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Zhan F, Song W, Fan Y, Wang F, Wang Q. Cucurbitacin E Alleviates Colonic Barrier Function Impairment and Inflammation Response and Improves Microbial Composition on Experimental Colitis Models. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2745-2756. [PMID: 38737108 PMCID: PMC11086439 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s456353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cucurbitacins, which are found in a variety of medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits, were known for their diverse pharmacological and biological activities, including anticancer, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Cucurbitacin E, one of the major cucurbitacins, was recently proved to inhibit inflammatory response. Methods To explore the therapeutic effects of cucurbitacin E on colitis and the underlying mechanisms, male mice drunk water containing 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to establish colitis model and administrated with cucurbitacin E during and after DSS treatment. The disease activity index was scored and colonic histological damage was observed. Intestinal tight junction and inflammatory response were determined. 16S rRNA and transcriptome sequencing were performed to analyze gut microbiota composition and gene expression, respectively. Results We found that cucurbitacin E alleviated DSS-induced body weight loss and impaired colonic morphology. Cucurbitacin E decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis, and maintained barrier function. Additionally, cucurbitacin E retrieved DSS-induced alterations in the bacterial community composition. Furthermore, a variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by cucurbitacin E were enriched in several pathways including the NFκB and TNF signaling pathways as well as in Th17 cell differentiation. There was a close relationship between DEGs and bacteria such as Escherichia-Shigella and Muribaculaceae. Conclusion Our results revealed that cucurbitacin E may exert protective effects on colitis via modulating inflammatory response, microbiota composition and host gene expression. Our study supports the therapeutic potential of cucurbitacin E in colitis and indicates that gut microbes are potentially therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Fan
- Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangjian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, 266035, People’s Republic of China
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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Faraji F, Kooshki L, Webber K, Bishayee A. Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by natural compounds: a comprehensive and critical review. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:501-574. [PMID: 37792223 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells employ multiple signaling mediators to escape the hypoxic condition and trigger angiogenesis and metastasis. As a critical orchestrate of tumorigenic conditions, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is responsible for stimulating several target genes and dysregulated pathways in tumor invasion and migration. Therefore, targeting HIF-1 pathway and cross-talked mediators seems to be a novel strategy in cancer prevention and treatment. In recent decades, tremendous efforts have been made to develop multi-targeted therapies to modulate several dysregulated pathways in cancer angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. In this line, natural compounds have shown a bright future in combating angiogenic and metastatic conditions. Among the natural secondary metabolites, we have evaluated the critical potential of phenolic compounds, terpenes/terpenoids, alkaloids, sulfur compounds, marine- and microbe-derived agents in the attenuation of HIF-1, and interconnected pathways in fighting tumor-associated angiogenesis and invasion. This is the first comprehensive review on natural constituents as potential regulators of HIF-1 and interconnected pathways against cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. This review aims to reshape the previous strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Khan F, Pandey P, Verma M, Upadhyay TK. Terpenoid-Mediated Targeting of STAT3 Signaling in Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical Studies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:200. [PMID: 38397437 PMCID: PMC10886526 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become one of the most multifaceted and widespread illnesses affecting human health, causing substantial mortality at an alarming rate. After cardiovascular problems, the condition has a high occurrence rate and ranks second in terms of mortality. The development of new drugs has been facilitated by increased research and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind the emergence and advancement of the disease. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have repeatedly demonstrated the protective effects of natural terpenoids against a range of malignancies. Numerous potential bioactive terpenoids have been investigated in natural sources for their chemopreventive and chemoprotective properties. In practically all body cells, the signaling molecule referred to as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is widely expressed. Numerous studies have demonstrated that STAT3 regulates its downstream target genes, including Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cyclin D1, c-Myc, and survivin, to promote the growth of cells, differentiation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and immune suppression in addition to chemotherapy resistance. Researchers viewed STAT3 as a primary target for cancer therapy because of its crucial involvement in cancer formation. This therapy primarily focuses on directly and indirectly preventing the expression of STAT3 in tumor cells. By explicitly targeting STAT3 in both in vitro and in vivo settings, it has been possible to explain the protective effect of terpenoids against malignant cells. In this study, we provide a complete overview of STAT3 signal transduction processes, the involvement of STAT3 in carcinogenesis, and mechanisms related to STAT3 persistent activation. The article also thoroughly summarizes the inhibition of STAT3 signaling by certain terpenoid phytochemicals, which have demonstrated strong efficacy in several preclinical cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India;
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
- Department of Chemistry, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India;
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Li Y, Li Y, Yao Y, Li H, Gao C, Sun C, Zhuang J. Potential of cucurbitacin as an anticancer drug. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115707. [PMID: 37862969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, the Cucurbitaceae family contains many compounds known as cucurbitacins, which have been categorized into 12 classes ranging from A to T and more than 200 derivatives. Cucurbitacins are a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids with potent anticancer properties. The eight components of cucurbitacins with the strongest anticancer activity are cucurbitacins B, D, E, I, IIa, L-glucoside, Q, and R. Cucurbitacins have also been reported to suppress JAK-STAT 3, mTOR, VEGFR, Wnt/β-catenin, and MAPK signaling pathways, all of which are crucial for the survival and demise of cancer cells. In this paper, we review the progress in research on cucurbitacin-induced apoptosis, autophagy, cytoskeleton disruption, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell proliferation, inhibition of invasion and migration, inhibition of angiogenesis, epigenetic alterations, and synergistic anticancer effects in tumor cells. Recent studies have identified cucurbitacins as promising molecules for therapeutic innovation with broad versatility in immune response. Thus, cucurbitacin is a promising class of anticancer agents that can be used alone or in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of many types of cancer.Therefore, based on the research reports in the past five years at home and abroad, we further summarize and review the structural characteristics, chemical and biological activities, and studies of cucurbitacins based on the previous studies to provide a reference for further development and utilization of cucurbitacins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yan Yao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chundi Gao
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- College of Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang 261000, China.
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Xi Y, Wen R, Zhang R, Dong Q, Hou S, Zhang S. Genetic evidence supporting a causal role of Janus kinase 2 in prostate cancer: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging Male 2023; 26:2257300. [PMID: 37706641 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2023.2257300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) inhibitors are now being tried in basic research and clinical practice in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the causal relationship between JAK2 and PCa has not been uniformly described. Here, we examined the cause-effect relation between JAK2 and PCa. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of genetic variation data of JAK2, PCa from IEU OpenGWAS Project was performed by inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median. Cochran's Q heterogeneity test and MR-Egger multiplicity analysis were performed to normalize the MR analysis results to reduce the effect of bias on the results. RESULTS Five instrumental variables were identified for further MR analysis. Specifically, combining the inverse variance-weighted (OR: 1.0009, 95% CI: 1.0001-1.0015, p = 0.02) and weighted median (OR: 1.0009, 95% CI: 1.0000-1.0017, p = 0.03). Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no heterogeneity (p = 0.448) and horizontal multiplicity (p = 0.770) among the instrumental variables. CONCLUSIONS We found JAK2 was associated with the development of PCa and was a risk factor for PCa, which might be instructive for the use of JAK2 inhibitors in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Xi
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Rui Wen
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Qirui Dong
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Sijia Hou
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shengxiao Zhang
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rheumatism Immune Microecology, Taiyuan, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, PR China
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Yu N, Li T, Qiu Z, Xu J, Li Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Li Z, Long X, Zhang H. Wip1 regulates wound healing by affecting activities of keratinocytes and endothelial cells through ATM-p53 and mTOR signaling. Burns 2023; 49:1969-1982. [PMID: 37357059 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a p53-regulated gene, Wip1 regulates proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and senescence of several type cells, but its biological functions in keratinocytes and endothelial cells which are involved wound healing are not fully understood. This study aims to reveal the function and underlying mechanism of Wip1 in wound healing using models of transgenic animal, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. METHODS Using Wip1 knockout C57 BL/6 mice, we investigated effect of Wip1 deficiency on wound healing and angiogenesis; And using HaCaT and HUVEC as keratinocytes and endothelial cells, combined using primary keratinocytes from Wip1 knockout mice, we studied the effects of Wip1 knockdown/knockout or overexpression on proliferation, migration, and protein expressions of signaling components in ATM-p53 and mTOR pathway. RESULTS Wip1 deficiency in mice impaired the wound repair and endothelial angiogenesis, reduced the thickness of granulation tissue, and decreased the number of Ki67-positive cells and CD31 positive vessels in granulation tissue. Knockdown of Wip1 by shRNAs suppressed the proliferation and migration of HaCaT and HUVEC cells and induced notably apoptosis in the two cells. In western blot, Wip1 knockdown enriched p53 and ATM proteins, while decreased activated AKT, mTOR and activated S6 ribosomal protein (pS6) levels in HaCaT and HUVEC cells. Ectopic expression of Wip1 decreased the p53 and ATM proteins, while increased activated AKT, mTOR and pS6 levels in HaCaT and HUVEC cells. And in primary keratinocytes from mice tail skin, Wip1 knockout increased p53 and ATM, while decreased activated AKT, mTOR and pS6 protein levels. CONCLUSION Our study directly supports that Wip1 regulated skin wound healing possibly by affecting bioactivities including proliferation, migration and apoptosis of keratinocytes and endothelial cells at least through by modulating ATM-p53 and mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanze Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zikai Qiu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhujun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Hsu HL, Lin BJ, Lin YC, Tu CC, Nguyen NL, Wang CC, Chen MC, Chen CH. Cucurbitacin E Exerts Anti-Proliferative Activity via Promoting p62-Dependent Apoptosis in Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer A549 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8138-8151. [PMID: 37886957 PMCID: PMC10605876 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the first-line treatment for advanced EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, NSCLC patients with wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation are ineligible for EGFR-TKIs. Therefore, the discovery of new therapeutic agents is urgently needed for NSCLC patients who cannot receive targeted therapies. Natural products possess tremendous chemical diversity and have been extensively investigated for their anticancer activity. In this study, we found that Cucurbitacin E (Cu E), a triterpene of cucurbitacins widely presented in the edible plants of the Cucurbitaceae family, significantly inhibits the viability and proliferation of A549 cells that harbor wild-type EGFR and KRAS mutation. Our results revealed that Cu E increases cell-cycle arrest at G2/M and subG1 phase. Mechanistically, Cu E significantly inhibits the phosphorylation and protein levels of regulatory proteins and hinders G2/M cell-cycle progression. Meanwhile, the treatment of Cu E resulted in DNA damage response and apoptosis. For the first time, we observed that Cu E induces incomplete autophagy as evidenced by increased LC3B-II expression and p62-accumulation. Knockdown of p62 rescued the cells from Cu E-mediated anti-proliferative effect, apoptosis, DNA damage, and ROS production. These findings suggest that Cu E is a promising drug candidate for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jyun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Nham-Linh Nguyen
