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Khalid KM, Ratnayake WS, Apostolatos CA, Acevedo-Duncan M. Dual inhibition of atypical PKC signaling and PI3K/Akt signaling dysregulates c-Myc to induce apoptosis in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1213715. [PMID: 38288105 PMCID: PMC10823017 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer (85%). 75% of the RCC cases involve conventional clear cell RCC (ccRCC). Approximately, 39% of late-stage patients (stage IV) are treated with chemotherapeutic agents. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) pathways are frequently activated in RCC. In addition, atypical PKCs (PKC-ί and PKC ζ) are overexpressed in most cancer cells, and they play a central role in tumor progression and the metastasis of different types of cancers. Our goal is to establish the role of aPKCs in the regulation of multiple key activated pathways in ccRCC. In this study, we also established a novel therapeutic regimen for dual inhibition of key activated pathways. Method In this study, 786-0 and Caki-1 cells were studied and subjected to cell viability assay, western blot analysis, scratch & wound healing assay, transwell invasion assay, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used combination of PI3K inhibitor- Alpelisib (BYL719) and ICA-1 (a PKC-ι-specific 5-amino-1-2,3-dihydroxy-4-(methylcyclopentyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide). In addition to drug treatment, small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology was used to further confirm the experimental outcome of the drug treatment. Results Our results suggest that treatment of ccRCC cells with a combination of ICA-1 (aPKC inhibitor) and BYL719 (PI3K inhibitor) downregulates PKC-ί and causes downstream inhibition of c-Myc. Inhibition of the PKCί also reduces activation of MEK/ERK1/2. It is observed that treatment with ICA-1 disrupts the level of the aPKC-Akt1 association. ICA-1 treatment also shows a reduced level of association between aPKC and c-Myc. The inhibition of aPKCs and downstream effector proteins by combination therapy is more pronounced compared to a single therapy. These effects contribute to reduced cell growth, and eventually, the induction of apoptosis. The decreased level of N-cadherin, p-vimentin, and vimentin and the increased level of E-cadherin confirm reduced malignancy. Conclusion Therefore, implementing a combination of Alpelisib and a PKC-ι inhibitor is an effective approach to reducing cell proliferation, and invasion that eventually induces apoptosis and may be considered as a potential therapeutic option in ccRCC.
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Li W, Xu L, Cao J, Ge J, Liu X, Liu P, Teng Y, Wang S, Sun Y, Liu M, Tian L. DACH1 regulates macrophage activation and tumour progression in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Immunology 2023; 170:253-269. [PMID: 37243970 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dachshund family transcription factor 1 (DACH1) has been shown to exhibit a tumour-suppressive role in a number of human cancers. However, the role of DACH1 in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) and its function in the tumour microenvironment (TME) are still not clear. Crosstalk between cancer cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) mediates tumour progression in HPSCC. The expression of DACH1, CD86 and CD163 was detected in 71 matched HPSCC-non-cancerous tissue pairs using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and IHC analysis. Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were monitored by colony formation, Transwell and EdU incorporation assays. ChIP-qPCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays were applied to verify the targeting relationships between DACH1 and IGF-1. Stably transfected HPSCC cells were co-cultured with MΦ macrophages to assess macrophage polarization and secretory signals. DACH1 was decreased in HPSCC tissues and was indicative of a poor prognosis for HPSCC patients. Decreased DACH1 expression in HPSCC was associated with fewer CD86+ TAMs and more CD163+ TAMs. Knockdown of DACH1 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of FaDu cells via Akt/NF-κB/MMP2/9 signalling. Additionally, DACH1 was found to directly bind to the promoter region of IGF-1 to downregulate the secretion of IGF-1, which inhibited TAMs polarization through the IGF-1R/JAK1/STAT3 axis. Furthermore, in nude mice, the effects of DACH1 inhibition on tumour progression and M2-like TAMs polarization were confirmed. These findings suggest that IGF-1 is a critical downstream effector of DACH1 that suppresses cell migration and invasion and inhibits TAMs polarization. DACH1 could be a therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Licheng Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingchun Ge
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Pengyan Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yujian Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shunpeng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linli Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yorozu A, Sekiguchi S, Takasawa A, Okazaki F, Niinuma T, Kitajima H, Yamamoto E, Kai M, Toyota M, Hatanaka Y, Nishiyama K, Ogi K, Dehari H, Obata K, Kurose M, Kondo A, Osanai M, Miyazaki A, Takano K, Suzuki H. CXCL12 is expressed by skeletal muscle cells in tongue oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:5953-5963. [PMID: 36300800 PMCID: PMC10028106 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a pivotal role in the progression of various malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we aimed to clarify the biological and clinical significance of CXCL12 in the tumor microenvironment of OSCCs. METHODS Publicly available single-cell RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) datasets were used to analyze CXCL12 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of CXCL12, α-smooth muscle antigen (α-SMA), fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and CD8 was performed in a series of 47 surgically resected primary tongue OSCCs. Human skeletal muscle cells were co-cultured with or without OSCC cells, after which CXCL12 expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS Analysis of the RNA-seq data suggested CXCL12 is abundantly expressed in stromal cells within HNSCC tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that in grade 1 primary OSCCs, CXCL12 is expressed in both tumor cells and muscle cells. By contrast, grade 3 tumors were characterized by disruption of muscle structure and reduced CXCL12 expression. Quantitative analysis of CXCL12-positive areas within tumors revealed that reduced CXCL12 expression correlated with poorer overall survival. Levels of CXCL12 expression tended to inversely correlate α-SMA expression and positively correlate with infiltration by CD8+ lymphocytes, though these relations did not reach statistical significance. CXCL12 was significantly upregulated in muscle cells co-cultured with OSCC cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that tongue OSCC cells activate CXCL12 expression in muscle cells, which may contribute to tumor progression. However, CXCL12 is reduced in advanced OSCCs due to muscle tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yorozu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shohei Sekiguchi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumika Okazaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Niinuma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitajima
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kai
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Toyota
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yui Hatanaka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koyo Nishiyama
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hironari Dehari
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Obata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kurose
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kondo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Israr M, DeVoti JA, Papayannakos CJ, Bonagura VR. Role of chemokines in HPV-induced cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:170-183. [PMID: 36402301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cancers of the uterine cervix, oropharynx, anus, and vulvovaginal tract. Low-risk HPVs, such as HPV6 and 11, can also cause benign mucosal lesions including genital warts, and in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, lesions in the larynx, and on occasion, in the lungs. However, both high and less tumorigenic HPVs share a striking commonality in manipulating both innate and adaptive immune responses in HPV- infected keratinocytes, the natural host for HPV infection. In addition, immune/inflammatory cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment influences cancer growth and prognosis, and this process is tightly regulated by different chemokines. Chemokines are small proteins and exert their biological effects by binding with G protein-coupled chemokine receptors (GPCRs) that are found on the surfaces of select target cells. Chemokines are not only involved in the establishment of a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment and organ-directed metastases but also involved in disease progression through enhancing tumor cell growth and proliferation. Therefore, having a solid grasp on chemokines and immune checkpoint modulators can help in the treatment of these cancers. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the expression patterns and regulation of the main chemokines found in HPV-induced cancers, and their effects on both immune and non-immune cells in these lesions. Importantly, we also present the current knowledge of therapeutic interventions on the expression of specific chemokine and their receptors that have been shown to influence the development and progression of HPV-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Israr
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - James A DeVoti
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Papayannakos
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Vincent R Bonagura
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, United States; The Department of Pediatrics, The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.
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Chemokine/GPCR Signaling-Mediated EMT in Cancer Metastasis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:2208176. [PMID: 36268282 PMCID: PMC9578795 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2208176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis, the chief cause of cancer-related deaths, is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In the tumor microenvironment, EMT can be triggered by chemokine/G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling, which is closely associated with tumor progression. However, the functional links between chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT and metastasis remain unclear. Herein, we summarized the mechanisms of chemokine/GPCR signaling-mediated EMT with an insight into facilitating metastasis and clarified the role of chemokine in the local invasion, intravasation, circulation, extravasation, and colonization, respectively. Moreover, several potential pathways that might contribute to EMT based on the latest studies on GPCR signaling were proposed, including signaling mediated by G protein, β-arrestin, intracellular, dimerization activation, and transactivation. However, there is still limited evidence to support the EMT programme functional contribution to metastasis, which keeps a key question still open whether we should target EMT programme of cancer cells. Answers to that question might help develop an anticancer strategy or guide new directions for anticancer metastasis therapy.
