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Moreau M, Simms L, Andersen ME, Trelles Sticken E, Wieczorek R, Pour SJ, Chapman F, Roewer K, Otte S, Fisher J, Stevenson M. Use of quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) for the assessment of non-combustible next-generation product aerosols. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2024; 6:1373325. [PMID: 38665213 PMCID: PMC11043521 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2024.1373325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the use of in vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) for the assessment of non-combustible next-generation nicotine delivery products, new extrapolation methods will also be required to interpret and contextualize the physiological relevance of these results. Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) can translate in vitro concentrations into in-life exposures with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling and provide estimates of the likelihood of harmful effects from expected exposures. A major challenge for evaluating inhalation toxicology is an accurate assessment of the delivered dose to the surface of the cells and the internalized dose. To estimate this, we ran the multiple-path particle dosimetry (MPPD) model to characterize particle deposition in the respiratory tract and developed a PBPK model for nicotine that was validated with human clinical trial data for cigarettes. Finally, we estimated a Human Equivalent Concentration (HEC) and predicted plasma concentrations based on the minimum effective concentration (MEC) derived after acute exposure of BEAS-2B cells to cigarette smoke (1R6F), or heated tobacco product (HTP) aerosol at the air liquid interface (ALI). The MPPD-PBPK model predicted the in vivo data from clinical studies within a factor of two, indicating good agreement as noted by WHO International Programme on Chemical Safety (2010) guidance. We then used QIVIVE to derive the exposure concentration (HEC) that matched the estimated in vitro deposition point of departure (POD) (MEC cigarette = 0.38 puffs or 11.6 µg nicotine, HTP = 22.9 puffs or 125.6 µg nicotine) and subsequently derived the equivalent human plasma concentrations. Results indicate that for the 1R6F cigarette, inhaling 1/6th of a stick would be required to induce the same effects observed in vitro, in vivo. Whereas, for HTP it would be necessary to consume 3 sticks simultaneously to induce in vivo the effects observed in vitro. This data further demonstrates the reduced physiological potency potential of HTP aerosol compared to cigarette smoke. The QIVIVE approach demonstrates great promise in assisting human health risk assessments, however, further optimization and standardization are required for the substantiation of a meaningful contribution to tobacco harm reduction by alternative nicotine delivery products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam Simms
- Imperial Brands PLC, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Roman Wieczorek
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Jean Pour
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Karin Roewer
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Otte
- Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, An Imperial Brands PLC Company, Hamburg, Germany
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Liu Y, Lu L, Yang H, Wu X, Luo X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Cho CH, Li Q, Li X, Li W, Wang F, Sun Y, Gu L, Chen M, Li M. Dysregulation of immunity by cigarette smoking promotes inflammation and cancer: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122730. [PMID: 37838314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a serious global health issue. Cigarette smoking contains over 7000 different chemicals. The main harmful components include nicotine, acrolein, aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which play the key role for cigarette-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. Growing evidences show that cigarette smoking and its components exert a remarkable impact on regulation of immunity and dysregulated immunity promotes inflammation and cancer. Therefore, this comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including cigarette smoking, inflammation, cancer and immune system. The known harmful chemicals from cigarette smoking were summarized. Importantly, we discussed in depth the impact of cigarette smoking on the formation of inflammatory or tumor microenvironment, primarily by affecting immune effector cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the main molecular mechanisms by which cigarette smoking induces inflammation and cancer, including changes in epigenetics, DNA damage and others were further summarized. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of cigarette smoking on inducing inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Lei Y, Zhu Y, Mallah MA, Lu P, Yang L, He X, Shang P, Chen Y, Zhou X, Feng F, Zhang Q. The activation of SIRT1 ameliorates BPDE-induced inflammatory damage in BEAS-2B cells via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2429-2439. [PMID: 37436145 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE), the metabolite of environmental pollutant benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) could induce pulmonary toxicity and inflammation. SIRT1, an NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylase, is known to regulate inflammation in the occurrence and development of various diseases, but its effects on BPDE-induced acute lung injury are still unknown. The present study aimed to explore the role of SIRT1 in BPDE-induced acute lung injury. Here, human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells (BEAS-2B) cells were stimulated with BPDE at different concentrations (0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 μmol/L) for 24 h, we found that the levels of cytokines in the supernatant were increased and the expression of SIRT1 in cells was down-regulated, at the same time, BPDE stimulation up-regulated the protein expression of HMGB1, TLR4, and p-NF-κBp65 in BEAS-2B cells. Then the activator and inhibitor of SIRT1 were used before BPDE exposure, it was shown that the activation of SIRT1 significantly attenuated the levels of inflammatory cytokines and HMGB1, and reduced the expression of HMGB1, AC-HMGB1, TLR4, and p-NF-κBp65 protein; while these results were reversed by the inhibition of SIRT1. This study revealed that the SIRT1 activation may protect against BPDE-induced inflammatory damage in BEAS-2B cells by regulating the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Lei
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manthar Ali Mallah
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yusong Chen
- Quality Supervision & Test Center, China National Tobacco Corporation Shandong Branch, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhengzhou University School of Public Health, Zhengzhou, China
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Kohno R, Nagata Y, Ishihara T, Amma C, Inomata Y, Seto T, Suzuki R. Benzo[ a]pyrene induces NLRP1 expression and promotes prolonged inflammasome signaling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154857. [PMID: 37215119 PMCID: PMC10192748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in the air, triggers pulmonary inflammation. This study focused on BaP-induced inflammation in the alveolar epithelium. A549 cells were stimulated with BaP for four days. BaP treatment markedly increased NLRP1 expression but slightly decreased NLRP3. Furthermore, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) knockdown displayed no increase in BaP-induced NLRP1 expression. Similar results were also observed by blocking reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is mediated through AhR, suggesting that the AhR-ROS axis operates in BaP-induced NLRP1 expression. p53 involvement in ROS-mediated NLRP1 induction has also been implied. When we confirmed inflammasome activation in cells treated with BaP for four days, while BaP transiently activated NLRP3, it predominantly activated the NLRP1 inflammasome. These findings have led to the conclusion that BaP could be a potential ligand for the NLRP1 inflammasome persistently observed in the lung epithelium. Our study may provide additional evidence for the sustained pulmonary inflammation caused by environmental air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Kohno
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagata
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishihara
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chisato Amma
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yayoi Inomata
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Seto
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Liu Y, Ouyang L, Mao C, Chen Y, Liu N, Chen L, Shi Y, Xiao D, Liu S, Tao Y. Inhibition of RNF182 mediated by Bap promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1009508. [PMID: 36686776 PMCID: PMC9853554 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ubiquitylation that mediated by ubiquitin ligases plays multiple roles not only in proteasome-mediated protein degradation but also in various cellular process including DNA repair, signal transduction and endocytosis. RING finger (RNF) proteins form the majority of these ubiquitin ligases. Recent studies have demonstrated the important roles of RNF finger proteins in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is one of the most common environmental carcinogens causing lung cancer. The molecular mechanism of Bap carcinogenesis remains elusive. Considering the critical roles of RNF proteins in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, we speculate on whether Bap regulates RNF proteins resulting in carcinogenesis. Methods We used GEO analysis to identify the potential RING finger protein family member that contributes to Bap-induced NSCLC. We next used RT-qPCR, Western blot and ChIP assay to investigate the potential mechanism of Bap inhibits RNF182. BGS analyses were used to analyze the methylation level of RNF182. Results Here we reported that the carcinogen Bap suppresses the expression of ring finger protein 182 (RNF182) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, which is mediated by abnormal hypermethylation in an AhR independent way and transcriptional regulation in an AhR dependent way. Furthermore, RNF182 exhibits low expression and hypermethylation in tumor tissues. RNF182 also significantly suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest in NSCLC cell lines. Conclusion These results demonstrated that Bap inhibits RNF182 expression to promote lung cancer tumorigenesis through activating AhR and promoting abnormal methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Postdoctoral Research Station of Clinical Medicine & Department of Hematology and Critical Care Medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianlian Ouyang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Mao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanbing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Desheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research, Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Shuang Liu, ; Yongguang Tao,
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Hunan, Changsha, China,National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy in Lung Cancer, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,*Correspondence: Shuang Liu, ; Yongguang Tao,
