1
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Qiang E, Xu H. PGE 2 synthesis and signaling in the liver physiology and pathophysiology: An update. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 174:106875. [PMID: 39019102 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in systemic metabolism and drug degradation. However, it is highly susceptible to damage due to various factors, including metabolic imbalances, excessive alcohol consumption, viral infections, and drug influences. These factors often result in conditions such as fatty liver, hepatitis, and acute or chronic liver injury. Failure to address these injuries could promptly lead to the development of liver cirrhosis and potentially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that belongs to the class of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and is synthesized via the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. By binding to its G protein coupled receptors (i.e., EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4), PGE2 has a wide range of physiological and pathophysiology effects, including pain, inflammation, fever, cardiovascular homeostasis, etc. Recently, emerging studies showed that PGE2 plays an indispensable role in liver health and disease. This review focus on the research progress of the role of PGE2 synthase and its receptors in liver physiological and pathophysiological processes and discuss the possibility of developing liver protective drugs targeting the COXs/PGESs/PGE2/EPs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erjiao Qiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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2
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Chae IG, Jung J, Kim DH, Choi JS, Chun KS. EP4 receptor agonist CAY10598 upregulates ROS-dependent Hsp90 cleavage in colorectal cancer cells. Free Radic Res 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39258904 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2024.2396909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) interacts with four specific G protein-coupled receptors, namely EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, playing a pivotal role in determining the fate of cells. Our previous findings highlighted that stimulating the EP4 receptor with its agonist, CAY10598, triggers apoptosis in colon cancer HCT116 cells via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This process also reduces the phosphorylation of the oncogenic protein JAK2 and leads to its degradation in these cells. In this study, our goal was to explore the pathways through which CAY10598 leads to JAK2 degradation. We focused on Hsp90, a heat shock protein family member known for its role as a molecular chaperone maintaining the stability of several key proteins including EGFR, MET, Akt, and JAK2. Our results show that CAY10598 decreases the levels of client proteins of Hsp90 in HCT116 cells, an effect reversible by pretreatment with the ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or the proteasome inhibitor MG132, indicating that the degradation is likely driven by ROS. Furthermore, we observed that CAY10598 cleaves both α and β isoforms of Hsp90, the process inhibited by NAC. Inhibition of EP4 with the antagonist GW627368x not only prevented the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins but also the cleavage of Hsp90 itself in CAY10598-treated HCT116 cells. Additionally, CAY10598 suppressed the growth of HCT116 cells implanted in mice. Our findings reveal that CAY10598 induces apoptosis in cancer cells by a novel mechanism involving the ROS-dependent cleavage of Hsp90, thereby inhibiting the function of crucial Hsp90 client proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Gyung Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Gyeongbuk Institute for Bio Industry (GIB), Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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3
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Wang D, Li X, Miao Y, Zhang Q. Profiling Chemobiological Connection between Natural Product and Target Space Based on Systematic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11265. [PMID: 37511025 PMCID: PMC10378764 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products provide valuable starting points for new drugs with unique chemical structures. Here, we retrieve and join the LOTUS natural product database and ChEMBL interaction database to explore the relations and rhythm between chemical features of natural products and biotarget spaces. Our analysis revealed relations between the biogenic pathways of natural products and species taxonomy. Nitrogen-containing natural products were more likely to achieve high activity and have a higher potential to become candidate compounds. An apparent trend existed in the target space of natural products originating from different biological sources. Highly active alkaloids were more related to targets of neurodegenerative or neural diseases. Oligopeptides and polyketides were mainly associated with protein phosphorylation and HDAC receptors. Fatty acids readily intervened in various physiological processes involving prostanoids and leukotrienes. We also used FusionDTA, a deep learning model, to predict the affinity between all LOTUS natural products and 622 therapeutic drug targets, exploring the potential target space for natural products. Our data exploration provided a global perspective on the gaps in the chemobiological space of natural compounds through systematic analysis and prediction of their target space, which can be used for new drug design or natural drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disheng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xue Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yicheng Miao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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4
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Binh Tran TD, Nguyen H, Sodergren E, Addiction CFSNO, Dickson PE, Wright SN, Philip VM, Weinstock GM, Chesler EJ, Zhou Y, Bubier JA. Microbial glutamate metabolism predicts intravenous cocaine self-administration in diversity outbred mice. Neuropharmacology 2023; 226:109409. [PMID: 36592885 PMCID: PMC9943525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is thought to play a critical role in the onset and development of psychiatric disorders, including depression and substance use disorder (SUD). To test the hypothesis that the microbiome affects addiction predisposing behaviors and cocaine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) and to identify specific microbes involved in the relationship, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing on feces from 228 diversity outbred mice. Twelve open field measures, two light-dark assay measures, one hole board and novelty place preference measure significantly differed between mice that acquired cocaine IVSA (ACQ) and those that failed to acquire IVSA (FACQ). We found that ACQ mice are more active and exploratory and display decreased fear than FACQ mice. The microbial abundances that differentiated ACQ from FACQ mice were an increased abundance of Barnesiella, Ruminococcus, and Robinsoniella and decreased Clostridium IV in ACQ mice. There was a sex-specific correlation between ACQ and microbial abundance, a reduced Lactobacillus abundance in ACQ male mice, and a decreased Blautia abundance in female ACQ mice. The abundance of Robinsoniella was correlated, and Clostridium IV inversely correlated with the number of doses of cocaine self-administered during acquisition. Functional analysis of the microbiome composition of a subset of mice suggested that gut-brain modules encoding glutamate metabolism genes are associated with the propensity to self-administer cocaine. These findings establish associations between the microbiome composition and glutamate metabolic potential and the ability to acquire cocaine IVSA thus indicating the potential translational impact of targeting the gut microbiome or microbial metabolites for treatment of SUD. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Dong Binh Tran
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hoan Nguyen
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Erica Sodergren
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | - Price E Dickson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Susan N Wright
- Division of Neuroscience and Behavior, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Three White Flint North, Room 08C08 MSC 6018, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vivek M Philip
- The Jackson Laboratory Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - George M Weinstock
- The Jackson Laboratory Genomic Medicine, 10 Discovery Way, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elissa J Chesler
- The Jackson Laboratory Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jason A Bubier
- The Jackson Laboratory Mammalian Genetics, 600 Main St, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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5
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Hou R, Yu Y, Jiang J. Prostaglandin E2 in neuroblastoma: Targeting synthesis or signaling? Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113966. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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6
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Srivastava T, Garola RE, Zhou J, Boinpelly VC, Priya L, Ali MF, Rezaiekhaligh MH, Heruth DP, Novak J, Alon US, Joshi T, Jiang Y, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Johnson ML, Sharma R, Sharma M. Prostanoid receptors in hyperfiltration-mediated glomerular injury: Novel agonists and antagonists reveal opposing roles for EP2 and EP4 receptors. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22559. [PMID: 36125047 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200875r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increased fluid-flow shear stress (FFSS) contributes to hyperfiltration-induced podocyte and glomerular injury resulting in progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We reported that increased FFSS in vitro and in vivo upregulates PGE2 receptor EP2 (but not EP4 expression), COX2-PGE2 -EP2 axis, and EP2-linked Akt-GSK3β-β-catenin signaling pathway in podocytes. To understand and use the disparities between PGE2 receptors, specific agonists, and antagonists of EP2 and EP4 were used to assess phosphorylation of Akt, GSK3β and β-catenin in podocytes using Western blotting, glomerular filtration barrier function using in vitro albumin permeability (Palb ) assay, and mitigation of hyperfiltration-induced injury in unilaterally nephrectomized (UNX) mice at 1 and 6 months. Results show an increase in Palb by PGE2 , EP2 agonist (EP2AGO ) and EP4 antagonist (EP4ANT ), but not by EP2 antagonist (EP2ANT ) or EP4 agonist (EP4AGO ). Pretreatment with EP2ANT blocked the effect of PGE2 or EP2AGO on Palb . Modulation of EP2 and EP4 also induced opposite effects on phosphorylation of Akt and β-Catenin. Individual agonists or antagonists of EP2 or EP4 did not induce significant improvement in albuminuria in UNX mice. However, treatment with a combination EP2ANT + EP4AGO for 1 or 6 months caused a robust decrease in albuminuria. EP2ANT + EP4AGO combination did not impact adaptive hypertrophy or increased serum creatinine. Observed differences between expression of EP2 and EP4 on the glomerular barrier highlight these receptors as potential targets for intervention. Safe and effective mitigating effect of EP2ANT + EP4AGO presents a novel opportunity to delay the progression of hyperfiltration-associated CKD as seen in transplant donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City-School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert E Garola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Varun C Boinpelly
- Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Lakshmi Priya
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mohammed Farhan Ali
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rezaiekhaligh
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Uri S Alon
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yuexu Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ellen T McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Virginia J Savin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City-School of Dentistry, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Ram Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Midwest Veterans' Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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7
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The Interaction of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Prostaglandin E2 Signaling in Carcinogenesis: A Focus on Cervical Cancer Therapeutics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162528. [PMID: 36010605 PMCID: PMC9406919 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) and chronic inflammation are factors associated with the onset and progression of several neoplasias, including cervical cancer. Oncogenic proteins E5, E6, and E7 from HPV are the main drivers of cervical carcinogenesis. In the present article, we review the general mechanisms of HPV-driven cervical carcinogenesis, as well as the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and downstream effectors in this pathology. We also review the evidence on the crosstalk between chronic HPV infection and PGE2 signaling, leading to immune response weakening and cervical cancer development. Finally, the last section updates the current therapeutic and preventive options targeting PGE2-derived inflammation and HPV infection in cervical cancer. These treatments include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prophylactic and therapeutical vaccines, immunomodulators, antivirals, and nanotechnology. Inflammatory signaling pathways are closely related to the carcinogenic nature of the virus, highlighting inflammation as a co-factor for HPV-dependent carcinogenesis. Therefore, blocking inflammatory signaling pathways, modulating immune response against HPV, and targeting the virus represent excellent options for anti-tumoral therapies in cervical cancer.
