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Chitcholtan K, Singh M, Tino A, Garrill A, Sykes P. Effects of Resveratrol on In Vivo Ovarian Cancer Cells Implanted on the Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) of a Chicken Embryo Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4374. [PMID: 38673959 PMCID: PMC11049836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer poses a significant threat to patients in its advanced stages, often with limited treatment options available. In such cases, palliative management becomes the primary approach to maintaining a reasonable quality of life. Therefore, the administration of any medication that can benefit patients without a curative option holds potential. Resveratrol, a natural compound known for its in vitro anticancer activities, has generated contrasting results in vivo and human studies. In this study, we aimed to assess the anticancer effects of resveratrol on ovarian cancer cells grown on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos. Two ovarian cancer cell lines, OVCAR-8 and SKOV-3, were cultured in collagen scaffolds for four days before being implanted on the CAM of chicken embryos on day 7. Different doses of resveratrol were applied to the CAM every two days for six days. Subsequently, CAM tissues were excised, fixed, and subjected to histological analysis. Some CAM tumours were extracted to analyse proteins through Western blotting. Our findings indicate that specific doses of resveratrol significantly reduce angiogenic activities, pNF-κB levels, and SLUG protein levels by using immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that resveratrol may have the potential to impact the behaviour of ovarian cancer CAM tumours, thereby warranting further consideration as a complementary treatment option for women with incurable ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Chitcholtan
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (A.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Melanie Singh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Alex Tino
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (A.T.); (P.S.)
| | - Ashley Garrill
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (M.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Peter Sykes
- Gynaecological Cancer Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (A.T.); (P.S.)
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2
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Fernandes R, Costa C, Fernandes R, Barros AN. Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3140. [PMID: 38137361 PMCID: PMC10740737 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernandes
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Cátia Costa
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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3
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Anjum J, Mitra S, Das R, Alam R, Mojumder A, Emran TB, Islam F, Rauf A, Hossain MJ, Aljohani ASM, Abdulmonem WA, Alsharif KF, Alzahrani KJ, Khan H. A renewed concept on the MAPK signaling pathway in cancers: Polyphenols as a choice of therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106398. [PMID: 35988867 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway are a key contributor to the carcinogenesis process and have therefore been implicated in several aspects of tumorigenesis, including cell differentiation, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and metastasis. This pathway offers multiple molecular targets that may be modulated for anticancer activity and is of great interest for several malignancies. Polyphenols from various dietary sources have been observed to interfere with certain aspects of this pathway and consequently play a substantial role in the development and progression of cancer by suppressing cell growth, inactivating carcinogens, blocking angiogenesis, causing cell death, and changing immunity. A good number of polyphenolic compounds have shown promising outcomes in numerous pieces of research and are currently being investigated clinically to treat cancer patients. The current study concentrates on the role of the MAPK pathway in the development and metastasis of cancer, with particular emphasis on dietary polyphenolic compounds that influence the different MAPK sub-pathways to obtain an anticancer effect. This study aims to convey an overview of the various aspects of the MAPK pathway in cancer development and invasion, as well as a review of the advances achieved in the development of polyphenols to modulate the MAPK signaling pathway for better treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Roksana Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Anik Mojumder
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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4
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Huang SB, Rivas P, Yang X, Lai Z, Chen Y, Schadler KL, Hu M, Reddick RL, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. SIRT1 inhibition-induced senescence as a strategy to prevent prostate cancer progression. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:702-716. [PMID: 35452563 PMCID: PMC10161240 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests an important role for SIRT1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent deacetylase in cancer development, progression and therapeutic resistance; making it a viable therapeutic target. Here, we examined the impact of resveratrol-mediated pharmacological activation of SIRT1 on the progression of HGPIN lesions (using the Pten-/- mouse model) and on prostate tumor development (using an orthotopic model of prostate cancer cells stably silenced for SIRT1). We show that precise SIRT1 modulation could benefit both cancer prevention and treatment. Positive effect of SIRT1 activation can prevent Pten deletion-driven development of HGPIN lesions in mice if resveratrol is administered early (pre-cancer stage) with little to no benefit after the establishment of HGPIN lesions or tumor cell implantation. Mechanistically, our results show that under androgen deprivation conditions, SIRT1 inhibition induces senescence as evidenced by decreased gene signature associated with negative regulators of senescence and increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT1 potentiated growth inhibitory effects of clinical androgen receptor blockade agents and radiation. Taken together, our findings provide an explanation for the discrepancy regarding the role of SIRT1 in prostate tumorigenesis. Our results reveal that the bifurcated roles for SIRT1 may occur in stage and context-dependent fashion by functioning in an antitumor role in prevention of early-stage prostate lesion development while promoting tumor development and disease progression post-lesion development. Clinically, these data highlight the importance of precise SIRT1 modulation to provide benefits for cancer prevention and treatment including sensitization to conventional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Bo Huang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paul Rivas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health at San Antonio Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UT Health at San Antonio Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Keri L Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health San Antonio MD Anderson, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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5
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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Human Cancers and the Use of Natural Compounds as Epidrugs: Mechanistic Pathways and Pharmacodynamic Actions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030367. [PMID: 35327559 PMCID: PMC8945214 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the genetic and epigenetic disruption of normal cells. The mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved in tumor transformation has implicated a priori predominance of epigenetic perturbations and a posteriori genetic instability. In this work, we aimed to explain the mechanistic involvement of epigenetic pathways in the cancer process, as well as the abilities of natural bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and ketones) to specifically target the epigenome of tumor cells. The molecular events leading to transformation, angiogenesis, and dissemination are often complex, stochastic, and take turns. On the other hand, the decisive advances in genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have allowed, in recent years, for the mechanistic decryption of the molecular pathways of the cancerization process. This could explain the possibility of specifically targeting this or that mechanism leading to cancerization. With the plasticity and flexibility of epigenetic modifications, some studies have started the pharmacological screening of natural substances against different epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and chromatin remodeling) to restore the cellular memory lost during tumor transformation. These substances can inhibit DNMTs, modify chromatin remodeling, and adjust histone modifications in favor of pre-established cell identity by the differentiation program. Epidrugs are molecules that target the epigenome program and can therefore restore cell memory in cancerous diseases. Natural products isolated from medicinal plants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have shown their ability to exhibit several actions on epigenetic modifiers, such as the inhibition of DNMT, HMT, and HAT. The mechanisms of these substances are specific and pleiotropic and can sometimes be stochastic, and their use as anticancer epidrugs is currently a remarkable avenue in the fight against human cancers.
