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Hu L, Hu J, Huang Y, Zheng S, Yin J, Li X, Li D, Lv C, Li S, Hu W. Hypoxia-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32533. [PMID: 36607847 PMCID: PMC9829281 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, hypoxia has been recognized as a crucial characteristic of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Indeed, hypoxia promotes the growth, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. In the early 1990s, we found that as many phenomena in hypoxia can occur through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). HIF1α is known as an angiogenesis converter in hypoxia, which promotes tumorigenesis, development, immune escape, recurrence, etc; This page goes into great detail on how HIF1α is activated during hypoxia and how the 2 signaling channels interact. It specifically emphasizes the significance of reactive oxygen species, the function of the PI3K/the serine/threonine kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin cascade, and outlines the similarities between the 2 important factors (reactive oxygen species and PI3K/the serine/threonine kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin cascade), nuclear factor κB, for HIF1α Important implications, in an effort to offer fresh views for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and HIF1α research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Hu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sihan Zheng
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ji Yin
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Daiying Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Caifeng Lv
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Hu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Wenjian Hu, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, O.182 Chunhui Road Longmatan District Luzhou Sichuan 646000, China (e-mail: )
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2
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Wang Z, Cai H, Zhao E, Cui H. The Diverse Roles of Histone Demethylase KDM4B in Normal and Cancer Development and Progression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:790129. [PMID: 35186950 PMCID: PMC8849108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.790129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation status is an important process associated with cell growth, survival, differentiation and gene expression in human diseases. As a member of the KDM4 family, KDM4B specifically targets H1.4K26, H3K9, H3K36, and H4K20, which affects both histone methylation and gene expression. Therefore, KDM4B is often regarded as a key intermediate protein in cellular pathways that plays an important role in growth and development as well as organ differentiation. However, KDM4B is broadly defined as an oncoprotein that plays key roles in processes related to tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, cell survival, metastasis and so on. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of KDM4B in contributing to cancer progression and normal developmental processes. Furthermore, we focus on recent studies highlighting the oncogenic functions of KDM4B in various kinds of cancers, which may be a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. We also provide a relatively complete report of the progress of research related to KDM4B inhibitors and discuss their potential as therapeutic agents for overcoming cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huarui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Erhu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Erhu Zhao, ; Hongjuan Cui,
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Research Center for Cancer Biomedical and Translational Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Erhu Zhao, ; Hongjuan Cui,
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3
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Korbecki J, Simińska D, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Listos J, Gutowska I, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Chronic and Cycling Hypoxia: Drivers of Cancer Chronic Inflammation through HIF-1 and NF-κB Activation: A Review of the Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910701. [PMID: 34639040 PMCID: PMC8509318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic (continuous, non-interrupted) hypoxia and cycling (intermittent, transient) hypoxia are two types of hypoxia occurring in malignant tumors. They are both associated with the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which induce changes in gene expression. This paper discusses in detail the mechanisms of activation of these two transcription factors in chronic and cycling hypoxia and the crosstalk between both signaling pathways. In particular, it focuses on the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) together with nitric oxide synthase, acetylation of HIF-1, and the action of MAPK cascades. The paper also discusses the importance of hypoxia in the formation of chronic low-grade inflammation in cancerous tumors. Finally, we discuss the effects of cycling hypoxia on the tumor microenvironment, in particular on the expression of VEGF-A, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL1/GRO-α, CXCL8/IL-8, and COX-2 together with PGE2. These factors induce angiogenesis and recruit various cells into the tumor niche, including neutrophils and monocytes which, in the tumor, are transformed into tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) that participate in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Donata Simińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72 Av., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.K.); (D.S.); (I.G.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(91)-466-1515
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Tsogas FK, Majerczyk D, Hart PC. Possible Role of Metformin as an Immune Modulator in the Tumor Microenvironment of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020867. [PMID: 33467127 PMCID: PMC7830067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the immune component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be highly involved in the progression of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), as an immunosuppressive TME is associated with worse patient outcomes. Due to the poor prognosis of HGSOC, new therapeutic strategies targeting the TME may provide a potential path forward for preventing disease progression to improve patient survival. One such postulated approach is the repurposing of the type 2 diabetes medication, metformin, which has shown promise in reducing HGSOC tumor progression in retrospective epidemiological analyses and through numerous preclinical studies. Despite its potential utility in treating HGSOC, and that the immune TME is considered as a key factor in the disease’s progression, little data has definitively shown the ability of metformin to target this component of the TME. In this brief review, we provide a summary of the current understanding of the effects of metformin on leukocyte function in ovarian cancer and, coupled with data from other related disease states, posit the potential mechanisms by which the drug may enhance the anti-tumorigenic effects of immune cells to improve HGSOC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye K. Tsogas
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA; (F.K.T.); (D.M.)
| | - Daniel Majerczyk
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA; (F.K.T.); (D.M.)