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8
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Lone AM, Giansanti P, Jørgensen MJ, Gjerga E, Dugourd A, Scholten A, Saez-Rodriguez J, Heck AJR, Taskén K. Systems approach reveals distinct and shared signaling networks of the four PGE 2 receptors in T cells. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabc8579. [PMID: 34609894 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abc8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Lone
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands.,Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Marthe Jøntvedt Jørgensen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enio Gjerga
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Arjen Scholten
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Joint Research Centre for Computational Biomedicine (JRC-Combine), RWTH-Aachen University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen 52074, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy and K.G. Jebsen Centre for B Cell Malignancies, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
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9
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Sluter MN, Hou R, Li L, Yasmen N, Yu Y, Liu J, Jiang J. EP2 Antagonists (2011-2021): A Decade's Journey from Discovery to Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11816-11836. [PMID: 34352171 PMCID: PMC8455147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of health disasters associated with the chronic use of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor drugs, it has been widely proposed that modulation of downstream prostanoid synthases or receptors might provide more specificity than simply shutting down the entire COX cascade for anti-inflammatory benefits. The pathogenic actions of COX-2 have long been thought attributable to the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signaling through its Gαs-coupled EP2 receptor subtype; however, the truly selective EP2 antagonists did not emerge until 2011. These small molecules provide game-changing tools to better understand the EP2 receptor in inflammation-associated conditions. Their applications in preclinical models also reshape our knowledge of PGE2/EP2 signaling as a node of inflammation in health and disease. As we celebrate the 10-year anniversary of this breakthrough, the exploration of their potential as drug candidates for next-generation anti-inflammatory therapies has just begun. The first decade of EP2 antagonists passes, while their future looks brighter than ever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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10
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Biringer RG. A Review of Prostanoid Receptors: Expression, Characterization, Regulation, and Mechanism of Action. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:155-184. [PMID: 32970276 PMCID: PMC7991060 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin signaling controls a wide range of biological processes from blood pressure homeostasis to inflammation and resolution thereof to the perception of pain to cell survival. Disruption of normal prostanoid signaling is implicated in numerous disease states. Prostaglandin signaling is facilitated by G-protein-coupled, prostanoid-specific receptors and the array of associated G-proteins. This review focuses on the expression, characterization, regulation, and mechanism of action of prostanoid receptors with particular emphasis on human isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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11
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Srivastava T, Heruth DP, Duncan RS, Rezaiekhaligh MH, Garola RE, Priya L, Zhou J, Boinpelly VC, Novak J, Ali MF, Joshi T, Alon US, Jiang Y, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Sharma R, Johnson ML, Sharma M. Transcription Factor β-Catenin Plays a Key Role in Fluid Flow Shear Stress-Mediated Glomerular Injury in Solitary Kidney. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051253. [PMID: 34069476 PMCID: PMC8159099 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) in solitary kidney alters podocyte function in vivo. FFSS-treated cultured podocytes show upregulated AKT-GSK3β-β-catenin signaling. The present study was undertaken to confirm (i) the activation of β-catenin signaling in podocytes in vivo using unilaterally nephrectomized (UNX) TOPGAL mice with the β-galactosidase reporter gene for β-catenin activation, (ii) β-catenin translocation in FFSS-treated mouse podocytes, and (iii) β-catenin signaling using publicly available data from UNX mice. The UNX of TOPGAL mice resulted in glomerular hypertrophy and increased the mesangial matrix consistent with hemodynamic adaptation. Uninephrectomized TOPGAL mice showed an increased β-galactosidase expression at 4 weeks but not at 12 weeks, as assessed using immunofluorescence microscopy (p < 0.001 at 4 weeks; p = 0.16 at 12 weeks) and X-gal staining (p = 0.008 at 4 weeks; p = 0.65 at 12 weeks). Immunofluorescence microscopy showed a significant increase in phospho-β-catenin (Ser552, p = 0.005) at 4 weeks but not at 12 weeks (p = 0.935) following UNX, and the levels of phospho-β-catenin (Ser675) did not change. In vitro FFSS caused a sustained increase in the nuclear translocation of phospho-β-catenin (Ser552) but not phospho-β-catenin (Ser675) in podocytes. The bioinformatic analysis of the GEO dataset, #GSE53996, also identified β-catenin as a key upstream regulator. We conclude that transcription factor β-catenin mediates FFSS-induced podocyte (glomerular) injury in solitary kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.H.R.); (L.P.); (M.F.A.); (U.S.A.)
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (J.Z.); (V.C.B.); (M.S.)
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-816-234-3010; Fax: +1-816-302-9919
| | - Daniel P. Heruth
- Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - R. Scott Duncan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Mohammad H. Rezaiekhaligh
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.H.R.); (L.P.); (M.F.A.); (U.S.A.)
| | - Robert E. Garola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Lakshmi Priya
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.H.R.); (L.P.); (M.F.A.); (U.S.A.)
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (J.Z.); (V.C.B.); (M.S.)
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (V.J.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Varun C. Boinpelly
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (J.Z.); (V.C.B.); (M.S.)
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (V.J.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Jan Novak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35487, USA;
| | - Mohammed Farhan Ali
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.H.R.); (L.P.); (M.F.A.); (U.S.A.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- MU Data Science and Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Uri S. Alon
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA; (M.H.R.); (L.P.); (M.F.A.); (U.S.A.)
| | - Yuexu Jiang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ellen T. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Virginia J. Savin
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (V.J.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ram Sharma
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (V.J.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Mark L. Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA;
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation (MVBRF), Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (J.Z.); (V.C.B.); (M.S.)
