1
|
Theocharopoulos C, Ziogas IA, Douligeris CC, Efstathiou A, Kolorizos E, Ziogas DC, Kontis E. Antibody-drug conjugates for hepato-pancreato-biliary malignancies: "Magic bullets" to the rescue? Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102806. [PMID: 39094332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) malignancies constitute a highly aggressive group of cancers that have a dismal prognosis. Patients not amenable to curative intent surgical resection are managed with systemic chemotherapy which, however, confers little survival benefit. Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs) are tripartite compounds that merge the intricate selectivity and specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the cytodestructive potency of attached supertoxic payloads. In view of the unmet need for drugs that will enhance the survival rates of HPB cancer patients, the assessment of ADCs for treating HPB malignancies has become the focus of extensive clinical and preclinical investigation, showing encouraging preliminary results. In the current review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the growing body of evidence on ADC approaches tested for HPB malignancies. Starting from a concise discussion of the functional principles of ADCs, we summarize here all available data from preclinical and clinical studies evaluating ADCs in HPB cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis A Ziogas
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Dimitrios C Ziogas
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Laikon General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Elissaios Kontis
- Department of Surgery, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Piraeus 18537, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song M, Tang Y, Cao K, Qi L, Xie K. Unveiling the role of interleukin-6 in pancreatic cancer occurrence and progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1408312. [PMID: 38828409 PMCID: PMC11140100 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1408312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose early and progresses rapidly. Researchers have found that a cytokine called Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is involved in the entire course of pancreatic cancer, promoting its occurrence and development. From the earliest stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia to the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells and the appearance of tumor cachexia, IL-6 drives oncogenic signal transduction pathways and immune escape that accelerate disease progression. IL-6 is considered a biomarker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis and prognosis, as well as a potential target for treatment. IL-6 antibodies are currently being explored as a hot topic in oncology. This article aims to systematically explain how IL-6 induces the deterioration of normal pancreatic cells, with the goal of finding a breakthrough in pancreatic cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Song
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaimei Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Qingyuan People’s Hospital, The Affiliated Qingyuan Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Keping Xie
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xia S, Duan W, Xu M, Li M, Tang M, Wei S, Lin M, Li E, Liu W, Wang Q. Mesothelin promotes brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer by activating MET. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:103. [PMID: 38570866 PMCID: PMC10988939 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastasis (BM) is common among cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is the leading cause of death for these patients. Mesothelin (MSLN), a tumor-associated antigen expressed in many solid tumors, has been reported to be involved in the progression of multiple tumors. However, its potential involvement in BM of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. METHODS The expression of MSLN was validated in clinical tissue and serum samples using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ability of NSCLC cells to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was examined using an in vitro Transwell model and an ex vivo multi-organ microfluidic bionic chip. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to detect the disruption of tight junctions. In vivo BBB leakiness assay was performed to assess the barrier integrity. MET expression and activation was detected by western blotting. The therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting MSLN (anetumab) and MET (crizotinib/capmatinib) on BM was evaluated in animal studies. RESULTS MSLN expression was significantly elevated in both serum and tumor tissue samples from NSCLC patients with BM and correlated with a poor clinical prognosis. MSLN significantly enhanced the brain metastatic abilities of NSCLC cells, especially BBB extravasation. Mechanistically, MSLN facilitated the expression and activation of MET through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which allowed tumor cells to disrupt tight junctions and the integrity of the BBB and thereby penetrate the barrier. Drugs targeting MSLN (anetumab) and MET (crizotinib/capmatinib) effectively blocked the development of BM and prolonged the survival of mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that MSLN plays a critical role in BM of NSCLC by modulating the JNK/MET signaling network and thus, provides a potential novel therapeutic target for preventing BM in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Duan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyi Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Wei