- Loyola Medicine, Berwyn, IL 60402, USA
| | - Peter C. Hart
- College of Science, Health and Pharmacy, Roosevelt University, Schaumburg, IL 60173, USA; (F.K.T.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
2-Oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (2OGDDs) are a superfamily of enzymes that play diverse roles in many biological processes, including regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-mediated adaptation to hypoxia, extracellular matrix formation, epigenetic regulation of gene transcription and the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. 2OGDDs all require oxygen, reduced iron and 2-oxoglutarate (also known as α-ketoglutarate) to function, although their affinities for each of these co-substrates, and hence their sensitivity to depletion of specific co-substrates, varies widely. Numerous 2OGDDs are recurrently dysregulated in cancer. Moreover, cancer-specific metabolic changes, such as those that occur subsequent to mutations in the genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate hydratase or isocitrate dehydrogenase, can dysregulate specific 2OGDDs. This latter observation suggests that the role of 2OGDDs in cancer extends beyond cancers that harbour mutations in the genes encoding members of the 2OGDD superfamily. Herein, we review the regulation of 2OGDDs in normal cells and how that regulation is corrupted in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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Bicho RC, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Multigenerational Exposure to WCCo Nanomaterials-Epigenetics in the Soil Invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050836. [PMID: 32349361 PMCID: PMC7711902 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has become clear how important it is to assess longer term effects of (nano) materials in the environment given the current evidence showing how epigenetics drives response mechanisms. Here we studied global DNA methylation in standard soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus over 224 days when exposed to nanostructured tungsten carbide cobalt (WCCo nanomaterials (NMs)) and to cobalt (CoCl2) in a multigenerational experiment. In order to assess the transgenerational effect, we used a multigenerational (MG) test design consisting of four generations in spiked soil followed by two generations in clean soil. Results showed that MG exposure to WCCo NMs caused global DNA methylation to increase, which continued in unexposed generations and was associated with an increase in reproduction (phenotypic effect). In general, WCCo NMs caused more (and more consistent) methylation than CoCl2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C. Bicho
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | | | - Mónica J. B. Amorim
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-234-247-093
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Takeshima H, Ushijima T. Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal cells and cancer risk. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:7. [PMID: 30854468 PMCID: PMC6403339 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers develop due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic alterations are induced by aging, mutagenic chemicals, ultraviolet light, and other factors; whereas, epigenetic alterations are mainly by aging and chronic inflammation. The accumulation and patterns of alterations in normal cells reflect our past exposure levels and life history. Most accumulated alterations are considered as passengers, but their accumulation is correlated with cancer drivers. This has been shown for aberrant DNA methylation but has only been speculated for genetic alterations. However, recent technological advancements have enabled measurement of rare point mutations, and studies have shown that their accumulation levels are indeed correlated with cancer risk. When the accumulation levels of aberrant DNA methylation and point mutations are combined, risk prediction becomes even more accurate. When high levels of alterations accumulate, the tissue has a high risk of developing cancer or even multiple cancers and is considered as a “cancerization field”, with or without expansion of physiological patches of clonal cells. In this review, we describe the formation of a cancerization field and how we can apply its detection in precision cancer risk diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Lison D, van den Brule S, Van Maele-Fabry G. Cobalt and its compounds: update on genotoxic and carcinogenic activities. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:522-539. [PMID: 30203727 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1491023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the genotoxic and carcinogenic activities of cobalt compounds. Emphasis is on the respiratory system, but endogenous exposure from Co-containing alloys used in endoprostheses, and limited data on nanomaterials and oral exposures are also considered. Two groups of cobalt compounds are differentiated on the basis of their mechanisms of toxicity: (1) those essentially involving the solubilization of Co(II) ions, and (2) metallic materials for which both surface corrosion and release of Co(II) ions act in concert. For both groups, identified genotoxic and carcinogenic mechanisms are non-stochastic and thus expected to exhibit a threshold. Cobalt compounds should, therefore, be considered as genotoxic carcinogens with a practical threshold. Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic inhalation of cobalt compounds can induce respiratory tumors locally. No evidence of systemic carcinogenicity upon inhalation, oral or endogenous exposure is available. The scarce data available for Co-based nanosized materials does not allow deriving a specific mode of action or assessment for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - S van den Brule
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Van Maele-Fabry