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Ching-Chiung Wang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research, Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Gunda V, Ghosh C, Hu J, Zhang L, Zhang YQ, Shen M, Kebebew E. Combination BRAFV600E Inhibition with the Multitargeting Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Axitinib Shows Additive Anticancer Activity in BRAFV600E-Mutant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2023; 33:1201-1214. [PMID: 37675898 PMCID: PMC10625471 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is uniformly lethal. BRAFV600E mutation is present in 45% of patients with ATC. Targeted therapy with combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC can be effective, but acquired resistance is common because this combination targets the same pathway. Drug matrix screening, in BRAFV600E ATC cells, of highly active compounds in combination with BRAF inhibition showed multitargeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (MTKIs) had the highest synergistic/additive activity. Thus, we hypothesized that the combination of BRAFV600E inhibition and an MTKI is more effective than a single drug or combined BRAF and MEK inhibition in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC. We evaluated the effect of BRAFV600E inhibitors in combination with the MTKI axitinib and its mechanism(s) of action. Methods: We evaluated the effects of BRAFV600E inhibitors and axitinib alone and in combination in in vitro and in vivo models of BRAFV600E-mutant and wild-type ATC. Results: The combination of axitinib and BRAFV600E inhibitors (dabrafenib and PLX4720) showed an additive effect on inhibiting cell proliferation based on the Chou-Talalay algorithm in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC cell lines. This combination also significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration (p < 0.001) compared with the control. Dabrafenib and PLX4720 arrested ATC cells in the G0/G1 phase. Axitinib arrested ATC cells in the G2/M phase by decreasing phosphorylation of aurora kinase B (Thr232) and histone H3 (Ser10) proteins and by upregulating the c-JUN signaling pathway. The combination of BRAF inhibition and axitinib significantly inhibited tumor growth and was associated with improved survival in an orthotopic ATC model. Conclusions: The novel combination of axitinib and BRAFV600E inhibition enhanced anticancer activity in in vitro and in vivo models of BRAFV600E-mutant ATC. This combination may have clinical utility in BRAFV600E-mutant ATC that is refractory to current standard therapy, namely combined BRAF and MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Gunda
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Chandrayee Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lisa Zhang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Üremiş MM, Üremiş N, Türköz Y. Cucurbitacin E shows synergistic effect with sorafenib by inducing apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and regulates Jak/Stat3, ERK/MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Steroids 2023; 198:109261. [PMID: 37355001 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cucurbitacin E (CuE), a natural compound found in medicinal plants such as Ecballium Elaterium, has demonstrated antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in various cancer cell types due to its tetracyclic triterpenoid structure. Sorafenib, a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is commonly used in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of CuE alone and in combination with sorafenib on HepG2 cells. METHODS CuE was extracted from Ecballium Elaterium fruit juice and quantitatively evaluated using HPLC. The effect of sorafenib and CuE on cell growth inhibition was determined using the MTT test. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry. Mitochondrial damage was evaluated with ΔΨm, and DNA damage was assessed using the comet assay. The expression of Jak2/Stat3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK, and Bcl-2 family-related genes and proteins were analyzed using western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Both CuE (0.1-5 µM) and sorafenib (0.5-10 µM) exhibited dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against the HepG2 cell line. Both compounds induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells and halted the cell cycle in the G2/M phase while causing mitochondrial and DNA damage. Both compounds down-regulated Jak2/Stat3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK signaling pathway proteins, and Bcl-xL levels, while up-regulated Caspase-9 and Bax protein levels. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that CuE alone or in combination with sorafenib has the potential to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of HCC by inducing apoptosis and regulating multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Mehdi Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Nuray Üremiş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Türköz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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10
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Tang H, Kuang Y, Wu W, Peng B, Fu Q. Quercetin inhibits the metabolism of arachidonic acid by inhibiting the activity of CYP3A4, thereby inhibiting the progression of breast cancer. Mol Med 2023; 29:127. [PMID: 37710176 PMCID: PMC10502985 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have witnessed impressive growth in applying natural medicine in tumor treatment. Saffron is reported to elicit an inhibitory property against BC. Herein, we sought to explore the specific components and mechanistic basis of saffron's anti-breast carcinoma (BC) function. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was employed to analyze saffron components' anti-BC activity and screen the corresponding target genes involved in BC. Then, the roles of the main saffron ingredient quercetin in the activity of BC cells were examined using CCK-8, MTS, flow cytometry, colony formation, Transwell, and Gelatin zymogram assays. Additionally, the interactions among Quercetin, EET, and Stat3 were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blot, and LC-MS/MS determined the levels of AA, EETs, and CYP3A. Finally, BC xenograft mouse models were established to verify the anti-BC function of Quercetin in vivo. RESULTS Quercetin, the main active component of saffron, inhibited BC progression. Quercetin suppressed BC cell growth, migration, and invasion and inhibited CYP3A4 expression and activity in BC. Mechanistically, Quercetin down-regulated CYP3A4 to block the nuclear translocation of Stat3 by decreasing the metabolization of AA to EETs, thereby alleviating BC. Moreover, exogenously added EETs counteracted the anti-tumor effect of Quercetin on BC. Quercetin also inhibited the tumor growth of tumor-bearing nude mice. CONCLUSION Quercetin could inhibit the activity of CYP3A to down-regulate AA metabolites EETs, consequently hampering p-Stat3 and nuclear translocation, thus impeding BC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaming Tang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanli Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Kaizhou District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Chongqing Kaizhou District People's Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Peng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Wuhou District, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qianmei Fu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Kaizhou District People's Hospital, No. 8, Ankang Road, Hanfeng Street, Kaizhou District, Chongqing, 400700, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Kumar A, Sharma B, Sharma U, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Rani I, Ramniwas S, Kaur S, Haque S, Tuli HS. Apoptotic and antimetastatic effect of cucurbitacins in cancer: recent trends and advancement. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1867-1878. [PMID: 37010571 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family produces a class of secondary metabolites known as cucurbitacins. The eight cucurbitacin subunits are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R with the most significant anticancer activity. They are reported to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; induce apoptosis; and encourage cell cycle arrest, as some of their modes of action. The JAK-STAT3, Wnt, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, which are essential for the survival and apoptosis of cancer cells, have also been shown to be suppressed by cucurbitacins. The goal of the current study is to summarize potential molecular targets that cucurbitacins could inhibit in order to suppress various malignant processes. The review is noteworthy since it presents all putative molecular targets for cucurbitacins in cancer on a single podium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase VIII, Mohali, 160071, India
| | - Bunty Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University Vadodara, Gujrat, 391410, India
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, maharishi markendashwar college of medical sciences and Research (MMCMSR), Sadopur, Ambala, 134007, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
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12
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Standing D, Feess E, Kodiyalam S, Kuehn M, Hamel Z, Johnson J, Thomas SM, Anant S. The Role of STATs in Ovarian Cancer: Exploring Their Potential for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092485. [PMID: 37173951 PMCID: PMC10177275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a deadly gynecologic malignancy that presents many clinical challenges due to late-stage diagnoses and the development of acquired resistance to standard-of-care treatment protocols. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that STATs may play a critical role in OvCa progression, resistance, and disease recurrence, and thus we sought to compile a comprehensive review to summarize the current state of knowledge on the topic. We have examined peer reviewed literature to delineate the role of STATs in both cancer cells and cells within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to summarizing the current knowledge of STAT biology in OvCa, we have also examined the capacity of small molecule inhibitor development to target specific STATs and progress toward clinical applications. From our research, the best studied and targeted factors are STAT3 and STAT5, which has resulted in the development of several inhibitors that are under current evaluation in clinical trials. There remain gaps in understanding the role of STAT1, STAT2, STAT4, and STAT6, due to limited reports in the current literature; as such, further studies to establish their implications in OvCa are necessitated. Moreover, due to the deficiency in our understanding of these STATs, selective inhibitors also remain elusive, and therefore present opportunities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Standing
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Emma Feess
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Satvik Kodiyalam
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Michael Kuehn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Zachary Hamel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Jaimie Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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13
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Tuli HS, Rath P, Chauhan A, Ranjan A, Ramniwas S, Sak K, Aggarwal D, Kumar M, Dhama K, Lee EHC, Yap KCY, Capinpin SM, Kumar AP. Cucurbitacins as Potent Chemo-Preventive Agents: Mechanistic Insight and Recent Trends. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010057. [PMID: 36671442 PMCID: PMC9855938 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins constitute a group of cucumber-derived dietary lipids, highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids, with potential medical uses. These compounds are known to interact with a variety of recognized cellular targets to impede the growth of cancer cells. Accumulating evidence has suggested that inhibition of tumor cell growth via induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, anti-metastasis and anti-angiogenesis are major promising chemo-preventive actions of cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacins may be a potential choice for investigations of synergism with other drugs to reverse cancer cells' treatment resistance. The detailed molecular mechanisms underlying these effects include interactions between cucurbitacins and numerous cellular targets (Bcl-2/Bax, caspases, STAT3, cyclins, NF-κB, COX-2, MMP-9, VEGF/R, etc.) as well as control of a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways. The current study is focused on the efforts undertaken to find possible molecular targets for cucurbitacins in suppressing diverse malignant processes. The review is distinctive since it presents all potential molecular targets of cucurbitacins in cancer on one common podium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, India
- Correspondence: (H.S.T.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Prangya Rath
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and Management, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Anuj Ranjan
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
| | | | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala 133207, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University Sadopur, Ambala 134007, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Chun-Yong Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Sharah Mae Capinpin
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: (H.S.T.); (A.P.K.)