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Katabami M, Kinoshita I, Ariga S, Shimizu Y, Dosaka-Akita H. Crystalline silica-exposed human lung epithelial cells presented enhanced anchorage-independent growth with upregulated expression of BRD4 and EZH2 in autocrine and paracrine manners. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285354. [PMID: 37146018 PMCID: PMC10162546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystalline silica-induced inflammation possibly facilitates carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated its effect on lung epithelium damage. We prepared conditioned media of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines (hereinafter bronchial cell lines) NL20, BEAS-2B, and 16HBE14o- pre-exposed to crystalline silica (autocrine crystalline silica conditioned medium), a phorbol myristate acetate-differentiated THP-1 macrophage line, and VA13 fibroblast line pre-exposed to crystalline silica (paracrine crystalline silica conditioned medium). As cigarette smoking imposes a combined effect on crystalline silica-induced carcinogenesis, a conditioned medium was also prepared using the tobacco carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide. Crystalline silica-exposed and growth-suppressed bronchial cell lines exhibited enhanced anchorage-independent growth in autocrine crystalline silica and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide conditioned medium compared with that in unexposed control conditioned medium. Crystalline silica-exposed nonadherent bronchial cell lines in autocrine crystalline silica and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide conditioned medium showed increased expression of cyclin A2, cdc2, and c-Myc, and of epigenetic regulators and enhancers, BRD4 and EZH2. Paracrine crystalline silica and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide conditioned medium also accelerated the growth of crystalline silica-exposed nonadherent bronchial cell lines. Culture supernatants of nonadherent NL20 and BEAS-2B in crystalline silica and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide conditioned medium had higher EGF concentrations, whereas those of nonadherent 16HBE14o- had higher TNF-α levels. Recombinant human EGF and TNF-α promoted anchorage-independent growth in all lines. Treatment with EGF and TNF-α neutralizing antibodies inhibited cell growth in crystalline silica conditioned medium. Recombinant human TNF-α induced BRD4 and EZH2 expression in nonadherent 16HBE14o-. The expression of γH2AX occasionally increased despite PARP1 upregulation in crystalline silica-exposed nonadherent lines with crystalline silica and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide conditioned medium. Collectively, crystalline silica- and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-induced inflammatory microenvironments comprising upregulated EGF or TNF-α expression may promote crystalline silica-damaged nonadherent bronchial cell proliferation and oncogenic protein expression despite occasional γH2AX upregulation. Thus, carcinogenesis may be cooperatively aggravated by crystalline silica-induced inflammation and genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Katabami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kinoshita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shin Ariga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shimizu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Dosaka-Akita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Caipa Garcia AL, Kucab JE, Al-Serori H, Beck RSS, Fischer F, Hufnagel M, Hartwig A, Floeder A, Balbo S, Francies H, Garnett M, Huch M, Drost J, Zilbauer M, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. Metabolic Activation of Benzo[ a]pyrene by Human Tissue Organoid Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010606. [PMID: 36614051 PMCID: PMC9820386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3D cultures that to some extent reproduce the structure, composition and function of the mammalian tissues from which they derive, thereby creating in vitro systems with more in vivo-like characteristics than 2D monocultures. Here, the ability of human organoids derived from normal gastric, pancreas, liver, colon and kidney tissues to metabolise the environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was investigated. While organoids from the different tissues showed varied cytotoxic responses to BaP, with gastric and colon organoids being the most susceptible, the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme (XME) genes, CYP1A1 and NQO1, were highly upregulated in all organoid types, with kidney organoids having the highest levels. Furthermore, the presence of two key metabolites, BaP-t-7,8-dihydrodiol and BaP-tetrol-l-1, was detected in all organoid types, confirming their ability to metabolise BaP. BaP bioactivation was confirmed both by the activation of the DNA damage response pathway (induction of p-p53, pCHK2, p21 and γ-H2AX) and by DNA adduct formation. Overall, pancreatic and undifferentiated liver organoids formed the highest levels of DNA adducts. Colon organoids had the lowest responses in DNA adduct and metabolite formation, as well as XME expression. Additionally, high-throughput RT-qPCR explored differences in gene expression between organoid types after BaP treatment. The results demonstrate the potential usefulness of organoids for studying environmental carcinogenesis and genetic toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela L. Caipa Garcia
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Jill E. Kucab
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Rebekah S. S. Beck
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Franziska Fischer
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Matthias Hufnagel
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartwig
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrew Floeder
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | - Meritxell Huch
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zilbauer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - David H. Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Chapman F, Sticken ET, Wieczorek R, Pour SJ, Dethloff O, Budde J, Rudd K, Mason E, Czekala L, Yu F, Simms L, Nahde T, O'Connell G, Stevenson M. Multiple endpoint in vitro toxicity assessment of a prototype heated tobacco product indicates substantially reduced effects compared to those of combustible cigarette. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 86:105510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zhang Q, He X, Yu Q, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Yang L, Shang P, Zhang J, Liu H, Feng F. Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates pyroptosis in BPDE-induced BEAS-2B cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1768-1780. [PMID: 35297523 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P), as the main representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, can promote inflammation and many chronic pulmonary diseases. However, the underlying mechanism of Benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE)-induced human bronchial epithelial cell pyroptosis related to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) has not been elucidated. This study focused on the effects of BPDE on ERS and pyroptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), and explored the relationship between ERS and pyroptosis. BEAS-2B cells were stimulated with 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 μmol/L BPDE for 24 h to detect ERS and pyroptosis. After inhibition of ERS with 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), pyroptosis of BEAS-2B cells was tested. The results showed that BPDE decreased the cell viability, changed the morphological structure of endoplasmic reticulum and increased the expression levels of GRP78 and p-PERK. After BPDE treatment, the cell membrane was damaged and incomplete under transmission electron microscope; Hoechst 33342/PI fluorescence staining showed that the number of PI-positive cells was enhanced. The expression levels of GSDMD-N, cleaved-caspase 1, and cleaved-IL-1β were elevated, and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3 protein were improved. In BPDE combined with 4-PBA intervention group, the rate of PI-positive cells was reduced, the expression levels of GRP78, GSDMD-N, and cleaved-caspase 1 were decreased, and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3 were decreased. In conclusion, BPDE could induce ERS and pyroptosis in BEAS-2B cells, and ERS may promote the occurrence of BPDE-induced pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yitong Liu
- College of Public Health, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yonghang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pingping Shang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, CNC, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiatong Zhang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Feng
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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10
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Zhang T, Shen Y, Zhu R, Shan W, Li Y, Yan M, Zhang Y. Benzo[a]pyrene exposure promotes RIP1-mediated necroptotic death of osteocytes and the JNK/IL-18 pathway activation via generation of reactive oxygen species. Toxicology 2022; 476:153244. [PMID: 35777681 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of environmental pollutants, readily produced during the processing of petroleum and fatty foods. BaP exposure can cause skeletal deformities. However, whether BaP affects osteocytes, making up over 95% of all the bone cells, remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BaP on osteocytes in vivo and in vitro, as well as explore the underlying mechanisms. The in vivo data showed that BaP (50mg/kg) exposure for 12 weeks could cause bone destruction, and increase osteocytes death in mouse cortical femur. Our in vitro results revealed that BaP (25-100 μmol/L) exposure inhibited cell viability of MLO-Y4 cells, and resulted in cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, BaP exposure significantly triggered necroptosis of MLO-Y4 cells, as indicated by increased propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells and up-regulation of necroptosis-related protein expressions of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1), RIP3, and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). This necrotic effect was reversed by the RIP1 inhibitor necrostatin-1 (Nec-1). Simultaneously, BaP activated the downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/ interleukin (IL)-18 signaling pathway, which was suppressed after the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or Nec-1 treatment. In addition, BaP exposure promoted the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels; while BaP decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and antioxidant enzymes including nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels, leading to oxidative damage. The ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited this necroptotic death and the JNK/IL-18 pathway activation. Collectively, BaP exposure may cause RIP1-mediated necroptotic death of osteocytes and activate the JNK/IL-18 pathway via ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yuchen Shen
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ruirong Zhu
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Weiyan Shan
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yurong Li
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Ming Yan
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, 1158 2nd Avenue, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Huancheng West Road 508, Shaoxing 312000, China.