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Unveiling Potential Mechanisms of Spatholobi Caulis against Lung Metastasis of Malignant Tumor by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1620539. [PMID: 35356244 PMCID: PMC8959948 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1620539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung metastasis of malignant tumor signifies worse prognosis and immensely deteriorates patients' life quality. Spatholobi Caulis (SC) has been reported to reduce lung metastasis, but the mechanism remains elusive. Methods The active components and corresponding targets of SC were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) database and the SwissTargetPrediction database. The disease targets were acquired from DisGeNET and GeneCards databases. Venn map was composed to figure out intersection targets by using R. The PPI network was constructed through STRING and Cytoscape, and MCODE plug-in was used to sift hub targets. Gene Ontology (GO)-Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was carried out by utilizing clusterProfiler package (R3.6.1) with adjusted P value <0.05. Network of SC-active components-intersection targets-KEGG pathway was accomplished with Cytoscape. Molecular docking between hub targets and active components was performed, analyzed, and visualized by AutoDockTools, AutoDock Vina, PLIP Web tool, and PYMOL. Results 24 active components and 123 corresponding targets were screened, and the number of disease targets and intersection targets was 1074 and 47, respectively. RELA, JUN, MAPK1, MAPK14, STAT3, IL-4, ESR1, and TP53 were the 8 hub targets. GO analysis and KEGG analysis elucidated that SC could ameliorate lung metastasis mainly by intervening oxidative stress, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, and microRNAs in cancer. All 8 hub targets were proven to combine successfully with active components of SC. Conclusion Inflammation is the core factor that integrates all these targets, biological process, and signaling pathways, which indicates that SC prevents or reduces lung metastasis mainly by dispelling inflammation.
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Serum Levels of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Predict Clinical Outcomes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Receiving TPF Induction Chemotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040803. [PMID: 35453553 PMCID: PMC9029833 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines, such as stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), are associated with clinical outcomes in several cancer types. This study aimed to investigate the role of SDF-1α and VEGF in the prognosis of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who underwent TPF induction chemotherapy (docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil). A total of 77 HNSCC patients were enrolled and circulating SDF-1α and VEGF values were examined at two time points for each patient, including pre-TPF treatment (treatment-naïve) and post-TPF treatment but before chemoradiotherapy. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 18.1 and 32.9 months, respectively. Decreased SDF-1α and VEGF levels after TPF treatment, post-TPF SDF-1α < 1500 pg/mL and VEGF value < 150 pg/mL were independent prognostic factors for better PFS and OS in univariate and multivariate analyses. A combination of SDF-1α and VEGF values may predict clinical outcomes significantly. Our study confirmed the role of SDF-1α and VEGF in the disease progression of HNSCC, and that decreased SDF-1α and VEGF after TPF treatment and lower post-TPF SDF-1α and VEGF values were associated with better prognosis in HNSCC patients who received induction chemotherapy with TPF followed by chemoradiotherapy.
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Caspa Gokulan R, Devaraj H. Stem Cell Markers CXCR-4 and CD133 Predict Aggressive Phenotype and Their Double Positivity Indicates Poor Prognosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235895. [PMID: 34885003 PMCID: PMC8656999 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Oral cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world, with a poor prognosis. The absence of accurate biomarkers for predicting oral cancer progression is the primary cause of treatment failures. Multiple studies have shown that cancer stem cells play a critical role in tumor growth and chemo resistance. We uncovered, for the first time, the importance of combinatorial expression of stem cell related molecules CXCR-4 and CD-133 as possible biomarkers to predict poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The findings will aid in the identification of high-risk cases in order to provide appropriate therapy. Abstract The activation of the SDF-1/CXCR-4 pathway is crucial for the invasion and metastasis of oral cancer cells. The CXCR-4 positive cells possess stem cell characteristics and express the cancer stem cell marker, CD133, in tumors of colon and pancreas. Despite several studies, the co-expression of CXCR-4 and CD133 and its significance is still largely unknown in oral cancer. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of CXCR-4 and CD133 double positivity in the prognosis of oral cancer. The significance of PKC-δ, one of the key signaling molecules that regulates CXCR-4, was also analyzed. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence was used to investigate the co-localization of CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 in the human tissues and cell lines of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The expression of CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 were found to be higher in poorly differentiated and lymph node metastasis-positive cases. Interestingly, CXCR-4 positive cells showed positive staining for PKC-δ and CD133 in oral cancer tissue and cell lines. Moreover, CXCR-4+/CD133+ and CXCR-4+/PKC-δ+ double positive cases have the worst survival. We discovered, for the first time, that patients with expression of both CXCR-4 and CD133 have a lower survival rate, and CXCR-4+/CD133+, as well as CXCR-4+/PKC-δ+ double positivity, can be utilized to predict poor prognosis. CXCR-4, PKC-δ and CD133 might regulate aggressiveness and invasion of oral cancer cells.
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Interactive regulation of laryngeal cancer and neuroscience. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188580. [PMID: 34129916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nerve fibres are distributed throughout the body along with blood and lymphatic vessels. The intrinsic morphological characteristics of nerves and the general characteristics of secretions in the tumour microenvironment provide a solid theoretical basis for exploring how neuronal tissue can influence the progression of laryngeal cancer (LC). The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) jointly control many aspects of cancer and have attracted widespread attention in the study of the progression, invasion and metastasis of tumour tissue banks. Stress activates the neuroendocrine response of the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. LC cells induce nerve growth in the microenvironment by releasing neurotrophic factors (NTFs), and they can also stimulate neurite formation by secreting axons and axon guides. Conversely, nerve endings secrete factors that attract LC cells; this is known as perineural invasion (PNI) and promotes the progression of the associated cancer. In this paper, we summarize the systematic understanding of the role of neuroregulation in the LC tumour microenvironment (TME) and ways in which the TME accelerates nerve growth, which is closely related to the occurrence of LC.
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Zhao J, Li XD, Wang M, Song LN, Zhao MJ. Circular RNA ABCB10 contributes to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression by modulating the miR-588/CXCR4 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:14078-14087. [PMID: 34015764 PMCID: PMC8202875 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common head and neck cancer with a high metastasis and poor prognosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory function and broadly participate in cancer development. However, the correlation of circular RNA ABCB10 (circABCB10) with LSCC remains unclear. Here, we were interested in the role of circABCB10 in the modulation of LSCC progression. Our data demonstrated that the depletion of circABCB10 significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced the apoptosis of LSCC cells. Meanwhile, circABCB10 knockdown was able to remarkably reduce the invasion and migration of LSCC cells. Mechanically, circABCB10 served as a sponge for microRNAs-588 (miR-588) and miR-588 could target and down-regulated chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression in LSCC cells. The overexpression of CXCR4 or miR-588 inhibitor could reverse circABCB10 depletion-attenuated malignant phenotypes of LSCC cells. Functionally, the depletion of circABCB10 alleviated the tumor growth of LSCC cells in the tumorigenicity analysis of nude mice. The CXCR4 expression was decreased while the miR-588 expression was enhanced by circABCB10 depletion in vivo. Thus, we concluded that circABCB10 was involved in the malignant progression of LSCC by regulating miR-588/CXCR4 axis. Our finding provides new insights into the mechanism of circRHOT1 contributing to the development of LSCC. CircABCB10 and miR-588 may be used as potential targets for the treatment of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Xing-De Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Li-Na Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Mei-Jiao Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Nisar S, Yousuf P, Masoodi T, Wani NA, Hashem S, Singh M, Sageena G, Mishra D, Kumar R, Haris M, Bhat AA, Macha MA. Chemokine-Cytokine Networks in the Head and Neck Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094584. [PMID: 33925575 PMCID: PMC8123862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive diseases with a dismal patient prognosis. Despite significant advances in treatment modalities, the five-year survival rate in patients with HNSCC has improved marginally and therefore warrants a comprehensive understanding of the HNSCC biology. Alterations in the cellular and non-cellular components of the HNSCC tumor micro-environment (TME) play a critical role in regulating many hallmarks of cancer development including evasion of apoptosis, activation of invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, response to therapy, immune escape mechanisms, deregulation of energetics, and therefore the development of an overall aggressive HNSCC phenotype. Cytokines and chemokines are small secretory proteins produced by neoplastic or stromal cells, controlling complex and dynamic cell-cell interactions in the TME to regulate many cancer hallmarks. This review summarizes the current understanding of the complex cytokine/chemokine networks in the HNSCC TME, their role in activating diverse signaling pathways and promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Parvaiz Yousuf
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India;
| | - Tariq Masoodi
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Genetikode 400102, India;
| | - Nissar A. Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal 191201, India;
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mayank Singh
- Departmental of Medical Oncology, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | | | - Deepika Mishra
- Centre for Dental Education and Research, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Centre for Advanced Research, School of Biotechnology and Indian Council of Medical Research, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, India;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ajaz A. Bhat
- Molecular and Metabolic Imaging Laboratory, Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (S.N.); (S.H.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.); or (M.A.M.); Tel.: +974-40037703 (A.A.B.); +91-8082326900 (M.A.M.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora 192122, India
- Correspondence: (A.A.B.); or (M.A.M.); Tel.: +974-40037703 (A.A.B.); +91-8082326900 (M.A.M.)