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14
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Patel A, Rasheed A, Reilly I, Pareek Z, Hansen M, Haque Z, Simon-Fajardo D, Davies C, Tummala A, Reinhardt K, Bustabad A, Shaw M, Robins J, Vera Gomez K, Suphakorn T, Camacho Gemelgo M, Law A, Lin K, Hospedales E, Haley H, Perez Martinez JP, Khan S, DeCanio J, Padgett M, Abramov A, Nanjundan M. Modulation of Cytoskeleton, Protein Trafficking, and Signaling Pathways by Metabolites from Cucurbitaceae, Ericaceae, and Rosaceae Plant Families. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1380. [PMID: 36355554 PMCID: PMC9698530 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One promising frontier within the field of Medical Botany is the study of the bioactivity of plant metabolites on human health. Although plant metabolites are metabolic byproducts that commonly regulate ecological interactions and biochemical processes in plant species, such metabolites also elicit profound effects on the cellular processes of human and other mammalian cells. In this regard, due to their potential as therapeutic agents for a variety of human diseases and induction of toxic cellular responses, further research advances are direly needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms induced by these agents. Herein, we focus our investigation on metabolites from the Cucurbitaceae, Ericaceae, and Rosaceae plant families, for which several plant species are found within the state of Florida in Hillsborough County. Specifically, we compare the molecular mechanisms by which metabolites and/or plant extracts from these plant families modulate the cytoskeleton, protein trafficking, and cell signaling to mediate functional outcomes, as well as a discussion of current gaps in knowledge. Our efforts to lay the molecular groundwork in this broad manner hold promise in supporting future research efforts in pharmacology and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meera Nanjundan
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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15
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Kugeratski FG, Santi A, Zanivan S. Extracellular vesicles as central regulators of blood vessel function in cancer. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eaaz4742. [PMID: 36166511 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaz4742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels deliver oxygen and nutrients that sustain tumor growth and enable the dissemination of cancer cells to distant sites and the recruitment of intratumoral immune cells. In addition, the structural and functional abnormalities of the tumor vasculature foster the development of an aggressive tumor microenvironment and impair the efficacy of existing cancer therapies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major players of tumor progression, and a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that EVs derived from cancer cells trigger multiple responses in endothelial cells that alter blood vessel function in tumors. EV-mediated signaling in endothelial cells can occur through the transfer of functional cargos such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, cirRNAs, and proteins. Moreover, membrane-bound proteins in EVs can elicit receptor-mediated signaling in endothelial cells. Together, these mechanisms reprogram endothelial cells and contribute to the sustained exacerbated angiogenic signaling typical of tumors, which, in turn, influences cancer progression. Targeting these angiogenesis-promoting EV-dependent mechanisms may offer additional strategies to normalize tumor vasculature. Here, we discuss the current knowledge pertaining to the contribution of cancer cell-derived EVs in mechanisms regulating blood vessel functions in tumors. Moreover, we discuss the translational opportunities in targeting the dysfunctional tumor vasculature using EVs and highlight the open questions in the field of EV biology that can be addressed using mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda G Kugeratski
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Alice Santi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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16
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Zhang T, Li S, Li J, Yin F, Hua Y, Wang Z, Wang H, Zuo D, Xu J, Cai Z. Pectolinarigenin acts as a potential anti-osteosarcoma agent via mediating SHP-1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113323. [PMID: 35752008 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays essential roles in cancer progression and has been considered as a promising target for cancer therapy. Here, we used a dual luciferase assay to identify that pectolinarigenin inhibited STAT3 transcriptional activity. Further, results showed pectolinarigenin inhibited constitutive and IL6 induced STAT3 signaling, diminished the accumulation of STAT3 in the nucleus, dimerization and blocked STAT3 DNA binding activity. Mechanism investigations indicated that pectolinarigenin disturbed the STAT3/DNMT1/HDAC1 complex formation in the promoter region of SHP-1, which reversely mediates STAT3 signaling, leading to the upregulation of SHP-1 expression in osteosarcoma. We also found pectolinarigenin significantly suppressed osteosarcoma growth, induced apoptosis. In addition, pectolinarigenin blocked tumor cells migration, invasion and reserved EMT phenotype. In spontaneous tibial injection and patient-derived xenograft models of osteosarcoma, we identified administration (i.p.) of pectolinarigenin (20 mg/kg/2 days and 50 mg/kg/2 days) blocked STAT3 activation and disturbed tumor growth and metastasis with superior pharmacodynamic properties. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that pectolinarigenin may be a candidate for osteosarcoma intervention linked to its STAT3 signaling inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
| | - Suoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China; Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjie Li
- Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institution, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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17
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STAT3 in medulloblastoma: a key transcriptional regulator and potential therapeutic target. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10635-10652. [PMID: 35716286 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood accounting for about 60% of all pediatric embryonal tumors. Despite improvements in the overall survival rate, this tumor still lacks an efficient, reliable, and less toxic therapeutic approach. Characterization of the molecular mechanisms involved in medulloblastoma initiation and progression is a crucial step for the development of effective therapies. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is a convergence point for several signaling cascades that are implicated in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis. Accumulated evidence has revealed the pivotal role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in medulloblastoma pathogenesis such as proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression as well as maintenance, drug resistance, and recurrence. In this review, we focus on the role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and discuss the recent advances of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibition as a promising developed strategy for medulloblastoma therapy.