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11
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Ling J, Wang Y, Ma L, Zheng Y, Tang H, Meng L, Zhang L. KIF11, a plus end-directed kinesin, as a key gene in benzo(a)pyrene-induced non-small cell lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 89:103775. [PMID: 34800719 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that Benzo(a)pyrenediol-epoxide (BPDE) can damage lung cells, resulting in carcinogenesis with complex mechanisms. We aimed to explore the genes and pathway variations in this process. First, the key gene was screened out and identified through data mining, and then, it was in turn validated by bioinformatics analysis and experimental methods. Consequently, 106 up-regulated and 260 down-regulated differentially expressed genes were yielded, which were enriched in various pathways, such as Cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway. Then, KIF11 was identified as the key gene. Overexpression of KIF11 in lung cancer had a correlation with advanced pathological grade, advanced T stage, and presence of lymph node metastasis, which predicted poor prognosis. In summary, the present study revealed that KIF11 might be a key gene in the tumorigenesis of BPDE-related lung cancer, raising the possibility of KIF11 as a target for BPDE-induced lung cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ling
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihai Ma
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqu Tang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingzhan Meng
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Regulation of inflammation and COX-2 gene expression in benzo (a) pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in mice by all trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Life Sci 2021; 285:119967. [PMID: 34543639 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inflammation provides favourable microenvironment for cancer development. An enhanced COX-2 gene expression is a key inflammatory mediator of cancers and the drug that inhibits it, helps to manage cancer effectively and increases survival rate. The objective is to analyse the inflammatory changes and COX-2 gene expression in benzo (a) pyrene induced mice and to evaluate the regulatory effect of all trans retinoic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS The body and organ weights were recorded in B(a)P induced mice. The haematological parameters and serum inflammatory markers of carcinogenesis were tested. The H & E stained liver and lung tissues were examined for histopathologic changes. The COX-2 gene expression was analysed by RT-PCR and qPCR in lung and liver. KEY FINDINGS The decreased body weight, increased organ weights and the damages in liver and lung were observed in B(a)P induced mice and were prevented significantly upon ATRA treatment. The lowered Hb, RBC and lymphocytes and an enhanced WBC, monocytes and neutrophils observed in B(a)P group were significantly reversed in treated group. A drastic increase in cancer associated inflammatory markers observed in B(a)P induced mice were significantly (P ≤ 0.001) reduced in treated mice. The RT-PCR product density of COX-2 gene was very high in B(a)P group (lung-0.43 ± 0.06; liver-0.39 ± 0.04) significantly lower in treated group (lung-0.12 ± 0.03; liver-0.08 ± 0.03) with a significant difference in RQ values (B(a)P lung-18.46 ± 0.04, liver-12.46 ± 0.08; treated lung-5.93 ± 0.07, liver-2.92 ± 0.10). SIGNIFICANCE The ATRA has decreased the inflammatory condition with downregulation of COX-2 gene expression and thereby prevented carcinogenesis during early stage of B(a)P induced cancer development.
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13
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Johnson TO, Abolaji AO, Omale S, Longdet IY, Kutshik RJ, Oyetayo BO, Adegboyega AE, Sagay A. Benzo[a]pyrene and Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide induced locomotor and reproductive senescence and altered biochemical parameters of oxidative damage in Canton-S Drosophila melanogaster. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:571-580. [PMID: 33777703 PMCID: PMC7985712 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) commonly found in cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust fumes, grilled meat, and smoked food among others. Exposure to B[a]P is associated with a range of toxic effects including developmental, neurological, oxidative, inflammatory, mutagenic, carcinogenic and mortal. Efficient and more affordable experimental models like Drosophila melanogaster could provide more insight into the mechanism of PAH toxicity and help develop new strategies for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of PAH-related conditions. In this study, we examined the induction of some biochemical changes along with mortality and functional senescence by B[a]P and its metabolite, benzo[a]pyrene- 7,8-dihydrodiol-910-epoxide (BPDE) in the Canton-S strain of Drosophila melanogaster, with the aim to establish an alternative assay medium for B[a]P toxicity in flies. Flies were exposed to 2-200 μM of B[a]P and 1-10 μM of BPDE through diet for a seven-day survival assay followed by a four-day treatment to determine the effects of the compounds on negative geotaxis, fecundity and some biochemical parameters of oxidative damage. BPDE significantly reduced the survival rate of flies along the 7 days of exposure whereas B[a]P did not cause any significant change in the survival rate of flies. B[a]P and BPDE significantly reduced the climbing ability of flies after 4 days of exposure. Rate of emergence of flies significantly reduced at 10-200 μM of B[a]P and 5-10 μM of BPDE. Both compounds caused various levels of alterations in the values of reduced glutathione (GSH), total thiol (T-SH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of the flies. The compounds also exhibited high binding affinities and molecular interactions with the active site amino acid residues of Drosophila GST and the inhibitor binding site of Drosophila AChE in an in silico molecular docking analysis, with BPDE forming stable hydrogen bonds with AChE. Hence, the Canton-S strain of Drosophila melanogaster could offer a simple and affordable assay medium to study B[a]P toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titilayo Omolara Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Amos Olalekan Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Simeon Omale
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
- Africa Center of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Ishaya Yohanna Longdet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Richard Joseph Kutshik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji Oyenike Oyetayo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Emmanuel Adegboyega
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Atiene Sagay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Health Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
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14
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Luinenburg DG, Dinitzen AB, Flohr Svendsen A, Cengiz R, Ausema A, Weersing E, Bystrykh L, de Haan G. Persistent expression of microRNA-125a targets is required to induce murine hematopoietic stem cell repopulating activity. Exp Hematol 2021; 94:47-59.e5. [PMID: 33333212 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by binding to the 3' untranslated regions of their target mRNAs. The evolutionarily conserved microRNA-125a (miR-125a) is highly expressed in both murine and human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and previous studies have found that miR-125 strongly enhances self-renewal of HSCs and progenitors. In this study we explored whether temporary overexpression of miR-125a would be sufficient to permanently increase HSC self-renewal or, rather, whether persistent overexpression of miR-125a is required. We used three complementary in vivo approaches to reversibly enforce expression of miR-125a in murine HSCs. Additionally, we interrogated the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the functional changes that occur in HSCs on overexpression of miR-125a. Our data indicate that continuous expression of miR-125a is required to enhance HSC activity. Our molecular analysis confirms changes in pathways that explain the characteristics of miR-125a overexpressing HSCs. Moreover, it provides several novel putative miR-125a targets, but also highlights the complex molecular changes that collectively lead to enhanced HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle G Luinenburg
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Bak Dinitzen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Flohr Svendsen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roza Cengiz
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertina Ausema
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Weersing
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Bystrykh
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald de Haan
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Cayir A. Environmental exposures and RNA N6-Methyladenosine modified long Non-Coding RNAs. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:641-649. [PMID: 32924714 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1812511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of RNA modifications and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have provided substantial evidence on important biological functions. LncRNAs are defined as longer than 200 nucleotides which are not translated into proteins. The term "epitranscriptome" refers to all modifications in RNA types. Adenine-6 methylation (m6A) is the most common, dynamic and prominent modifications in coding and non-coding RNAs and has critical and previously unappreciated functional roles. Accumulation evidence indicated the association between RNA m6A modification and cancer and nonmalignant diseases. Recent studies reported that several lncRNAs including MALAT1, MEG3, XIST, GAS5, and KCNK15-AS1 are subject to m6A modification. It can be suggested that lncRNAs modified by m6A modification have substantive roles in diseases. Currently limited data are available regarding how environmental exposure affects m6A-modified lncRNAs. Furthermore, we do not know the interaction of environmental exposure and m6A-modified lncRNAs in development of adverse human health outcomes. Thus, in this systematic review, we aimed to present the data of the studies that reported a significant association between environmental exposure and expression/DNA methylation of m6A-modified long non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akin Cayir