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Krishnan S, Trievel RC. Purification, Biochemical Analysis, and Structure Determination of JmjC Lysine Demethylases. Methods Enzymol 2016; 573:279-301. [PMID: 27372758 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Jumonji C (JmjC) lysine demethylases (KDMs) catalyze the site- and state-specific demethylation of lysine residues in histone and nonhistone protein substrates. These enzymes have been implicated in diverse genomic processes, including epigenetic gene regulation, DNA damage response, DNA replication, and regulation of heterochromatin structure. In addition, a number of JmjC KDMs contribute to the incidence of numerous cancers, rendering them targets for the development of novel chemotherapeutic drugs. Using the JMJD2 KDM subfamily as representative examples, this chapter outlines strategies for purifying highly active, recombinant JmjC KDMs lacking inhibitory transition metal ions, characterizing kinetic parameters of these enzymes using a coupled fluorescent assay, and determining crystal structures of the enzymes in complex with methylated histone peptides. Together, these approaches provide a foundation for structural and biochemical characterization of the JmjC KDMs and facilitate efforts to identify small molecule inhibitors through high-throughput screening and structure-guided design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnan
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - R C Trievel
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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10
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Dai XY, Zhuang LH, Wang DD, Zhou TY, Chang LL, Gai RH, Zhu DF, Yang B, Zhu H, He QJ. Nuclear translocation and activation of YAP by hypoxia contributes to the chemoresistance of SN38 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:6933-47. [PMID: 26771844 PMCID: PMC4872759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hypoxia is a prominent feature contributing to the therapeutic resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) against chemotherapeutic agents, including the Topoisomerase I inhibitor SN38, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood and its understanding remains a major clinical challenge. In the present study, we found that hypoxia-induced nuclear translocation and accumulation of YAP acted as a survival input to promote resistance to SN38 in HCC. The induction of YAP by hypoxia was not mediated by HIF-1α because manipulating the abundance of HIF-1α with CoCl2, exogenous expression, and RNA interference had no effect on the phosphorylation or total levels of YAP. The mevalonate-HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) pathway may modulate the YAP activation under hypoxia. Combined YAP inhibition using either siRNA or the HMGCR inhibitor statins together with SN38 treatment produced improved anti-cancer effects in HCC cells. The increased anti-cancer effect of the combined treatment with statins and irinotecan (the prodrug of SN-38) was further validated in a human HepG2 xenograft model of HCC in nude mice. Taken together, our findings identify YAP as a novel mediator of hypoxic-resistance to SN38. These results suggest that the administration of SN28 together with the suppression of YAP using statins is a promising strategy for enhancing the treatment response in HCC patients, particularly in advanced stage HCC cases presenting hypoxic resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoxia/complications
- Hypoxia/physiopathology
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Irinotecan
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription Factors
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- YAP-Signaling Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yang Dai
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Han Zhuang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tian-Yi Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ren-Hua Gai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Di-Feng Zhu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiao-Jun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Uboldi C, Orsière T, Darolles C, Aloin V, Tassistro V, George I, Malard V. Poorly soluble cobalt oxide particles trigger genotoxicity via multiple pathways. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:5. [PMID: 26843362 PMCID: PMC4739324 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly soluble cobalt (II, III) oxide particles (Co3O4P) are believed to induce in vitro cytotoxic effects via a Trojan-horse mechanism. Once internalized into lysosomal and acidic intracellular compartments, Co3O4P slowly release a low amount of cobalt ions (Co(2+)) that impair the viability of in vitro cultures. In this study, we focused on the genotoxic potential of Co3O4P by performing a comprehensive investigation of the DNA damage exerted in BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that poorly soluble Co3O4P enhanced the formation of micronuclei in binucleated cells. Moreover, by comet assay we showed that Co3O4P induced primary and oxidative DNA damage, and by scoring the formation of γ-H2Ax foci, we demonstrated that Co3O4P also generated double DNA strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS By comparing the effects exerted by poorly soluble Co3O4P with those obtained in the presence of soluble cobalt chloride (CoCl2), we demonstrated that the genotoxic effects of Co3O4P are not simply due to the released Co(2+) but are induced by the particles themselves, as genotoxicity is observed at very low Co3O4P concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Uboldi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Equipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry Orsière
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Equipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Darolles
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Valérie Aloin
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Virginie Tassistro
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Equipe Biogénotoxicologie, Santé Humaine et Environnement, Faculté de Médecine Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Isabelle George
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.,CEA, DSV, Institute of Biology and Technology Saclay (Ibitec-s), Molecular Labeling and Bio-organic Chemistry Unit (SCBM), Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Malard
- CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), Perturbed Systems Biochemistry Laboratory (LBSP), Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France. .,CEA, DSV, Institute of Environmental Biology and Biotechnology (IBEB), IBEB, Laboratoire des Interactions Protéine Métal, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.