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18
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Liu WB, Wang HL, Chen L, Tang B, Ke G, Wang S, Sun YQ, Ma J, Lyu DL. Cucurbitacin E inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in melanoma by suppressing HSDL2 expression. Chin Med 2022; 17:28. [PMID: 35193614 PMCID: PMC8862504 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is among the most aggressive types of skin malignancy and can have an unpredictable clinical course. Exploration of novel therapeutic targets and their regulators remains essential for the prevention and treatment of melanoma. METHODS HSDL2 protein levels were examined by immunohistochemistry. The roles of HSDL2 in cell proliferation and apoptosis were identified by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The function of HSDL2 in cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry. Western blotting, cell proliferation and apoptosis and a xenograft tumour model were utilized to explore the inhibitory functions and mechanisms of CuE in melanoma. RESULTS HSDL2 is overexpressed in melanoma and promotes melanoma progression by activating the ERK and AKT pathways. CuE could inhibit the ERK and AKT pathways by decreasing HSDL2 expression; therefore, CuE could inhibit melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION HSDL2 may be a promising therapeutic target against melanoma, and CuE can inhibit melanoma by downregulating HSDL2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bei Liu
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - He-Li Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Biao Tang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Guolin Ke
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yin-Qiao Sun
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Junting Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Da-Lun Lyu
- Department of Dermato-Venerology and Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
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19
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Kanani SH, Pandya DJ. Cucurbitacins: Nature’s Wonder Molecules. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083808666220107104220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Over the past decades, several natural constituents belonging to different classes have been isolated from plants for medicinal purposes. Cucurbitacins is one such type of natural compound. Cucurbitacin is any of a class of biochemical compounds that some plants notably members of the pumpkin and gourd family, Cucurbitaceae produce and which function as a defense against herbivores. They and their derivatives have been found in many plant families (including Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Begoniaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Datiscaceae, Desfontainiaceae, Polemoniaceae, Primulaceae, Rubiaceae, Sterculiaceae, Rosaceae, and Thymelaeaceae), in some mushrooms (including Russula and Hebeloma) and even in some marine mollusks. They have been isolated from various plant species, chiefly belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family which comprises around 130 genera and 800 species. Cucurbitacins are a group of tetracyclic triterpenoid substances that are highly oxygenated and contain a cucurbitane skeleton characterized by 9β-methyl−19-norlanosta-5-ene. Cucurbitacins can be categorized into twelve main groups according to variations in their side-chains. Cucurbitacins A, B, C, D, E, F, I, J, K, L, O, P, Q, R, S, and their glycosides are mainly found in Cucurbitaceae family members. These plants have been used as folk medicines in some countries because of their broad spectrum of crucial pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. The present review explores the possibility of a correlation between the chemistry of various Cucurbitacins and the uses of the plants which contain them, thereby opening avenues for further phytochemical, ethnomedicinal, and modern pharmacological research on these important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal H. Kanani
- RK University, Rajkot, Gujarat; Faculty of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat
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Park KH, Joo SH, Seo JH, Kim J, Yoon G, Jeon YJ, Lee MH, Chae JI, Kim WK, Shim JH. Licochalcone H Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Skin Cancer Cells by Modulating JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:72-79. [PMID: 34873073 PMCID: PMC8724845 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone H (LCH) is a phenolic compound synthetically derived from licochalcone C (LCC) that exerts anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of LCH in human skin cancer A375 and A431 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) cell viability assay was used to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of LCH. Cell cycle distribution and the induction of apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting assays were performed to detect the levels of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. LCH inhibited the growth of cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The annexin V/propidium iodide double staining assay revealed that LCH induced apoptosis, and the LCH-induced apoptosis was accompanied by cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 was decreased by treatment with LCH. The inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by pharmacological inhibitors against JAK2/STAT3 (cryptotanshinone (CTS) and S3I-201) simulated the antiproliferative effect of LCH suggesting that LCH induced apoptosis by modulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ho Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jumi Kim
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeon
- Stem Cell Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Keun Kim
- Biosystem Research Group, Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554, Republic of Korea.,The China -US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
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21
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Bhardwaj A, Sharma A, Cooper R, Bhardwaj G, Gaba J, Mutreja V, Chauhan A. A comprehensive phytochemical, ethnomedicinal, pharmacological ecology and conservation status of Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.: An endangered Himalayan medicinal plant. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Effects of a Chlorogenic Acid-Containing Herbal Medicine (LAS NB) on Colon Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9923467. [PMID: 34462643 PMCID: PMC8403046 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Plant polyphenols, which contain phenolic acids such as chlorogenic acid (CGA), can be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer and have gained increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we explored a novel CGA-containing herbal medicine named LASNB, which was extracted from Lonicera japonica Thunb., Agrimonia eupatoria L., and Scutellaria barbata D.Don. Methods CGA in LASNB was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biological functions and molecular mechanisms of LASNB were investigated in colon cancer cell lines (HCT116, HCT15, and CT26), a normal colon cell line (NCM460), and a CT26 xenograft model. To assess safety, hematological toxicity and pathology of the liver, kidney, and lung were evaluated. Results LASNB suppressed HCT116, HCT15, and CT26 colon cancer progression by inhibiting proliferation capacity, promoting cell apoptosis, and suppressing cell migration both in vitro and in vivo. Investigation into the underlying molecular mechanism indicated that LASNB suppressed the activation of receptor tyrosine kinase- (RTK-) MEK-ERK and NF-κB pathways. With regard to safety, slight interstitial vascular congestion in the lung was observed, but no severe pathological or hematological toxicity was detected. Conclusions We found that LASNB suppressed the progression of colon cancer via the RTK-MEK-ERK and NF-κB pathways, with no severe toxicity observed. Therefore, LASNB has the potential to be used as a supplementary herbal medicine for the treatment of colon cancer.
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23
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Vecchi L, Araújo TG, Azevedo FVPDV, Mota STS, Ávila VDMR, Ribeiro MA, Goulart LR. Phospholipase A 2 Drives Tumorigenesis and Cancer Aggressiveness through Its Interaction with Annexin A1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061472. [PMID: 34208346 PMCID: PMC8231270 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipids are suggested to drive tumorigenesis through their essential role in inflammation. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a phospholipid metabolizing enzyme that releases free fatty acids, mostly arachidonic acid, and lysophospholipids, which contribute to the development of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting immune evasion, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and invasiveness. The mechanisms mediated by PLA2 are not fully understood, especially because an important inhibitory molecule, Annexin A1, is present in the TME but does not exert its action. Here, we will discuss how Annexin A1 in cancer does not inhibit PLA2 leading to both pro-inflammatory and pro-tumoral signaling pathways. Moreover, Annexin A1 promotes the release of cancer-derived exosomes, which also lead to the enrichment of PLA2 and COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, contributing to TME formation. In this review, we aim to describe the role of PLA2 in the establishment of TME, focusing on cancer-derived exosomes, and modulatory activities of Annexin A1. Unraveling how these proteins interact in the cancer context can reveal new strategies for the treatment of different tumors. We will also describe the possible strategies to inhibit PLA2 and the approaches that could be used in order to resume the anti-PLA2 function of Annexin A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
| | - Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil;
| | | | - Sara Teixeria Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Animal Toxins, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Matheus Alves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (L.V.); (T.G.A.); (F.V.P.d.V.A.); (S.T.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-3432258440
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24
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Yun W, Dan W, Liu J, Guo X, Li M, He Q. Investigation of the Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Angiogenesis through Network Pharmacology and Data Mining. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5539970. [PMID: 34007289 PMCID: PMC8102115 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5539970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although traditional Chinese medicine is effective and safe for the treatment of angiogenesis, the in vivo intervention mechanism is diverse, complex, and largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to explore the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and their mechanisms of action against angiogenesis. Data on angiogenesis-related targets were collected from GeneCards, Therapeutic Target Database, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, DrugBank, and DisGeNET. These were matched to related molecular compounds and ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine system pharmacology platform. The data were integrated and based on the condition of degree > 1, and relevant literature, target-compound, compound-medicine, and target-compound-medicine networks were constructed using Cytoscape. Molecular docking was used to predict the predominant binding combination of core targets and components. We obtained 79 targets for angiogenesis; 41 targets were matched to 3839 compounds, of which 110 compounds were selected owing to their high correlation with angiogenesis. Fifty-five combinations in the network were obtained by molecular docking, among which PTGS2-astragalin (-9.18 kcal/mol), KDR-astragalin (-7.94 kcal/mol), PTGS2-quercetin (-7.41 kcal/mol), and PTGS2-myricetin (-7.21 kcal/mol) were top. These results indicated that the selected potential core compounds have good binding activity with the core targets. Eighty new combinations were obtained from the network, and the top combinations based on affinity were KDR-beta-carotene (-10.13 kcal/mol), MMP9-beta-sitosterol (-8.04 kcal/mol), MMP9-astragalin (-7.82 kcal/mol), and MMP9-diosgenin (-7.51 kcal/mol). The core targets included PTGS2, KDR, VEGFA, and MMP9. The essential components identified were astragalin, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and β-sitosterol. The crucial Chinese medicines identified included Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix, Morus alba Root Bark, and Forsythiae Fructus. By systematically analysing the ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine and their targets, it is possible to determine their potential mechanisms of action against pathological angiogenesis. Our study provides a basis for further research and the development of new therapeutics for angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wingyan Yun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenchao Dan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xinyuan Guo
- Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Min Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qingyong He
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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25
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Abstract
Cucurbitacins (CUCUs) are triterpenoids known to display potent cytotoxic effects; however, their clinical application is limited due to poor pharmacokinetics and systemic toxicity. This work focuses on the development of c(RGDyK)-CUCU conjugates for the selective delivery of CUCUs to integrin-overexpressing cancer cells. The activity of the conjugates against various cancer cells was studied. They exhibited a mild cytostatic effect to six cancer cell lines and a cytotoxic effect against integrin-overexpressing MCF-7 and A549 cells. Their chemical and metabolic stability was extensively studied using LC-MS analysis. The conjugates maintained high affinity for αvβ3 integrin receptors. c(RGDyK) conjugation via a PEG linker was beneficial for CUCU-D and the resulting conjugate was approximately three-times more active than the free CUCU-D in MCF7 cells.