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (V.J.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
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12
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Lone AM, Taskén K. Phosphoproteomics-Based Characterization of Prostaglandin E 2 Signaling in T Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:370-382. [PMID: 33674363 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a key lipid mediator in health and disease and serves as a crucial link between the immune response and cancer. With the advent of cancer therapies targeting PGE2 signaling pathways at different levels, there has been increased interest in mapping and understanding the complex and interconnected signaling pathways arising from the four distinct PGE2 receptors. Here, we review phosphoproteomics studies that have investigated different aspects of PGE2 signaling in T cells. These studies have elucidated PGE2's regulatory effect on T cell receptor signaling and T cell function, the key role of protein kinase A in many PGE2 signaling pathways, the temporal regulation of PGE2 signaling, differences in PGE2 signaling between different T cell subtypes, and finally, the crosstalk between PGE2 signaling pathways elicited by the four distinct PGE2 receptors present in T cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Through the reviewed studies, we now have a much better understanding of PGE2's signaling mechanisms and functional roles in T cells, as well as a solid platform for targeted and functional studies of specific PGE2-triggered pathways in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mari Lone
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital (A.M.L., K.T.) and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (K.T.)
| | - Kjetil Taskén
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital (A.M.L., K.T.) and Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (K.T.)
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13
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Lee C, Viswanathan G, Choi I, Jassal C, Kohlmann T, Rajagopal S. Beta-Arrestins and Receptor Signaling in the Vascular Endothelium. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010009. [PMID: 33374806 PMCID: PMC7824595 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is the innermost layer of blood vessels and is a key regulator of vascular tone. Endothelial function is controlled by receptor signaling through G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases and receptor serine-threonine kinases. The β-arrestins, multifunctional adapter proteins, have the potential to regulate all of these receptor families, although it is unclear as to whether they serve to integrate signaling across all of these different axes. Notably, the β-arrestins have been shown to regulate signaling by a number of receptors important in endothelial function, such as chemokine receptors and receptors for vasoactive substances such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and prostaglandins. β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathways have been shown to play central roles in pathways that control vasodilation, cell proliferation, migration, and immune function. At this time, the physiological impact of this signaling has not been studied in detail, but a deeper understanding of it could lead to the development of novel therapies for the treatment of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
| | - Issac Choi
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
| | - Chanpreet Jassal
- College of Arts and Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Taylor Kohlmann
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
- Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (G.V.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Abstract
Prostaglandin induced signalling is involved in different cancers. As previously described, the EP3 receptor expression decreases with increasing stage of cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN). In addition, in cervical cancer EP3 is an independent prognosticator for overall survival and correlates with FIGO stages. Currently the role of Prostaglandin 2 receptor 2 (EP2) in CIN is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of EP2 for potential prognostic value for patients with cervical dysplasia. EP2 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in 33 patient samples (CIN1–3) using the immune-reactivity scoring system (IRS). Expression levels were correlated with clinical outcome to analyse prognostic relevance in patients with CIN2. Data analysis was performed using non parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman rank sum test. Cytoplasmic expression levels of EP2 correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with different grades of cervical dysplasia. Median EP2-IRS in CIN1 was 2 (n = 8), 3 in CIN2 (n = 9) and 6 in CIN3 (n = 16). Comparing regressive (n = 3, median IRS = 2) to progressive (n = 6, median IRS = 4) CIN2 cases the median IRS differed significantly (p = 0.017). Staining intensity (p = 0.009) and IRS (p = 0.005) of EP2 and EP3 correlate inversely. EP2 expression level significantly increases with higher grade of CIN and could qualify as a potential prognostic marker for the regressive or progressive course in CIN2 lesions. These findings emphasize the significant role of PGE2 signalling in CIN and could help to identify targets for future therapies.
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15
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Tsuge K, Inazumi T, Shimamoto A, Sugimoto Y. Molecular mechanisms underlying prostaglandin E2-exacerbated inflammation and immune diseases. Int Immunol 2020; 31:597-606. [PMID: 30926983 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are the major lipid mediators in animals and which are biosynthesized from arachidonic acid by the cyclooxygenases (COX-1 or COX-2) as the rate-limiting enzymes. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is the most abundantly detected PG in various tissues, exerts versatile physiological and pathological actions via four receptor subtypes (EP1-4). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin and indomethacin, exert potent anti-inflammatory actions by the inhibition of COX activity and the resulting suppression of PG production. Therefore, PGE2 has been shown to exacerbate several inflammatory responses and immune diseases. Recently, studies using mice deficient in each PG receptor subtype have clarified the detailed mechanisms underlying PGE2-associated inflammation and autoimmune diseases involving each EP receptor. Here, we review the recent advances in our understanding of the roles of PGE2 receptors in the progression of acute and chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. PGE2 induces acute inflammation through mast cell activation via the EP3 receptor. PGE2 also induces chronic inflammation and various autoimmune diseases through T helper 1 (Th1)-cell differentiation, Th17-cell proliferation and IL-22 production from Th22 cells via the EP2 and EP4 receptors. The possibility of EP receptor-targeted drug development for the treatment of immune diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoshiro Tsuge
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Inazumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shimamoto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Watanabe Y, Imanishi Y, Ozawa H, Sakamoto K, Fujii R, Shigetomi S, Habu N, Otsuka K, Sato Y, Sekimizu M, Ito F, Ikari Y, Saito S, Kameyama K, Ogawa K. Selective EP2 and Cox-2 inhibition suppresses cell migration by reversing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and Cox-2 overexpression and E-cadherin downregulation are implicated in neck metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1096-1113. [PMID: 32269737 PMCID: PMC7137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) has been shown to promote cancer initiation and progression through pleiotropic functions including induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via its predominant product prostaglandin E2 that binds to the cognate receptor EP2. Hence, pharmacological inhibition at the level of EP2 is assumed to be a more selective alternative with less risk to Cox-2 inhibition. However, little is known regarding the anti-cancer effect of an EP2 antagonist on the malignant properties of cancers including hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC). The present study found that both the Cox-2 inhibitor celecoxib and the EP2 antagonist PF-04418948 upregulated CDH-1 expression, restored membranous localization of E-cadherin, and reduced vimentin expression, by downregulating the transcriptional repressors of E-cadherin in BICR6 and FaDu cells. Such Cox-2 or EP2 inhibition-induced EMT reversal led to repressed migration ability in both cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of surgical HPSCC specimens demonstrated an inverse relationship in expression between Cox-2 and E-cadherin both in the context of statistics (P = 0.028) and of reciprocal immunolocalization in situ. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that overexpression of Cox-2 (P < 0.001) and downregulation of E-cadherin (P = 0.016) were both independently predictive of neck metastasis. These results suggest that suppression of cell migration ability via reversing EMT by inhibiting the Cox-2/EP2 signaling may contribute to preventing the development and progression of lymphatic metastasis. Collectively, targeting Cox-2/EP2, especially using EP2 antagonist, can be a promising therapeutic strategy by exerting an anti-metastatic effect via EMT reversal for improving the treatment outcomes of patients with various cancers including HPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Watanabe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tokyo Saiseikai Central HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Yorihisa Imanishi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki HospitalKawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ozawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Sakamoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Saiseikai Utsunomiya HospitalUtsunomiya, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Fujii
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu HospitalYokohama, Japan
| | - Seiji Shigetomi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s HospitalYokohama, Japan
| | - Noboru Habu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kyosai Tachikawa HospitalTokyo, Japan
| | - Kuninori Otsuka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shin-Yurigaoka General HospitalKawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Sato
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki HospitalKawasaki, Japan
| | - Mariko Sekimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Ito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ikari
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Shin Saito
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kameyama
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Ogawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
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17