- Vocational Health College, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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16
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Liang S, Ezerskyte M, Wang J, Pelechano V, Dreij K. Transcriptional mutagenesis dramatically alters genome-wide p53 transactivation landscape. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13513. [PMID: 32782319 PMCID: PMC7419513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional error rate can be significantly increased by the presence of DNA lesions that instruct mis-insertion during transcription; a process referred to as transcriptional mutagenesis (TM) that can result in altered protein function. Herein, we determined the effect of O6-methylguanine (O6-meG) on transcription and subsequent transactivation activity of p53 in human lung H1299 cells. Levels of TM and effects on transactivation were determined genome wide by RNA-seq. Results showed that 47% of all p53 transcripts contained an uridine misincorporation opposite the lesion at 6 h post transfection, which was decreased to 18% at 24 h. TM at these levels reduced DNA binding activity of p53 to 21% and 80% compared to wild type p53, respectively. Gene expression data were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes due to TM of p53. We show a temporal repression of transactivation of > 100 high confidence p53 target genes including regulators of the cell cycle, DNA damage response and apoptosis. In addition, TM repressed the transcriptional downregulation by p53 of several negative regulators of proliferation and differentiation. Our work demonstrates that TM, even when restricting its effect to an individual transcription factor, has the potential to alter gene expression programs and diversify cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liang
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Ezerskyte
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicent Pelechano
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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17
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Zheng H, Jarvis IWH, Bottai M, Dreij K, Stenius U. TGF beta promotes repair of bulky DNA damage through increased ERCC1/XPF and ERCC1/XPA interaction. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:580-591. [PMID: 30418489 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is multifunctional cytokine that is involved in the coordination and regulation of many cellular homeostatic processes. Compromised TGFβ activity has been attributed to promotion of human cancers. Recent studies have identified a role for TGFβ in response to radiation-induced DNA damage, suggesting a link between TGFβ and the DNA damage response with implications for cancer development. In this study, the effects of TGFβ on promoting the repair of bulky DNA damage, through modulation of nucleotide excision repair (NER), were investigated. We show that treatment of cells with exogenous TGFβ leads to enhanced repair of DNA damage formed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ultraviolet-C radiation; similarly, cells with constitutively activated endogenous TGFβ signaling show comparable responses. This effect of TGFβ is independent of the cell cycle. The response to TGFβ is decreased in cells that have compromised TGFβ signaling through RNA interference of Smad4 and is decreased in NER-deficient cells and cells with compromised NER through RNA interference of excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1). Increased interaction and nuclear localization of ERCC1/xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) F and ERCC1/XPA proteins is observed after TGFβ treatment. Our study represents the first experimental evidence of a role for TGFβ in the repair of bulky DNA damage resulting from promotion of the interaction and localization of repair protein complexes involved in the incision step of NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zheng
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ian W H Jarvis
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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de Oliveira Galvão MF, Sadiktsis I, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Dreij K. Genotoxicity and DNA damage signaling in response to complex mixtures of PAHs in biomass burning particulate matter from cashew nut roasting. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113381. [PMID: 31662259 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 3 billion people world-wide are exposed to air pollution from biomass burning. Herein, particulate matter (PM) emitted from artisanal cashew nut roasting, an important economic activity worldwide, was investigated. This study focused on: i) chemical characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated (oxy-) PAHs; ii) intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS); iii) genotoxic effects and time- and dose-dependent activation of DNA damage signaling, and iv) differential expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, inflammation, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, using A549 lung cells. Among the PAHs, chrysene, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benz[a]anthracene showed the highest concentrations (7.8-10 ng/m3), while benzanthrone and 9,10-anthraquinone were the most abundant oxy-PAHs. Testing of PM extracts was based on B[a]P equivalent doses (B[a]Peq). IC50 values for viability were 5.7 and 3.0 nM B[a]Peq at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. At these low doses, we observed a time- and dose-dependent increase in intracellular levels of ROS, genotoxicity (DNA strand breaks) and DNA damage signaling (phosphorylation of the protein checkpoint kinase 1 - Chk1). In comparison, effects of B[a]P alone was observed at micromolar range. To our knowledge, no previous study has demonstrated an activation of pChk1, a biomarker used to estimate the carcinogenic potency of PAHs in vitro, in lung cells exposed to cashew nut roasting extracts. Sustained induction of expression of several important stress response mediators of xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1, CYP1B1), ROS and pro-inflammatory response (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-2, COX2), and DNA damage response (CDKN1A and DDB2) was also identified. In conclusion, our data show high potency of cashew nut roasting PM to induce cellular stress including genotoxicity, and more potently when compared to B[a]P alone. Our study provides new data that will help elucidate the toxic effects of low-levels of PAH mixtures from air PM generated by cashew nut roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Felipe de Oliveira Galvão
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ioannis Sadiktsis
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kristian Dreij
- Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Malik DES, David RM, Gooderham NJ. Interleukin-6 selectively induces drug metabolism to potentiate the genotoxicity of dietary carcinogens in mammary cells. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3005-3020. [PMID: 31515600 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in females, the etiology being multifactorial and includes the role of lifestyle exposure to DNA-damaging chemicals such as dietary carcinogens benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4, 5-b] pyridine (PhIP). Both compounds require cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolic activation to DNA-damaging species, and both induce transcriptional responses through the nuclear receptors Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor α (ERα). BaP and PhIP are mammary carcinogens in rodents. Clinically, circulating IL-6 expression is linked with poor prognosis of cancer and 35% of the deaths in breast cancer are linked with inflammation. The objective of this work was to investigate the molecular toxicology and local activation of BaP and PhIP in the presence of IL-6. Our laboratory has previously reported that miR27b can regulate CYP1B1 expression in colorectal cells, here we have investigated if this mechanism is working in mammary cell models, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment (24 h) of cells with BaP (10 nM-10 µM) and PhIP (100 nM-100 µM) significantly induced genetic damage (micronuclei formation) in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. This effect was potentiated in the presence of human IL-6 at concentrations reported to be expressed in clinical breast cancer. On its own, IL-6 treatment failed to induce micronuclei frequency above the control levels in these cells. Compared to BaP or PhIP treatment alone, IL-6 plus BaP or PhIP selectively induced CYP1B1 significantly in both cell lines. Additionally, miR27b expression was downregulated by IL-6 treatments and transfection with miR27b inhibitor confirmed that miR27b is a regulator of CYP1B1 in both cell lines. These data show that BaP- and PhIP-induced DNA damage in mammary cells is potentiated by the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and that inflammation-induced CYP expression, specifically CYP1B1 via miR27b, is responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durr-E-Shahwar Malik
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Rhiannon M David