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26
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Haque A, Brazeau D, Amin AR. Perspectives on natural compounds in chemoprevention and treatment of cancer: an update with new promising compounds. Eur J Cancer 2021; 149:165-183. [PMID: 33865202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second deadliest disease worldwide. Although recent advances applying precision treatments with targeted (molecular and immune) agents are promising, the histological and molecular heterogeneity of cancer cells and huge mutational burdens (intrinsic or acquired after therapy) leading to drug resistance and treatment failure are posing continuous challenges. These recent advances do not negate the need for alternative approaches such as chemoprevention, the pharmacological approach to reverse, suppress or prevent the initial phases of carcinogenesis or the progression of premalignant cells to invasive disease by using non-toxic agents. Although data are limited, the success of several clinical trials in preventing cancer in high-risk populations suggests that chemoprevention is a rational, appealing and viable strategy to prevent carcinogenesis. Particularly among higher-risk groups, the use of safe, non-toxic agents is the utmost consideration because these individuals have not yet developed invasive disease. Natural dietary compounds present in fruits, vegetables and spices are especially attractive for chemoprevention and treatment because of their easy availability, high margin of safety, relatively low cost and widespread human consumption. Hundreds of such compounds have been widely investigated for chemoprevention and treatment in the last few decades. Previously, we reviewed the most widely studied natural compounds and their molecular mechanisms, which were highly exploited by the cancer research community. In the time since our initial review, many promising new compounds have been identified. In this review, we critically review these promising new natural compounds, their molecular targets and mechanisms of anticancer activity that may create novel opportunities for further design and conduct of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedul Haque
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Brazeau
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Administration and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Arm R Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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27
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Zeng Y, Wang J, Huang Q, Ren Y, Li T, Zhang X, Yao R, Sun J. Cucurbitacin IIa: A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4155-4170. [PMID: 33724593 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin IIa was first found in plants and it belongs to tetracyclo triterpenoids. It is one of the most important active components in cucurbitaceae plants. Studies have found that cucurbitacin IIa has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antihepatitis B virus, inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication, and antidepressant effect. However, the underlying mechanisms, intracellular targets, and structure-activity relationships of cucurbitacin IIa remain to be completely elucidated. This review summarizes the current advances concerning the phytochemistry and pharmacology of cucurbitacin IIa. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and CNKI were used to find relevant information about cucurbitacin IIa using keywords such as "Cucurbitacin IIa," "Pharmacology," and "Phytochemistry." These pharmacological effects involve the actin cytoskeleton aggregation, the regulation of JAK2/STAT3, ERBB-MAPK, CaMKII α/CREB/BDNF signal pathways, as well as the regulation of survivin, caspases, and other cell cycles, apoptosis, autophagy-related cytokines, and kinases. It has high development and use value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinwan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingna Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Renchuan Yao
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jianyang, China
| | - Jilin Sun
- Sichuan Fu Zheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Jianyang, China
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28
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Şoica C, Voicu M, Ghiulai R, Dehelean C, Racoviceanu R, Trandafirescu C, Roșca OJ, Nistor G, Mioc M, Mioc A. Natural Compounds in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers: The Role of Triterpenes as Therapeutic Agents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:612396. [PMID: 33552000 PMCID: PMC7859451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.612396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-dependent cancers currently contribute to the high number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The study and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of these tumors was a double-edged sword, leading to the expansion and development of new treatment options, with the cost of triggering more aggressive, therapy resistant relapses. The interaction of androgen, estrogen and progesterone hormones with specific receptors (AR, ER, PR) has emerged as a key player in the development and progression of breast, ovarian, prostate and endometrium cancers. Sex hormone-dependent cancers share a common and rather unique carcinogenesis mechanism involving the active role of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones to maintain high mitotic rates and increased cell proliferation thus increasing the probability of aberrant gene occurrence and accumulation highly correlated with abnormal cell division and the occurrence of malignant phenotypes. Cancer related hormone therapy has evolved, currently being associated with the blockade of other signaling pathways often associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression in cancers, with promising results. However, despite the established developments, there are still several shortcomings to be addressed. Triterpenes are natural occurring secondary metabolites biosynthesized by various pathways starting from squalene cyclization. Due to their versatile therapeutic potential, including the extensively researched antiproliferative effect, these compounds are most definitely a cornerstone in the research and development of new natural/semisynthetic anticancer therapies. The present work thoroughly describes the ongoing research related to the antitumor activity of triterpenes in sex hormone-dependent cancers. Also, the current review highlights both the biological activity of various triterpenoid compounds and their featured mechanisms of action correlated with important chemical structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruţa Şoica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Janina Roșca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pius Brinzeu Timisoara City Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela Nistor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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29
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. The Multifaced Role of STAT3 in Cancer and Its Implication for Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020603. [PMID: 33435349 PMCID: PMC7826746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is one of the most complex regulators of transcription. Constitutive activation of STAT3 has been reported in many types of tumors and depends on mechanisms such as hyperactivation of receptors for pro-oncogenic cytokines and growth factors, loss of negative regulation, and excessive cytokine stimulation. In contrast, somatic STAT3 mutations are less frequent in cancer. Several oncogenic targets of STAT3 have been recently identified such as c-myc, c-Jun, PLK-1, Pim1/2, Bcl-2, VEGF, bFGF, and Cten, and inhibitors of STAT3 have been developed for cancer prevention and treatment. However, despite the oncogenic role of STAT3 having been widely demonstrated, an increasing amount of data indicate that STAT3 functions are multifaced and not easy to classify. In fact, the specific cellular role of STAT3 seems to be determined by the integration of multiple signals, by the oncogenic environment, and by the alternative splicing into two distinct isoforms, STAT3α and STAT3β. On the basis of these different conditions, STAT3 can act both as a potent tumor promoter or tumor suppressor factor. This implies that the therapies based on STAT3 modulators should be performed considering the pleiotropic functions of this transcription factor and tailored to the specific tumor type.
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30
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Liang Y, Zhang T, Ren L, Jing S, Li Z, Zuo P, Li T, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wei Z. Cucurbitacin IIb induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest through regulating EGFR/MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103542. [PMID: 33161110 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered as a valid target in the clinical trials of anticancer therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of EGFR are approved for cancer treatments. In present work, cucurbitacin IIb (CuIIb) was confirmed to exhibit the proliferation inhibitory activity in A549 cells. CuIIb induced apoptosis via STAT3 pathway, which was mitochondria-mediated and caspase-dependent. CuIIb also suppressed the cell cycle and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. CuIIb was capable of suppressing the signal transmitting of the EGFR/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway which was responsible for the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) analysis demonstrated that the kinase activity of EGFR was inhibited by CuIIb. Molecular docking suggested that the CuIIb-EGFR binding fundamentally depends on the contribution of both hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Hence CuIIb may serve as a potential EGFR TKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Tiehua Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Siyuan Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Zhuolin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Peng Zuo
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Tiezhu Li
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| | - Zhengyi Wei
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China.
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31
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Zhang P, Lai X, Zhu MH, Long M, Liu XL, Wang ZX, Zhang Y, Guo RJ, Dong J, Lu Q, Sun P, Fang C, Zhao M. Saikosaponin A, a Triterpene Saponin, Suppresses Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth by Blocking VEGFR2-Mediated Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:713200. [PMID: 34776948 PMCID: PMC8588445 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.713200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin A (SSA), a main triterpenoid saponin component from Radix Bupleurum, has been revealed to have a variety of pharmacological activities. However, whether SSA can inhibit angiogenesis, a key step in solid tumor progression, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that SSA could powerfully suppress the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. SSA also significantly inhibited angiogenesis in the models of the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and Matrigel plugs. Moreover, SSA was found to inhibit tumor growth in both orthotopic 4T1 breast cancer and subcutaneous HCT-15 colorectal tumor by the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Western blot assay indicated the antiangiogenic mechanism of SSA in the suppression of the protein phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and the downstream protein kinase including PLCγ1, FAK, Src, and Akt. In summary, SSA can suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking the VEGFR2-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Lai
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Mao-Hua Zhu
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Long
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Liang Liu
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Run-Jie Guo
- Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Lu
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Tongren Hospital, SJTU-SM, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Tongren Hospital and State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Graduate School, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Exosomes: Their Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010084. [PMID: 33396739 PMCID: PMC7795854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current scientific evidence concerning the role played by exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The potential use of exosomes as delivery vectors for small-molecule therapeutic agents will be discussed. In addition, a special emphasis will be placed on the involvement of exosomes in oncological diseases, as well as to their potential therapeutic application as liquid biopsy tools mainly in cancer diagnosis. A better understanding of exosome biology could improve the results of clinical interventions using exosomes as therapeutic agents. Abstract Exosomes are lipid bilayer particles released from cells into their surrounding environment. These vesicles are mediators of near and long-distance intercellular communication and affect various aspects of cell biology. In addition to their biological function, they play an increasingly important role both in diagnosis and as therapeutic agents. In this paper, we review recent literature related to the molecular composition of exosomes, paying special attention to their role in pathogenesis, along with their application as biomarkers and as therapeutic tools. In this context, we analyze the potential use of exosomes in biomedicine, as well as the limitations that preclude their wider application.