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Sun X, Li Q. Prostaglandin EP2 receptor: Novel therapeutic target for human cancers (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1203-1214. [PMID: 29956743 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor 2 subtype (EP2), which is a metabolite of arachidonic acid that binds with and regulates cellular responses to PGE2, is associated with numerous physiological and pathological events in a wide range of tissues. As a stimulatory G protein‑coupled receptor, PGE2‑induced EP2 activation can activate adenylate cyclase, leading to increased cytoplasmic cAMP levels and activation of protein kinase A. The EP2 receptor can also activate the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and β‑catenin pathways. The present study aimed to review the roles of the EP2 receptor in tumor development, including immunity, chronic inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis and multidrug resistance. Furthermore, the involvement of the EP2 receptor signaling pathway in cancer was discussed. Understanding the role and mechanisms of action of the EP2 receptor, and its importance in targeted therapy, may help identify novel methods to improve management of numerous types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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18
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Srivastava T, Dai H, Heruth DP, Alon US, Garola RE, Zhou J, Duncan RS, El-Meanawy A, McCarthy ET, Sharma R, Johnson ML, Savin VJ, Sharma M. Mechanotransduction signaling in podocytes from fluid flow shear stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F22-F34. [PMID: 28877882 PMCID: PMC5866353 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00325.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we and others have found that hyperfiltration-associated increase in biomechanical forces, namely, tensile stress and fluid flow shear stress (FFSS), can directly and distinctly alter podocyte structure and function. The ultrafiltrate flow over the major processes and cell body generates FFSS to podocytes. Our previous work suggests that the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-PGE2-PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2) axis plays an important role in mechanoperception of FFSS in podocytes. To address mechanotransduction of the perceived stimulus through EP2, cultured podocytes were exposed to FFSS (2 dyn/cm2) for 2 h. Total RNA from cells at the end of FFSS treatment, 2-h post-FFSS, and 24-h post-FFSS was used for whole exon array analysis. Differentially regulated genes ( P < 0.01) were analyzed using bioinformatics tools Enrichr and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to predict pathways/molecules. Candidate pathways were validated using Western blot analysis and then further confirmed to be resulting from a direct effect of PGE2 on podocytes. Results show that FFSS-induced mechanotransduction as well as exogenous PGE2 activate the Akt-GSK3β-β-catenin (Ser552) and MAPK/ERK but not the cAMP-PKA signal transduction cascades. These pathways are reportedly associated with FFSS-induced and EP2-mediated signaling in other epithelial cells as well. The current regimen for treating hyperfiltration-mediated injury largely depends on targeting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. The present study identifies specific transduction mechanisms and provides novel information on the direct effect of FFSS on podocytes. These results suggest that targeting EP2-mediated signaling pathways holds therapeutic significance for delaying progression of chronic kidney disease secondary to hyperfiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Hongying Dai
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel P Heruth
- Department of Experimental and Translational Genetics Research, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Uri S Alon
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Robert E Garola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - R Scott Duncan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Ashraf El-Meanawy
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ellen T McCarthy
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ram Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Mark L Johnson
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri at Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Virginia J Savin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Kansas City, Missouri
- Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, Kansas
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19
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Peterson YK, Luttrell LM. The Diverse Roles of Arrestin Scaffolds in G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2017. [PMID: 28626043 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual/β-arrestins, a small family of proteins originally described for their role in the desensitization and intracellular trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), have emerged as key regulators of multiple signaling pathways. Evolutionarily related to a larger group of regulatory scaffolds that share a common arrestin fold, the visual/β-arrestins acquired the capacity to detect and bind activated GPCRs on the plasma membrane, which enables them to control GPCR desensitization, internalization, and intracellular trafficking. By acting as scaffolds that bind key pathway intermediates, visual/β-arrestins both influence the tonic level of pathway activity in cells and, in some cases, serve as ligand-regulated scaffolds for GPCR-mediated signaling. Growing evidence supports the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of arrestins and underscores their potential as therapeutic targets. Circumventing arrestin-dependent GPCR desensitization may alleviate the problem of tachyphylaxis to drugs that target GPCRs, and find application in the management of chronic pain, asthma, and psychiatric illness. As signaling scaffolds, arrestins are also central regulators of pathways controlling cell growth, migration, and survival, suggesting that manipulating their scaffolding functions may be beneficial in inflammatory diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. In this review we examine the structure-function relationships that enable arrestins to perform their diverse roles, addressing arrestin structure at the molecular level, the relationship between arrestin conformation and function, and sites of interaction between arrestins, GPCRs, and nonreceptor-binding partners. We conclude with a discussion of arrestins as therapeutic targets and the settings in which manipulating arrestin function might be of clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri K Peterson
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Y.K.P.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (Y.K.P.), and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (L.M.L.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
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20
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GPCRs and EGFR – Cross-talk of membrane receptors in cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3611-3620. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Luttrell LM, Maudsley S, Gesty-Palmer D. Translating in vitro ligand bias into in vivo efficacy. Cell Signal 2017; 41:46-55. [PMID: 28495495 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly apparent that ligand structure influences both the efficiency with which G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) engage their downstream effectors and the manner in which they are activated. Thus, 'biased' agonists, synthetic ligands whose intrinsic efficacy differs from the native ligand, afford a strategy for manipulating GPCR signaling in ways that promote beneficial signals while blocking potentially deleterious ones. Still, there are significant challenges in relating in vitro ligand efficacy, which is typically measured in heterologous expression systems, to the biological response in vivo, where the ligand is acting on natively expressed receptors and in the presence of the endogenous ligand. This is particularly true of arrestin pathway-selective 'biased' agonists. The type 1 parathyroid hormone receptor (PTH1R) is a case in point. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the principal physiological regulator of calcium homeostasis, and PTH1R expressed on cells of the osteoblast lineage are an established therapeutic target in osteoporosis. In vitro, PTH1R signaling is highly sensitive to ligand structure, and PTH analogs that affect the selectivity/kinetics of G protein coupling or that engage arrestin-dependent signaling mechanisms without activating heterotrimeric G proteins have been identified. In vivo, intermittent administration of conventional PTH analogs accelerates the rate of osteoblastic bone formation, largely through known cAMP-dependent mechanisms. Paradoxically, both intermittent and continuous administration of an arrestin pathway-selective PTH analog, which in vivo would be expected to antagonize endogenous PTH1R-cAMP signaling, also increases bone mass. Transcriptomic analysis of tissue from treated animals suggests that conventional and arrestin pathway-selective PTH1R ligands act in largely different ways, with the latter principally affecting pathways involved in the regulation of cell cycle, survival, and migration/cytoskeletal dynamics. Such multi-dimensional in vitro and in vivo analyses of ligand bias may provide insights into the physiological roles of non-canonical arrestin-mediated signaling pathways in vivo, and provide a conceptual framework for translating arrestin pathway-selective ligands into viable therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Research Service of the Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA.
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics-Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diane Gesty-Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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22
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β-arrestin 1 Overexpression Increases Temozolomide Resistance in Human Malignant Glioma Cells. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2017; 43:112-119. [PMID: 30595865 PMCID: PMC6284176 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.43.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many studies highlighted β-arrestins (β-arr) as essential proteins behind the regulation of major cell signaling pathways in different types of cancer. An impaired β-arrestin 1 (β-arr 1) activation/phosphorylation was suggested to be associated with a high malignant phenotype of glioma. Elevated levels of β-arrestin 2 (β-arr 2) mRNA were also found in advanced stages of breast cancer compared to early stages. In addition, β2-arrestin was also linked to a suppressive effect on tumor growth in other types of cancers such as prostate or non-small cell lung cancer. In this study, we analyzed the effect of β-arr 1 overexpression on the cytotoxic effect of Temozolomide (TMZ) in two malignant glioma (MG) cell lines: U-343MGa and Cl2:6. For this purpose, the cells were transected with β-arr 1 and then treated with different concentrations of TMZ for 24, 48 and 72 hours. At the end of the treatment, the cell viability was analyzed by Prestoblue viability assay. Our results showed that TMZ treatment induced cytotoxicity in MG cells while β-arr 1 transfection significantly reduced the TMZ cytotoxic effect in both U-343MGa and Cl2:6 MG cell lines. These results suggest that β-arr 1 overexpression may be a cause of TMZ resistance in MG.