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Genetic Toxicology, Discovery Safety, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Shi Q, Fijten RR, Spina D, Riffo Vasquez Y, Arlt VM, Godschalk RW, Van Schooten FJ. Altered gene expression profiles in the lungs of benzo[a]pyrene-exposed mice in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-induced pulmonary inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 336:8-19. [PMID: 28987381 PMCID: PMC5703654 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory lung diseases are often additionally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like B[a]P and B[a]P-induced alterations in gene expression in these patients may contribute to the development of lung cancer. Mice were intra-nasally treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20μg/mouse) to induce pulmonary inflammation and subsequently exposed to B[a]P (0.5mg/mouse) by intratracheal instillation. Gene expression changes were analyzed in mouse lungs by RNA microarrays. Analysis of genes that are known to be involved in the cellular response to B[a]P indicated that LPS significantly inhibited gene expression of various enzymes linked to B[a]P metabolism, which was confirmed by phenotypic analyses of enzyme activity. Ultimately, these changes resulted in higher levels of B[a]P-DNA adducts in the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P with prior LPS treatment compared to the lungs of mice exposed to B[a]P alone. Using principle component analysis (PCA), we found that of all the genes that were significantly altered in their expression, those that were able to separate the different exposure conditions were predominantly related to immune-response. Moreover, an overall analysis of differentially expressed genes indicated that cell-cell adhesion and cell-cell communication was inhibited in lungs of mice that received both B[a]P and LPS. Our results indicate that pulmonary inflammation increased the genotoxicity of B[a]P via inhibition of both phase I and II metabolism. Therefore, inflammation could be a critical contributor to B[a]P-induced carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R R Fijten
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Spina
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Y Riffo Vasquez
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - V M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environmental & Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - R W Godschalk
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - F J Van Schooten
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Shi Q, Boots AW, Maas L, Veith C, van Kuijk K, Haenen GR, Godschalk RW, Van Schooten FJ. Effect of interleukin (IL)-8 on benzo[a]pyrene metabolism and DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicology 2017; 381:64-74. [PMID: 28238931 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that inflammation and concurrent mutagenic exposures drive the carcinogenic process in a synergistic way. To elucidate the role of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in this process, we studied its effect on the activation and deactivation of the chemical mutagen benzo[a]pyrene B[a]P in the immortalized pulmonary BEAS-2B cell line. After 24h incubation with B[a]P in the presence or absence of IL-8, the B[a]P induced cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1B1 (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) gene expression and CYP1A1 enzyme activity was significantly higher in the presence of the cytokine. Consistent with these findings, we observed higher concentration of the metabolite B[a]P-7,8-diol under concurrent IL-8 treatment conditions. Interestingly, we also found higher concentrations of unmetabolized B[a]P. To explain this, we examined the downstream effects of IL-8 on NADPH oxidases (NOXes). IL-8 lowered the intracellular NADPH level, but this effect could not explain the changes in B[a]P metabolism. IL-8 also significantly depleted intracellular glutathione (GSH), which also resulted in enhanced levels of unmetabolized B[a]P, but increased concentrations of the metabolite B[a]P-7,8-diol. No differences in B[a]P-DNA adducts level were found between B[a]P and B[a]P combined with IL-8, and this might be due to a 3-fold increase in nucleotide excision repair (NER) after IL-8 treatment. These findings suggest that IL-8 increased the formation of B[a]P-7,8-diol despite an overall delayed B[a]P metabolism via depletion of GSH, but DNA damage levels were unaffected due to an increase in NER capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Shi
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A W Boots
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - L Maas
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C Veith
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K van Kuijk
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - G R Haenen
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R W Godschalk
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - F J Van Schooten
- Departement of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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22
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Wang PY, Wang SR, Xiao L, Chen J, Wang JY, Rao JN. c-Jun enhances intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding by increasing phospholipase C-γ1 transcription. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C367-C375. [PMID: 28100486 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00330.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun is an activating protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor and implicated in many aspects of cellular functions, but its exact role in the regulation of early intestinal epithelial restitution after injury remains largely unknown. Phospholipase C-γ1 (PLCγ1) catalyzes hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5 biphosphate into the second messenger diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate, coordinates Ca2+ store mobilization, and regulates cell migration and proliferation in response to stress. Here we reported that c-Jun upregulates PLCγ1 expression and enhances PLCγ1-induced Ca2+ signaling, thus promoting intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding. Ectopically expressed c-Jun increased PLCγ1 expression at the transcription level, and this stimulation is mediated by directly interacting with AP-1 and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) binding sites that are located at the proximal region of the rat PLCγ1 promoter. Increased levels of PLCγ1 by c-Jun elevated cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration and stimulated intestinal epithelial cell migration over the denuded area after wounding. The c-Jun-mediated PLCγ1/Ca2+ signal also plays an important role in polyamine-induced cell migration after wounding because increased c-Jun rescued Ca2+ influx and cell migration in polyamine-deficient cells. These findings indicate that c-Jun induces PLCγ1 expression transcriptionally and enhances rapid epithelial restitution after injury by activating Ca2+ signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yuan Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shelley R Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lan Xiao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jie Chen
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; .,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Olaiya CO, Soetan KO, Esan AM. The role of nutraceuticals, functional foods and value added food products in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajfs2015.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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Mavrofrydi O, Mavroeidi P, Papazafiri P. Comparative assessment of HIF-1α and Akt responses in human lung and skin cells exposed to benzo[α]pyrene: Effect of conditioned medium from pre-exposed primary fibroblasts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1103-1112. [PMID: 25728052 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to atmospheric pollutants has been accused for many adverse health effects. Benzo[α]pyrene (Β[α]Ρ) in particular, the most extensively studied member of pollutants, is implicated in both cancer initiation and promotion. In the present study, we compared the effects of noncytotoxic doses of Β[α]Ρ, between human skin and lung epithelial cells A431 and A549, respectively, focusing on Akt kinase and HIF-1α, as it is well known that these proteins are upregulated in various human cancers promoting survival, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumor cells. Also, taking into consideration that fibroblasts are involved in cancer progression, we tested the possible modulation of epithelial cell response by paracrine factors secreted by Β[α]Ρ-treated fibroblasts. Low doses of Β[α]Ρ were found to enhance epithelial cell proliferation and upregulate both Akt kinase and HIF-1α, with A549 cells exhibiting a more sustained profile of upregulation. It is to notice that, the response of HIF-1α was remarkably early, acting as a sensitive marker in response to airborne pollutants. Also, HIF-1α was induced by Β[α]Ρ in both lung and skin fibroblasts indicating that this effect may be conserved throughout different cell types and tissues. Interestingly however, the response of both proteins was differentially modified upon treatment with conditioned medium from Β[α]Ρ-exposed fibroblasts. This is particularly evident in A459 cells and confirms the critical role of intercellular and paracrine factors in the modulation of the final response to an extracellular signal. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1103-1112, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mavrofrydi
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Mavroeidi
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papazafiri
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Athens, 15784 Panepistimiopolis, Ilissia, Athens, Greece
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25
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Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a carcinogen in cigarette smoke. We found that B[a]P induced SIRT1 in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cell. SIRT1 was overexpressed in the lung of B[a]P-exposed mice and in human lung cancer biopsies. SIRT1 up-regulated TNF-α and β-catenin and down-regulated the membrane fraction of E-cadherin. In addition, SIRT1 promoted invasion, migration and tumorigenesis of BEAS-2B cells in nude mice upon B[a]P exposure. Thus, SIRT1 is involved in B[a]P-induced transformation associated with activation of the TNF-α/β-catenin axis and is as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.