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Feng W, Huang W, Chen J, Qiao C, Liu D, Ji X, Xie M, Zhang T, Wang Y, Sun M, Tian D, Fan D, Nie Y, Wu K, Xia L. CXCL12-mediated HOXB5 overexpression facilitates Colorectal Cancer metastasis through transactivating CXCR4 and ITGB3. Theranostics 2021; 11:2612-2633. [PMID: 33456563 PMCID: PMC7806482 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is the major reason for the high mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism underlying CRC metastasis remains unclear. Here, we report a novel role of homeobox B5 (HOXB5), a member of the HOX family, in promoting CRC metastasis. Method: The expression of HOXB5 and its target genes were examined by immunohistochemistry in human CRC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to measure the transcriptional regulation of target genes by HOXB5. The metastatic capacities of CRC cells were evaluated by in vivo lung and liver metastatic models. Results: The elevated expression of HOXB5 was positively correlated with distant metastasis, higher AJCC stage, and poor prognosis in CRC patients. HOXB5 expression was an independent and significant risk factor for the recurrence and survival in CRC patients. Overexpression of HOXB5 promoted CRC metastasis by transactivating metastatic related genes, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3). C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), which is the ligand of CXCR4, upregulated HOXB5 expression through the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK)/ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor (ETS1) pathway. The knockdown of HOXB5 decreased CXCL12-enhanced CRC metastasis. Furthermore, AMD3100, a specific CXCR4 inhibitor, significantly suppressed HOXB5-mediated CRC metastasis. HOXB5 expression was positively correlated with CXCR4 and ITGB3 expression in human CRC tissues, and patients with positive co-expression of HOXB5/CXCR4, or HOXB5/ITGB3 exhibited the worst prognosis. Conclusion: Our study implicates HOXB5 as a prognostic biomarker in CRC, and defines a CXCL12-HOXB5-CXCR4 positive feedback loop that plays an important role in promoting CRC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Feng
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Hepatic Surgery of Hubei Province; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenyang Qiao
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Danfei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Meng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tongyue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Limin Xia
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China
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Toyoma S, Suzuki S, Kawasaki Y, Yamada T. SDF-1/CXCR4 induces cell invasion through CD147 in squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1817-1823. [PMID: 32724425 PMCID: PMC7377101 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has a poor prognosis due to local invasion and metastasis. The chemokine receptor CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), play roles in tumor progression through unclear mechanisms. For the present study, we used a hypopharyngeal SCC cell line, FaDu, expressing CXCR4. We found that SDF-1 promotes migration and invasion of the FaDu cells. In addition, AMD3100, a specific antagonist of CXCR4, inhibited the binding of SDF-1 to CXCR4, resulting in a significant decrease in the FaDu cell migration induced by SDF-1. Stimulation of CXCR4 with SDF-1 induced an increase in the expression of CD147, a cell membrane protein; and this CD147 upregulation was abrogated by AMD3100. CD147 function-blocking antibodies also abolished the SDF-1-induced FaDu invasiveness. Our results suggested that SDF-1/CXCR4 mediate hypopharyngeal SCC cell migration and that CD147 is involved in the SDF-1/CXCR4-related tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Toyoma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Takechiyo Yamada
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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Chen YH, Li SH, Lu HI, Lo CM. Prognostic Value of SDF-1α Expression in Patients with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Receiving Esophagectomy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051067. [PMID: 32344892 PMCID: PMC7281421 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) is a chemokine that has been reported to be involved in tumor progression in several malignancies. This study aimed to evaluate the crucial role of SDF-1α in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who underwent esophagectomy. A total of 169 patients with ESCC were identified, including overexpression of SDF-1α in 60 patients and low expression of SDF-1α in 109 patients by immunohistochemical analysis. Two ESCC cell lines, TE1 and KYSE30, were selected to evaluate the tumor cell proliferative effect of SDF-1α. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that high tumor (T) status, positive lymph node metastasis, tumors located in the upper esophagus, and SDF-1α overexpression were significantly related to worse disease-free survival and overall survival. In addition, the two cell lines were treated with SDF-1α, AMD3100 (an SDF-1α-ligand receptor antagonist), and chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin). Our in vitro study results showed that SDF-1α promoted the proliferation of tumor cells, and blocking the SDF-1α pathway displayed a growth inhibition effect in a dose-dependent manner. SDF-1α plays an important role in the progression of ESCC and is an independent prognostic factor for ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hao Chen
- Department of Hematology—Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8303); Fax: +886-7-7322402
| | - Shau-Hsuan Li
- Department of Hematology—Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-I Lu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-I.L.); (C.-M.L.)
| | - Chien-Ming Lo
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan; (H.-I.L.); (C.-M.L.)
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15
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Chen L, Zhu M, Yu S, Hai L, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhao P, Zhou H, Wang S, Yang X. Arg kinase mediates CXCL12/CXCR4-induced invadopodia formation and invasion of glioma cells. Exp Cell Res 2020; 389:111893. [PMID: 32035133 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Compared with noninvasive tumor cells, glioma cells overexpress chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), which exhibits significantly greater expression in invasive tumor cells than in noninvasive tumor cells. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12, also known as stromal derived factor-1, SDF-1) and its cell surface receptor CXCR4 activate a signaling axis that induces the expression of membrane type-2 matrix metalloproteinase (MT2-MMP), which plays a pivotal role in the invasion and migration of various cancer cells; however, the specific mechanism involved in this is unclear. Recently, studies have shown that invadopodia can recruit and secrete related enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM), promoting the invasion and migration of tumor cells. Phosphorylated cortactin (pY421-cortactin) is required for the formation and maturation of invadopodia, but the upstream regulatory factors and kinases involved in phosphorylation have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that CXCL12/CXCR4 was capable of inducing glioma cell invadopodia formation, probably by regulating cortactin phosphorylation. The interaction of cortactin and Arg (also known as Abl-related nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, ABL2) in glioma cells was demonstrated. The silencing of Arg inhibited glioma cell invadopodia formation and invasion by blocking cortactin phosphorylation. Moreover, CXCL12 could not induce glioma cell invasion in Arg-knockdown glioma cells. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Arg mediates CXCL12/CXCR4-induced glioma cell invasion, and CXCL12/CXCR4 regulates invadopodia maturation through the Arg-cortactin pathway, which indicates that Arg could be a candidate therapeutic target to inhibit glioma cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, PR China
| | - Shengping Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Long Hai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, PR China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, PR China.
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16
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Recent Advances in Head and Neck Tumor Microenvironment-Based Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1296:11-31. [PMID: 34185284 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59038-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are a group of heterogeneous aggressive tumors affecting more than half a million patients worldwide annually. While the tobacco- and alcohol-associated HNSCC tumors are declining, human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced tumors are on rise. Despite recent advances in multimodality therapeutic interventions including surgery in combination with chemoradiation therapy (CRT), the overall 5-year survival has not improved more than 50%. The underlying reasons for this dismal prognosis is the intrinsic or acquired resistance to CRT. While previous studies were focused to target tumor cells, recent findings have implicated the involvement of tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor progression and response to therapy. HNSCC TME includes cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), endothelial cells, immune cells, endocrine cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including collagen and fibronectin. Understanding the crosstalk between TME and cancer cells is important to formulate more effective novel therapies and to overcome resistance mechanisms. Here, we summarized the current literature on recent advances on HNSCC TME with special emphasis on novel cell-cell interactions and therapies currently under development.