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Singh KB, Hahm ER, Singh SV. Leelamine suppresses cMyc expression in prostate cancer cells in vitro and inhibits prostate carcinogenesis in vivo. JOURNAL OF CANCER METASTASIS AND TREATMENT 2021; 7. [PMID: 34660908 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2021.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Aim Leelamine (LLM) inhibits growth of human prostate cancer cells but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of LLM on cMyc, which is overexpressed in a subset of human prostate cancers. Methods The effect of LLM on cMyc expression and activity was determined by western blotting/confocal microscopy and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. A transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer (Hi-Myc) was used to determine chemopreventive efficacy of LLM. Results Exposure of androgen sensitive (LNCaP) and castration-resistant (22Rv1) human prostate cancer cells to LLM resulted in downregulation of protein and mRNA levels of cMyc. Overexpression of cMyc partially attenuated LLM-mediated inhibition of colony formation, cell viability, and cell migration in 22Rv1 and/or PC-3 cells. LLM treatment decreased protein levels of cMyc targets (e.g., lactate dehydrogenase), however, overexpression of cMyc did not attenuate these effects. A trend for a decrease in expression level of cMyc protein was discernible in 22Rv1 xenografts from LLM-treated mice compared with control mice. The LLM treatment (10 mg/kg body weight, 5 times/week) was well-tolerated by Hi-Myc transgenic mice. The incidence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, and microinvasion was lower in LLM-treated Hi-Myc mice but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion The present study reveals that LLM inhibits cMyc expression in human prostate cancer cells in vitro but concentrations higher than 10 mg/kg may be required to achieve chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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7
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Hussain Y, Mirzaei S, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Khan H, Daglia M. Quercetin and Its Nano-Scale Delivery Systems in Prostate Cancer Therapy: Paving the Way for Cancer Elimination and Reversing Chemoresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1602. [PMID: 33807174 PMCID: PMC8036441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most leading and prevalent malignancy around the world, following lung cancer. Prostate cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer morbidity and mortality have grown drastically, and intensive prostate cancer care is unlikely to produce adequate outcomes. The synthetic drugs for the treatment of prostate cancer in clinical practice face several challenges. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found in fruits and vegetables. Apart from its beneficial effects, its plays a key role as an anti-cancer agent. Quercetin has shown anticancer potential, both alone and in combination. Therefore, the current study was designed to collect information from the literature regarding its therapeutic significance in the treatment of prostate cancer. Studies performed both in vitro and in vivo have confirmed that quercetin effectively prevents prostate cancer through different underlying mechanisms. Promising findings have also been achieved in clinical trials regarding the pharmacokinetics and human applications of quercetin. In the meantime, epidemiological studies have shown a negative correlation between the consumption of quercetin and the incidence of prostate cancer, and have indicated a chemopreventive effect of quercetin on prostate cancer in animal models. The major issues associated with quercetin are its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism, and these require priority attention. Chemoresistance is another main negative feature concerning prostate cancer treatment. This review highlights the chemotherapeutic effect, chemo preventive effect, and chemoresistance elimination potential of quercetin in prostate cancer. The underlying mechanisms for elimination of prostate cancer and eradication of resistance, either alone or in combination with other agents, are also discussed. In addition, the nanoscale delivery of quercetin is underpinned along with possible directions for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- Lab of Control Release and Drug Delivery System, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran 1477893855, Iran;
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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8
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Cai H, Scott EN, Britton RG, Parrott E, Ognibene TJ, Malfatti M, Khan M, Steward WP, Brown K. Distribution and metabolism of [14C]-resveratrol in human prostate tissue after oral administration of a "dietary-achievable" or "pharmacological" dose: what are the implications for anticancer activity? Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:1115-1125. [PMID: 33675348 PMCID: PMC8106746 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary polyphenol resveratrol prevents various malignancies in preclinical models, including prostate cancer. Despite attempts to translate findings to humans, gaps remain in understanding pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relations and how tissue concentrations affect efficacy. Such information is necessary for dose selection and is particularly important given the low bioavailability of resveratrol. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine concentrations of resveratrol in prostate tissue of men after a dietary-achievable (5 mg) or pharmacological (1 g) dose. We then examined whether clinically relevant concentrations of resveratrol/its metabolites had direct anticancer activity in prostate cell lines. METHODS A window trial was performed in which patients were allocated to 5 mg or 1 g resveratrol daily, or no intervention, before prostate biopsy. Patients (10/group) ingested resveratrol capsules for 7-14 d before biopsy, with the last dose [14C]-labeled, allowing detection of resveratrol species in prostate tissue using accelerator MS. Cellular uptake and antiproliferative properties of resveratrol/metabolites were assessed in cancer and nonmalignant cell cultures using HPLC with UV detection and cell counting, respectively. RESULTS [14C]-Resveratrol species were detectable in prostate tissue of all patients analyzed, with mean ± SD concentrations of 0.08 ± 0.04 compared with 22.1 ± 8.2 pmol/mg tissue for the 5 mg and the 1 g dose, respectively. However, total [14C]-resveratrol equivalents in prostate were lower than we previously reported in plasma and colorectum after identical doses. Furthermore, resveratrol was undetectable in prostate tissue; instead, sulfate and glucuronide metabolites dominated. Although resveratrol reduced prostate cell numbers in vitro over 7 d, the concentrations required (≥10 µM) exceeded the plasma maximum concentration. Resveratrol mono-sulfates and glucuronides failed to consistently inhibit cell growth, partly due to poor cellular uptake. CONCLUSIONS Low tissue concentrations of resveratrol species, coupled with weak antiproliferative activity of its conjugates, suggest daily doses of ≤1 g may not have direct effects on human prostate.This trial was registered at clinicaltrialsregister.eu as EudraCT 2007-002131-91.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cai
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Edwina N Scott
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert G Britton
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Parrott
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | | | - Masood Khan
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - William P Steward
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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The Effects of Resveratrol on Prostate Cancer through Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:16-32. [PMID: 33535458 PMCID: PMC7931005 DOI: 10.3390/jox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since over 60% of prostate cancer cases occur in men over 65 years of age, and this population will increase steadily in the coming years, prostate cancer will be a major cancer-related burden in the foreseeable future. Accumulating data from more recent research suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a previously unrecognized role in every stage of cancer development, including initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Prostate cancer is not only diagnosed in the late stages of life, but also progresses relatively slowly. This makes prostate cancer an ideal model system for exploring the potential of natural products as cancer prevention and/or treatment reagents because they usually act relatively slowly compared to most synthetic drugs. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and possesses strong anti-cancer properties with few adverse effects. Accumulating data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that RSV can interfere with prostate cancer initiation and progression by targeting the TME. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the recent advancement in RSV-inhibited prostate cancer initiation, proliferation, and metastasis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the effect of RSV on TME. This will not only better our understanding of prostate cancer TMEs, but also pave the way for the development of RSV as a potential reagent for prostate cancer prevention and/or therapy.
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AbouAitah K, Lojkowski W. Delivery of Natural Agents by Means of Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres as a Promising Anticancer Strategy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:143. [PMID: 33499150 PMCID: PMC7912645 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural prodrugs derived from different natural origins (e.g., medicinal plants, microbes, animals) have a long history in traditional medicine. They exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. They have potential as safe, cost-effective treatments with few side effects, but are lacking in solubility, bioavailability, specific targeting and have short half-lives. These are barriers to clinical application. Nanomedicine has the potential to offer solutions to circumvent these limitations and allow the use of natural pro-drugs in cancer therapy. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of various morphology have attracted considerable attention in the search for targeted drug delivery systems. MSNs are characterized by chemical stability, easy synthesis and functionalization, large surface area, tunable pore sizes and volumes, good biocompatibility, controlled drug release under different conditions, and high drug-loading capacity, enabling multifunctional purposes. In vivo pre-clinical evaluations, a significant majority of results indicate the safety profile of MSNs if they are synthesized in an optimized way. Here, we present an overview of synthesis methods, possible surface functionalization, cellular uptake, biodistribution, toxicity, loading strategies, delivery designs with controlled release, and cancer targeting and discuss the future of anticancer nanotechnology-based natural prodrug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AbouAitah
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Laboratory of Nanostructures and Nanomedicine, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokolowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Kato K, Nagane M, Aihara N, Kamiie J, Miyanabe M, Hiraki S, Luo X, Nakanishi I, Shoji Y, Matsumoto KI, Yamashita T. Lipid-soluble polyphenols from sweet potato exert antitumor activity and enhance chemosensitivity in breast cancer. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 68:193-200. [PMID: 34025021 PMCID: PMC8129977 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in vegetables and fruit. They have been shown to have various antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we extracted the lipid-soluble fraction of polyphenols from fermented sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). These lipid-soluble polyphenols mainly contained caffeic acid derivatives with strong antioxidant ability, which we hypothesized to affect diseases for which oxidative stress is a factor, such as cancer. We therefore investigated the antitumor and chemo-sensitizing effects of lipid-soluble polyphenols on E0771 murine breast cancer cells. The lipid-soluble polyphenols accumulated in the cells’ cytoplasm due to its high lipophilicity, and reduced reactive oxygen species through its strong antioxidant activity. The lipid-soluble polyphenols also arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 by suppressing Akt activity, and enhanced the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. In this model, lipid-soluble polyphenols inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. These results suggest the potential of lipid-soluble polyphenols as a functional food to support cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masaki Nagane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Aihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Junichi Kamiie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Miyanabe
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Shinobu Hiraki
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Genuine R&D Co., Ltd., 2-36-12, Takamidai, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0215, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakanishi
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shoji
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Matsumoto
- Quantitative RedOx Sensing Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamashita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
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Prostate cancer and food-based antioxidants in India as plausible therapeutics. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Singh CK, Chhabra G, Ndiaye MA, Siddiqui IA, Panackal JE, Mintie CA, Ahmad N. Quercetin-Resveratrol Combination for Prostate Cancer Management in TRAMP Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2141. [PMID: 32748838 PMCID: PMC7465013 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in men. Therefore, novel mechanistically-driven approaches are needed for PCa management. Here, we determined the effects of grape antioxidants quercetin and/or resveratrol (60 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, in diet) against PCa in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP)-model in prevention and intervention settings. We found resveratrol alone and in combination significantly inhibited prostate tumorigenesis in prevention setting, while the same was seen only in combination after intervention. The observed effects were associated with marked inhibition in proliferation, oxidative stress, and tumor survival markers, and induced apoptosis markers. Utilizing PCa PCR array analysis with prevention tumor tissues, we identified that quercetin-resveratrol modulates genes involved in promoter methylation, cell cycle, apoptosis, fatty acid metabolism, transcription factors, androgen response, PI3K/AKT and PTEN signaling. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified IGF1 and BCL2 as central players in two gene networks. Functional annotation predicted increased apoptosis and inhibited cell viability/proliferation, hyperplasia, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis with dual treatment. Furthermore, IPA predicted upstream inhibition of major PCa signaling VEGF, Ca2+, PI3K, CSF2, PTH). Based on PCR array, we identified decreased levels of EGFR, EGR3, and IL6, and increased levels of IGFBP7 and NKX3.1, overall supporting anti-PCa effects of quercetin-resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K. Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Mary A. Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Imtiaz A. Siddiqui
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Jennifer E. Panackal
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Charlotte A. Mintie
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (C.K.S.); (G.C.); (M.A.N.); (I.A.S.); (J.E.P.); (C.A.M.)