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12
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Tooker BC, Ozawa K, Newman LS. CpG promoter methylation status is not a prognostic indicator of gene expression in beryllium challenge. J Immunotoxicol 2015; 13:417-27. [PMID: 26673671 DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2015.1115447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals exposed to beryllium (Be) may develop Be sensitization (BeS) and progress to chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Recent studies with other metal antigens suggest epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in inflammatory disease processes, including granulomatous lung disorders and that a number of metal cations alter gene methylation. The objective of this study was to determine if Be can exert an epigenetic effect on gene expression by altering methylation in the promoter region of specific genes known to be involved in Be antigen-mediated gene expression. To investigate this objective, three macrophage tumor mouse cell lines known to differentially produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but not interferon (IFN)-γ, in response to Be antigen were cultured with Be or controls. Following challenges, ELISA were performed to quantify induced TNFα and IFNγ expression. Bisulfate-converted DNA was evaluated by pyrosequencing to quantify CpG methylation within the promoters of TNFα and IFNγ. Be-challenged H36.12J cells expressed higher levels of TNFα compared to either H36.12E cells or P388D.1 cells. However, there were no variations in TNFα promoter CpG methylation levels between cell lines at the six CpG sites tested. H36.12J cell TNFα expression was shown to be metal-specific by the induction of significantly more TNFα when exposed to Be than when exposed to aluminum sulfate, or nickel (II) chloride, but not when exposed to cobalt (II) chloride. However, H36.12J cell methylation levels at the six CpG sites examined in the TNFα promoter did not correlate with cytokine expression differences. Nonetheless, all three cell lines had significantly more promoter methylation at the six CpG sites investigated within the IFNγ promoter (a gene that is not expressed) when compared to the six CpG sites investigated in the TNFα promoter, regardless of treatment condition (p < 1.17 × 10(-9)). These findings suggest that, in this cell system, promoter hypo-methylation may be necessary to allow expression of metal-induced TNFα and that promoter hyper-methylation in the IFNγ promoter may interfere with expression. Also, at the dozen CpG sites investigated in the promoter regions of both genes, beryllium had no impact on promoter methylation status, despite its ability to induce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Tooker
- a Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine , School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA ;,b Center for Health, Work and Environment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Katherine Ozawa
- a Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine , School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Lee S Newman
- a Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine , School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA ;,b Center for Health, Work and Environment, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health , Colorado School of Public Health , Aurora , CO , USA
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13
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Zhao X, Ibuki Y. Evaluating the toxicity of silver nanoparticles by detecting phosphorylation of histone H3 in combination with flow cytometry side-scattered light. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5003-5012. [PMID: 25815977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of histones is linked to a variety of biological processes and disease states. This paper focuses on phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (p-H3S10), induced by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and discusses the usefulness of p-H3S10 as a marker to evaluate the toxicity of AgNPs. Cultured human cells showed remarkable p-H3S10 immediately after treatment with AgNPs but not with Ag microparticles. p-H3S10 lasts up to 24 h and strongly depends upon the cellular uptake of AgNPs. Removal of Ag ions suppressed p-H3S10, while adding an excess of Ag ions augmented p-H3S10. We expected that p-H3S10 requires two events: cellular uptake of AgNPs and continuous release of Ag ions from intracellular AgNPs. AgNPs enhanced the expression of the proto-oncogene c-jun, and p-H3S10 increased in the promoter sites of the gene, indicating that p-H3S10 might indicate a biological reaction related to carcinogenesis. We previously showed that side-scattered light from flow cytometry could be used to measure the uptake potential of nanoparticles [ Suzuki , H. ; Toyooka , T. ; Ibuki , Y. Simple and easy method to evaluate uptake potential of nanoparticles in mammalian cells using a flow cytometric light scatter analysis . Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007 , 41 ( 8 ), 3018 - 3024 ]. Our current findings suggest that p-H3S10 can be used to evaluate the toxicity of AgNPs and Ag ion release in combination with detection of side-scattered light from flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhao
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuko Ibuki
- Graduate Division of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1, Yada, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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14