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Mousavi A. CXCL12/CXCR4 signal transduction in diseases and its molecular approaches in targeted-therapy. Immunol Lett 2019; 217:91-115. [PMID: 31747563 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are small molecules called "chemotactic cytokines" and regulate many processes like leukocyte trafficking, homing of immune cells, maturation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, physiology, migration during development, and host immune responses. These proteins bind to their corresponding 7-membrane G-protein-coupled receptors. Chemokines and their receptors are anti-inflammatory factors in autoimmune conditions, so consider as potential targets for neutralization in such diseases. They also express by cancer cells and function as angiogenic factors, and/or survival/growth factors that enhance tumor angiogenesis and development. Among chemokines, the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis has significantly been studied in numerous cancers and autoimmune diseases. CXCL12 is a homeostatic chemokine, which is acts as an anti-inflammatory chemokine during autoimmune inflammatory responses. In cancer cells, CXCL12 acts as an angiogenic, proliferative agent and regulates tumor cell apoptosis as well. CXCR4 has a role in leukocyte chemotaxis in inflammatory situations in numerous autoimmune diseases, as well as the high levels of CXCR4, observed in different types of human cancers. These findings suggest CXCL12/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target for therapy of autoimmune diseases and open a new approach to targeted-therapy of cancers by neutralizing CXCL12 and CXCR4. In this paper, we reviewed the current understanding of the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in disease pathology and cancer biology, and discuss its therapeutic implications in cancer and diseases.
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18
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Makarov V, Gorlin A. Meta-analysis of gene expression for development and validation of a diagnostic biomarker panel for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 82:74-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Luo N, Chen DD, Liu L, Li L, Cheng ZP. CXCL12 promotes human ovarian cancer cell invasion through suppressing ARHGAP10 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:416-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Li J, Yang C, Yang J, Zou L. Down-regulation of CCL17 in cancer-associated fibroblasts inhibits cell migration and invasion of breast cancer through ERK1/2 pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7439-7453. [PMID: 31496803 PMCID: PMC6689663 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s211651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment are involved in cancer development and progression, including breast cancer (BC). Up-regulation of CCL17 was observed in BC and predicted a decrease in overall survival, suggesting an important role of CCL17 in BC development. Nonetheless, little is known about the role of CCL17 in the interaction between CAFs and BC. Materials and methods Real-time quantitative PCR, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to examine C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) levels in BC tissues and CAFs. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of CAFs co-cultured with or without BC cell lines were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell analysis. Expression of CCL17, CCR4, dual specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, and phosphor-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in BC cell lines co-cultured with or without CAFs was measured by Western blotting. Results We found that BC tissues and CAFs demonstrated higher levels of CCL17 compared with adjacent-normal breast tissues and adjacent-normal fibroblasts (NFs), respectively. CCL17 expression is correlated with lymph nodes, TNM stage and tumor size of BC patients. CCL17 knockdown significantly inhibited CCL17 release, CCR4 expression, and the cell proliferation of CAFs, while CCL17 overexpression demonstrated an inverse effect in NFs. Co-culture with CAFs induced the increases in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and the expression of CCL17, CCR4, MMP13, and p-ERK1/2 in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were markedly reversed by CCL17 knockdown in CAFs. Meanwhile, co-culture with NFs induced the malignant phenotype of MCF-7 cells was markedly enhanced by CCL17 overexpression in NFs. Moreover, DUSP6, a negative regulator of ERK1/2, was dose-dependent decrease in response to recombinant CCL17 and inhibited cell migration, invasion, MMP13 expression, and ERK1/2 activation in MCF-7 cells. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that CCL17 may function as a novel biomarker as well as potential therapeutic target against BC and CAF-secreted CCL17 promotes BC cell migration and invasion through the DUSP6-dependent ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingshi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Zou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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21
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Optical approaches for single-cell and subcellular analysis of GPCR-G protein signaling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4481-4508. [PMID: 30927013 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), G proteins, and their signaling associates are major signal transducers that control the majority of cellular signaling and regulate key biological functions including immune, neurological, cardiovascular, and metabolic processes. These pathways are targeted by over one-third of drugs on the market; however, the current understanding of their function is limited and primarily derived from cell-destructive approaches providing an ensemble of static, multi-cell information about the status and composition of molecules. Spatiotemporal behavior of molecules involved is crucial to understanding in vivo cell behaviors both in health and disease, and the advent of genetically encoded fluorescence proteins and small fluorophore-based biosensors has facilitated the mapping of dynamic signaling in cells with subcellular acuity. Since we and others have developed optogenetic methods to regulate GPCR-G protein signaling in single cells and subcellular regions using dedicated wavelengths, the desire to develop and adopt optogenetically amenable assays to measure signaling has motivated us to take a broader look at the available optical tools and approaches compatible with measuring single-cell and subcellular GPCR-G protein signaling. Here we review such key optical approaches enabling the examination of GPCR, G protein, secondary messenger, and downstream molecules such as kinase and lipid signaling in living cells. The methods reviewed employ both fluorescence and bioluminescence detection. We not only further elaborate the underlying principles of these sensors but also discuss the experimental criteria and limitations to be considered during their use in single-cell and subcellular signal mapping.
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Xiong J, Feng J, Qiu L, Gao Z, Li P, Pang L, Zhang Z. SDF-1-loaded PLGA nanoparticles for the targeted photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of metastatic lymph nodes in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Pharm 2019; 554:93-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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The ectoenzyme-side of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) makes inflammation by serum amyloid A (SAA) and chemokines go round. Immunol Lett 2018; 205:1-8. [PMID: 29870759 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During an inflammatory response, a large number of distinct mediators appears in the affected tissues or in the blood circulation. These include acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A (SAA), cytokines and chemokines and proteolytic enzymes. Although these molecules are generated within a cascade sequence in specific body compartments allowing for independent action, their co-appearance in space and time during acute or chronic inflammation points toward important mutual interactions. Pathogen-associated molecular patterns lead to fast induction of the pro-inflammatory endogenous pyrogens, which are evoking the acute phase response. Interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferons simultaneously trigger different cell types, including leukocytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts for tissue-specific or systemic production of chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In addition, SAA induces chemokines and both stimulate secretion of MMPs from multiple cell types. As a consequence, these mediators may cooperate to enhance the inflammatory response. Indeed, SAA synergizes with chemokines to increase chemoattraction of monocytes and granulocytes. On the other hand, MMPs post-translationally modify chemokines and SAA to reduce their activity. Indeed, MMPs internally cleave SAA with loss of its cytokine-inducing and direct chemotactic potential whilst retaining its capacity to synergize with chemokines in leukocyte migration. Finally, MMPs truncate chemokines at their NH2- or COOH-terminal end, resulting in reduced or enhanced chemotactic activity. Therefore, the complex interactions between chemokines, SAA and MMPs either maintain or dampen the inflammatory response.
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Lavaee F, Zare S, Mojtahedi Z, Malekzadeh M, Khademi B, Ghaderi A. Serum CXCL12, but not CXCR4, Is Associated with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:901-904. [PMID: 29693336 PMCID: PMC6031803 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequent malignancy of the head and neck (HN) region.
We here evaluated associations of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1or CXCL12) and its receptor, CXCR4, with
HNSCCs. Materials and Methods: Sixty newly diagnosed HNSCC patients were enrolled in the patient group, and 28
healthy individuals in the control group. Plasma levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 were measured using ELISA kits.
Results: There was a significant difference in mean CXCL12, but not CXCR4, plasma levels between the patient and
control groups (P=0.0001). No significant associations were found between mean plasma levels of either CXCL12 or
CXCR4 with age, gender, tumor site, tumor size, lymph-node involvement or tumor stage. Conclusion: For the first
time, our findings demonstrate a significant association between serum CXCL12 but not CXCR4 levels and HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Lavaee
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Stem cell autocrine CXCL12/CXCR4 stimulates invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36149-36160. [PMID: 28193907 PMCID: PMC5482645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract. The greatest obstacle to the curing of esophageal cancer is its propensity to spread and metastasize. Esophageal cancer stem cells are considered the source for recurrence and metastasis of the tumors. While clinical evidence suggested that continuous up-regulation of CXCL12/CXCR4 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer, but the role and mechanism of CXCL12/CXCR4 in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer has not been reported by far. This study found that esophageal cancer stem cells not only autocrine a great amount of CXCL12, but also high expression of its corresponding receptor CXCR4. Most importantly, the ability of esophageal cancer stem cells to spread and metastasize could be inhibited by blockage of CXCR4 with inhibitors or shRNA approaches both in vivo and in vitro studies. The important role of CXCL12 in the invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer stem cells was also confirmed by loss-of-function and gain-of-function strategies. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 activated the ERK1/2 pathway and thereby ultimately maintained the characteristics of high-level invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer stem cells. Taken together, our findings suggested that autocrine CXCL12/CXCR4 was one of the major mechanisms underlying the metastatic property of esophageal cancer stem cells through ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and might serve as a therapeutic target for esophageal cancer patients.