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26
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Warnakulasuriya SN, Ziaullah, Rupasinghe HPV. Novel long chain fatty acid derivatives of quercetin-3-O-glucoside reduce cytotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke toxicants in human fetal lung fibroblasts. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 781:128-38. [PMID: 27071958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Smoking has become a global health concern due to its association with many disease conditions, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer. Flavonoids are plant polyphenolic compounds, studied extensively for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) is a flavonoid which is widely found in plants. Six novel long chain fatty acid [stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] derivatives of Q3G were evaluated for their potential in protecting human lung fibroblasts against cytotoxicity induced by selected cigarette smoke toxicants: 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone (NNK), benzo-α-pyrene (BaP), nicotine and chromium (Cr[VI]). Nicotine and Cr[VI] induced toxicity in fibroblasts and reduced the percentage of viable cells, while BaP and NNK did not affect cell viability. The fatty acid derivatives of Q3G provided protection against nicotine- and Cr[VI]-induced cell death and membrane lipid peroxidation. Based on the evaluation of inflammatory markers of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), the fatty acid derivatives of Q3G were found to be effective in lowering the inflammatory response. Overall, these novel fatty acid esters of Q3G warrant further investigation as potential cytoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumudu N Warnakulasuriya
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Ziaullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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27
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Sweeney E, Crainiceanu C, Gertheiss J. Testing differentially expressed genes in dose-response studies and with ordinal phenotypes. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol 2016; 15:213-35. [DOI: 10.1515/sagmb-2015-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractWhen testing for differentially expressed genes between more than two groups, the groups are often defined by dose levels in dose-response experiments or ordinal phenotypes, such as disease stages. We discuss the potential of a new approach that uses the levels’ ordering without making any structural assumptions, such as monotonicity, by testing for zero variance components in a mixed models framework. Since the mixed effects model approach borrows strength across doses/levels, the test proposed can also be applied when the number of dose levels/phenotypes is large and/or the number of subjects per group is small. We illustrate the new test in simulation studies and on several publicly available datasets and compare it to alternative testing procedures. All tests considered are implemented in R and are publicly available. The new approach offers a very fast and powerful way to test for differentially expressed genes between ordered groups without making restrictive assumptions with respect to the true relationship between factor levels and response.
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28
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Wang GZ, Cheng X, Zhou B, Wen ZS, Huang YC, Chen HB, Li GF, Huang ZL, Zhou YC, Feng L, Wei MM, Qu LW, Cao Y, Zhou GB. The chemokine CXCL13 in lung cancers associated with environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons pollution. eLife 2015; 4:e09419. [PMID: 26565418 PMCID: PMC4764582 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 90% of lung cancers are caused by cigarette smoke and air pollution, with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as key carcinogens. In Xuanwei City of Yunnan Province, the lung cancer incidence is among the highest in China, attributed to smoky coal combustion-generated PAH pollution. Here, we screened for abnormal inflammatory factors in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) from Xuanwei and control regions (CR) where smoky coal was not used, and found that a chemokine CXCL13 was overexpressed in 63/70 (90%) of Xuanwei NSCLCs and 44/71 (62%) of smoker and 27/60 (45%) of non-smoker CR patients. CXCL13 overexpression was associated with the region Xuanwei and cigarette smoke. The key carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) induced CXCL13 production in lung epithelial cells and in mice prior to development of detectable lung cancer. Deficiency in Cxcl13 or its receptor, Cxcr5, significantly attenuated BaP-induced lung cancer in mice, demonstrating CXCL13's critical role in PAH-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Hao-Bin Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First People’s Hospital of Qu Jing City, Qu Jing, China
| | - Gao-Feng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Liang Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Chun Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Pathology, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by aortic subcellular fractions in the setting of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:383-91. [PMID: 26530167 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
As exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; a family of environmental toxicants) have been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, the ability of the aortic tissue to process these toxicants is important from the standpoint of abdominal aortic aneurysms and atherosclerosis. Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), a representative PAH compound is released into the environment from automobile exhausts, industrial emissions, and considerable intake of B(a)P is also expected in people who are smokers and barbecued red meat eaters. Therefore, knowledge of B(a)P metabolism in the cardiovascular system will be of importance in the management of vascular disorders. Toward this end, subcellular fractions (nuclear, cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal) were isolated from the aortic tissues of Apo E mice that received a 5 mg/kg/week of B(a)P for 42 days and 0.71 mg/kg/day for 60 days. The fractions were incubated with 1 and 3 μM B(a)P. Post incubation, samples were extracted with ethyl acetate and analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC. Microsomal B(a)P metabolism was greater than the rest of the fractions. The B(a)P metabolite levels generated by all the subcellular fractions showed a B(a)P exposure concentration-dependent increase for both the weekly and daily B(a)P treatment categories. The preponderance of B(a)P metabolites such as 7,8-dihydrodiol, 3,6-, and 6,12-dione metabolites are interesting due to their reported involvement in B(a)P-induced toxicity through oxidative stress.
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30
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Banks LD, Amoah P, Niaz MS, Washington MK, Adunyah SE, Ramesh A. Olive oil prevents benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced colon carcinogenesis through altered B(a)P metabolism and decreased oxidative damage in Apc(Min) mouse model. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 28:37-50. [PMID: 26878781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer ranks third in cancer-related mortalities in the United States. Many studies have investigated factors that contribute to colon cancer in which dietary and environmental factors have been shown to play an integral role in the etiology of this disease. Specifically, human dietary intake of environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has generated interest in looking at how it exerts its effects in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the preventative effects of olive oil on benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced colon carcinogenesis in adult Apc(Min) mice. Mice were assigned to a control (n=8) or treatment group (n=8) consisting of 25, 50 and 100-μg B(a)P/kg body weight (bw) dissolved in tricaprylin [B(a)P-only group] or olive oil daily via oral gavage for 60 days. Our studies showed that Apc(Min) mice exposed to B(a)P developed a significantly higher number (P<0.05) of larger dysplastic adenomas compared to those exposed to B(a)P + olive oil. Treatment of mice with B(a)P and olive oil significantly altered (P<0.05) the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in both the colon and liver tissues. However, only GST activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the liver of mice treated with 50- and 100-μg B(a)P/kg bw + olive oil. Lastly, olive oil promoted rapid detoxification of B(a)P by decreasing its organic metabolite concentrations and also decreasing the extent of DNA damage to colon and liver tissues (P<0.05). These results suggest that olive oil has a protective effect against B(a)P-induced colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah D Banks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208
| | - Priscilla Amoah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208
| | - Mohammad S Niaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208
| | - Mary K Washington
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232
| | - Samuel E Adunyah
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208.