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Easwaran H, Tsai HC, Baylin SB. Cancer epigenetics: tumor heterogeneity, plasticity of stem-like states, and drug resistance. Mol Cell 2014; 54:716-27. [PMID: 24905005 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The existence of subpopulations of cells in cancers with increased tumor-initiating capacities and self-renewal potential, often termed "cancer stem cells," is a much discussed and key area of cancer biology. Such cellular heterogeneity is very important because of its impact on therapy and especially states of treatment resistance. A major question is whether there is plasticity for evolution of these cell states during tumorigenesis that can involve movement between cell populations in a reversible fashion. In this review, we discuss the possible role of epigenetic abnormalities as well as genetic alterations in such dynamics and in the creation of cellular heterogeneity in cancers of all types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Easwaran
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hsing-Chen Tsai
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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15
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Zheng Y, Tipton JD, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL, Sweet SMM. Site-specific human histone H3 methylation stability: fast K4me3 turnover. Proteomics 2014; 14:2190-9. [PMID: 24826939 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We employ stable-isotope labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry to track histone methylation stability. We show that H3 trimethyl K9 and K27 are slow to be established on new histones and slow to disappear from old histones, with half-lives of multiple cell divisions. By contrast, the transcription-associated marks K4me3 and K36me3 turn over far more rapidly, with half-lives of 6.8 h and 57 h, respectively. Inhibition of demethylases increases K9 and K36 methylation, with K9 showing the largest and most robust increase. We interpret different turnover rates in light of genome-wide localization data and transcription-dependent nucleosome rearrangements proximal to the transcription start site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupeng Zheng
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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16
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Smeester L, Yosim AE, Nye MD, Hoyo C, Murphy SK, Fry RC. Imprinted genes and the environment: links to the toxic metals arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. Genes (Basel) 2014; 5:477-96. [PMID: 24921406 PMCID: PMC4094944 DOI: 10.3390/genes5020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes defy rules of Mendelian genetics with their expression tied to the parent from whom each allele was inherited. They are known to play a role in various diseases/disorders including fetal growth disruption, lower birth weight, obesity, and cancer. There is increasing interest in understanding their influence on environmentally-induced disease. The environment can be thought of broadly as including chemicals present in air, water and soil, as well as food. According to the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), some of the highest ranking environmental chemicals of concern include metals/metalloids such as arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. The complex relationships between toxic metal exposure, imprinted gene regulation/expression and health outcomes are understudied. Herein we examine trends in imprinted gene biology, including an assessment of the imprinted genes and their known functional roles in the cell, particularly as they relate to toxic metals exposure and disease. The data highlight that many of the imprinted genes have known associations to developmental diseases and are enriched for their role in the TP53 and AhR pathways. Assessment of the promoter regions of the imprinted genes resulted in the identification of an enrichment of binding sites for two transcription factor families, namely the zinc finger family II and PLAG transcription factors. Taken together these data contribute insight into the complex relationships between toxic metals in the environment and imprinted gene biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Andrew E Yosim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Monica D Nye
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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17
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Tian X, Zhang S, Liu HM, Zhang YB, Blair CA, Mercola D, Sassone-Corsi P, Zi X. Histone lysine-specific methyltransferases and demethylases in carcinogenesis: new targets for cancer therapy and prevention. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2014; 13:558-79. [PMID: 23713993 DOI: 10.2174/1568009611313050007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant histone lysine methylation that is controlled by histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) plays significant roles in carcinogenesis. Infections by tumor viruses or parasites and exposures to chemical carcinogens can modify the process of histone lysine methylation. Many KMTs and KDMs contribute to malignant transformation by regulating the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), forming a fused gene, interacting with proto-oncogenes or being up-regulated in cancer cells. In addition, histone lysine methylation participates in tumor suppressor gene inactivation during the early stages of carcinogenesis by regulating DNA methylation and/or by other DNA methylation independent mechanisms. Furthermore, recent genetic discoveries of many mutations in KMTs and KDMs in various types of cancers highlight their numerous roles in carcinogenesis and provide rare opportunities for selective and tumor-specific targeting of these enzymes. The study on global histone lysine methylation levels may also offer specific biomarkers for cancer detection, diagnosis and prognosis, as well as for genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogenic exposures and risk assessment. This review summarizes the role of histone lysine methylation in the process of cellular transformation and carcinogenesis, genetic alterations of KMTs and KDMs in different cancers and recent progress in discovery of small molecule inhibitors of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Tian