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Zhao Y, Tang H, Zeng X, Ye D, Liu J. Resveratrol inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion via Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in renal cell carcinoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:36-44. [PMID: 29241073 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that resveratrol (RES) inhibits cancer cell growth, migration and invasion. Here, we evaluated RES in two human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines, ACHN and A498. We investigated the effects of RES on proliferation, cell morphology, colony formation, migration, and invasion. We used a proliferation assay to demonstrate that RES inhibited cell growth with IC50 values 132.9±1.064μM in ACHN, and 112.8±1.191μM in A498, respectively. Using inverted contrast microscopy, we showed that RES reduced cell-to-cell contact and inhibited formation of filopodia. A wound healing assay showed that RES inhibited migration of RCC cells. A Transwell assay showed that RES inhibited RCC migration and invasion. Western blot analysis showed that RES suppresses expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Snail, MMP-2, MMP-9, p-Akt and p-ERK1/2, but increased expression of E-cadherin and TIMP-1. In the presence of PD98059, the inhibitor of ERK1/2 pathway, we repeated all of the above experiments, showed that RES acted via the ERK1/2 pathway. Taken together, our results suggested that RES suppressed RCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These effects likely resulted from inactivation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwan Zhao
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Huancheng Tang
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Dongcai Ye
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Laboratory of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China.
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De-Colle C, Menegakis A, Mönnich D, Welz S, Boeke S, Sipos B, Fend F, Mauz PS, Tinhofer I, Budach V, Abu Jawad J, Stuschke M, Balermpas P, Rödel C, Grosu AL, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Belka C, Ganswindt U, Pigorsch S, Combs SE, Lohaus F, Linge A, Krause M, Baumann M, Zips D. SDF-1/CXCR4 expression is an independent negative prognostic biomarker in patients with head and neck cancer after primary radiochemotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 126:125-131. [PMID: 29061496 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preclinical and clinical data suggest that the chemokine pathway governed by SDF-1 and CXCR4 contributes to a resistant phenotype. This retrospective biomarker study aims to explore the specific prognostic value of SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) treated with primary radiochemotherapy (RT-CT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Biopsies from 141 HNSCC tumours of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx were evaluated for SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression by immunofluorescence. SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression was correlated with clinico-pathological characteristics and outcome after RT-CT. RESULTS Patients with tumours exhibiting overexpression of intracellular SDF-1 and CXCR4 have a higher risk for loco-regional relapse and a worse overall survival after RT-CT (multivariate analysis, hazard ratio 2.33, CI [1.18-4.62], p = 0.02 and hazard ratio 2.02, CI [1.13-3.59], p = 0.02, respectively). Similar results were observed when only the subgroup of HPV DNA negative patients were analysed (hazard ratio 2.23 and 2.16, p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our data support the importance of SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression for loco-regional control and overall survival in HNSCC after primary radiochemotherapy. Prospective multivariate validation and further studies into CXCR4 inhibition to overcome radiation resistance are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De-Colle
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Mönnich
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Welz
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Boeke
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul-Stefan Mauz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Budach
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jehad Abu Jawad
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Frankfurt, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Translational Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Munich, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Ganswindt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Munich, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Munich, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Germany.; Institute for Innovative radiation therapy in Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Munich, Germany; Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Germany.; Institute for Innovative radiation therapy in Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, Germany; Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), partner site Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The survival rate for patients with advanced stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) remains poor despite multimodal treatment options. Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR inhibitor, is the only FDA-approved targeted agent for this disease. Recent findings have implicated modifications of the microenvironment and, consequently, phenotypical modifications of the cancer cell, in treatment resistance mechanisms. For many years, cancer research has focused mainly on targetable sites on or inside the cancer cell. Nowadays, in preclinical and clinical studies, a greater emphasis is being placed on drugs that target the tumor microenvironment. Potential targets relate to tumor vascularization, immunology, extracellular matrix components, or cancer-associated fibroblasts. The combination of these new agents with standard treatment options is of particular interest to overcome resistance mechanisms and/or to increase treatment efficacy. Whereas antiangiogenic agents show poor clinical activity, immunotherapy seems to be a more promising tool with an objective response rate (ORR) of 20 % in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (R/M SCC). Other targets, located inside the extracellular matrix or on cancer associated fibroblasts, are under preclinical investigation. These new agents all need to be tested in clinical trials alone, or in combination with standard treatment modalities, based on preclinical data. To increase our knowledge of the complex network between the cancer cell and its environment, preclinical studies should consider co-culture models, and clinical studies should incorporate a translational research objective.
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De-Colle C, Mönnich D, Welz S, Boeke S, Sipos B, Fend F, Mauz PS, Tinhofer I, Budach V, Jawad JA, Stuschke M, Balermpas P, Rödel C, Grosu AL, Abdollahi A, Debus J, Bayer C, Belka C, Pigorsch S, Combs SE, Lohaus F, Linge A, Krause M, Baumann M, Zips D, Menegakis A. SDF-1/CXCR4 expression in head and neck cancer and outcome after postoperative radiochemotherapy. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 5:28-36. [PMID: 29594214 PMCID: PMC5833920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Outcome after postoperative radiochemotherapy (RT-CT) for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remains unsatisfactory, especially among those with HPV negative tumours. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to further define subgroups for individualised therapeutic approaches. Preclinical and first clinical observations showed that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand SDF-1 (CXCL12) play an important role in tumour cell proliferation, survival, cancer progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. However, the data on the prognostic value of SDF-1/CXCR4 expression for HNSCC are conflicting. The aim of our hypothesis-generating study was to retrospectively explore the prognostic potential of SDF-1/CXCR4 in a well-defined cohort of HNSCC patients collected within the multicenter biomarker study of the German Cancer Consortium Radiation Oncology Group (DKTK-ROG). MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with stage III and IVA HNSCC of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx were treated with resection and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) with ≥60 Gy and concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy (CT). Tissue micro-arrays (TMAs) from a total of 221 patients were generated from surgical specimens, 201 evaluated for the SDF-1 and CXCR4 expression by immunofluorescence and correlated with clinico-pathological and outcome data. RESULTS In univariate and multivariate analyses intracellular SDF-1 expression was associated with lower loco-regional control (LRC) in the entire patient group as well as in the HPV16 DNA negative subgroup. CXCR4 expression showed a trend for lower LRC in the univariate analysis which was not confirmed in the multivariate analysis. Neither for SDF-1 nor CXCR4 expression associations with distant metastasis free or overall survival were found. CONCLUSIONS Our exploratory data support the hypothesis that overexpression of intracellular SDF-1 is an independent negative prognostic biomarker for LRC after postoperative RT-CT in high-risk HNSCC. Prospective validation is warranted and further exploration of SDF-1/CXCR4 as a potential therapeutic target to overcome treatment resistance in HNSCC appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De-Colle
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Mönnich
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Welz
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simon Boeke
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bence Sipos
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul-Stefan Mauz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inge Tinhofer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Budach
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jehad Abu Jawad
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Balermpas
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Claus Rödel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anca-Ligia Grosu
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Amir Abdollahi
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Translational Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Jürgen Debus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Radiation Oncology (HIRO), National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology (NCRO), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Heidelberg Ion Therapy Center (HIT), Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Radiation Oncology, University of Heidelberg Medical School and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Germany
| | - Christine Bayer
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffi Pigorsch
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Institute for Innovative Radiation Therapy in Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München, Institute for Innovative Radiation Therapy in Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Fabian Lohaus
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Linge
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Mechthild Krause
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Germany
| | - Michael Baumann
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
- OncoRay – National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology – OncoRay, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Apostolos Menegakis