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23
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Nagano T, Nishiyama R, Sanada A, Mutaguchi Y, Ioku A, Umeki H, Kishimoto S, Yamanaka D, Kimura SH, Takemura M. Prostaglandin E 2 potentiates interferon-γ-induced nitric oxide production in cultured rat microglia. J Neurochem 2017; 140:605-612. [PMID: 27973680 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) plays crucial roles in managing microglial activation through the prostanoid EP2 receptor, a PGE2 receptor subtype. In this study, we report that PGE2 enhances interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced nitric oxide production in microglia. IFN-γ increased the release of nitrite, a metabolite of nitric oxide, which was augmented by PGE2 , although PGE2 by itself slightly affects nitrite release. The potentiating effect of PGE2 was positively associated with increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. In contrast to nitrite release induced by IFN-γ, lipopolysaccharide-induced nitrite release was not affected by PGE2 . An EP2 agonist, ONO-AE1-259-01 also augmented IFN-γ-induced nitrite release, while an EP1 agonist, ONO-DI-004, an EP3 agonist, ONO-AE-248, or an EP4 agonist, ONO-AE1-329, did not. In addition, the potentiating effect of PGE2 was inhibited by an EP2 antagonist, PF-04418948, but not by an EP1 antagonist, ONO-8713, an EP3 antagonist, ONO-AE3-240, or an EP4 antagonist, ONO-AE3-208, at 10-6 M. Among the EP agonists, ONO-AE1-259-01 alone was able to accumulate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and among the EP antagonists, PF-04418948 was the only one able to inhibit PGE2 -increased intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation. On the other hand, IFN-γ promoted phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, which was not affected by PGE2 . Furthermore, other prostanoid receptor agonists, PGD2 , PGF2α , iloprost, and U-46119, slightly affected IFN-γ-induced nitrite release. These results indicate that PGE2 potentiates IFN-γ-induced nitric oxide production in microglia through the EP2 receptor, which may shed light on one of the pro-inflammatory aspects of PGE2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Nagano
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sanada
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Mutaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Anna Ioku
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Umeki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinya H Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Takemura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Lian S, Xia Y, Ung TT, Khoi PN, Yoon HJ, Lee SG, Kim KK, Jung YD. Prostaglandin E 2 stimulates urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor via EP2 receptor-dependent signaling pathways in human AGS gastric cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:664-680. [PMID: 27377703 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has been observed in human gastric cancers. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ), whose biosynthesis is catalyzed by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), is implicated in cancer metastasis; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of PGE2 -driven uPAR expression are yet to be elucidated in human gastric cancer AGS cells. In this study, we showed that PGE2 induces uPAR expression in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, using antagonists and siRNA, we found that among the four subtypes of PGE2 receptors, EP2 receptors are involved in PGE2 -induced uPAR expression. PGE2 induced the activation of Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk), and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Specific inhibitor and mutagenesis studies showed that Src, EGFR, JNK1/2, and Erk1/2 are involved in PGE2 -induced uPAR expression. PGE2 induces EP2-dependent phosphorylation of Src, while the activation of Src-dependent EGFR leads to the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and Erk1/2. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated the involvement of transcription factor activator protein (AP)-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in PGE2 -induced uPAR expression. EGFR-dependent MAPKs (JNK1/2 and Erk1/2) function as the upstream signaling molecules in the activation of AP-1 and NF-κB, respectively. AGS cells pre-treated with PGE2 showed remarkably enhanced invasiveness, which was partially abrogated by uPAR-neutralizing antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that PGE2 -induced uPAR expression, which stimulates invasiveness of human gastric cancer AGS cells, is mediated by the EP2 receptor-dependent Src/EGFR/JNK1/2, Erk1/2/AP-1, and Src/EGFR/JNK1/2, Erk1/2/NF-κB cascades. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lian
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Xia
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trong Thuan Ung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Ngoc Khoi
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Gyu Lee
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Keun Kim
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Do Jung
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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25
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Prostaglandin EP2 receptor signaling protects human trabecular meshwork cells from apoptosis induced by ER stress through down-regulation of p53. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2322-32. [PMID: 27321910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
E-prostanoid receptor subtype 2 (EP2) agonists are currently under clinical development as hypotensive agents for the treatment of ocular hypertension. However, the effects of EP2 receptor agonists on trabecular meshwork (TM) alterations leading to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are still unknown. Here, we evaluated whether EP2 receptor activation exhibits protective functions on TM cell death induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We show that the EP2 receptor agonist butaprost protects TM cell death mediated by the ER stress inducer tunicamycin through a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent mechanism, but independent of the classical cAMP sensors, protein kinase A and exchange proteins activated by cAMP. The ER stress-induced intrinsic apoptosis inhibited by the EP2 receptor agonist was correlated with a decreased accumulation of the cellular stress sensor p53. In addition, p53 down-regulation was associated with inhibition of its transcriptional activity, which led to decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). The stabilization of p53 by nutlin-3a abolished butaprost-mediated cell death protection. In conclusion, we showed that EP2 receptor activation protects against ER stress-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis through down-regulation of p53. The specific inhibition of this pathway could reduce TM alterations observed in POAG patients.
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26
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Ogawa S, Watanabe T, Moriyuki K, Goto Y, Yamane S, Watanabe A, Tsuboi K, Kinoshita A, Okada T, Takeda H, Tani K, Maruyama T. Structural optimization and structure–functional selectivity relationship studies of G protein-biased EP2 receptor agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2446-2449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Ogawa S, Watanabe T, Sugimoto I, Moriyuki K, Goto Y, Yamane S, Watanabe A, Tsuboi K, Kinoshita A, Kigoshi H, Tani K, Maruyama T. Discovery of G Protein-Biased EP2 Receptor Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:306-11. [PMID: 26985320 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify G protein-biased and highly subtype-selective EP2 receptor agonists, a series of bicyclic prostaglandin analogues were designed and synthesized. Structural hybridization of EP2/4 dual agonist 5 and prostacyclin analogue 6, followed by simplification of the ω chain enabled us to discover novel EP2 agonists with a unique prostacyclin-like scaffold. Further optimization of the ω chain was performed to improve EP2 agonist activity and subtype selectivity. Phenoxy derivative 18a showed potent agonist activity and excellent subtype selectivity. Furthermore, a series of compounds were identified as G protein-biased EP2 receptor agonists. These are the first examples of biased ligands of prostanoid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Ogawa
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hideo Kigoshi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
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28
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Maudsley S, Martin B, Janssens J, Etienne H, Jushaj A, van Gastel J, Willemsen A, Chen H, Gesty-Palmer D, Luttrell LM. Informatic deconvolution of biased GPCR signaling mechanisms from in vivo pharmacological experimentation. Methods 2016; 92:51-63. [PMID: 25986936 PMCID: PMC4646739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands possessing different physico-chemical structures productively interact with G protein-coupled receptors generating distinct downstream signaling events due to their abilities to activate/select idiosyncratic receptor entities ('receptorsomes') from the full spectrum of potential receptor partners. We have employed multiple novel informatic approaches to identify and characterize the in vivo transcriptomic signature of an arrestin-signaling biased ligand, [D-Trp(12),Tyr(34)]-bPTH(7-34), acting at the parathyroid hormone type 1 receptor (PTH1R), across six different murine tissues after chronic drug exposure. We are able to demonstrate that [D-Trp(12),Tyr(34)]-bPTH(7-34) elicits a distinctive arrestin-signaling focused transcriptomic response that is more coherently regulated, in an arrestin signaling-dependent manner, across more tissues than that of the pluripotent endogenous PTH1R ligand, hPTH(1-34). This arrestin-focused response signature is strongly linked with the transcriptional regulation of cell growth and development. Our informatic deconvolution of a conserved arrestin-dependent transcriptomic signature from wild type mice demonstrates a conceptual framework within which the in vivo outcomes of biased receptor signaling may be further investigated or predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jonathan Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Harmonie Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Areta Jushaj
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Institute Born Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ann Willemsen
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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29
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A potential role of PUFAs and COXIBs in cancer chemoprevention. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 120:97-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Luttrell LM, Maudsley S, Bohn LM. Fulfilling the Promise of "Biased" G Protein-Coupled Receptor Agonism. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:579-88. [PMID: 26134495 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fact that over 30% of current pharmaceuticals target heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) attests to their tractability as drug targets. Although GPCR drug development has traditionally focused on conventional agonists and antagonists, the growing appreciation that GPCRs mediate physiologically relevant effects via both G protein and non-G protein effectors has prompted the search for ligands that can "bias" downstream signaling in favor of one or the other process. Biased ligands are novel entities with distinct signaling profiles dictated by ligand structure, and the potential prospect of biased ligands as better drugs has been pleonastically proclaimed. Indeed, preclinical proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated that both G protein and arrestin pathway-selective ligands can promote beneficial effects in vivo while simultaneously antagonizing deleterious ones. But along with opportunity comes added complexity and new challenges for drug discovery. If ligands can be biased, then ligand classification becomes assay dependent, and more nuanced screening approaches are needed to capture ligand efficacy across several dimensions of signaling. Moreover, because the signaling repertoire of biased ligands differs from that of the native agonist, unpredicted responses may arise in vivo as these unbalanced signals propagate. For any given GPCR target, establishing a framework relating in vitro efficacy to in vivo biologic response is crucial to biased drug discovery. This review discusses approaches to describing ligand efficacy in vitro, translating ligand bias into biologic response, and developing a systems-level understanding of biased agonism in vivo, with the overall goal of overcoming current barriers to developing biased GPCR therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Luttrell
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics-Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium (S.M.); and Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (L.M.B.)