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange CA 92868, USA
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18
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Hickok JR, Vasudevan D, Antholine WE, Thomas DD. Nitric oxide modifies global histone methylation by inhibiting Jumonji C domain-containing demethylases. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16004-15. [PMID: 23546878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.432294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylation of lysine residues on histone tails is an important epigenetic modification that is dynamically regulated through the combined effects of methyltransferases and demethylases. The Jumonji C domain Fe(II) α-ketoglutarate family of proteins performs the majority of histone demethylation. We demonstrate that nitric oxide ((•)NO) directly inhibits the activity of the demethylase KDM3A by forming a nitrosyliron complex in the catalytic pocket. Exposing cells to either chemical or cellular sources of (•)NO resulted in a significant increase in dimethyl Lys-9 on histone 3 (H3K9me2), the preferred substrate for KDM3A. G9a, the primary methyltransferase acting on H3K9me2, was down-regulated in response to (•)NO, and changes in methylation state could not be accounted for by methylation in general. Furthermore, cellular iron sequestration via dinitrosyliron complex formation correlated with increased methylation. The mRNA of several histone demethylases and methyltransferases was also differentially regulated in response to (•)NO. Taken together, these data reveal three novel and distinct mechanisms whereby (•)NO can affect histone methylation as follows: direct inhibition of Jumonji C demethylase activity, reduction in iron cofactor availability, and regulation of expression of methyl-modifying enzymes. This model of (•)NO as an epigenetic modulator provides a novel explanation for nonclassical gene regulation by (•)NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Hickok
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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19
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Takeshima H, Ikegami D, Wakabayashi M, Niwa T, Kim YJ, Ushijima T. Induction of aberrant trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 by inflammation in mouse colonic epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2384-90. [PMID: 22976929 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A field for cancerization (field defect), where genetic and epigenetic alterations are accumulated in normal-appearing tissues, is involved in human carcinogenesis, especially cancers associated with chronic inflammation. Although aberrant DNA methylation is involved in the field defect and induced by chronic inflammation, it is still unclear for trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), which is involved in gene repression independent of DNA methylation and functions as a pre-mark for aberrant DNA methylation. In this study, using a mouse colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), we aimed to clarify whether aberrant H3K27me3 is induced by inflammation and involved in a field defect. ChIP-on-chip analysis of colonic epithelial cells revealed that H3K27me3 levels were increased or decreased for 266 genomic regions by aging, and more extensively (23 increased and 3574 decreased regions) by colitis. Such increase or decrease of H3K27me3 was induced as early as 2 weeks after the initiation of DSS treatment, and persisted at least for 16 weeks even after the inflammation disappeared. Some of the aberrant H3K27me3 in colonic epithelial cells was carried over into colon tumors. Furthermore, H3K27me3 acquired at Dapk1 by colitis was followed by increased DNA methylation, supporting its function as a pre-mark for aberrant DNA methylation. These results demonstrated that aberrant H3K27me3 can be induced by exposure to a specific environment, such as colitis, and suggested that aberrant histone modification, in addition to aberrant DNA methylation, is involved in the formation of a field defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045, Tokyo, Japan and
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20
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Gürbay A. Protective effect of zinc chloride against cobalt chloride-induced cytotoxicity on vero cells: preliminary results. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 148:110-6. [PMID: 22281816 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-012-9331-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible time- and dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of cobalt chloride on Vero cells. The cultured cells were incubated with different concentrations of cobalt chloride ranging from 0.5 to 1,000 μM, and cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and resazurin assays. Possible protective effects of vitamin E, coenzyme Q(10), and zinc chloride were also tested in this system. A gradual decrease in cell proliferation was observed at concentrations ~≥ 200 μM in incubation periods of 24, 48, 72, and 96 h with MTT assay. Exposure of cells to 500 and 1,000 μM cobalt chloride caused significant decrease in cell survival. A biphasic survival profile of cells was observed at 1-25 μM concentration range following 96 h of incubation. With resazurin assay, cytotoxicity profile of CoCl(2) was found comparable to the results of MTT assay, particularly at high concentrations and long incubation periods. Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was noted following exposure of cells to ≥ 250 μM of CoCl(2) for 24 h and ≥ 100 μM concentrations of CoCl(2) for 48-96 h. Pretreatment of cells with ZnCl(2) for 4 or 24 h provided significant protection against cobalt chloride-induced cytotoxicity when measured with MTT assay. However, vitamin E or coenzyme Q(10) was not protective. CoCl(2) had dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effects in Vero cells. Preventive effect of ZnCl(2) against CoCl(2)-induced cytotoxicity should be considered in detail to define exact mechanism of toxicity in Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Gürbay