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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14
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Fontana F, Raimondi M, Marzagalli M, Di Domizio A, Limonta P. Natural Compounds in Prostate Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Mechanisms of Action and Molecular Targets. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020460. [PMID: 32085497 PMCID: PMC7072821 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a major cause of cancer mortality among men in developed countries. Patients with recurrent disease initially respond to androgen-deprivation therapy, but the tumor eventually progresses into castration-resistant PCa; in this condition, tumor cells acquire the ability to escape cell death and develop resistance to current therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for PCa management are urgently needed. In this setting, natural products have been extensively studied for their anti-PCa activities, such as tumor growth suppression, cell death induction, and inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis. Additionally, numerous studies have shown that phytochemicals can specifically target the androgen receptor (AR) signaling, as well as the PCa stem cells (PCSCs). Interestingly, many clinical trials have been conducted to test the efficacy of nutraceuticals in human subjects, and they have partially confirmed the promising results obtained in vitro and in preclinical models. This article summarizes the anti-cancer mechanisms and therapeutic potentials of different natural compounds in the context of PCa prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Alessandro Di Domizio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
- SPILLOproject, 20037 Paderno Dugnano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.F.); (M.R.); (M.M.); (A.D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250318213
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15
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Gianchecchi E, Fierabracci A. Insights on the Effects of Resveratrol and Some of Its Derivatives in Cancer and Autoimmunity: A Molecule with a Dual Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020091. [PMID: 31978952 PMCID: PMC7070243 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest in natural compounds exerting immunoregulatory effects has enormously increased. Among these, the polyphenol resveratrol, found in a variety of foods and beverages, including red grapes and red wine, has been demonstrated to exert both in vitro and in vivo biological activities. More specifically, it has antiaging, cardioprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive activities. Due to its anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and immunoregulatory effects, resveratrol has gained substantial attention for the treatment of cancer or autoimmunity, which represent frequently diagnosed diseases with important consequences for the health of the patients affected. The aim of the present review is to focus on the role of resveratrol in the modulation of cancer as well as of several organ-specific or systemic autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gianchecchi
- VisMederi srl, Strada del Petriccio e Belriguardo, 35, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fierabracci
- Infectivology and Clinical Trials Research Department, Children’s Hospital Bambino Gesù, Viale San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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16
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Yu L, Pham Q, Yu LL, Wang TTY. Modulation of CXC-motif chemokine receptor 7, but not 4, expression is related to migration of the human prostate cancer cell LNCaP: regulation by androgen and inflammatory stimuli. Inflamm Res 2019; 69:167-178. [PMID: 31865399 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the regulation, function of the chemokine CXC-motif ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptors (CXCR) 4 and 7 in prostate cancer tumor microenvironment. MATERIAL In-silico-analysis of expression in prostate cancer tissues. In-vitro comparison, testing of regulation in human prostate cancer cells LNCaP, DU145, and PC3. TREATMENT Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatments (0-10 nM) were for 0-48 h. The inflammatory agent Flagellin treatment (20 ng/ml) was for 2 h. Migration assays were performed for 24 h using 10 ng/ml CXCL12. METHODS Real-time PCR, western analysis, and migration assays were used to determine mRNA, protein, and functional changes, respectively. RESULTS Malignant prostate cancer tissues exhibit higher CXCR4/7 mRNA ratio, and higher CXCR7 mRNA levels were detected in the androgen-responsive LNCaP cells. Putative androgen-responsive elements were identified in CXCR4, 7 gene, and exposure to DHT, flagellin increased CXCR4 mRNA but decreased CXCR7 mRNA levels in LNCaP cells. Androgen receptor siRNA significantly attenuated the effects of DHT on CXCR4, 7 mRNA in LNCaP cells. However, DHT and flagellin only decrease CXCR7 protein and additively increased migration of LNCaP cells towards CXCL12. CONCLUSIONS Down regulation of CXCR7 protein by DHT and flagellin increased migration, supporting CXCR7 as decoy receptor counteracting CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated migration in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 307C, Rm 132, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Bldg. 307C, Rm 132, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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17
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Feng L, Yasmeen R, Schoene NW, Lei K, Wang TT. Resveratrol differentially modulates immune responses in human THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. Nutr Res 2019; 72:57-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Quach ND, Kaur SP, Eggert MW, Ingram L, Ghosh D, Sheth S, Nagy T, Dawson MR, Arnold RD, Cummings BS. Paradoxical Role of Glypican-1 in Prostate Cancer Cell and Tumor Growth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11478. [PMID: 31391540 PMCID: PMC6685992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that glypican-1 (GPC-1) is a biomarker for prostate cancer, but there are few studies elucidating the role of GPC-1 in prostate cancer progression. We observed high expression of GPC-1 in more aggressive prostate cancer cell lines such as PC-3 and DU-145. While inhibition of GPC-1 expression in PC-3 cells decreased cell growth and migration in vitro, it surprisingly increased cell proliferation and migration in DU-145 cells, suggesting that the role of GPC-1 is cell type-dependent. Further, GPC-1 inhibition increased PC-3 tumor size in NCr nude mice xenografts. We hypothesized that the discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo data is mediated by stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, we tested the effect of tumor conditioned media (TCM) on gene expression in human mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts. Treatment of stromal cells with TCM from PC-3 cells transfected with GPC-1 shRNA increased the expression of migration markers, endocrine/paracrine biomolecules, and extracellular matrix components. Additionally, the decreased cell growth in GPC-1 knockdown PC-3 cells was rescued by coculturing with stromal cells. These data demonstrate the paradoxical role that GPC-1 plays in prostate cancer cell growth by interacting with stromal cells and through ECM remodeling and endocrine/paracrine signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat D Quach
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sukhneeraj Pal Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Matthew W Eggert
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Lishann Ingram
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Deepraj Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sheela Sheth
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Tamas Nagy
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michelle R Dawson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, & Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Robert D Arnold
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. .,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Salehi B, Fokou PVT, Yamthe LRT, Tali BT, Adetunji CO, Rahavian A, Mudau FN, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Rodrigues CF, Martins N, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Phytochemicals in Prostate Cancer: From Bioactive Molecules to Upcoming Therapeutic Agents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1483. [PMID: 31261861 PMCID: PMC6683070 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, the second deadliest malignancy in men and the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men. Traditional plants have been applied to handle various diseases and to develop new drugs. Medicinal plants are potential sources of natural bioactive compounds that include alkaloids, phenolic compounds, terpenes, and steroids. Many of these naturally-occurring bioactive constituents possess promising chemopreventive properties. In this sense, the aim of the present review is to provide a detailed overview of the role of plant-derived phytochemicals in prostate cancers, including the contribution of plant extracts and its corresponding isolated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Antimicrobial and Biocontrol Agents Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Ngoa Ekelle, Annex Fac. Sci, Yaounde 812, Cameroon
| | | | - Brice Tchatat Tali
- Antimicrobial Agents Unit, Laboratory for Phytobiochemistry and Medicinal Plants Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Messa-Yaoundé 812, Cameroon
| | - Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
- Applied Microbiology, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State 300271, Nigeria
| | - Amirhossein Rahavian
- Department of Urology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1989934148, Iran
| | - Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Private Bag X6, Florida 1710, South Africa
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepcion, Concepcion 4070386, Chile.