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics-Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium (S.M.); and Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (L.M.B.)
| | - Laura M Bohn
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, Laboratory of Neurogenetics-Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Belgium (S.M.); and Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida (L.M.B.)
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31
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Walther C, Ferguson SSG. Minireview: Role of intracellular scaffolding proteins in the regulation of endocrine G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:814-30. [PMID: 25942107 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of hormones stimulates and mediates their signal transduction via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The signal is transmitted into the cell due to the association of the GPCRs with heterotrimeric G proteins, which in turn activates an extensive array of signaling pathways to regulate cell physiology. However, GPCRs also function as scaffolds for the recruitment of a variety of cytoplasmic protein-interacting proteins that bind to both the intracellular face and protein interaction motifs encoded by GPCRs. The structural scaffolding of these proteins allows GPCRs to recruit large functional complexes that serve to modulate both G protein-dependent and -independent cellular signaling pathways and modulate GPCR intracellular trafficking. This review focuses on GPCR interacting PSD95-disc large-zona occludens domain containing scaffolds in the regulation of endocrine receptor signaling as well as their potential role as therapeutic targets for the treatment of endocrinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Walther
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology (C.W., S.S.G.F.), Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S.G.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8
| | - Stephen S G Ferguson
- J. Allyn Taylor Centre for Cell Biology (C.W., S.S.G.F.), Robarts Research Institute, and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (S.S.G.F.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5K8
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32
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Maudsley S, Martin B, Gesty-Palmer D, Cheung H, Johnson C, Patel S, Becker KG, Wood WH, Zhang Y, Lehrmann E, Luttrell LM. Delineation of a conserved arrestin-biased signaling repertoire in vivo. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:706-17. [PMID: 25637603 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biased G protein-coupled receptor agonists engender a restricted repertoire of downstream events from their cognate receptors, permitting them to produce mixed agonist-antagonist effects in vivo. While this opens the possibility of novel therapeutics, it complicates rational drug design, since the in vivo response to a biased agonist cannot be reliably predicted from its in cellula efficacy. We have employed novel informatic approaches to characterize the in vivo transcriptomic signature of the arrestin pathway-selective parathyroid hormone analog [d-Trp(12), Tyr(34)]bovine PTH(7-34) in six different murine tissues after chronic drug exposure. We find that [d-Trp(12), Tyr(34)]bovine PTH(7-34) elicits a distinctive arrestin-signaling focused transcriptomic response that is more coherently regulated across tissues than that of the pluripotent agonist, human PTH(1-34). This arrestin-focused network is closely associated with transcriptional control of cell growth and development. Our demonstration of a conserved arrestin-dependent transcriptomic signature suggests a framework within which the in vivo outcomes of arrestin-biased signaling may be generalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Maudsley
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Bronwen Martin
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Diane Gesty-Palmer
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Huey Cheung
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Calvin Johnson
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Shamit Patel
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Kevin G Becker
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - William H Wood
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland (S.M., B.M., S.P., K.G.B., W.H.W., Y.Z., E.L.); Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina (D.G.-P.); National Institutes of Health, Center for Information Technology, Bethesda, Maryland (H.C., C.J.); Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.); and Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina (L.M.L.)
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33
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Prostanoid receptors and acute inflammation in skin. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt A:78-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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34
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Sato K, Takaishi M, Tokuoka S, Sano S. Involvement of TNF-α converting enzyme in the development of psoriasis-like lesions in a mouse model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112408. [PMID: 25384035 PMCID: PMC4226544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-α plays a crucial role in psoriasis; therefore, TNF inhibition has become a gold standard for the treatment of psoriasis. TNF-α is processed from a membrane-bound form by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to soluble form, which exerts a number of biological activities. EGF receptor (EGFR) ligands, including heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), amphiregulin and transforming growth factor (TGF)-α are also TACE substrates and are psoriasis-associated growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the downstream molecules of EGFR and TNF signaling, plays a key role in angiogenesis for developing psoriasis. In the present study, to assess the possible role of TACE in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we investigated the involvement of TACE in TPA-induced psoriasis-like lesions in K5.Stat3C mice, which represent a mouse model of psoriasis. In this mouse model, TNF-α, amphiregulin, HB-EGF and TGF-α were significantly up-regulated in the skin lesions, similar to human psoriasis. Treatment of K5.Stat3C mice with TNF-α or EGFR inhibitors attenuated the skin lesions, suggesting the roles of TACE substrates in psoriasis. Furthermore, the skin lesions of K5.Stat3C mice showed down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3, an endogenous inhibitor of TACE, and an increase in soluble TNF-α. A TACE inhibitor abrogated EGFR ligand-dependent keratinocyte proliferation and VEGF production in vitro, suggesting that TACE was involved in both epidermal hyperplasia and angiogenesis during psoriasis development. These results strongly suggest that TACE contributes to the development of psoriatic lesions through releasing two kinds of psoriasis mediators, TNF-α and EGFR ligands. Therefore, TACE could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
- Pharmacology Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikiro Takaishi
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Shota Tokuoka
- Pharmacology Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Chu CH, Chen SH, Wang Q, Langenbach R, Li H, Zeldin D, Chen SL, Wang S, Gao H, Lu RB, Hong JS. PGE2 Inhibits IL-10 Production via EP2-Mediated β-Arrestin Signaling in Neuroinflammatory Condition. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:587-600. [PMID: 25218510 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms of the expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in brain inflammatory conditions remain elusive. To address this issue, we used multiple primary brain cell cultures to study the expression of IL-10 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-elicited inflammatory conditions. In neuron-glia cultures, LPS triggered well-orchestrated expression of various immune factors in the following order: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and lastly IL-10, and these inflammatory mediators were mainly produced from microglia. While exogenous application of individual earlier-released pro-inflammatory factors (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, or PGE2) failed to induce IL-10 expression, removal of LPS from the cultures showed the requirement of continuing presence of LPS for IL-10 expression. Interestingly, genetic disruption of tnf-α, its receptors tnf-r1/r2, and cox-2 and pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 activity enhanced LPS-induced IL-10 production in microglia, which suggests negative regulation of IL-10 induction by the earlier-released TNF-α and PGE2. Further studies showed that negative regulation of IL-10 production by TNF-α is mediated by PGE2. Mechanistic studies indicated that PGE2-elicited suppression of IL-10 induction was eliminated by genetic disruption of the PGE2 receptor EP2 and was mimicked by the specific agonist for the EP2, butaprost, but not agonists for the other three EP receptors. Inhibition of cAMP-dependent signal transduction failed to affect PGE2-mediated inhibition of IL-10 production, suggesting that a G protein-independent pathway was involved. Indeed, deficiency in β-arrestin-1 or β-arrestin-2 abolished PGE2-elicited suppression of IL-10 production. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that COX-2-derived PGE2 inhibits IL-10 expression in brain microglia through a novel EP2- and β-arrestin-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chu
- Neuropharmacology Section, National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
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Kawahara K, Hohjoh H, Inazumi T, Tsuchiya S, Sugimoto Y. Prostaglandin E2-induced inflammation: Relevance of prostaglandin E receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1851:414-21. [PMID: 25038274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the most typical lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid (AA) by cyclooxygenase (COX) as the rate-limiting enzyme, and acts on four kinds of receptor subtypes (EP1-EP4) to elicit its diverse actions including pyrexia, pain sensation, and inflammation. Recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the PGE2 actions mediated by each EP subtype have been elucidated by studies using mice deficient in each EP subtype as well as several compounds highly selective to each EP subtype, and their findings now enable us to discuss how PGE2 initiates and exacerbates inflammation at the molecular level. Here, we review the recent advances in PGE2 receptor research by focusing on the activation of mast cells via the EP3 receptor and the control of helper T cells via the EP2/4 receptor, which are the molecular mechanisms involved in PGE2-induced inflammation that had been unknown for many years. We also discuss the roles of PGE2 in acute inflammation and inflammatory disorders, and the usefulness of anti-inflammatory therapies that target EP receptors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Inazumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan.