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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21
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Dik S, Scheepers PTJ, Godderis L. Effects of environmental stressors on histone modifications and their relevance to carcinogenesis: A systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2012; 42:491-500. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2012.684146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Guo X, Lu J, Wang Y, Gui Y, Duan X, Cai Z. Ascorbate antagonizes nickel ion to regulate JMJD1A expression in kidney cancer cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2012; 44:330-8. [PMID: 22318714 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gms004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal expression of histone demethylase Jumonji domain-containing protein 1A (JMJD1A) is associated with many kinds of cancers. JMJD1A is also a hypoxic response gene and its expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). In this study, we determined the role of JMJD1A in development and hypoxia pathway. We also measured the expression of JMJD1A and two hypoxia factors glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 786-0 and HEK293 cells treated with different concentrations of NiCl(2) (2.5-100 μM) for 24 h, and found that JMJD1A mRNA and protein were up-regulated with increased concentrations of NiCl(2). We then observed that ascorbate could retard the up-regulated effect of NiCl(2)-induced JMJD1A expression in a dose-dependent manner through decreasing the stability of HIF-1α protein. Immunohistochemical analysis further demonstrated ascorbate antagonized Ni(2+)-induced up-regulation of JMJD1A expression in 786-0, HEK293, and OS-RC-2 cells. These findings suggest that both Ni(2+) and ascorbate can regulate the expression of histone demethylase JMJD1A, which is important for cancer development or inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Guo
- Guangdong and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Institute of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
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23
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Polyzois I, Nikolopoulos D, Michos I, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. Local and systemic toxicity of nanoscale debris particles in total hip arthroplasty. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:255-69. [PMID: 22328167 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years joint replacement prostheses have been developed and refined to enhance durability and reproducibility. Total hip joint arthroplasty is being performed in an increasing number of younger patients; therefore orthopaedic surgeons seek implants with a longer life span. With regards to the progress of mechanical behaviour of the biomaterials used in an arthroplasty, little is known about the long-term biological effects of wear debris. Owing to the composition of the prostheses currently in use, systemic exposure to chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and aluminium (Al) alloys occurs as a result of the formation of metal wear nano-particles that are released both from metal-on-metal and polyethylene-on-metal bearings, resulting in a postoperative increase in metal ion levels at different organ sites. These particles circulate both locally and systemically, penetrate cell plasma membranes, bind to cellular proteins and enzymes and modulate cytokine expression. Their physiologic effects are poorly understood and their potential toxicity, hypersensitivity and carcinogenicity remain a cause for concern. In this article we will address the issue of whether these nanoscale degradation products are associated with adverse, clinically significant local or systemic toxicologic sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Polyzois
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, and 4th Orthopaedic Department, Ascleipion Voulas General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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24
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Krishnan S, Collazo E, Ortiz-Tello PA, Trievel RC. Purification and assay protocols for obtaining highly active Jumonji C demethylases. Anal Biochem 2012; 420:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Wright DE, Wang CY, Kao CF. Flickin' the ubiquitin switch: the role of H2B ubiquitylation in development. Epigenetics 2011; 6:1165-75. [PMID: 21937884 DOI: 10.4161/epi.6.10.17745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible ubiquitylation of histone H2B has long been implicated in transcriptional activation and gene silencing. However, many questions regarding its regulation and effects on chromatin structure remain unanswered. In addition, while several studies have uncovered an involvement of this modification in the control of certain developmental processes, a more general understanding of its requirement is lacking. Herein, we present a broad overview of the pathways known to be regulated by H2B ubiquitylation, while drawing parallels between findings in disparate organisms, in order to facilitate continued delineation of its spatiotemporal role in development. Finally, we integrate the findings of recent studies into how H2B ubiquitylation affects chromatin, and cast an eye over emerging areas for future research.