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
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20
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Xu X, Liu A, Bai Y, Li Y, Zhang C, Cui S, Piao Y, Zhang S. Co-delivery of resveratrol and p53 gene via peptide cationic liposomal nanocarrier for the synergistic treatment of cervical cancer and breast cancer cells. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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21
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López-Guarnido O, Urquiza-Salvat N, Saiz M, Lozano-Paniagua D, Rodrigo L, Pascual-Geler M, Lorente JA, Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Rivas A. Bioactive compounds of the Mediterranean diet and prostate cancer. Aging Male 2018; 21:251-260. [PMID: 29375002 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1430129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence on the effects of bioactive constituents of the Mediterranean diet (MeDi) on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. METHODS The search for articles came from extensive research in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We used the search terms "Mediterranean diet," "lycopene," "vitamin E," "vitamin C," "Selenium," "resveratrol," "prostate cancer," and combinations, such as "lycopene and prostate cancer" or "resveratrol and prostate cancer." RESULTS Numerous studies investigating the effect of various dietary nutrients on PCa have suggested that selenium is probably the most promising. Several studies reported reduced PCa risk associated with vitamin C and E intake, while other studies reported no association. Lycopene inhibits cell proliferation and inducts apoptosis, thus protecting against cancer. Also, it has been found in various in vivo and in vitro studies that resveratrol, inhibits PCa development. CONCLUSIONS The high content of bioactive phytochemicals in the MeDi is of particular interest in the prevention of PCa. Further large-scale studies are required to clarify the effect of MeDi bioactive compounds on prostate health, in order to establish the role of this diet in the prevention of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga López-Guarnido
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Noelia Urquiza-Salvat
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Saiz
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodrigo
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- a Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- d Nutrition and Food Science Department , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
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22
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Elshaer M, Chen Y, Wang XJ, Tang X. Resveratrol: An overview of its anti-cancer mechanisms. Life Sci 2018; 207:340-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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α-Viniferin activates autophagic apoptosis and cell death by reducing glucocorticoid receptor expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Med Oncol 2018; 35:105. [PMID: 29904891 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed urological malignancies. However, there are limited therapies for PCa patients who develop biochemical recurrence after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of α-Viniferin (KCV), an oligostilbene of trimeric resveratrol, against human PCa cells and found that it markedly inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3 cancer cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and had a strong cytotoxicity in non-androgen-dependent PCa cells. In addition, KCV inhibited AR downstream expression in LNCaP cells, and inhibited activation of GR signaling pathway in DU145 and PC-3. Further investigation indicated that KCV could induce cancer cell apoptosis through AMPK-mediated activation of autophagy, and inhibited GR expression in castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC). These findings suggest that KCV may prove to be a novel and effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of CRPC.
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Resveratrol-loaded PLGA nanoparticles mediated programmed cell death in prostate cancer cells. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:876-885. [PMID: 30202231 PMCID: PMC6128707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (RL), a natural polyphenol, is known for its diverse biological effects against various human cancer cell lines. But low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and stability limit its efficacy against prostate cancer. In this study polymeric nanoparticles encapsulating resveratrol (RLPLGA) were designed and their cytotoxic and mode of apoptotic cells death against prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) was determined. Nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacement method and characterized for particle size, TEM, entrapment efficiency, DSC and drug release study. RLPLGA exhibited a significant decrease in cell viability with 50% and 90% inhibitory concentration (IC50 and IC90) of 15.6 ± 1.49 and 41.1 ± 2.19 μM respectively against the LNCaP cells. This effect was mediated by apoptosis as confirmed by cell cycle arrest at G1-S transition phase, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA nicking, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation in LNCaP cells. Furthermore, significantly greater cytotoxicity to LNCaP cells was observed with nanoparticles as compared to that of free RL at all tested concentrations. RLPLGA nanoparticles presented no adverse cytotoxic effects on murine macrophages even at 200 μM. Our findings support the potential use of developed resveratrol loaded nanoparticle for the prostate cancer chemoprevention/ chemotherapy with no adverse effect on normal cells.
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25
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Ko JH, Sethi G, Um JY, Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Kumar AP, Bishayee A, Ahn KS. The Role of Resveratrol in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122589. [PMID: 29194365 PMCID: PMC5751192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural product compounds have recently attracted significant attention from the scientific community for their potent effects against inflammation-driven diseases, including cancer. A significant amount of research, including preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies, has indicated that dietary consumption of polyphenols, found at high levels in cereals, pulses, vegetables, and fruits, may prevent the evolution of an array of diseases, including cancer. Cancer development is a carefully orchestrated progression where normal cells acquires mutations in their genetic makeup, which cause the cells to continuously grow, colonize, and metastasize to other organs such as the liver, lungs, colon, and brain. Compounds that modulate these oncogenic processes can be considered as potential anti-cancer agents that may ultimately make it to clinical application. Resveratrol, a natural stilbene and a non-flavonoid polyphenol, is a phytoestrogen that possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and anti-cancer properties. It has been reported that resveratrol can reverse multidrug resistance in cancer cells, and, when used in combination with clinically used drugs, it can sensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Several novel analogs of resveratrol have been developed with improved anti-cancer activity, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profile. The current focus of this review is resveratrol’s in vivo and in vitro effects in a variety of cancers, and intracellular molecular targets modulated by this polyphenol. This is also accompanied by a comprehensive update of the various clinical trials that have demonstrated it to be a promising therapeutic and chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam.