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Cheng SY, Zhang H, Zhang M, Xia SK, Bai XM, Zhang L, Ma J, Rong R, Wang YP, Du MZ, Wang J, Chen M, Shi F, Yang QY, Leng J. Prostaglandin E₂ receptor EP2 mediates Snail expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2099-106. [PMID: 24626807 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to influence cell invasion and metastasis in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). however, the molecular mechanisms underlying it remain to be further elucidated. Snail, as one of key inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays pivotal roles in HCC invasion and metastasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible signaling pathways through which PGE2 regulates Snail protein expression in HCC cell lines. PGE2 markedly enhanced Huh-7 cell invasion and migration ability by upregulating the expression level of Snail protein, and EP2 receptor played an important role in this process. Src, EGFR, Akt and mTOR were all activated and involved in the regulation of snail protein expression. Our findings suggest that PGE2 could upregulate the expression level of Snail protein through the EP2/Src/EGFR/Akt/mTOR pathway in Huh-7 cells, which promotes HCC cell invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yu Cheng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Kai Xia
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Bai
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Ma
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Rong Rong
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Pin Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhan Du
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shi
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Yi Yang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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β-arrestin 2 inhibits proinflammatory chemokine production and attenuates contact allergic inflammation in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2131-2137. [PMID: 24577407 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-Arrestins participate in G-protein receptor signaling and act as adapter proteins that direct the recruitment, activation, and scaffolding of various cytoplasmic signaling complexes. β-Arrestin 2-deficient (Arrb2(-/-)) mice show decreased T-cell recruitment into allergic lung tissue but increased neutrophil infiltration into wounded skin. Given these opposing effects in different immune cell subsets, we investigated the role of β-arrestin 2 in the regulation of contact hypersensitivity responses. We observed significantly increased allergic ear swelling to the obligate contact sensitizers DNFB and FITC in Arrb2(-/-) compared with wild-type mice. Immunohistological analyses revealed strikingly increased neutrophil infiltration with abundant subcorneal pustules in inflamed ear tissue of DNFB-allergic Arrb2(-/-) mice. Experiments involving adoptive transfers of sensitized lymphocytes and bone marrow chimeric mice indicated that β-arrestin 2 exerts its anti-inflammatory effects predominantly through radioresistant, skin-resident cells in the challenge phase of contact hypersensitivity. As a potential mechanism, we found that primary cultures of β-arrestin 2-deficient keratinocytes secreted higher levels of neutrophil-attracting chemokines including CXCL1/KC in response to T cell-derived cytokines in vitro. These experimental results support a model in which β-arrestin 2 inhibits the production of proinflammatory chemokines, which limits the recruitment of myeloid immune cells and thereby attenuates allergic skin inflammation.
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Prostaglandin E2 Promotes UV radiation-induced immune suppression through DNA hypermethylation. Neoplasia 2014; 15:795-804. [PMID: 23814491 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of mice to UV radiation results in suppression of the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response. Here, we report that the UV-induced suppression of CHS is associated with increases in the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and PGE2 receptors in the exposed skin. UV radiation-induced suppression of CHS was inhibited by topical treatment of the skin with celecoxib or indomethacin (inhibitors of COX-2) or AH6809 (an EP2 antagonist). Moreover, mice deficient in COX-2 were found to be resistant to UV-induced suppression of CHS. The exposure of wild-typemice to UVB radiation resulted in DNA hypermethylation, increased DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) activity, and elevated levels of Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b proteins in the skin, and these responses were downregulated on topical treatment of the site of exposure after irradiation with indomethacin or EP2 antagonist. Topical treatment of UVB-exposed COX-2-deficient mice with PGE2 enhanced the UVB-induced suppression of CHS as well as global DNA methylation and elevated the levels of Dnmt activity and Dnmt proteins in the skin. Intraperitoneal injection of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc), a DNA demethylating agent, restored the CHS response to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene in UVB-exposed skin and this was associated with the reduction in global DNA methylation and Dnmt activity and reduced levels of Dnmt proteins. Furthermore, treatment with 5-Aza-dc reversed the effect of PGE2 on UV-induced suppression of CHS in COX-2-deficient mice. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for PGE2 in the promotion of UVB-induced immunosuppression and indicate that it is mediated through PGE2 regulation of DNA methylation.
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PRASAD RAM, KATIYAR SANTOSHK. Ultraviolet radiation-induced inflammation activates β-catenin signaling in mouse skin and skin tumors. Int J Oncol 2014; 44:1199-206. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
Non-visual arrestins were initially appreciated for the roles they play in the negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptors through the processes of desensitisation and endocytosis. The arrestins are also now known as protein scaffolding platforms that act downstream of multiple types of receptors, ensuring relevant transmission of information for an appropriate cellular response. They function as regulatory hubs in several important signalling pathways that are often dysregulated in human cancers. Interestingly, several recent studies have documented changes in expression and localisation of arrestins that occur during cancer progression and that correlate with clinical outcome. Here, we discuss these advances and how changes in expression/localisation may affect functional outputs of arrestins in cancer biology.