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31
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Wang GZ, Cheng X, Li XC, Liu YQ, Wang XQ, Shi X, Wang ZY, Guo YQ, Wen ZS, Huang YC, Zhou GB. Tobacco smoke induces production of chemokine CCL20 to promote lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2015; 363:60-70. [PMID: 25864589 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year, and 90% of the annual 1.59 million lung cancer deaths worldwide are caused by cigarette smoke. Clinically, a long latency is required for individuals to develop lung cancer since they were first exposed to smoking. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical relevant inflammatory factors that are critical for carcinogenesis by treating normal human lung epithelial cells with tobacco carcinogen nicotine-derived nitrosaminoketone (NNK) for a long period (60 days) and systematic screening in 84 cytokines/chemokines. We found that a chemokine CCL20 was significantly up-regulated by NNK, and in 78/173 (45.1%) patients the expression of CCL20 was higher in tumor samples than their adjacent normal lung tissues. Interestingly, CCL20 was up-regulated in 48/92 (52.2%) smoker and 29/78 (37.2%) nonsmoker patients (p = 0.05), and high CCL20 was associated with poor prognosis. NNK induced the production of CCL20, which promoted lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. In addition, an anti-inflammation drug, dexamethasone, inhibited NNK-induced CCL20 production and suppressed lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that CCL20 is crucial for tobacco smoke-caused lung cancer, and anti-CCL20 could be a rational approach to fight against this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Graduate School of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Graduate School of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Graduate School of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Graduate School of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xian-Quan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jing Wu Road, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Zai-Yong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yong-Qing Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Wen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yun-Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming 650106, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Graduate School of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Sikdar S, Kumar Saha S, Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh A. Relative Apoptosis-inducing Potential of Homeopa-thic Condurango 6C and 30C in H460 Lung Cancer Cells In vitro: -Apoptosis-induction by homeopathic Condurango in H460 cells. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 17:59-69. [PMID: 25780691 PMCID: PMC4331988 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2014.17.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In homeopathy, it is claimed that more homeopathically-diluted potencies render more protective/curative effects against any disease condition. Potentized forms of Condurango are used successfully to treat digestive problems, as well as esophageal and stomach cancers. However, the comparative efficacies of Condurango 6C and 30C, one diluted below and one above Avogadro's limit (lacking original drug molecule), respectively, have not been critically analyzed for their cell-killing (apoptosis) efficacy against lung cancer cells in vitro, and signalling cascades have not been studied. Hence, the present study was undertaken. METHODS 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenylte-trazolium bromide (MTT) assays were conducted on H460-non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells by using a succussed ethyl alcohol vehicle (placebo) as a control. Studies on cellular morphology, cell cycle regulation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA-damage were made, and expressions of related signaling markers were studied. The observations were done in a "blinded" manner. RESULTS Both Condurango 6C and 30C induced apoptosis via cell cycle arrest at subG0/G1 and altered expressions of certain apoptotic markers significantly in H460 cells. The drugs induced oxidative stress through ROS elevation and MMP depolarization at 18-24 hours. These events presumably activated a caspase-3-mediated signalling cascade, as evidenced by reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot and immunofluorescence studies at a late phase (48 hours) in which cells were pushed towards apoptosis. CONCLUSION Condurango 30C had greater apoptotic effect than Condurango 6C as claimed in the homeopathic doctrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Sikdar
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Santu Kumar Saha
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Anisur Rahman Khuda-Bukhsh
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
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McConnell ER, Bell SM, Cote I, Wang RL, Perkins EJ, Garcia-Reyero N, Gong P, Burgoon LD. Systematic Omics Analysis Review (SOAR) tool to support risk assessment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110379. [PMID: 25531884 PMCID: PMC4273947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental health risk assessors are challenged to understand and incorporate new data streams as the field of toxicology continues to adopt new molecular and systems biology technologies. Systematic screening reviews can help risk assessors and assessment teams determine which studies to consider for inclusion in a human health assessment. A tool for systematic reviews should be standardized and transparent in order to consistently determine which studies meet minimum quality criteria prior to performing in-depth analyses of the data. The Systematic Omics Analysis Review (SOAR) tool is focused on assisting risk assessment support teams in performing systematic reviews of transcriptomic studies. SOAR is a spreadsheet tool of 35 objective questions developed by domain experts, focused on transcriptomic microarray studies, and including four main topics: test system, test substance, experimental design, and microarray data. The tool will be used as a guide to identify studies that meet basic published quality criteria, such as those defined by the Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment standard and the Toxicological Data Reliability Assessment Tool. Seven scientists were recruited to test the tool by using it to independently rate 15 published manuscripts that study chemical exposures with microarrays. Using their feedback, questions were weighted based on importance of the information and a suitability cutoff was set for each of the four topic sections. The final validation resulted in 100% agreement between the users on four separate manuscripts, showing that the SOAR tool may be used to facilitate the standardized and transparent screening of microarray literature for environmental human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R. McConnell
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Shannon M. Bell
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Ila Cote
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, VA, United States of America
| | - Rong-Lin Wang
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Perkins
- United States Army Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army, Department of Defense, Vicksburg, MS, United States of America
| | - Natàlia Garcia-Reyero
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States of America
| | - Ping Gong
- SpecPro, Inc, Vicksburg, MS, United States of America
| | - Lyle D. Burgoon
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jarvis I, Bergvall C, Morales D, Kummrow F, Umbuzeiro G, Westerholm R, Stenius U, Dreij K. Nanomolar levels of PAHs in extracts from urban air induce MAPK signaling in HepG2 cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Toward understanding the role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the immune system: current progress and future trends. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:520763. [PMID: 24527450 PMCID: PMC3914515 DOI: 10.1155/2014/520763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is regulated by distinct signaling pathways that control the development and function of the immune cells. Accumulating evidence suggest that ligation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), an environmentally responsive transcription factor, results in multiple cross talks that are capable of modulating these pathways and their downstream responsive genes. Most of the immune cells respond to such modulation, and many inflammatory response-related genes contain multiple xenobiotic-responsive elements (XREs) boxes upstream. Active research efforts have investigated the physiological role of Ahr in inflammation and autoimmunity using different animal models. Recently formed paradigm has shown that activation of Ahr by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) prompts the differentiation of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) and inhibits T helper (Th)-17 suggesting that Ahr is an innovative therapeutic strategy for autoimmune inflammation. These promising findings generate a basis for future clinical practices in humans. This review addresses the current knowledge on the role of Ahr in different immune cell compartments, with a particular focus on inflammation and autoimmunity.