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Yousef M, Vlachogiannis IA, Tsiani E. Effects of Resveratrol against Lung Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9111231. [PMID: 29125563 PMCID: PMC5707703 DOI: 10.3390/nu9111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell growth and resistance to apoptosis characterize cancer cells. These two main features are initiated in cancer cells through mutations in key signaling molecules, which regulate pathways that are directly involved in controlling cell proliferation and apoptosis. Resveratrol (RSV), a naturally occurring plant polyphenol, has been shown to have biological effects counteracting different diseases. It has been found to provide cardio-protective, neuro-protective, immuno-modulatory, and anti-cancer health benefits. RSV has been found to inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and these anticancer effects may be due to its ability to modulate signaling molecules involved in these processes. The present review summarizes the existing in vitro and in vivo studies on resveratrol and its anti-lung cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yousef
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | | | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Lundqvist J, Tringali C, Oskarsson A. Resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs inhibit activation of both wild-type and T877A mutant androgen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 174:161-168. [PMID: 28888979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer growth and progression are mainly dependent on androgens and many current prostate cancer treatment options target the synthesis or function of androgens. We have previously reported that resveratrol and synthetic analogs of resveratrol with a higher bioavailability inhibit the synthesis of androgens in human adrenocortical H295R cells. Now we have studied the antiandrogenic properties of resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs in two different prostate cell lines; LNCaP and RWPE. LNCaP carry a T877A mutation in the androgen receptor while RWPE has a wild-type androgen receptor. We found that resveratrol, piceatannol and all studied analogs were able to inhibit a dihydrotestosterone-induced activation of the androgen receptor, showing that they act as antiandrogens. In LNCaP cells, all studied compounds were able to statistically significantly decrease the androgenic signaling in concentrations ≥1μM and the synthetic analogs trimethylresveratrol (RSVTM) and tetramethylpiceatannol (PICTM) were the most potent compounds. RWPE cells were not as responsive to the studied compounds as the LNCaP cells. A statistically significant decrease in the androgenic signaling was observed at concentrations ≤5μM for most compounds and RSVTM was found to be the most potent compound. Further, we studied the effects of resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs on the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in LNCaP cells and found that all studied compounds decreased the level of PSA and that the synthetic analogs diacetylresveratrol (RSVDA), triacetylresveratrol (RSVTA) and RSVTM were the most potent compounds, decreasing the PSA level by approx. 50% at concentrations ≥10μM. In a cell-free receptor binding assay we were unable to show binding of resveratrol or analogs to the ligand binding domain of the androgen receptor, indicating that the observed effects are mediated via other mechanisms than direct ligand competition. We conclude that the resveratrol, piceatannol and analogs are highly interesting for chemoprevention of prostate cancer, since they have a high potency both as inhibitors of androgen synthesis and androgen receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lundqvist
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Corrado Tringali
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agneta Oskarsson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7028, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Biological Mechanisms by Which Antiproliferative Actions of Resveratrol Are Minimized. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101046. [PMID: 28934112 PMCID: PMC5691663 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies have offered evidence for protective effects of various polyphenol-rich foods against cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Resveratrol is among the most widely studied polyphenols. However, the preventive and treatment effectiveness of resveratrol in cancer remain controversial because of certain limitations in existing studies. For example, studies of the activity of resveratrol against cancer cell lines in vitro have often been conducted at concentrations in the low μM to mM range, whereas dietary resveratrol or resveratrol-containing wine rarely achieve nM concentrations in the clinic. While the mechanisms underlying the failure of resveratrol to inhibit cancer growth in the intact organism are not fully understood, the interference by thyroid hormones with the anticancer activity of resveratrol have been well documented in both in vitro and xenograft studies. Thus, endogenous thyroid hormones may explain the failure of anticancer actions of resveratrol in intact animals, or in the clinic. In this review, mechanisms involved in resveratrol-induced antiproliferation and effects of thyroid hormones on these mechanisms are discussed.
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Wilson S, Cavero L, Tong D, Liu Q, Geary K, Talamonti N, Xu J, Fu J, Jiang J, Zhang D. Resveratrol enhances polyubiquitination-mediated ARV7 degradation in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:54683-54693. [PMID: 28903374 PMCID: PMC5589613 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) serves as the primary treatment option for localized or metastatic prostate cancer, most cases eventually develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, androgen receptor (AR) continues to be functional in CRPC through various mechanisms, including the development of AR splicing variants, especially ARV7. Since it lacks the ligand binding domain but retains the intact DNA binding domain, ARV7 is constitutively active, which makes ARV7-positive prostate cancer responsive to neither abiraterone nor enzalutamide. In this study, we explored the effect of resveratrol on ARV7 transcriptional activity and the potential for development of resveratrol as a treatment for ARV7-positive prostate cancer. First, we ectopically expressed ARV7 in PC3 cells, an AR-negative prostate cancer cell line, and demonstrated that resveratrol is capable of inhibiting ARV7 transcriptional activity by downregulating ARV7 protein levels. Of note, resveratrol does not affect the mRNA levels of ARV7 nor its nuclear translocation. Next, we demonstrated that resveratrol is capable of downregulating the levels of the endogenously expressed ARV7 as well as AR target gene mRNAs in 22RV1 prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, resveratrol downregulates ARV7 by enhancing ARV7 polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation. These findings suggest that resveratrol could be a potential treatment for ARV7-positive CPRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wilson
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
- Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - Lucia Cavero
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
- Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - Dali Tong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Kyla Geary
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
- Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - Nicholas Talamonti
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
- Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
- Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
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Yasmeen R, Fukagawa NK, Wang TT. Establishing health benefits of bioactive food components: a basic research scientist's perspective. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017; 44:109-114. [PMID: 28056363 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive food components or functional foods have recently received significant attention because of their widely touted positive effects on health beyond basic nutrition. However, a question continues to lurk: are these claims for 'super foods' backed by sound science or simply an exaggerated portrayal of very small 'benefits'? Efforts to establish health benefits by scientific means pose a real challenge in regards to defining what those benefits are, as well as how effective the foods are in justifying any health claim. This review discusses the pitfalls associated with the execution, interpretation, extrapolation of the results to humans and the challenges encountered in the dietary research arena from a basic scientist's perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Yasmeen
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Thomas Ty Wang
- Diet, Genomics and Immunology Lab, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Fletcher A, Huang H, Yu L, Pham Q, Yu L, Wang TTY. Reversible Toxic Effects of the Dietary Supplement Indole-3-Carbinol in an Immune Compromised Rodent Model: Intestine as the Main Target. J Diet Suppl 2016; 14:303-322. [PMID: 27580128 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2016.1215367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely used in the United States, but the safety issue remains unresolved. Immuno-deficient or immuno-compromised patients, estimated to exceed 10 million in the United States, are known to use dietary supplements. This population potentially may be susceptible to supplements' adverse effects. The cruciferous vegetable-derived indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is known for its possible protective effects against a number of chronic diseases and is commercially available as a dietary supplement. However, the safety of orally consumed I3C in the general population and particularly in immuno-compromised individuals remains unknown. In this study, rodent model of immune-deficient male BALB/c nu/nu athymic mice were given diets supplemented with 0-100 μmoles I3C/g diet for 4 weeks. We found that BALB/c nu/nu mice were not viable after three days on a 100 μmoles I3C/g supplemented diet. Switching to the control diet (without I3C) after first detection of stress resulted in a 75% recovery of mice. Mice fed with 10-50 μmoles I3C/g supplemented diet survived but showed concentration-dependent adverse effects. More importantly, the intestine appeared to be the target of I3C toxicity. Number and width of intestinal villi were significantly altered by I3C, which associated with a dose-dependent reduction in cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis. Other molecular effects observed for I3C include activation of multiple xenobiotic metabolism pathways. This is the first study to report hazardous effects of I3C supplementation that are specific to the gastrointestinal tract in an immuno-compromised model and should serve as a caution in using I3C as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnetta Fletcher
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | - Haiqiu Huang
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA.,b Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory , Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center , USDA-ARS, Beltsville , MD , USA
| | - Lu Yu
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | - Quynhchi Pham
- b Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory , Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center , USDA-ARS, Beltsville , MD , USA
| | - Liangli Yu
- a Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park, MD , USA
| | - Thomas T Y Wang
- b Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory , Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center , USDA-ARS, Beltsville , MD , USA