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Abstract
The four members of the mammalian arrestin family, two visual and two nonvisual, share the property of stimulus-dependent docking to G protein-coupled receptors. This conformational selectivity permits them to function in receptor desensitization, as arrestin binding sterically inhibits G protein coupling. The two nonvisual arrestins further act as adapter proteins, linking receptors to the clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery and regulating receptor sequestration, intracellular trafficking, recycling, and degradation. Arrestins also function as ligand-regulated scaffolds, recruiting catalytically active proteins into receptor-based multiprotein "signalsome" complexes. Arrestin binding thus marks the transition from a transient G protein-coupled state on the plasma membrane to a persistent arrestin-coupled state that continues to signal as the receptor internalizes. Two of the earliest discovered and most studied arrestin-dependent signaling pathways involve regulation of Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and the ERK1/2 mitogen-activated kinase cascade. In each case, arrestin scaffolding imposes constraints on kinase activity that dictate signal duration and substrate specificity. Evidence suggests that arrestin-bound ERK1/2 and Src not only play regulatory roles in receptor desensitization and trafficking but also mediate longer term effects on cell growth, migration, proliferation, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik G Strungs
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Abstract
Cycoloxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction is prevalent in a variety of (brain and peripheral) injury models where COX-2 levels correlate with disease progression. Thus, COX-2 has been widely explored for anti-inflammatory therapy with COX-2 inhibitors, which proved to be effective in reducing the pain and inflammation in patients with arthritis and menstrual cramps, but they have not provided any benefit to patients with chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease. Recently, two COX-2 drugs, rofecoxib and valdecoxib, were withdrawn from the United States market due to cardiovascular side effects. Thus, future anti-inflammatory therapy could be targeted through a specific prostanoid receptor downstream of COX-2. The PGE2 receptor EP2 is emerging as a pro-inflammatory target in a variety of CNS and peripheral diseases. Here we highlight the latest developments on the role of EP2 in diseases, mechanism of activation, and small molecule discovery targeted either to enhance or to block the function of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine , 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322, United States
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Woo SM, Min KJ, Chae IG, Chun KS, Kwon TK. Silymarin suppresses the PGE2-induced cell migration through inhibition of EP2 activation; G protein-dependent PKA-CREB and G protein-independent Src-STAT3 signal pathways. Mol Carcinog 2013; 54:216-28. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
| | - In Gyeong Chae
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Keimyung University; Daegu South Korea
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Jiang J, Dingledine R. Prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the crosshairs of anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and neuroprotection. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:413-23. [PMID: 23796953 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of a specific prostanoid synthase or receptor provides therapeutic alternatives to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating pathological conditions governed by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2 or PTGS2). Among the COX-2 downstream signaling pathways, the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor EP2 subtype (PTGER2) is emerging as a crucial mediator of many physiological and pathological events. Genetic ablation strategies and recent advances in chemical biology provide tools for a better understanding of EP2 signaling. In the brain, the EP2 receptor modulates some beneficial effects, including neuroprotection, in acute models of excitotoxicity, neuroplasticity, and spatial learning via cAMP-PKA signaling. Conversely, EP2 activation accentuates chronic inflammation mainly through the cAMP-Epac pathway, likely contributing to delayed neurotoxicity. EP2 receptor activation also engages β-arrestin in a G-protein-independent pathway that promotes tumor cell growth and migration. Understanding the conditions under which multiple EP2 signaling pathways are engaged might suggest novel therapeutic strategies to target this key inflammatory prostaglandin receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Trivedi DB, Loftin CD, Clark J, Myers P, DeGraff LM, Cheng J, Zeldin DC, Langenbach R. β-Arrestin-2 deficiency attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice. Circ Res 2013; 112:1219-29. [PMID: 23524589 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.280399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a chronic inflammatory vascular disease for which pharmacological treatments are not available. A mouse model of AAA formation involves chronic infusion of angiotensin II (AngII), and previous studies indicated a primary role for the AngII type 1a receptor in AAA formation. β-arrestin (βarr)-2 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that binds G-protein-coupled receptors such as AngII type 1a and regulates numerous signaling pathways and pathophysiological processes. However, a role for βarr2 in AngII-induced AAA formation is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine whether βarr2 played a role in AngII-induced AAA formation in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Treatment of βarr2(+/+) and βarr2(-/-) mice on the hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE(-/-)) background or on normolipidemic C57BL/6 background with AngII for 28 days indicated that βarr2 deficiency significantly attenuated AAA formation. βarr2 deficiency attenuated AngII-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α, and macrophage infiltration. AngII also increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(+/+) aortas, whereas βarr2 deficiency diminished this increase. Furthermore, inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 activation with CI1040 (100 mg/kg per day) reduced the level of AngII-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(+/+) mice to the level observed in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(-/-) mice. AngII treatment also increased matrix metalloproteinase expression and disruption of the elastic layer in apoE(-/-)/βarr2(+/+) aortas, and βarr2 deficiency reduced these effects. CONCLUSIONS βarr2 contributes to AngII-induced AAA formation in mice by phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 induction and increased inflammation. These studies suggest that for the AngII type 1a receptor, G-protein-independent, βarr2-dependent signaling plays a major role in AngII-induced AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshini B Trivedi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Comparative Medicine Branch, and Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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DeCicco-Skinner KL, Nolan SJ, Deshpande MM, Trovato EL, Dempsey TA, Wiest JS. Altered prostanoid signaling contributes to increased skin tumorigenesis in Tpl2 knockout mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56212. [PMID: 23457529 PMCID: PMC3574127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common form of skin cancer with the incidence expected to double over the next 20 years. Inflammation is believed to be a critical component in skin cancer progression. Therefore, understanding genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory pathways is vital to the design of targeted therapies. Numerous studies show cyclooxygenases (COXs) play an essential role in inflammation-associated cancers. Tpl2 (MAP3K8) is a protein kinase in the MAP Kinase signal transduction cascade. Previous research using a two-stage skin carcinogenesis model revealed that Tpl2−/− mice have significantly higher tumor incidence and inflammatory response than wild-type (WT) controls. The current study investigates whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and COX-2- regulated prostaglandins and prostaglandin receptors drive the highly tumorigenic state of Tpl2−/− mice by investigating the relationship between Tpl2 and COX-2. Keratinocytes from newborn WT or Tpl2−/− mice were treated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for various times over 24 hours. Western analysis revealed significant differences in COX-2 and COX-2 dependent prostanoids and prostanoid receptors. Additionally, in vivo experiments confirmed that COX-2 and COX-2 downstream factors were elevated in TPA-treated Tpl2−/− skin, as well as in papillomas from Tpl2−/− mice. Use of the selective COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib showed the increased tumorigenesis in the Tpl2−/− mice to primarily be mediated through COX-2. These experiments illustrate COX-2 induction in the absence of Tpl2 may be responsible for the increased tumorigenesis found in Tpl2−/− mice. Defining the relationship between Tpl2 and COX-2 may lead to new ways to downregulate COX-2 through the modulation of Tpl2.
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Luttrell LM. Arrestin Pathways as Drug Targets. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 118:469-97. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394440-5.00018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Rosanò L, Cianfrocca R, Tocci P, Spinella F, Di Castro V, Spadaro F, Salvati E, Biroccio AM, Natali PG, Bagnato A. β-arrestin-1 is a nuclear transcriptional regulator of endothelin-1-induced β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Jiang J, Dingledine R. Role of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in the regulations of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012. [PMID: 23192657 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.200444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Population studies, preclinical, and clinical trials suggest a role for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2, PTGS2) in tumor formation and progression. The downstream prostanoid receptor signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis are poorly understood, although prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), a major COX-2 metabolite which is usually upregulated in the involved tissues, presumably plays important roles in tumor biology. Taking advantage of our recently identified novel selective antagonist for the EP2 (PTGER2) subtype of PGE(2) receptor, we demonstrated that EP2 receptor activation could promote prostate cancer cell growth and invasion in vitro, accompanied by upregulation of the tumor-promoting inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-6. Our results suggest the involvement of prostaglandin receptor EP2 in cancer cell proliferation and invasion possibly via its inflammatory actions, and indicate that selective blockade of the PGE(2)-EP2 signaling pathway via small molecule antagonists might represent a novel therapy for tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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