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Yang P, Liu W, Fu R, Ding GB, Amin S, Li Z. Cucurbitacin E Chemosensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells via Mitigating TFAP4/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14148-14160. [PMID: 33205649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance and toxicity are the main obstacles that limit the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. Hence, it is urgent to identify new adjuvants that can sensitize CRC cells to conventional chemotherapeutic approaches. Cucurbitacin E (CE) is a natural triterpenoid, widely distributed in dietary plants, and shows antitumor effects. Here, we report that CE enhances the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy via attenuating the expression of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters ABCC1 and MDR1. Combined with CE-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and gene ontology analysis, we found that CE-binding proteins may involve Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To validate the findings, β-catenin was upregulated in drug-resistant cell lines, and the synergistic effects of CE and chemotherapeutics were accompanied by the downregulation of β-catenin. Moreover, TFAP4 was identified as an intracellular target of CE. Remarkably, the combination of CE and 5-FU treatment attenuated β-catenin, MDR1, and ABCC1 expressions, while TFAP4 overexpression reversed their expressions by 2.68 ± 0.46-, 0.72 ± 0.44-, and 0.93 ± 0.21-fold, respectively. Thus, our results indicate that CE sensitizes CRC cells to chemotherapy by decreasing the TFAP4/Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting that the dietary compound CE can be used as a chemosensitizing adjuvant for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Rong Fu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guo-Bin Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Sajid Amin
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Lin X, Farooqi AA. Cucurbitacin mediated regulation of deregulated oncogenic signaling cascades and non-coding RNAs in different cancers: Spotlight on JAK/STAT, Wnt/β-catenin, mTOR, TRAIL-mediated pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:302-309. [PMID: 33152487 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Research over decades has enabled us in developing a better understanding of the multifaceted and heterogeneous nature of cancer. High-throughput technologies have helped the researchers in unraveling of the underlying mechanisms which centrally regulate cancer onset, metastasis and drug resistance. Our rapidly expanding knowledge about signal transduction cascade has added another layer of complexity to already complicated nature of cancer. Deregulation of cell signaling pathways played a linchpin role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cucurbitacins have gained tremendous attention because of their remarkable pharmacological properties and considerable ability to mechanistically modulate myriad of cell signaling pathways in different cancers. In this review, we have attempted to provide a mechanistic and comprehensive analysis of regulation of oncogenic pathways by cucurbitacins in different cancers. We have partitioned this review into separate sections for exclusive analysis of each signaling pathway and critical assessment of the knowledge gaps. In this review, we will summarize most recent and landmark developments related to regulation of Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, mTOR, VEGFR, EGFR and Hippo pathway by cucurbitacins. Moreover, we will also address how cucurbitacins regulate DNA damage repair pathway and TRAIL-driven signaling in various cancers. However, there are still outstanding questions related to regulation of SHH/GLI, TGF/SMAD and Notch-driven pathway by cucurbitacins in different cancers. Future studies must converge on the analysis of full-fledge potential of cucurbitacins by in-depth analysis of these pathways and how these pathways can be therapeutically targeted by cucurbitacins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Ramezani M, Hasani M, Ramezani F, Karimi Abdolmaleki M. Cucurbitacins: A Focus on Cucurbitacin E As A Natural Product and Their Biological Activities. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For the last years, different types of cucurbitacins have been extracted from various species of Cucurbitaceae family. For this review, all related papers were accumulated by searching electronic databases in the English language, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The keywords of cucurbitacin, cucumber anticancer therapy, cytotoxic effects, chemotherapy, and inhibitor effect were searched until February 2020. According to the result of this review, cucurbitacin E as a tetracyclic triterpenes compound, has been exhibited cell cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. It showed tumor proliferation prevention, induction of apoptosis or synergistically acts with other established antitumor compounds and cytokines throughout many molecular mechanisms. In a function-structure association manner, cucurbitacin E can inhibit Janus kinas2 (JAK2) phosphorylation, the signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequently block these pathways, which seems to be the main mechanism of its activity. Future studies could target its detection in uninvestigated sources, subsequently its derivatives to improve their anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fatemeh Ramezani
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Wang W, Liu Y, You L, Sun M, Qu C, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. Inhibitory effects of Paris saponin I, II, Ⅵ and Ⅶ on HUVEC cells through regulation of VEGFR2, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Src/eNOS, PLCγ/ERK/MERK, and JAK2-STAT3 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110750. [PMID: 32942160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma Paris is a popular Chinese medicine in clinics. It contains four main saponins which are its major bioactive compounds. These saponins are Paris saponin I, II, VI and VII (PSI, PSII, PSVI and PSVII, respectively). Up to now, the research using HUVEC cells to evaluate the anti-angiogenic activity of four saponins is blank. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic properties (also known as angiotoxicity) of the four saponins in Rhizoma Paris on vascular endothelial cells-HUVEC cells, and to investigate the underlying mechanism, which has not been studied before. In this study, MTT assay, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, wound healing experiments, transwell cell invasion assay, tubule formation experiment, DAPI staining, AV-PI double staining, and cell cycle analysis were used to determine the effects of Paris saponins. The results showed that, with increases in concentrations of PSI, PSII, PSVI and PSVII, the viability of HUVEC cells decreased significantly. In addition, four saponins dose-dependent enhanced LDH release and inhibited HUVEC cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. In terms of mechanism, PSI significantly inhibited protein expression in multiple signaling pathways. In particular, with the VEGF2 as the target, it activate the downstream PI3K / AKT / mTOR, SRC / eNOS, P38, PLCγ / ERK / MERK and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways. In conclusion, PSI, PSII, PSVI and PSVII can inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, migration and invasion, block endothelial cell cycle, induce endothelial cell apoptosis, act on protein expression in several anti-angiogenic signaling pathways, and finally inhibit angiogenesis in vitro. This study provides further data support for the clinical application of Paris saponins as antiangiogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - XiaoXv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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In vitro antitumor effect of cucurbitacin E on human lung cancer cell line and its molecular mechanism. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:483-490. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Li Y, Chen L, Pu R, Zhou L, Zhou X, Li X. Effects of a Matrine- and Sophoridine-Containing Herbal Compound Medicine (AH-05) on Liver Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20935227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine can present an alternative way of treating liver cancer. Here, we explored a matrine- and sophoridine-containing herbal compound medicine (AH-05) extracted from Adenophora capillaris, Sophora flavescens, Astragalus, and other plants. H22 and HepG2 cell models, as well as an H22 xenograft model, were established. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured in vitro, and tumor volume and weight were observed in vivo. The activation of AKT/mTOR and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways in tumor cells and the polarization of CD4/CD8 T cells in the spleen were tested. To assess safety, hematological toxicity and pathology of the liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were evaluated. AH-05 inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, tumor volume and weight were reduced, and the activation of NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, AKT, p-AKT Ser473, and mTOR was suppressed. In addition, AH-05 promoted CD4+ T cell polarization in the spleen. With regard to safety, slight intestinal mucosa edema was observed, but no severe pathological or hematological toxicity was detected. AH-05 exhibited its therapeutic effects against liver cancer by regulating the AKT/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways, and the immune environment, by promoting CD4+ T cell polarization in the spleen. Thus, AH-05 represents a potential supplementary herbal compound medicine for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchu Li
- Oncology Department, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Research Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Rong Pu
- Oncology Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Research Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Xufeng Zhou
- Research Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
| | - Xianyong Li
- Oncology Department, Chengdu Fuxing Hospital, China
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Study on the Anticancer Effect of an Astragaloside- and Chlorogenic Acid-Containing Herbal Medicine (RLT-03) in Breast Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1515081. [PMID: 32595723 PMCID: PMC7305538 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1515081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Although surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy are widely used in clinical practice for breast cancer treatment, herbal medicines (HMs) are considered as an alternative to palliative treatments because of their coordinated intervention effects and relatively low side effects. Astragaloside (AS) and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are major active ingredients of Radix Astragali and Lonicera japonica, which have shown antitumorigenic properties in certain cancers, but the role of HMs containing both AS and CGA remains unclear in breast cancer. In this study, we explored an AS- and CGA-containing HM (RLT-03) extracted from Radix Astragali, Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Trichosanthin, and Rhizoma imperatae. Methods RLT-03 was extracted using water and n-butanol, and the AS and CGA ingredients in RLT-03 were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD). 4T1, EMT6, BT-549, and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were used, and an EMT6 xenograft model was established. Cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis were measured in vitro, and tumor volume and weight were observed in vivo. The expression of VEGF, EGF, IL-10, TGF-β, and CD34 and cell apoptosis in tumors were examined. Results RLT-03 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In vivo, tumor volume and weight were reduced, and the expression of VEGF, EGF, IL-10, TGF-β, and CD34 was suppressed in the tumor microenvironment, while cell apoptosis was induced. Conclusion RLT-03 exhibited therapeutic effects against breast cancer by regulating the expression of ligands of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and inflammatory factors. Thus, RLT-03 represents a potential supplementary HM that can be used in breast cancer therapy.