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Gillespie ZE, Pickering J, Eskiw CH. Better Living through Chemistry: Caloric Restriction (CR) and CR Mimetics Alter Genome Function to Promote Increased Health and Lifespan. Front Genet 2016; 7:142. [PMID: 27588026 PMCID: PMC4988992 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR), defined as decreased nutrient intake without causing malnutrition, has been documented to increase both health and lifespan across numerous organisms, including humans. Many drugs and other compounds naturally occurring in our diet (nutraceuticals) have been postulated to act as mimetics of caloric restriction, leading to a wave of research investigating the efficacy of these compounds in preventing age-related diseases and promoting healthier, longer lifespans. Although well studied at the biochemical level, there are still many unanswered questions about how CR and CR mimetics impact genome function and structure. Here we discuss how genome function and structure are influenced by CR and potential CR mimetics, including changes in gene expression profiles and epigenetic modifications and their potential to identify the genetic fountain of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe E Gillespie
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Joshua Pickering
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Christopher H Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SK, Canada
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Banudevi S, Swaminathan S, Maheswari KU. Pleiotropic Role of Dietary Phytochemicals in Cancer: Emerging Perspectives for Combinational Therapy. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:1021-48. [PMID: 26359767 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1073762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is considered a complicated health issue worldwide. The mean cancer survival through standard therapeutic strategies has not been significantly improved over the past few decades. Hence, alternate remedies are needed to treat or prevent this dreadful disease being explored. Currently, it has been recognized that repeated treatment with chemotherapeutic agents has been largely ineffective due to multidrug resistance and further conventional treatment possesses limited drug accessibility to cancerous tissues, which in turn necessitates a higher dose resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Drug combinations have been practiced to address the problems associated with conventional single drug treatment. Recently, natural dietary agents have attracted much attention in cancer therapy because of their synergistic effects with anticancer drugs against different types of cancer. Natural phytochemicals may execute their anticancer activity through targeting diverse cancer cell signaling pathways, promoting cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, regulating antioxidant status and detoxification. This review focuses mainly on the anticancer efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in combination with standard therapeutic drugs reported from various in vitro and in vivo experimental studies apart from clinical trials. This review adds knowledge to the field of intervention studies using combinational modalities that opens a new window for cancer treatment/chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivanantham Banudevi
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Sethuraman Swaminathan
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Krishnan Uma Maheswari
- a Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Tamil Nadu , India
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Aldawsari FS, Velázquez-Martínez CA. 3,4',5-trans-Trimethoxystilbene; a natural analogue of resveratrol with enhanced anticancer potency. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:775-86. [PMID: 25720605 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol is a phytoalexin produced by many plant species as a defence mechanism. Over the last decade, this polyphenol has been reported to be active against multiple targets associated with chronic disorders. However, its poor pharmacokinetic profile, as well as multiple discrepancies related to its in vitro and in vivo profile, has resulted not only on the study of suitable delivery systems, but the use of resveratrol derivatives. In this regard, the 3,4',5-trans-trimethoxystilbene (TMS), a natural analogue of resveratrol, has emerged as a strong candidate. TMS has an enhanced anticancer profile compared to resveratrol, exhibiting higher potency than resveratrol, as shown by multiple reports describing an improved cancer cell proliferation inhibition, induction of cell cycle arrest, decreased metastasis, reduced angiogenesis, and increased apoptosis. In this review, we provide a concise summary of results reported in the literature, related to the similarities and differences between resveratrol and TMS, and we submit to the scientific community that TMS is a promising and (still) understudied natural agent candidate, with potential applications in cancer research. Nevertheless, based on the available evidence, we also submit to the scientific community that TMS may also find a niche in any other research area in which resveratrol has been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad S Aldawsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada,
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Dietary polyphenols in prevention and treatment of prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3350-76. [PMID: 25654230 PMCID: PMC4346900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent disease affecting males in many Western countries, with an estimated 29,480 deaths in 2014 in the US alone. Incidence rates for prostate cancer deaths have been decreasing since the early 1990s in men of all races/ethnicities, though they remain about 60% higher in African Americans than in any other group. The relationship between dietary polyphenols and the prevention of prostate cancer has been examined previously. Although results are sometimes inconsistent and variable, there is a general agreement that polyphenols hold great promise for the future management of prostate cancer. Various dietary components, including polyphenols, have been shown to possess anti-cancer properties. Generally considered as non-toxic, dietary polyphenols act as key modulators of signaling pathways and are therefore considered ideal chemopreventive agents. Besides possessing various anti-tumor properties, dietary polyphenols also contribute to epigenetic changes associated with the fate of cancer cells and have emerged as potential drugs for therapeutic intervention. Polyphenols have also been shown to affect post-translational modifications and microRNA expressions. This article provides a systematic review of the health benefits of selected dietary polyphenols in prostate cancer, especially focusing on the subclasses of polyphenols, which have a great effect on disease prevention and treatment.
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Park EJ, Pezzuto JM. The pharmacology of resveratrol in animals and humans. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:1071-113. [PMID: 25652123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In addition to thousands of research papers related to resveratrol (RSV), approximately 300 review articles have been published. Earlier research tended to focus on pharmacological activities of RSV related to cardiovascular systems, inflammation, and carcinogenesis/cancer development. More recently, the horizon has been broadened by exploring the potential effect of RSV on the aging process, diabetes, neurological dysfunction, etc. Herein, we primarily focus on the in vivo pharmacological effects of RSV reported over the past 5 years (2009-2014). In addition, recent clinical intervention studies performed with resveratrol are summarized. Some discrepancies exist between in vivo studies with animals and clinical studies, or between clinical studies, which are likely due to disparate doses of RSV, experimental settings, and subject variation. Nevertheless, many positive indications have been reported with mammals, so it is reasonable to advocate for the conduct of more definitive clinical studies. Since the safety profile is pristine, an added advantage is the use of RSV as a dietary supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Resveratrol: Challenges in translating pre-clinical findings to improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - John M Pezzuto
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
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Popovics P, Frigo DE, Schally AV, Rick FG. Targeting the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and related metabolic pathways for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:617-32. [PMID: 25600663 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1005603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing evidence suggests that prostate cancer cells undergo unique metabolic reprogramming during transformation. A master regulator of cellular homeostasis, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), directs metabolic adaptation that supports the growth demands of rapidly dividing cancer cells. The utilization of AMPK as a therapeutic target may therefore provide an effective strategy in the treatment of prostate cancer. AREAS COVERED Our review describes the regulation of AMPK by androgens and upstream kinases including the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) in prostate cancer. Oncogenic, AMPK-regulated pathways that direct various metabolic processes are also addressed. Furthermore, we discuss the role of AMPK in growth arrest and autophagy as a potential survival pathway for cancer cells. In addition, by regulating non-metabolic pathways, AMPK may stimulate migration and mitosis. Finally, this review summarizes efforts to treat prostate cancer with pharmacological agents capable of modulating AMPK signaling. EXPERT OPINION Current research is primarily focused on developing drugs that activate AMPK as a treatment for prostate cancer. However, oncogenic aspects of AMPK signaling calls for caution about employing such therapies. We think that inhibitors of CaMKK2 or AMPK, or perhaps the modulation of downstream targets of AMPK, will gain importance in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center and South Florida Veterans Affairs Foundation for Research and Education , Research (151) 2A127, 1201 NW 16th St, Miami, FL 33125 , USA +1 305 5753477 ; +1 305 5753126 ;
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Fraser SP, Peters A, Fleming-Jones S, Mukhey D, Djamgoz MBA. Resveratrol: Inhibitory Effects on Metastatic Cell Behaviors and Voltage-Gated Na+Channel Activity in Rat Prostate Cancer In Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:1047-58. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.939291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Stilbene induced inhibition of androgen receptor dimerization: implications for AR and ARΔLBD-signalling in human prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98566. [PMID: 24887556 PMCID: PMC4041728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is often characterized by an increase of C-terminally truncated, constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) variants. Due to the absence of a ligand binding domain located in the AR-C-terminus, these receptor variants (also termed ARΔLBD) are unable to respond to all classical forms of endocrine treatments like surgical/chemical castration and/or application of anti-androgens. Methodology In this study we tested the effects of the naturally occurring stilbene resveratrol (RSV) and (E)-4-(2, 6-Difluorostyryl)-N, N-dimethylaniline, a fluorinated dialkylaminostilbene (FIDAS) on AR- and ARΔLBD in prostate cancer cells. The ability of the compounds to modulate transcriptional activity of AR and the ARΔLBD-variant Q640X was shown by reporter gene assays. Expression of endogenous AR and ARΔLBD mRNA and protein levels were determined by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Nuclear translocation of AR-molecules was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. AR and ARΔLBD/Q640X homo-/heterodimer formation was assessed by mammalian two hybrid assays. Biological activity of both compounds in vivo was demonstrated using a chick chorioallantoic membrane xenograft assay. Results The stilbenes RSV and FIDAS were able to significantly diminish AR and Q640X-signalling. Successful inhibition of the Q640X suggests that RSV and FIDAS are not interfering with the AR-ligand binding domain like all currently available anti-hormonal drugs. Repression of AR and Q640X-signalling by RSV and FIDAS in prostate cancer cells was caused by an inhibition of the AR and/or Q640X-dimerization. Although systemic bioavailability of both stilbenes is very low, both compounds were also able to downregulate tumor growth and AR-signalling in vivo. Conclusion RSV and FIDAS are able to inhibit the dimerization of AR and ARΔLBD molecules suggesting that stilbenes might serve as lead compounds for a novel generation of AR-inhibitors.