- Radiation Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Role of Forkhead Box Class O proteins in cancer progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:142-151. [PMID: 28774834 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that several gene alterations including transcription factors are critically involved in cancer progression and metastasis. Forkhead Box Class O proteins (FoxOs) including FoxO1/FKHR, FoxO3/FKHRL1, FoxO4/AFX and FoxO6 transcription factors are known to play key roles in proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, cell metabolism, aging and cancer biology through their phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and methylation. Though FoxOs are proved to be mainly regulated by upstream phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3 K)/Akt signaling pathway, the role of FoxOs in cancer progression and metastasis still remains unclear so far. Thus, with previous experimental evidences, the present review discussed the role of FoxOs in association with metastasis related molecules including cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1), Cdc25A/Cdk2, Src, serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases (SGKs), CXCR4, E-cadherin, annexin A8 (ANXA8), Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and mRNAs such as miR-182, miR-135b, miR-499-5p, miR-1274a, miR-150, miR-34b/c and miR-622, subsequently analyzed the molecular mechanism of some natural compounds targeting FoxOs and finally suggested future research directions in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Al-Jokhadar M, Al-Mandily A, Zaid K, Azar Maalouf E. CCR7 and CXCR4 Expression in Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Nodal Metastases – a Clinical and Immunohistochemical Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1093-1104. [PMID: 28547946 PMCID: PMC5494221 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.4.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are common head and neck malignancies demonstrating lymph node LN involvement. Recently chemokine receptor overxpression has been reported in many cancers. Of particular interest, CCR7 appears to be a strong mediator of LN metastases, while CXCR4 may mediate distant metastases. Any relations between their expression in primary HNSCCs and metastatic lymph nodes need to be clarified. Aims: To investigate CCR7 andCXCR4 expression in primary HNSCCs of all tumor sizes, clinical stages and histological grades, as well as involved lymph nodes, then make comparisons, also with control normal oral epithelium. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 60 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of primary HNSCCs, 77 others of metastasi-positive lymph nodes, and 10 of control normal oral epithelial tissues. Sections were conventionally stained with H&E and immunohistochemically with monoclonal anti-CCR7 and monoclonal anti-CXCR4 antibodies. Positive cells were counted under microscopic assessment in four fields (X40) per case. Results: There was no variation among primary HNSCC tumors staining positive for CCR7 and CXCR4 with tumor size of for CCR7 with lymph node involvement. However, a difference was noted between primary HNSCC tumors stained by CXCR4 with a single as compared to more numerous node involvement. CXCR4 appear to vary with the clinical stagebut no links were noted with histological grades. Staining for primary HNSCC tumors and metastatic lymph nodes correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Al-Jokhadar
- Department of Oral Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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Utispan K, Koontongkaew S. Fibroblasts and macrophages: Key players in the head and neck cancer microenvironment. J Oral Biosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cybula M, Wieteska Ƚ, Józefowicz-Korczyńska M, Karbownik MS, Grzelczyk WL, Szemraj J. New miRNA expression abnormalities in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 16:559-68. [PMID: 27002759 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the development of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies concerning laryngeal cancer is highly intensive, the survival rate remains virtually unchanged. Small non-coding RNAs appear to be very promising biomarkers - and so remain the focus of extensive investigation in laryngeal cancer. OBJECTIVE We examined the expression of five miRNA and five genes related to cancer whether they could be potential laryngeal cancer biomarkers. METHODS We performed an analysis in 47 patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. The qPCR technique was used to investigate the expression profile. RESULTS While miR-21-3p and miR-525-5p were found to be significantly up-regulated, miR-139-3p and miR-885-5p expression is lower in laryngeal cancer. Moreover, PIK3R1 and HACE1 were found to be also down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS The change in miRNA expression is frequent than the expression of other tested genes. The expression of passenger strands such as miR-21-3p and miR-139-3p, which are rarely investigated, is also significantly affected in laryngeal cancer. While PIK3R1, HACE1, miR-139-3p, and miR-885-5p may act as tumor suppressor genes in the studied tumour type, miR-21-3p and miR-525-5p seem to have oncogenic properties. Our findings suggest that miR-885-5p and PIK3R1 are the best indicators for the classification of laryngeal cancer tissue and normal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cybula
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ƚukasz Wieteska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | | - Weronika Lucas Grzelczyk
- Department of Otolaryngology and Oncological Laryngology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Pacitto R, Gaeta I, Swanson JA, Yoshida S. CXCL12-induced macropinocytosis modulates two distinct pathways to activate mTORC1 in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:683-692. [PMID: 28250113 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0316-141rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although growth factors and chemokines elicit different overall effects on cells-growth and chemotaxis, respectively-and activate distinct classes of cell-surface receptors, nonetheless, they trigger similar cellular activities and signaling pathways. The growth factor M-CSF and the chemokine CXCL12 both stimulate the endocytic process of macropinocytosis, and both activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a protein complex that regulates cell metabolism. Recent studies of signaling by M-CSF in macrophages identified a role for macropinocytosis in the activation of mTORC1, in which delivery of extracellular amino acids into lysosomes via macropinocytosis was required for activation of mTORC1. Here, we analyzed the regulation of macropinosome (MP) formation in response to CXCL12 and identified 2 roles for macropinocytosis in the activation of mTORC1. Within 5 min of adding CXCL12, murine macrophages increased ruffling, macropinocytosis and amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1. Inhibitors of macropinocytosis blocked activation of mTORC1, and various isoform-specific inhibitors of type 1 PI3K and protein kinase C (PKC) showed similar patterns of inhibition of macropinocytosis and mTORC1 activity. However, unlike the response to M-CSF, Akt phosphorylation (pAkt) in response to CXCL12 required the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of macropinocytic cups. Quantitative fluorescence microscopy showed that phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), a product of PI3K and an upstream activator of Akt, localized to macropinocytic cups and that pAkt occurred primarily in cups. These results indicate that CXCL12 activates mTORC1 via 2 mechanisms: 1) that the macropinocytic cup localizes Akt signaling and 2) that MPs convey extracellular nutrients to lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Pacitto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Isabella Gaeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sei Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Katkoori VR, Basson MD, Bond VC, Manne U, Bumpers HL. Nef-M1, a peptide antagonist of CXCR4, inhibits tumor angiogenesis and epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition in colon and breast cancers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27763-77. [PMID: 26318034 PMCID: PMC4695024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nef-M1 peptide competes effectively with the natural ligand of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha, to induce apoptosis and inhibit growth in colon cancer (CRC) and breast cancer (BC). Its role in tumor angiogenesis, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulation, key steps involved in tumor growth and metastasis, are unknown. We evaluated the angioinhibitory effect of Nef-M1 peptide and examined its role in the inhibition of EMT in these cancers. Colon (HT29) and breast (MDA-MB231) cancer cells expressing CXCR4 were studied in vitro and in xenograft tumors propagated in severe combined immunodeficient mice. The mice were treated intraperitoneally with Nef-M1 or scrambled amino acid sequence of Nef-M1 (sNef-M1) peptide, a negative control, starting at the time of tumor implantation. Sections from tumors were evaluated for tumor angiogenesis, as measured by microvessel density (MVD) based on immunostaining of endothelial markers. In vitro tumor angiogenesis was assessed by treating human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned media from the tumor cell lines. A BC cell line (MDA-MB 468) which does not express CXCR4 was used to study the actions of Nef-M1 peptide. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses assessed the effect of Nef-M1 on tumor angiogenesis and EMT in both tumors and cancer cells. Metastatic lesions of CRC and BC expressed more CXCR4 than primary lesions. It was also found that tumors from mice treated with sNef-M1 had well established vascularity, while Nef-M1 treated tumors had very poor vascularization. Indeed, the mean MVD was lower in tumors from Nef-M1 treated mice than in sNef-M1 treated tumors. Nef-M1 treated tumor has poor morphology and loss of endothelial integrity. Although conditioned medium from CRC or BC cells supported HUVEC tube formation, the conditioned medium from Nef-M1 treated CRC or BC cells did not support tube formation. Western blot analyses revealed that Nef-M1 effectively suppressed the expression of VEGF-A in CRC and BC cells and tumors. This suggests that Nef-M1 treated CRC and BC cells are more consistent with E-cadherin signature, and thus appears more epithelial in nature. Our data indicate that Nef-M1 peptide inhibits tumor angiogenesis and the oncogenic EMT process. Targeting the chemokine receptor, CXCR4, mediated pathways using Nef-M1 may prove to be a novel therapeutic approach for CRC and BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat R Katkoori
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Marc D Basson
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vincent C Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harvey L Bumpers
- Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine, Lansing, MI, USA
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Mishan MA, Ahmadiankia N, Bahrami AR. CXCR4 and CCR7: Two eligible targets in targeted cancer therapy. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:955-67. [PMID: 27248053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common cause of death in the world with high negative emotional, economic, and social impacts. Conventional therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have not proven satisfactory and relapse is common in most cases. Recent studies have focused on targeted therapy with more precise identification and targeted attacks to the cancer cells. For this purpose, chemokine receptors are proper targets and among them, CXCR4 and CCR7, with a crucial role in cancer metastasis, are being considered as desired candidates for investigation. In this review paper, the most important experimental results are highlighted on the potential targeted therapies based on CXCR4 and CCR7 chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Expression of the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis predicts regional control in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:4525-4533. [PMID: 27328961 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis has been related with the appearance of metastatic recurrence survival, including regional and distant recurrence, in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). RT-PCR was used to determine mRNA expression levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in biopsy tumor samples in 111 patients with HNSCC. Five-year regional recurrence-free survival for patients with low CXCR4 expression (n = 39, 31.5 %) was 97.4 %, for patients with high CXCR4/high CXCL12 expression (n = 22, 19.8 %) it was 94.7 %, and for patients with high CXCR4/low CXCL12 expression (n = 50, 45.0 %) it was 63.3 %. We found significant differences in the regional recurrence-free survival according to CXCR4/CXCL12 expression values (P = 0.001). HNSCC patients with high CXCR4 and low CXCL12 expression values had a significantly higher risk of regional recurrence and could benefit from a more intense treatment of lymph node areas in the neck.