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Liu L, Ma Z, Zhou X, Yin J, Lu J, Su J, Shen F, Xie L, Hu S, Ling J. Tryptophan 387 and 390 residues in ADAMTS13 are crucial to the ability of vascular tube formation and cell migration of endothelial cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1402-1409. [PMID: 32222985 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) was mainly generated and secreted from endothelial cells (ECs). Our previous study showed that tryptophan (Trp) residues at 387 and 390 in ADAMTS13 are required for its secretion and enzymatic activity. However, the effects on its host cell as well as the potential mechanism have not been clear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Trp residues 387 and 390 of ADAMTS13 on the biological processes of ECs. Herein, Trp was substituted with alanine in ADAMTS13 to generate ADAMTS13 mutants at 387 (W387A), 390 (W390A), and double mutants at 387 and 390 (2WA), respectively. We found that substitution mutation impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the downstream JAK1/STAT3 activation, the binding ability to Von Willebrand factor, cell proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation. Overall, our study concluded that Trp387 and Trp390 of ADAMTS13 play vital roles in the biological function of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical Research Center of Jiangsu Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenni Ma
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Su
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liqian Xie
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lee DY, Yun SM, Song MY, Ji SD, Son JG, Kim EH. Administration of Steamed and Freeze-Dried Mature Silkworm Larval Powder Prevents Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatocellular Carcinogenesis by Blocking TGF-β/STAT3 Signaling Cascades in Rats. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030568. [PMID: 32121064 PMCID: PMC7140417 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and the majority of HCC patients occur with a background of hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. We have previously reported the hepatoprotective effects of steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP) in a chronic ethanol-treated rat model. Here, we assessed the anti-fibrotic and anti-carcinogenic effects of SMSP on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated rats. Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with DEN once a week for 12 or 16 weeks with or without SMSP administration (0.1 and 1 g/kg). SMSP administration significantly attenuated tumor foci formation and proliferation in the livers of the rats treated with DEN for 16 weeks. SMSP administration also inhibited hepatic fibrosis by decreasing the levels of collagen fiber and the expression of pro-collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Moreover, SMSP supplementation improved the major parameters of fibrosis such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and collagen type I (Col1A1) in the livers from the rats treated with DEN for 16 weeks. As s possible mechanisms, we investigated the effects of SMSP on the TGF-β and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)-mediated signaling cascades, which are known to promote hepatic fibrosis. We found that SMSP treatment inhibited the activation of TGF-β and the phosphorylation of STAT3 pathway in DEN-treated rats. Moreover, SMSP administration suppressed the expressions of the target genes of TGF-β and STAT3 induced by DEN treatment. Our findings provide experimental evidences that SMSP administration has inhibitory effects of hepatic fibrosis and HCC induced by DEN in vivo and could be a promising strategy for the prevention or treatment of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (D.-Y.L.); (S.-M.Y.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Sun-Mi Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (D.-Y.L.); (S.-M.Y.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Moon-Young Song
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (D.-Y.L.); (S.-M.Y.); (M.-Y.S.)
| | - Sang-Deok Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.-D.J.); (J.-G.S.)
| | - Jong-Gon Son
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.-D.J.); (J.-G.S.)
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (D.-Y.L.); (S.-M.Y.); (M.-Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-881-7179
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ErMiao San Inhibits Angiogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis by Suppressing JAK/STAT Signaling Pathways. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4381212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ErMiao San (EMS) is composed of the Cortex Phellodendri chinensis and Atractylodes lancea, and it has the function of eliminating heat and excreting dampness in terms of traditional Chinese medicine to damp heat syndrome. Previous reports indicate that EMS possesses anti-inflammatory activity; however, its action on angiogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been clarified. The present study aims to determine the antiangiogenic activity of EMS in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and in various angiogenesis models. Our data showed that EMS (5 g/kg) markedly reduced the immature blood vessels in synovial membrane tissues of inflamed joints from CIA mice. It also inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced microvessel sprout formation ex vivo. Meanwhile, EMS suppressed VEGF-induced migration, invasion, adhesion, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, EMS significantly reduced the expression of angiogenic activators including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in synovium of CIA mice. More interestingly, EMS blocked the autophosphorylation of VEGF-induced JAK1, STAT1, and STAT6 in CIA mice and VEGF-induced HUVECs. These findings suggest for the first time that EMS possesses the antiangiogenic effect in RA in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro by interrupting the targeting of JAK/STAT activation.
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Hussain H, Green IR, Saleem M, Khattak KF, Irshad M, Ali M. Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents: A Patent Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:133-143. [PMID: 30451116 DOI: 10.2174/1574892813666181119123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucurbitacins belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids that display a wide range of biological effects. In the past, numerous cucurbitacins have been isolated from natural sources and many active compounds have been synthesized using the privileged scaffold in order to enhance its cytotoxic effects. OBJECTIVE This review covers patents on the therapeutic effects of natural cucurbitacins and their synthetic analogs published during the past decade. By far, the majority of patents published are related to cancer and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of these compounds are included to lend gravitas to this important class of natural products. METHODS The date about the published patents was downloaded via online open access patent databases. RESULTS Cucurbitacins display significant cytotoxic properties, in particular cucurbitacins B and D which possess very potent effects towards a number of cancer cells. Numerous cucurbitacins isolated from natural sources have been derivatized through chemical modification at the C(2)-OH and C(25)- OH groups. Most importantly, an acyl ester of the C(25)-OH and, iso-propyl, n-propyl and ethyl ether groups of the C(2)-OH demonstrated the most increased cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION The significant cytotoxic effects of natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacins make them attractive as new drug candidates. Moreover, cucurbitacins have the capability to form conjugates with other anticancer drugs which will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. The authors believe that in order to get lead compounds, there should be a greater focus on the synthesis of homodimers, heterodimers, and halo derivatives of cucurbitacins. In the opinion of the authors the analysis of the published patents on the cucurbitacins indicates that these compounds can be developed into a regimen to treat a wide spectrum of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Salle), Germany
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Maroof Ali
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Masoumi-Dehghi S, Babashah S, Sadeghizadeh M. microRNA-141-3p-containing small extracellular vesicles derived from epithelial ovarian cancer cells promote endothelial cell angiogenesis through activating the JAK/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:233-244. [PMID: 32034654 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine signaling between tumor and surrounding stromal cells is critical for the maintenance of tumor microenvironment during ovarian cancer progression. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; exosomes in particular) are nano-sized vesicles secreted actively by many cells including tumor cells and are found to have fundamental roles in intercellular communication through shuttling functional RNAs. Although microRNAs (also called miRNAs or miRs), small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression, are selectively accumulated in tumor sEVs and can mediate intercellular communication, the exact biological mechanisms underlying the functions of exosomal miRNAs in ovarian tumor angiogenesis remain unclear. In this study, sEVs were isolated from conditioned medium of the human ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV-3 using ExoQuick Exosome Precipitation Solution, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and immunoblotting. To elucidate the possible paracrine effects on ovarian tumor cell-derived sEVs (TD-sEVs), we investigated the angiogenesis-related signaling events triggered by TD-sEVs in endothelial cells. Due to the possible role in ovarian tumor pathogenesis, we focused on miR-141-3p which was detected to be enriched in TD-sEVs compared with their corresponding donor cells. We identified that sEV transfer of miR-141-3p considerably reduced the expression levels of cytokine-inducible suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-5 leading to up-regulated JAK-STAT3 pathway in endothelial cells. We also observed that sEV-shuttled miR-141-3p may up-regulate the expression of VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells which leads to promoting endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. The putative role of miR-141-3p shuttled by TD-sEVs in regulating VEGFR-2 expression was demonstrated by the ability of anti-miR-141-3p to rescue the promoting effects of TD-sEVs on the expression of VEGFR-2 in endothelial cells. Our results also revealed that TD-sEVs trigger the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent activation of NF-κB signaling in endothelial cells. Taken together, our findings propose a novel model in which sEV transfer of epithelial ovarian cancer-secreted miR-141-3p plays as a significant mediator of intercellular communication, promoting endothelial cell angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Masoumi-Dehghi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Haiaty S, Rashidi MR, Akbarzadeh M, Maroufi NF, Yousefi B, Nouri M. Targeting vasculogenic mimicry by phytochemicals: A potential opportunity for cancer therapy. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:825-841. [PMID: 32026601 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is regarded as a process where very aggressive cancer cells generate vascular-like patterns without the presence of endothelial cells. It is considered as the main mark of malignant cancer and has pivotal role in cancer metastasis and progression in various types of cancers. On the other hand, resistance to the antiangiogenesis therapies leads to the cancer recurrence. Therefore, development of novel chemotherapies and their combinations is urgently needed for abolition of VM structures and also for better tumor therapy. Hence, identifying compounds that target VM structures might be superior therapeutic factors for cancers treatment and controlling the recurrence and metastasis. In recent times, naturally occurring compounds, especially phytochemicals have obtained great attention due to their safe properties. Phytochemicals are also capable of targeting VM structure and also their main signaling pathways. Consequently, in this review article, we illustrated key signaling pathways in VM, and the phytochemicals that affect these structures including curcumin, genistein, lycorine, luteolin, columbamine, triptolide, Paris polyphylla, dehydroeffusol, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, grape seed proanthocyanidins, resveratrol, isoxanthohumol, dehydrocurvularine, galiellalactone, oxacyclododecindione, brucine, honokiol, ginsenoside Rg3, and norcantharidin. The recognition of these phytochemicals and their safety profile may lead to new therapeutic agents' development for VM elimination in different types of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanya Haiaty
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nazila F Maroufi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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46
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Zhong Y, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang X, Zeng T, Li L, Xu G, Li M, Liu J, Yang T. Identification and characterization of the Cucurbitacins, a novel class of small-molecule inhibitors of Tropomyosin receptor kinase a. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:295. [PMID: 31694615 PMCID: PMC6836411 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background NGF-TrkA is well known to play a key role in propagating and sustaining pruritogenic signals, which form the pathology of chronic pruritus. Inhibition of NGF-TrkA is a known strategy for the treatment of pruritus. In the present paper, we describe the identification, in vitro characterization, structure–activity analysis, and inhibitory evaluation of a novel TrkA inhibitory scaffold exemplified by Cucurbitacins (Cus). Methods Cus were identified as TrkA inhibitors in a large-scale kinase library screen. To obtain structural models of Cus as TrkA inhibitors, AutoDock was used to explore their binding to TrkA. Furthermore, PC12 cell culture systems have been used to study the effects of Cus and traditional Chinese medicinal plants (Tian Gua Di and bitter gourd leaf) extracts on the kinase activity of TrkA. Results Cus block the phosphorylation of TrkA on several tyrosine sites, including Tyr490, Tyr674/675, and Tyr785, and inhibit downstream Akt and MAPK phosphorylation in response to NGF in PC12 cell model systems. Furthermore, traditional Chinese medicinal plants (Tian Gua Di and bitter gourd leaf) containing Cu extracts were shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of TrkA and Akt. These data reveal mechanisms, at least partly, of the anti-pruritus bioactivity of Cus. Conclusion Taken together, with the recent discovery of the important role of TrkA as a therapeutic target, Cus could be the basis for the design of improved TrkA kinase inhibitors, which could someday help treat pruritus.