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Abstract
Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenol that provides a number of anti-aging health benefits including improved metabolism, cardioprotection, and cancer prevention. Much of the work on resveratrol and cancer comes from in vitro studies looking at resveratrol actions on cancer cells and pathways. There are, however, comparatively fewer studies that have investigated resveratrol treatment and cancer outcomes in vivo, perhaps limited by its poor bioavailability when taken orally. Although research in cell culture has shown promising and positive effects of resveratrol, evidence from rodents and humans is inconsistent. This review highlights the in vivo effects of resveratrol treatment on breast, colorectal, liver, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Resveratrol supplementation in animal models of cancer has shown positive, neutral as well as negative outcomes depending on resveratrol route of administration, dose, tumor model, species, and other factors. Within a specific cancer type, there is variability between studies with respect to strain, age, and sex of animal used, timing and method of resveratrol supplementation, and dose of resveratrol used to study cancer endpoints. Together, the data suggest that many factors need to be considered before resveratrol can be used for human cancer prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Department of PediatricsGraduate Center for Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of MedicineLexington, Kentucky, 40536-0096USA
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Yatkin E, Polari L, Laajala TD, Smeds A, Eckerman C, Holmbom B, Saarinen NM, Aittokallio T, Mäkelä SI. Novel Lignan and stilbenoid mixture shows anticarcinogenic efficacy in preclinical PC-3M-luc2 prostate cancer model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93764. [PMID: 24699425 PMCID: PMC3974786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer of men in the Western world, and novel approaches for prostate cancer risk reduction are needed. Plant-derived phenolic compounds attenuate prostate cancer growth in preclinical models by several mechanisms, which is in line with epidemiological findings suggesting that consumption of plant-based diets is associated with low risk of prostate cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of a novel lignan-stilbenoid mixture in PC-3M-luc2 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and in orthotopic xenografts. Lignan and stilbenoid –rich extract was obtained from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) knots. Pine knot extract as well as stilbenoids (methyl pinosylvin and pinosylvin), and lignans (matairesinol and nortrachelogenin) present in pine knot extract showed antiproliferative and proapoptotic efficacy at ≥40 μM concentration in vitro. Furthermore, pine knot extract derived stilbenoids enhanced tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induced apoptosis already at ≥10 μM concentrations. In orthotopic PC-3M-luc2 xenograft bearing immunocompromized mice, three-week peroral exposure to pine knot extract (52 mg of lignans and stilbenoids per kg of body weight) was well tolerated and showed anti-tumorigenic efficacy, demonstrated by multivariate analysis combining essential markers of tumor growth (i.e. tumor volume, vascularization, and cell proliferation). Methyl pinosylvin, pinosylvin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, as well as resveratrol, a metabolite of pinosylvin, were detected in serum at total concentration of 7−73 μM, confirming the bioavailability of pine knot extract derived lignans and stilbenoids. In summary, our data indicates that pine knot extract is a novel and cost-effective source of resveratrol, methyl pinosylvin and other bioactive lignans and stilbenoids. Pine knot extract shows anticarcinogenic efficacy in preclinical prostate cancer model, and our in vitro data suggests that compounds derived from the extract may have potential as novel chemosensitizers to TRAIL. These findings promote further research on health-related applications of wood biochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Yatkin
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Polari
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu D. Laajala
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Annika Smeds
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - Christer Eckerman
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - Bjarne Holmbom
- Åbo Akademi University, Process Chemistry Centre, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina M. Saarinen
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari I. Mäkelä
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling (TCDM), Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The high global incidence of prostate cancer has led to a focus on chemoprevention strategies to reduce the public health impact of the disease. Early studies indicating that selenium and vitamin E might protect against prostate cancer encouraged large-scale studies that produced mixed clinical results. Next-generation prostate cancer prevention trials validated the impact of 5α-reductase inhibitors in hormone-responsive prostate cancer, and these results were confirmed in follow-up studies. Other interventions on the horizon, involving both dietary and pharmacological agents, hold some promise but require further investigation to validate their efficacy. In this Review, we discuss the clinical and preclinical evidence for dietary and pharmacological prevention of prostate cancer and give an overview of future opportunities for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Thompson
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - April B Cabang
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael J Wargovich
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Mail Code 8026, 7979 Wurzbach, Suite 627, Zeller Building, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Sanna V, Siddiqui IA, Sechi M, Mukhtar H. Resveratrol-loaded nanoparticles based on poly(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) blend for prostate cancer treatment. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3871-81. [PMID: 23968375 PMCID: PMC4100701 DOI: 10.1021/mp400342f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation of antiproliferative and chemopreventive phytoalexin trans-resveratrol (RSV) is likely to provide protection against degradation, enhancement of bioavailability, improvement in intracellular penetration and control delivery. In this study, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating RSV (nano-RSV) as novel prototypes for prostate cancer (PCa) treatment were designed, characterized and evaluated using human PCa cells. Nanosystems, composed of a biocompatible blend of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugate (PLGA-PEG-COOH), were prepared by a nanoprecipitation method, and characterized in terms of morphology, particle size and zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, thermal analyses, and in vitro release studies. Cellular uptake of NPs was then evaluated in PCa cell lines DU-145, PC-3, and LNCaP using confocal fluorescence microscopy, and antiproliferative efficacy was assessed using MTT assay. With encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 74% to 98%, RSV was successfully loaded in PCL:PLGA-PEG-COOH NPs, which showed an average diameter of 150 nm. NPs were able to control the RSV release at pH 6.5 and 7.4, mimicking the acidic tumoral microenvironment and physiological conditions, respectively, with only 55% of RSV released within 7 h. In gastrointestinal simulated fluids, NPs released about 55% of RSV in the first 2 h in acidic medium, and their total RSV content within the subsequent 5 h at pH 7.4. Confocal fluorescence microscopy observations revealed that NPs were efficiently taken up by PCa cell lines. Furthermore, nano-RSV significantly improved the cytotoxicity compared to that of free RSV toward all three cell lines, at all tested concentrations (from 10 μM to 40 μM), proving a consistent sensitivity toward both the androgen-independent DU-145 and hormone-sensitive LNCaP cells. Our findings support the potential use of developed nanoprototypes for the controlled delivery of bioactive RSV for PCa chemoprevention/chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanna Sanna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Nanomedicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Imtiaz Ahmad Siddiqui
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Nanomedicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Jasiński M, Jasińska L, Ogrodowczyk M. Resveratrol in prostate diseases - a short review. Cent European J Urol 2013; 66:144-9. [PMID: 24579014 PMCID: PMC3936154 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2013.02.art8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Resveratrol is a plant–derived polyphenol suggested to have many beneficial health effects, including antioxidant, anti–inflammatory, anti–proliferative, proapoptotic, and anti–angiogenic. It is even specu- lated that uptake of resveratrol by red wine consumption could be behind the so–called French paradox the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the French population. These properties, together with good absorption and tolerance, would make it an attractive agent in prostatic diseases, especially in cancer prevention and treatment. Material and methods MEDLINE search (keywords “prostate res- veratrol”) resulted in 39 research papers published since 2007. It has been shown that resveratol down–regulate androgen receptor expression, inhibit proliferation, and promote apop- tosis in prostate cancer cell lines and enhance their sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Several studies on animal prostate cancer development also suggest that resveratrol is able do delay or prevent carcino- genesis in prostate. Despite these promising results, there is no proof of any therapeutic properties of resveratrol in prostate diseases from human clinical trials nor any information about ongoing trials in this field. Conclusions Resveratrol is produced and sold as a nutritional supplement, there is not enough clinical evidence to justify a recommendation for the administration of resveratrol in humans at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Jasiński