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Dahiya K, Dhankhar R. Updated overview of current biomarkers in head and neck carcinoma. World J Methodol 2016; 6:77-86. [PMID: 27018324 PMCID: PMC4804254 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell cancer is the most common type of malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the head and neck region. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the predominant causes of cancer related casualties worldwide. Overall prognosis in this disease has improved to some extent with the advancements in therapeutic modalities but detection of primary tumor at its initial stage and prevention of relapse are the major targets to be achieved for further improvement in terms of survival rate of patients. Latest achievements in basic research regarding molecular characterization of the disease has helped in better perception of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC progression and also in recognizing and targeting various molecular biomarkers associated with HNSCC. In the present article, we review the information regarding latest and potential biomarkers for the early detection of HNSCC. A detailed molecular characterization, ultimately, is likely to improve the development of new therapeutic strategies, potentially relevant to diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancers. The need for more accurate and timely disease prediction has generated enormous research interests in this field.
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Tang W, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Lin Z. CXCL12 and CXCR4 as predictive biomarkers of glioma recurrence pattern after total resection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:190-8. [PMID: 26277915 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Previous studies have shown that the pattern of recurrence for glioma is related to the direction of glioma cell invasion. Recent studies demonstrated that the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway mediates cellular invasion in glioma. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the possible relationship between CXCL12/CXCR4 expression and recurrence pattern in glioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess CXCL12/CXCR4 expression in 42 glioma tissues following total resection. According to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of gliomas, the recurrence pattern was classified as close or distant pattern. The relationship between recurrence pattern and CXCL12/CXCR4 expression were initially examined by Chi-squared analysis. The prognostic significance of CXCL12 and CXCR4 was determined by log-rank tests and COX proportional hazards model. RESULTS CXCL12 was expressed mainly in vascular endothelial cells and CXCR4 was expressed mainly in tumor cells. The recurrence pattern was significantly related to the expression level of CXCL12 in vascular endothelial cells (P=0.002) and CXCR4 in tumor cells (P=0.004). However, CXCL12 and CXCR4 were not independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival or overall survival in glioma patients. CONCLUSION The glioma recurrence pattern is related to CXCL12 expression levels in vascular endothelial cells and CXCR4 expression levels in tumor cells; thus, implicating the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway as a potential target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Cazhong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Sanbo Brain Hospital, 50 Xiangshanyikesong Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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40
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CXCL12 and CXCR4, but not CXCR7, are primarily expressed by the stroma in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Pathology 2015; 47:45-50. [PMID: 25474514 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0000000000000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is involved in numerous models of metastatic dissemination, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We assessed the relative expressions of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 in the stroma and the tumour of HNSCC, and evaluated the methylation status of the CXCL12 promoter.Snap-frozen, HPV negative HNSCC samples were micro-dissected to isolate the tumoural and stromal compartments. The expression levels of CXCL12, CXCR4 and CXCR7 were assessed by qRT-PCR, and the methylation level of the CXCL12 promoter was evaluated by pyrosequencing.In total, 23 matched tumour/stroma samples were analysed. Higher expressions of CXCR4 and CXCL12 were observed in the stroma (p = 0.012 and p < 0.0001, respectively). No significant difference in expression was observed for CXCR7. A high methylation level (>40%) of the CXCL12 promoter was observed in only a few tumoural samples (5/23) and was associated with a lower expression of the gene (p = 0.03).Stromal cells, rather than the tumour itself, are mainly responsible for the expression of both CXCL12 and CXCR4 expression in HNSCC. CXCR7 expression did not differ between the two compartments and was not related to CXCL12 or CXCR4 expression. Finally, the methylation of the CXCL12 promoter could only explain the low intra-tumoural expression of this gene in 20% of cases.
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Zhang B, Luo Q, Sun J, Xu B, Ju Y, Yang L, Song G. MGF enhances tenocyte invasion through MMP-2 activity via the FAK-ERK1/2 pathway. Wound Repair Regen 2015; 23:394-402. [PMID: 25847391 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tendon regeneration and healing requires tenocytes to move to the repair site followed by proliferation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. A novel synthetic growth factor, mechano-growth factor (MGF), has been discovered to have positive roles in tissue repair through the improvement of cell proliferation and migration and the protection of cells against injury-induced apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether MGF has the potential to accelerate tendon repair. In this study, using a transwell system, we found that MGF-C25E (a synthetic mechano-growth factor E peptide) significantly promotes tenocyte invasion, which was accompanied by the increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) as well as the increased activity of matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2). The MMP-2 inhibitor OA-Hy blocked MGF-C25E-promoted tenocyte invasion. Inhibitors of FAK or ERK1/2 blocked MGF-C25E-promoted tenocyte invasion and MMP-2 activity as well. These results indicate that MGF-C25E promotes tenocyte invasion by increasing MMP-2 activity via the FAK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings provide the first evidence that MGF-C25E enhances tenocyte invasion and indicate that it may serve as a potential repair material for promoting the healing and regeneration of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyao Xu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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ANGPTL2 increases bone metastasis of breast cancer cells through enhancing CXCR4 signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9170. [PMID: 25773070 PMCID: PMC4360633 DOI: 10.1038/srep09170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metastasis of breast cancer cells is a major concern, as it causes increased morbidity and mortality in patients. Bone tissue-derived CXCL12 preferentially recruits breast cancer cells expressing CXCR4 to bone metastatic sites. Thus, understanding how CXCR4 expression is regulated in breast cancer cells could suggest approaches to decrease bone metastasis of breast tumor cells. Here, we show that tumor cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) increases responsiveness of breast cancer cells to CXCL12 by promoting up-regulation of CXCR4 in those cells. In addition, we used a xenograft mouse model established by intracardiac injection of tumor cells to show that ANGPTL2 knockdown in breast cancer cells attenuates tumor cell responsiveness to CXCL12 by decreasing CXCR4 expression in those cells, thereby decreasing bone metastasis. Finally, we found that ANGPTL2 and CXCR4 expression levels within primary tumor tissues from breast cancer patients are positively correlated. We conclude that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 may increase bone metastasis by enhancing breast tumor cell responsiveness to CXCL12 signaling through up-regulation of tumor cell CXCR4 expression. These findings may suggest novel therapeutic approaches to treat metastatic breast cancer.