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47
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Saeed MEM, Boulos JC, Elhaboub G, Rigano D, Saab A, Loizzo MR, Hassan LEA, Sugimoto Y, Piacente S, Tundis R, Yagi S, Khalid H, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of cucurbitacin E from Citrullus colocynthis against multidrug-resistant cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152945. [PMID: 31132750 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucurbitacin E (CuE) is an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from the fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. PURPOSE This study outlines CuE's cytotoxic activity against drug-resistant tumor cell lines. Three members of ABC transporters superfamily, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and ABCB5 were investigated, whose overexpression in tumors is tightly linked to multidrug resistance. Further factors of drug resistance studied were the tumor suppressor TP53 and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). METHODS Cytotoxicity assays (resazurin assays) were used to investigate the activity of Citrullus colocynthis and CuE towards multidrug resistant cancer cells. Molecular docking (In silico) has been carried out to explore the CuE's mode of binding to ABC transporters (P-gp, BCRP and ABCB5). The visualization of doxorubicin uptake was done by a Spinning Disc Confocal Microscope. The assessment of proteins expression was done by western blotting analysis. COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses were applied to identify, which genes correlate with sensitivity or resistance to cucurbitacins (CuA, CuB, CuE, CuD, CuI, and CuK). RESULTS Multidrug-resistant cells overexpressing P-gp or BCRP were cross-resistant to CuE. By contrast, TP53 knock-out cells were sensitive to CuE. Remarkably, resistant cells transfected with oncogenic ΔEGFR or ABCB5 were hypersensitive (collateral sensitive) to CuE. In silico analyses demonstrated that CuE is a substrate for P-gp and BCRP. Immunoblot analyses highlighted that CuE targeted EGFR and silenced its downstream signaling cascades. The most striking result that emerged from the doxorubicin uptake by ABCB5 overexpressing cells is that CuE is an effective inhibitor for ABCB5 transporter when compared with verapamil. The COMPARE analyses of transcriptome-wide expression profiles of tumor cell lines of the NCI identified common genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cellular adhesion and intracellular communication for different cucurbitacins. CONCLUSION CuE represents a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of certain types of refractory tumors. To best of our knowledge, this is the first time to identify CuE and verapamil as inhibitors for ABCB5 transporter.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/chemistry
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Citrullus colocynthis/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Humans
- Leukemia/drug therapy
- Leukemia/metabolism
- Leukemia/pathology
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/metabolism
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gihan Elhaboub
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antoine Saab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II and Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monica R Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Loiy E A Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Sakina Yagi
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hassan Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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48
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Chen Q, Lv J, Yang W, Xu B, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wu J, Yang Y, Han Y. Targeted inhibition of STAT3 as a potential treatment strategy for atherosclerosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:6424-6442. [PMID: 31588227 PMCID: PMC6771242 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and has attracted more attention in recent years. Multiple studies have demonstrated that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays essential roles in the process of atherosclerosis. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 activation has been shown to contribute to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the study of STAT3 inhibitors has gradually become a focal research topic. In this review, we describe the crucial roles of STAT3 in endothelial cell dysfunction, macrophage polarization, inflammation, and immunity during atherosclerosis. STAT3 in mitochondria is mentioned as well. Then, we present a summary and classification of STAT3 inhibitors, which could offer potential treatment strategies for atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we enumerate some of the problems that have interfered with the development of mature therapies utilizing STAT3 inhibitors to treat atherosclerosis. Finally, we propose ideas that may help to solve these problems to some extent. Collectively, this review may be useful for developing future STAT3 inhibitor therapies for atherosclerosis.
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49
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Barbui T, De Stefano V, Falanga A, Finazzi G, Martinelli I, Rodeghiero F, Vannucchi AM, Barosi G. Addressing and proposing solutions for unmet clinical needs in the management of myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated thrombosis: A consensus-based position paper. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:61. [PMID: 31395856 PMCID: PMC6687826 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article presents the results of a group discussion among an ad hoc constituted Panel of experts aimed at highlighting unmet clinical needs (UCNs) in the management of thrombotic risk and thrombotic events associated with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph-neg MPNs). With the Delphi technique, the challenges in Ph-neg MPN-associated thrombosis were selected. The most clinically relevant UCNs resulted in: (1) providing evidence of the benefits and risks of direct oral anticoagulants, (2) providing evidence of the benefits and risks of cytoreduction in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis without hypercythemia, (3) improving knowledge of the role of the mutated endothelium in the pathogenesis of thrombosis, (4) improving aspirin dosing regimens in essential thrombocythemia, (5) improving antithrombotic management of Ph-neg MPN-associated pregnancy, (6) providing evidence for the optimal duration of anticoagulation for prophylaxis of recurrent VTE, (7) improving knowledge of the association between somatic gene mutations and risk factors for thrombosis, and (8) improving the grading system of thrombosis risk in polycythemia vera. For each of these issues, proposals for advancement in research and clinical practice were addressed. Hopefully, this comprehensive overview will serve to inform the design and implementation of new studies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Barbui
- FROM Research Foundation, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Valerio De Stefano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy.,Istituto di Ematologia, Università Cattolica, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Falanga
- Department of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine and the Haemostasis and Thrombosis Center, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy.,University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Finazzi
- Hematology Division, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Ida Martinelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, A. Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Rodeghiero
- Hematology Project Foundation, affiliated to the Department of Hematology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandro M Vannucchi
- CRIMM-Center of Research and Innovation of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Dept Experimental and Clinical medicine, and Denothe Center, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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50
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Zheng XJ, Liu Y, Zhang WC, Liu Y, Li C, Sun XN, Zhang YY, Xu J, Jiang X, Zhang L, Yang W, Duan SZ. Mineralocorticoid receptor negatively regulates angiogenesis through repression of STAT3 activity in endothelial cells. J Pathol 2019; 248:438-451. [PMID: 30900255 DOI: 10.1002/path.5269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays important roles in cardiovascular pathogenesis. The function of MR in angiogenesis is still controversial. This study aimed to explore the role of endothelial MR in angiogenesis and to delineate the underlying mechanism. Endothelial-hematopoietic MR knockout (EMRKO) mice were generated and subjected to hindlimb ischemia and injection of melanoma cells. Laser Doppler measurements showed that EMRKO mice had improved blood flow recovery and increased vessel density in ischemic limbs. In addition, EMRKO accelerated growth and increased the vessel density of tumors. Matrigel implantation, aortic ring assays, and tube formation assays demonstrated that MRKO endothelial cells (ECs) manifested increased angiogenic potential. MRKO ECs also displayed increased migration ability and proliferation. MRKO and MR knockdown both upregulated gene expression, protein level, and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Stattic, a selective STAT3 inhibitor, attenuated the effects of MRKO on tube formation, migration, and proliferation of ECs. At the molecular level, MR interacted with CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) to suppress the transcription of STAT3. Furthermore, interactions between MR and STAT3 blocked the phosphorylation of STAT3. Finally, stattic abolished the pro-angiogenic phenotype of EMRKO mice. Taken together, endothelial MR is a negative regulator of angiogenesis, likely in a ligand-independent manner. Mechanistically, MR downregulates STAT3 that mediates the impacts of MR deficiency on the angiogenic activity of ECs and angiogenesis. Targeting endothelial MR may be a potential pro-angiogenic strategy for ischemic diseases. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Zheng
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wu-Chang Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yu-Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lanjing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Princeton Medical Center, Plainsboro, NJ, USA.,Department of Biological Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, PR China.,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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