- Department of Oncological Urology, Oncology Centre, Bydgoszcz, Poland ; Department of Tissue Engineering, Nicolaus Copernicus University Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Lidia Jasińska
- Department of General Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ogrodowczyk
- Department of General Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Wang TTY, Edwards AJ, Clevidence BA. Strong and weak plasma response to dietary carotenoids identified by cluster analysis and linked to beta-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1538-46. [PMID: 23517913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms as well the genetics underlying the bioavailability and metabolism of carotenoids in humans remain unclear. To begin to address these questions, we used cluster analysis to examine individual temporal responses of plasma carotenoids from a controlled-diet study of subjects who consumed carotenoid-rich beverages. Treatments, given daily for 3 weeks, were watermelon juice at two levels (20-mg lycopene, 2.5-mg β-carotene, n=23 and 40-mg lycopene, 5-mg β-carotene, n=12) and tomato juice (18-mg lycopene, 0.6-mg β-carotene, n=10). Cluster analysis revealed distinct groups of subjects differing in the temporal response of plasma carotenoids and provided the basis for classifying subjects as strong responders or weak responders for β-carotene, lycopene, phytoene and phytofluene. Individuals who were strong or weak responders for one carotenoid were not necessarily strong or weak responders for another carotenoid. Furthermore, individual responsiveness was associated with genetic variants of the carotenoid metabolizing enzyme β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1. These results support the concept that individuals absorb or metabolize carotenoids differently across time and suggest that bioavailability of carotenoids may involve specific genetic variants of β-carotene 15,15'-monooxygenase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Y Wang
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet, Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Peltz L, Gomez J, Marquez M, Alencastro F, Atashpanjeh N, Quang T, Bach T, Zhao Y. Resveratrol exerts dosage and duration dependent effect on human mesenchymal stem cell development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37162. [PMID: 22615926 PMCID: PMC3353901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in the past have illuminated the potential benefit of resveratrol as an anticancer (pro-apoptosis) and life-extending (pro-survival) compound. However, these two different effects were observed at different concentration ranges. Studies of resveratrol in a wide range of concentrations on the same cell type are lacking, which is necessary to comprehend its diverse and sometimes contradictory cellular effects. In this study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on cell self-renewal and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), a type of adult stem cells that reside in a number of tissues, at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 µM after both short- and long-term exposure. Our results reveal that at 0.1 µM, resveratrol promotes cell self-renewal by inhibiting cellular senescence, whereas at 5 µM or above, resveratrol inhibits cell self-renewal by increasing senescence rate, cell doubling time and S-phase cell cycle arrest. At 1 µM, its effect on cell self-renewal is minimal but after long-term exposure it exerts an inhibitory effect, accompanied with increased senescence rate. At all concentrations, resveratrol promotes osteogenic differentiation in a dosage dependent manner, which is offset by its inhibitory effect on cell self-renewal at high concentrations. On the contrary, resveratrol suppresses adipogenic differentiation during short-term exposure but promotes this process after long-term exposure. Our study implicates that resveratrol is the most beneficial to stem cell development at 0.1 µM and caution should be taken in applying resveratrol as an anticancer therapeutic agent or nutraceutical supplement due to its dosage dependent effect on hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Peltz
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Gomez
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Maribel Marquez
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Frances Alencastro
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Negar Atashpanjeh
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Tara Quang
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Thuy Bach
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
| | - Yuanxiang Zhao
- Biological Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li RW, Li C, Wang TT. Transcriptomic alterations in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP tumor xenograft modulated by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate. Mol Carcinog 2012; 52:426-37. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Yan J, Xie B, Capodice JL, Katz AE. Zyflamend inhibits the expression and function of androgen receptor and acts synergistically with bicalutimide to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. Prostate 2012; 72:244-52. [PMID: 21656835 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interference of androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a target for prostate cancer (CaP) chemoprevention and treatment. We hypothesize that Zyflamend (ZYF) assert its anti-cancer effect by disrupting AR signaling. We also hypothesize that it may act synergistically with the anti-androgen bicalutimde to inhibit CaP cell growth. METHODS Western blotting, ELISA and reporter assays were done to test ZYF on AR signaling. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and AR half-life were also examined. Potential synergism between ZYF and bicalutimide were tested via cytotoxicity, colony formation assays, flow cytometry, and Western blotting in the human CAP line, LNCaP and 22RV1. RESULTS ZYF reduced AR protein, mRNA and protein stability levels in LNCaPs. ZYF also reduced both full-length AR protein and truncated AR protein in the 22Rv1 cell line. Nkx3.1 and PSA were also reduced at the mRNA level. PSA promoter activity and secretion were lower after treatment of cells with ZYF. DHT induction of cell proliferation and AR responsiveness revealed reduction of AR, Nkx3.1, and PSA protein were demonstrated with ZYF treatment. Co-treatment with bicalutimide reducing cell growth, induced apoptosis, and reduced Bcl-2 and BclxL, caspase-3 and PARP. Co-treatment also reduced Nkx3.1 and PSA protein. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that ZYF suppresses cell growth mediated by AR signaling, and suggests that the co-treatment with the anti-androgen bicalutimide and ZYF may be a promising approach for cancer therapy and may demonstrate the mechanism of action of ZYF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Model Animal Research Center, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Hudson TS, Perkins SN, Hursting SD, Young HA, Kim YS, Wang TC, Wang TTY. Inhibition of androgen-responsive LNCaP prostate cancer cell tumor xenograft growth by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate correlates with decreased angiogenesis and inhibition of cell attachment. Int J Oncol 2012; 40:1113-21. [PMID: 22266918 PMCID: PMC3584556 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a candidate anticancer compound found in certain cruciferous vegetables. In our tumor cell xenograft model, dietary administration of PEITC (100–150 mg/kg body weight/d) inhibited androgen-responsive LNCaP human prostate cancer cell tumor growth. We found that dietary treatment with PEITC significantly inhibited tumor platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1/CD31) expression, a marker of angiogenesis. By contrast, we did not find the inhibitory effects of PEITC on tumor growth to be associated with alteration of specific markers for apoptosis, cell proliferation or androgen receptor-mediated pathways. Consistent with in vivo results, PEITC exerted little effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle and androgen-dependent pathways. Interestingly, PEITC significantly attenuated LNCaP cell plating efficiency that correlated with inhibition of integrin family proteins integrin β1, α2 and α6 mRNA expression. Thus, PEITC may be a dietary factor that inhibits androgen-responsive prostate tumor growth indirectly by selectively targeting factors involved in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaro S Hudson
- Laboratory of Cellular Regulation and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lin CJ, Lee CC, Shih YL, Lin TY, Wang SH, Lin YF, Shih CM. Resveratrol enhances the therapeutic effect of temozolomide against malignant glioma in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:377-91. [PMID: 22094224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.10.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) is the major chemotherapeutic drug used clinically in the treatment of malignant gliomas. This study investigated the mechanism behind TMZ-induced cell death and the possibility that resveratrol might increase TMZ efficacy. TMZ induced both apoptotic cell death and cytoprotective autophagy through a reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, which was suppressed by resveratrol, resulting in a decrease in autophagy and an increase in apoptosis, suggesting that the ROS/ERK pathway plays a crucial role in the fate of cells after TMZ treatment. Isobolographic analysis indicated that the combination of TMZ and resveratrol has a synergistic effect. Moreover, an in vivo mouse xenograft study also showed that coadministration of resveratrol and TMZ reduced tumor volumes by suppressing ROS/ERK-mediated autophagy and subsequently inducing apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that TMZ-induced ROS/ERK-mediated autophagy protected glioma cells from apoptosis, and the combination of resveratrol with TMZ could improve the efficacy of chemotherapy for brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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