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Characteristics of Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in Glottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Benign Vocal Fold Lesions. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 8:57-64. [PMID: 25729497 PMCID: PMC4338093 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2015.8.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in glottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs) and to correlate it with clinical and pathological features. Methods The immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was investigated in specimens taken from 217 patients group, including vocal fold polyps (n=39), recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (n=30), laryngeal keratosis (n=36), glottic SCC (n=112), and the normal tissue of vocal fold (n=12, control group). The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, both in epithelium and stroma cells, was graded on a semiquantitative scale, ranging from 0 (no expression) to 18 points (high expression). Results Expressions of both, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were significantly higher in the glottic SCC group comparing with BVFL group. Significant higher expression of parenchymal MMP-2 (P<0.001) and stromal MMP-9 (P=0.01) was revealed in the group of moderate/poorly differentiated glottic SCC comparing with well differentiated glottic SCC group. Expression of stroma MMP-2 was found to be correlated with nodal metastasis (P=0.030). Expressions of both, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not correlated with clinical stage, tumor T value, smoking, alcohol use, age in the glottic SSC patients group. The MMP-2 stroma value of 11.2 points was determined as the optimum point (limiting value) for separating BVFL and glottic SCC patient groups. Conclusion Our results suggest that expressions of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 are up-regulated already in the development of BVFL, the next determinant step is concerned with occurrence of malignization. Limiting value of stroma MMP-2 demonstrates prognostic importance of MMP-2 in glottic SCC carcinogenesis.
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Zhang B, Luo Q, Chen Z, Sun J, Xu B, Ju Y, Song G. Cyclic mechanical stretching promotes migration but inhibits invasion of rat bone marrow stromal cells. Stem Cell Res 2015; 14:155-64. [PMID: 25633387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs, also broadly known as bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are multipotent stem cells that have a self-renewal capacity and multilineage differentiation potential. Mechanical stretching plays a vital role in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. However, little is known about the effects of cyclic stretching on BMSC migration and invasion. In this study, using a custom-made cell-stretching device, we studied the effects of cyclic mechanical stretching on rat BMSC migration and invasion using a Transwell Boyden Chamber. The protein secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was detected by gelatin zymography, and the activation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and extracellular signal regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) was measured by western blot. We found that cyclic mechanical stretching with 10% amplitude at 1Hz frequency for 8h promotes BMSC migration, but reduces BMSC invasion. FAK and ERK1/2 signals were activated in BMSCs after exposure to cyclic stretching. In the presence of the FAK phosphorylation blocker PF573228 or the ERK1/2 phosphorylation blocker PD98059, the cyclic-stretch-promoted migration of BMSCs was completely suppressed. On the other hand, cyclic mechanical stretching reduced the secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in BMSCs, and PF573228 suppressed the cyclic-stretch-reduced secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The decrease of BMSC invasion induced by mechanical stretching is partially restored by PF573228 but remained unaffected by PD98059. Taken together, these data show that cyclic mechanical stretching promotes BMSC migration via the FAK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway, but reduces BMSC invasion by decreasing secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 via FAK, independent of the ERK1/2 signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyao Xu
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Guanbin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China.
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Lin CH, Shih CH, Tseng CC, Yu CC, Tsai YJ, Bien MY, Chen BC. CXCL12 induces connective tissue growth factor expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/ERK, JNK, and AP-1 pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104746. [PMID: 25121739 PMCID: PMC4133236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor-1, SDF-1) is a potent chemokine for homing of CXCR4+ fibrocytes to injury sites of lung tissue, which contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. Overexpression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the roles of Rac1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in CXCL12-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. CXCL12 caused concentration- and time-dependent increases in CTGF expression and CTGF-luciferase activity. CXCL12-induced CTGF expression was inhibited by a CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100), small interfering RNA of CXCR4 (CXCR4 siRNA), a dominant negative mutant of Rac1 (RacN17), a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059), a JNK inhibitor (SP600125), a p21-activated kinase inhibitor (PAK18), c-Jun siRNA, and an AP-1 inhibitor (curcumin). Treatment of cells with CXCL12 caused activations of Rac1, Rho, ERK, and c-Jun. The CXCL12-induced increase in ERK phosphorylation was inhibited by RacN17. Treatment of cells with PD98059 and SP600125 both inhibited CXCL12-induced c-Jun phosphorylation. CXCL12 caused the recruitment of c-Jun and c-Fos binding to the CTGF promoter. Furthermore, CXCL12 induced an increase in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, a myofibroblastic phenotype, and actin stress fiber formation. CXCL12-induced actin stress fiber formation and α-SMA expression were respectively inhibited by AMD3100 and CTGF siRNA. Taken together, our results suggest that CXCL12, acting through CXCR4, activates the Rac/ERK and JNK signaling pathways, which in turn initiates c-Jun phosphorylation, and recruits c-Jun and c-Fos to the CTGF promoter and ultimately induces CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts. Moreover, overexpression of CTGF mediates CXCL12-induced α-SMA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Huang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Huang Shih
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chi Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Jhih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mauo-Ying Bien
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Fiorentini C, Bodei S, Bedussi F, Fragni M, Bonini SA, Simeone C, Zani D, Berruti A, Missale C, Memo M, Spano P, Sigala S. GPNMB/OA protein increases the invasiveness of human metastatic prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 through MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity. Exp Cell Res 2014; 323:100-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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47
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Polanska H, Raudenska M, Gumulec J, Sztalmachova M, Adam V, Kizek R, Masarik M. Clinical significance of head and neck squamous cell cancer biomarkers. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:168-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Yang G, Ma F, Zhong M, Fang L, Peng Y, Xin X, Zhong J, Zhu W, Zhang Y. Interleukin-11 induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in gastric cancer SCH cells partly via the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 pathways. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1371-5. [PMID: 24504547 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is expressed in the majority of gastric carcinomas and has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 has been detected in numerous invasive malignant tumor types and exhibits a broad spectrum of activities on connective tissue components. In this study, we investigated whether IL-11 affects the expression of MMP-13 in human gastric cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanism. Using western blot assays, we investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) IL-11 on the expression of MMP-13 in gastric carcinoma cell lines. Using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and RNA interference to target the STAT3 gene, we investigated the effects of PI3K inhibition and/or STAT3 depletion on the expression of the MMP-13 protein. Results showed that IL-11 induced MMP-13 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in SCH cells. IL-11 activated PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 signal transduction. Wortmannin and depletion of STAT3 by means of small interfering RNA (siRNA) synergistically reduced the expression of MMP-13. These findings suggested that IL-11 induces the expression of MMP-13 in gastric cancer SCH cells partly via the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Muxiao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jietao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Feng X, Yang P, Yang J, An P, Wang H, Ye S, Yu C, He Y, Luo H. Low expression of microRNA-126 is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:358-65. [PMID: 24532280 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-126 (miR-126) has been reported to be a tumor suppressor that targets CXCR4 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This study investigated whether miR-126 has any prognostic impact in patients with CRC. MiR-126 and CXCR4 mRNA expression in 92 pairs of CRC and adjacent nontumorous tissues was examined using quantitative real-time PCR, and CXCR4 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blotting. The correlation between miR-126 and CXCR4 protein expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival rate was determined. MiR-126 was downregulated in CRC tissues that expressed high levels of CXCR4 mRNA. IHC and Western blotting detected high expression of CXCR4 protein in CRC tissues. An inverse correlation was observed between miR-126 and CXCR4 protein expression in CRC tissues. Moreover, low miR-126 and high CXCR4 protein expression was associated with distant metastasis, clinical TNM stage, and poor survival. Multivariate analysis indicated that miR-126 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, suggesting its clinical significance as a prognostic predictor in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, China
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50
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Qiu H, Cao L, Wang D, Xu H, Liang Z. High levels of circulating CD34+/VEGFR3+ lymphatic/vascular endothelial progenitor cells is correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 39:1268-75. [PMID: 23803010 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lymph node metastasis is one of the predictive factors associated with poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. To clarify the role of CD34 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3-positive (CD34+/VEGFR3+) lymphatic/vascular endothelial progenitor cells (LVEPC) in patients with lymph node metastasis and epithelial ovarian cancer progression, the levels of circulating CD34+/VEGFR3+ LVEPC in epithelial ovarian cancer patients were detected. We also tested the plasma protein levels of VEGF and stromal cell-derived factor to find out their possible relationships with lymph node metastasis in our epithelial ovarian cancer cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 54 patients diagnosed as epithelial ovarian cancer, and 31 normal samples as control. The circulating levels of LVEPC were carried out by flow cytometry, and blood protein levels of biomarkers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The level of circulating LVEPC was significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer compared with that of healthy controls. There was also a statistically significant correlation between LVEPC levels and surgical staging of epithelial ovarian cancer (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The circulating levels of bone marrow-derived LVEPC are significantly increased in epithelial ovarian cancer patients and these levels correlate with lymph node metastasis too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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