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Analysis of hypoxia and hypoxia-like states through metabolite profiling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24741. [PMID: 21931840 PMCID: PMC3171472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In diverse organisms, adaptation to low oxygen (hypoxia) is mediated through complex gene expression changes that can, in part, be mimicked by exposure to metals such as cobalt. Although much is known about the transcriptional response to hypoxia and cobalt, little is known about the all-important cell metabolism effects that trigger these responses. Methods and Findings Herein we use a low molecular weight metabolome profiling approach to identify classes of metabolites in yeast cells that are altered as a consequence of hypoxia or cobalt exposures. Key findings on metabolites were followed-up by measuring expression of relevant proteins and enzyme activities. We find that both hypoxia and cobalt result in a loss of essential sterols and unsaturated fatty acids, but the basis for these changes are disparate. While hypoxia can affect a variety of enzymatic steps requiring oxygen and heme, cobalt specifically interferes with diiron-oxo enzymatic steps for sterol synthesis and fatty acid desaturation. In addition to diiron-oxo enzymes, cobalt but not hypoxia results in loss of labile 4Fe-4S dehydratases in the mitochondria, but has no effect on homologous 4Fe-4S dehydratases in the cytosol. Most striking, hypoxia but not cobalt affected cellular pools of amino acids. Amino acids such as aromatics were elevated whereas leucine and methionine, essential to the strain used here, dramatically decreased due to hypoxia induced down-regulation of amino acid permeases. Conclusions These studies underscore the notion that cobalt targets a specific class of iron proteins and provide the first evidence for hypoxia effects on amino acid regulation. This research illustrates the power of metabolite profiling for uncovering new adaptations to environmental stress.
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27
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Cyr AR, Domann FE. The redox basis of epigenetic modifications: from mechanisms to functional consequences. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:551-89. [PMID: 20919933 PMCID: PMC3118659 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications represent mechanisms by which cells may effectively translate multiple signaling inputs into phenotypic outputs. Recent research is revealing that redox metabolism is an increasingly important determinant of epigenetic control that may have significant ramifications in both human health and disease. Numerous characterized epigenetic marks, including histone methylation, acetylation, and ADP-ribosylation, as well as DNA methylation, have direct linkages to central metabolism through critical redox intermediates such as NAD(+), S-adenosyl methionine, and 2-oxoglutarate. Fluctuations in these intermediates caused by both normal and pathologic stimuli may thus have direct effects on epigenetic signaling that lead to measurable changes in gene expression. In this comprehensive review, we present surveys of both metabolism-sensitive epigenetic enzymes and the metabolic processes that may play a role in their regulation. To close, we provide a series of clinically relevant illustrations of the communication between metabolism and epigenetics in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer disease, cancer, and environmental toxicity. We anticipate that the regulatory mechanisms described herein will play an increasingly large role in our understanding of human health and disease as epigenetics research progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Cyr
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1181, USA
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28
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Verma R, Xu X, Jaiswal MK, Olsen C, Mears D, Caretti G, Galdzicki Z. In vitro profiling of epigenetic modifications underlying heavy metal toxicity of tungsten-alloy and its components. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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29
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Reactive oxygen species and oxidative DNA damage mediate the cytotoxicity of tungsten-nickel-cobalt alloys in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 250:19-28. [PMID: 20934443 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten alloys (WA) have been introduced in an attempt to find safer alternatives to depleted uranium and lead munitions. However, it is known that at least one alloy, 91% tungsten-6% nickel-3% cobalt (WNC-91-6-3), causes rhabdomyosarcomas when fragments are implanted in rat muscle. This raises concerns that shrapnel, if not surgically removable, may result in similar tumours in humans. There is therefore a clear need to develop rapid and robust in vitro methods to characterise the toxicity of different WAs in order to identify those that are most likely to be harmful to human health and to guide development of new materials in the future. In the current study we have developed a rapid visual in vitro assay to detect toxicity mediated by individual WA particles in cultured L6-C11 rat muscle cells. Using a variety of techniques (histology, comet assay, caspase-3 activity, oxidation of 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin to measure the production of reactive oxygen species and whole-genome microarrays) we show that, in agreement with the in vivo rat carcinogenicity studies, WNC-91-6-3 was the most toxic of the alloys tested. On dissolution, it produces large amounts of reactive oxygen species, causes significant amounts of DNA damage, inhibits caspase-3, triggers a severe hypoxic response and kills the cells in the immediate vicinity of the alloy particles within 24h. By combining these in vitro data we offer a mechanistic explanation of the effect of this alloy in vivo and show that in vitro tests are a viable alternative for assessing new alloys in the future.
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Sekirnik R, Rose NR, Mecinović J, Schofield CJ. 2-Oxoglutarate oxygenases are inhibited by a range of transition metals. Metallomics 2010; 2:397-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c004952b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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