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Ji J, Xu W, Zhao Y, Luo F, Wang B, Bian Q, Liu Q. Cell cycle changes mediated by the p53/miR-34c axis are involved in the malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells by benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol Lett 2013; 225:275-84. [PMID: 24362009 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of aberrant microRNA (miRNA) expression during carcinogen-induced cell transformation will lead to a better understanding of the role of miRNAs in cancer development. In this investigation, we evaluated changes in p53 function and its downstream target miRNAs in benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced transformation of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Chronic exposure to BaP induced malignant transformation of cells, in which there were increased levels of mutant p53 (mt-p53) and reduced expression of wild-type p53 (wt-p53) and phosphorylated p53 (p-p53). With acute (12h) exposure to BaP, p-p53 was increased, and with increasing time of exposure (24h), the increase in p-p53 at a concentration of 1μM BaP was followed by a decline with increasing concentrations; wt-p53 and mt-p53 did not change. With prolonged exposure (48h), p-p53 and wt-p53 decreased, but mt-p53 increased. At different exposure times, the levels of miR-34c were consistent with p-p53. Over-expression of miR-34c resulted in inhibition of the BaP-induced G1-to-S transition and diminished up-regulation of cyclin D. Further, up-regulation of miR-34c or silencing of cylin D prevented BaP-induced malignant transformation. Thus, changes in the cell cycle mediated by the p53/miR-34c axis are involved in the transformation cells induced by BaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyu Han
- The First Clinic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jie Ji
- The First Clinic Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bairu Wang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qian Bian
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zaccaria KJ, McClure PR. Using Immunotoxicity Information to Improve Cancer Risk Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Mixtures. Int J Toxicol 2013; 32:236-50. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581813492829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estimating cancer risk from environmental mixtures containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is challenging. Ideally, each mixture would undergo toxicity testing to derive a cancer slope factor (CSF) for use in site-specific cancer risk assessments. However, this whole mixture approach is extremely costly in terms of finances, time, and animal usage. Alternatively, if an untested mixture is “sufficiently similar” to a well-characterized mixture with a CSF, the “surrogate” CSF can be used in risk assessments. We propose that similarity between 2 mixtures could be established using an in vitro battery of genotoxic and nongenotoxic tests. An observed association between carcinogenicity and immunosuppression of PAHs suggests that the addition of immune suppression assays may improve this battery. First, using published studies of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and other PAHs, we demonstrated a correlation between the derived immune suppression relative potency factors (RPFs) for 9 PAHs and their respective cancer RPFs, confirming observations published previously. Second, we constructed an integrated knowledge map for immune suppression by BaP based on the available mechanistic information. The map illustrates the mechanistic complexities involved in BaP immunosuppression, suggesting that multiple in vitro tests of immune suppression involving different processes, cell types, and tissues will have greater predictive value for immune suppression in vivo than a single test. Based on these observations, research strategies are recommended to validate a battery of in vitro immune suppression tests that, along with tests for genotoxic and other nongenotoxic modes of cancer action, could be used to establish “sufficient similarity” of 2 mixtures for site-specific cancer risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R. McClure
- SRC, Inc, Defense and Environmental Solutions, North Syracuse, NY, USA
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Fang X, Thornton C, Scheffler BE, Willett KL. Benzo[a]pyrene decreases global and gene specific DNA methylation during zebrafish development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 36:40-50. [PMID: 23542452 PMCID: PMC3654064 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is important for gene regulation and is vulnerable to early-life exposure to environmental contaminants. We found that direct waterborne benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure at 24μg/L from 2.5 to 96hpf to zebrafish embryos significantly decreased global cytosine methylation by 44.8% and promoter methylation in vasa by 17%. Consequently, vasa expression was significantly increased by 33%. In contrast, BaP exposure at environmentally relevant concentrations did not change CpG island methylation or gene expression in cancer genes such as ras-association domain family member 1 (rassf1), telomerase reverse transcriptase (tert), c-jun, and c-myca. Similarly, BaP did not change gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (dnmt1) and glycine N-methyltransferase (gnmt). While total DNMT activity was not affected, GNMT enzyme activity was moderately increased. In summary, BaP is an epigenetic modifier for global and gene specific DNA methylation status in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Cammi Thornton
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Brian E. Scheffler
- USDA-ARS Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS 38776
| | - Kristine L. Willett
- Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology Research Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
- Corresponding author Box 1848, 303 Faser Hall Department of Pharmacology University of Mississippi University, MS, 38677 Tel: (662) 915-6691 Fax: (662) 915-5148
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Dagouassat M, Gagliolo JM, Chrusciel S, Bourin MC, Duprez C, Caramelle P, Boyer L, Hue S, Stern JB, Validire P, Longrois D, Norel X, Dubois-Randé JL, Le Gouvello S, Adnot S, Boczkowski J. The cyclooxygenase-2-prostaglandin E2 pathway maintains senescence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease fibroblasts. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:703-14. [PMID: 23328527 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201208-1361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with lung fibroblast senescence, a process characterized by the irreversible loss of replicative capacity associated with the secretion of inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanisms of this phenomenon remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the role of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a prostaglandin known to be increased in COPD lung fibroblasts, in inducing senescence and related inflammation in vitro in lung fibroblasts and in vivo in mice. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from patients with COPD and from smoker and nonsmoker control subjects. Senescence markers and inflammatory mediators were investigated in fibroblasts and in mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Lung fibroblasts from patients with COPD exhibited higher expression of PGE2 receptors EP2 and EP4 as compared with nonsmoker and smoker control subjects. Compared with both nonsmoker and smoker control subjects, during long-term culture, COPD fibroblasts displayed increased senescent markers (increased senescence associated-β galactosidase activity, p16, and p53 expression and lower proliferative capacity), and an increased PGE2, IL-6, IL-8, growth-regulated oncogene (GRO), CX3CL1, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein and cyclooxygenase-2 and mPGES-1 mRNA expression. Using in vitro pharmacologic approaches and in vivo experiments in wild-type and p53(-/-) mice we demonstrated that PGE2 produced by senescent COPD fibroblasts is responsible for the increased senescence and related inflammation. PGE2 acts either in a paracrine or autocrine fashion by a pathway involving EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin receptors, cyclooxygenase-2-dependent reactive oxygen species production and signaling, and consecutive p53 activation. CONCLUSIONS PGE2 is a critical component of an amplifying and self-perpetuating circle inducing senescence and inflammation in COPD fibroblasts. Modulating the described PGE2 signaling pathway could provide a new basis to dampen senescence and senescence-associated inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Dagouassat
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR U955, Créteil, France
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Chen W, Xu X, Bai L, Padilla MT, Gott KM, Leng S, Tellez CS, Wilder JA, Belinsky SA, Scott BR, Lin Y. Low-dose gamma-irradiation inhibits IL-6 secretion from human lung fibroblasts that promotes bronchial epithelial cell transformation by cigarette-smoke carcinogen. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1368-74. [PMID: 22556270 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research in defining the health effects of low-dose (<100 mGy) ionizing photon radiation (LDR), the relationship between LDR and human cancer risk remains elusive. Because chemical carcinogens modify the tumor microenvironment, which is critical for cancer development, we investigated the role and mechanism of LDR in modulating the response of stromal cells to chemical carcinogen-induced lung cancer development. Secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), CXCL1 and CXCL5 from human lung fibroblasts was induced by cigarette-smoke carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE), which was inhibited by a single dose of LDR. The activation of NF-κB, which is important for BPDE-induced IL-6 secretion, was also effectively suppressed by LDR. In addition, conditioned media from BPDE-treated fibroblasts activated STAT3 in the immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cell line Beas-2B, which was blocked with an IL-6 neutralizing antibody. Conditioned medium from LDR-primed and BPDE-treated fibroblast showed diminished capacity in activating STAT3. Furthermore, IL-6 enhanced BPDE-induced Beas-2B cell transformation in vitro. These results suggest that LDR inhibits cigarette smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis by suppressing secretion of cytokines such as IL-6 from fibroblasts in lung tumor-prone microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Chen
- Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr., SE Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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Sang H, Zhang L, Li J. Anti-benzopyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide induces apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in human bronchiolar epithelium cells independent of the mitochondria permeability transition pore. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2417-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tabas-Madrid D, Nogales-Cadenas R, Pascual-Montano A. GeneCodis3: a non-redundant and modular enrichment analysis tool for functional genomics. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:W478-83. [PMID: 22573175 PMCID: PMC3394297 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 461] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first release in 2007, GeneCodis has become a valuable tool to functionally interpret results from experimental techniques in genomics. This web-based application integrates different sources of information to finding groups of genes with similar biological meaning. This process, known as enrichment analysis, is essential in the interpretation of high-throughput experiments. The frequent feedbacks and the natural evolution of genomics and bioinformatics have allowed the growth of the tool and the development of this third release. In this version, a special effort has been made to remove noisy and redundant output from the enrichment results with the inclusion of a recently reported algorithm that summarizes significantly enriched terms and generates functionally coherent modules of genes and terms. A new comparative analysis has been added to allow the differential analysis of gene sets. To expand the scope of the application, new sources of biological information have been included, such as genetic diseases, drugs-genes interactions and Pubmed information among others. Finally, the graphic section has been renewed with the inclusion of new interactive graphics and filtering options. The application is freely available at http://genecodis.cnb.csic.es.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tabas-Madrid
- Functional Bioinformatics Group, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Benzo[a]pyrene and tumor necrosis factor-α coordinately increase genotoxic damage and the production of proinflammatory mediators in alveolar epithelial type II cells. Toxicol Lett 2011; 206:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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