009.01141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the prevalence and the risk factors for gallstone disease in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. We investigated 453 consecutively admitted patients with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) (cirrhosis excluded) and 879 patients without liver disease (October 2006-April 2007). Gallstone disease was diagnosed if gallstones were present at ultrasonography or if there had been a previous cholecystectomy. Variables evaluated were age, gender, gallstone heredity, body mass index, waist circumference, parity, serum lipids, fatty liver, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation criteria). Informed consent was obtained from all patients. We found that 88 of 453 (19%) patients with chronic HCV hepatitis (age 50.1 +/- 11.7 years) and 153 of 879 (17%) controls (age 60.6 +/- 12.6 years) had gallstone disease (GD). Abdominal obesity (OR = 2.108, 95% CI 1.287-3.452) and steatosis (OR = 3.699, 95% CI 2.277-6.008) were risk factors for GD in HCV patients. Gallstone heredity, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome increased the risk for GD in controls vs HCV patients. Our study shows that even HCV patients with chronic hepatitis but not cirrhosis have an increased prevalence of gallstones. Compared with controls, gallstones are present in HCV patients at a younger age and are associated with central obesity and liver steatosis, but not with gallstone heredity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. Although we could not establish a temporal relationship, the association between HCV infection and gall stone disease is real and appears to be causally linked, at least in predisposed individuals (obese and with liver steatosis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Acalovschi
- 3rd Medical Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nohara A, Kobayashi J, Mabuchi H. Retinoid X receptor heterodimer variants and cardiovascular risk factors. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:303-18. [PMID: 19672026 DOI: 10.5551/jat.no786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors that can be activated by specific ligands. Recent progress has shown that retinoid X receptor (RXR) and its heterodimerization partners, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, regulate many important genes involved in energy homeostasis and atherosclerosis, and should be promising therapeutic targets of metabolic syndrome. RXR heterodimers regulate a number of complex cellular processes, and genetic studies of RXR heterodimers have provided important clinical information in addition to knowledge gained from basic research. Genetic variants of RXR heterodimers were screened and investigated, and some variants were shown to have a considerable impact on metabolic disorders, including phenotypic components of familial combined hyperlipidemia. The combined efforts of basic and clinical science regarding nuclear receptors have achieved significant progress in unraveling the inextricably linked control system of energy expenditure, lipid and glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and atherosclerosis.This review summarizes the current understanding regarding RXR heterodimers based on their human genetic variants, which will provide new clues to uncover the background of multifactorial disease, such as metabolic syndrome or familial combined hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nohara
- Departments of Lipidology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thomsen RW, Thomsen HF, Nørgaard M, Cetin K, McLaughlin JK, Tarone RE, Fryzek JP, Sørensen HT. Risk of cholecystitis in patients with cancer: a population-based cohort study in Denmark. Cancer 2009; 113:3410-9. [PMID: 18951518 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To the authors' knowledge, little information is available regarding the incidence of cholecystitis among patients with cancer. METHODS The authors conducted a population-based historical cohort study of 51,228 patients with incident cancer, identified in medical databases of western Denmark between 1995 and 2003. A general population comparison cohort of 512,280 persons was assembled using the Danish Civil Registration System. The occurrence of cholecystitis in the 2 groups was determined by linkage to the regional Hospital Discharge Registry. RESULTS In all, 230 incident diagnoses of cholecystitis were identified in the cancer cohort during 130,185 person-years (median follow-up time: 1.6 years), corresponding to an incidence rate of 1.8 of 1000 person-years. After adjustment for confounders, the relative risk (RR) for cholecystitis among cancer patients compared with the general population cohort was 1.38 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20-1.58). Overall, the RR for cholecystitis was doubled during the first 6 months after cancer diagnosis (RR = 1.95; 95% CI, 1.50-2.54), after which the RR declined but remained greater than 1 throughout the rest of the follow-up period (RR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.05-1.45). Cancer patients between the ages of 51 and 70 years had the highest risk increase for cholecystitis compared with other age groups. During the first 6 months after a cancer diagnosis, pancreatic cancers (12 cholecystitis events; RR = 9.44 [95% CI, 5.18-17.18]) and colorectal cancers (10 cholecystitis events; RR = 4.98 [95% CI, 2.65-9.34]) were found to be associated with the greatest cholecystitis risk increase compared with other tumor types. After 6 months, most cancers were associated with a relatively small increased risk, although there was an RR of 4.72 (95% CI, 1.99-11.21) based on 5 cholecystitis events among thyroid cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study indicate that cholecystitis occurs more frequently among cancer patients than in the general population, particularly within the first 6 months after a cancer diagnosis. Clinicians who treat cancer patients should remain vigilant about this type of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reimar W Thomsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|