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manqing Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Department of Scientific Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kembuan GJ, Kim JY, Maus MV, Jan M. Targeting solid tumor antigens with chimeric receptors: cancer biology meets synthetic immunology. Trends Cancer 2024; 10:312-331. [PMID: 38355356 PMCID: PMC11006585 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a medical breakthrough in the treatment of B cell malignancies. There is intensive focus on developing solid tumor-targeted CAR-T cell therapies. Although clinically approved CAR-T cell therapies target B cell lineage antigens, solid tumor targets include neoantigens and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) with diverse roles in tumor biology. Multiple early-stage clinical trials now report encouraging signs of efficacy for CAR-T cell therapies that target solid tumors. We review the landscape of solid tumor target antigens from the perspective of cancer biology and gene regulation, together with emerging clinical data for CAR-T cells targeting these antigens. We then discuss emerging synthetic biology strategies and their application in the clinical development of novel cellular immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele J Kembuan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanna Y Kim
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max Jan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jang Y, Koh JS, Park JH, Choi S, Duong PTT, Heo BY, Lee SW, Kim JY, Lee MW, Kim SH, Song IC. Enhanced Expression of Glycolytic Enzymes and Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Flavoprotein Subunit A by Mesothelin Promotes Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Myeloblasts of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2140. [PMID: 38396817 PMCID: PMC10888725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive malignancy characterized by rapid growth and uncontrolled proliferation of undifferentiated myeloid cells. Metabolic reprogramming is commonly observed in the bone marrow of AML patients, as leukemia cells require increased ATP supply to support disease progression. In this study, we examined the potential role of mesothelin as a metabolic modulator in myeloid cells in AML. Mesothelin is a well-known marker of solid tumors that promotes cancer cell proliferation and survival. We initially analyzed alterations in mesothelin expression in the myeloblast subpopulations, defined as SSC-Alow/CD45dim, obtained from the bone marrow of AML patients using flow cytometry. Our results showed overexpression of mesothelin in 34.8% of AML patients. Subsequently, metabolic changes in leukemia cells were evaluated by comparing the oxygen consumption rates (OCR) of bone marrow samples derived from adult AML patients. Notably, a higher OCR was observed in the mesothelin-positive compared to the mesothelin-low and non-expressing groups. Treatment with recombinant human mesothelin protein enhanced OCR and increased the mRNA expression of glycolytic enzymes and mitochondrial complex II in KG1α AML cells. Notably, siRNA targeting mesothelin in KG1α cells led to the reduction of glycolysis-related gene expression but had no effect on the mitochondrial complex gene. The collective results demonstrate that mesothelin induces metabolic changes in leukemia cells, facilitating the acquisition of a rapid supply of ATP for proliferation in AML. Therefore, the targeting of mesothelin presents a potentially promising approach to mitigating the progression of AML through the inhibition of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in myeloid cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunseon Jang
- Translational Immunology Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Suk Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Park
- Translational Immunology Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Choi
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Pham Thi Thuy Duong
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Bu Yeon Heo
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Lee
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Research Institute for Medical Science, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Chan Song
- Translational Immunology Institute, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao L, Li L, Zhang D, Qiu J, Qian J, Liu H. TAPI-1 Exhibits Anti-tumor Efficacy in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells via Suppression of NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:81-94. [PMID: 38007701 PMCID: PMC10787672 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-α processing inhibitor-1 (TAPI-1) is a known metalloproteinase inhibitor with potential anti-inflammatory effects. However, its anti-cancer effects on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been uncovered. AIM In the present study, the effects of TAPI-1 on ESCC cell viability, migration, invasion, and cisplatin resistance and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated in TE-1 and Eca109 cells. METHODS To this end, TE-1 and Eca109 cells were exposed to TAPI-1 for indicated time intervals. Cell viability was assessed using cell counting kit-8 assay and apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry assay. Migration and invasion were assessed using Transwell assays. Gene expressions were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was elucidated via Western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. RESULTS We observed that higher doses (10, 20 μM) of TAPI-1 inhibited ESCC cell viability, while a lower dose (5 μM) of TAPI-1 inhibited ESCC cell migration and invasion and enhanced the chemosensitivity of ESCC cells to cisplatin. Moreover, TAPI-1 suppressed the activation of NF-κB signaling and the target genes expression in the stage of transcription initiation. Furthermore, blocking NF-κB signaling in advance could abolish all the effects of TAPI-1 on ESCC cells. CONCLUSION Overall, these results indicated that TAPI-1 impairs ESCC cell viability, migration, and invasion and facilitates cisplatin-induced apoptosis via suppression of NF-κB signaling pathway. TAPI-1 may serve as a potential adjuvant agent with cisplatin for ESCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Shengli Road No. 666, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hagerty BL, Takabe K. Biology of Mesothelin and Clinical Implications: A Review of Existing Literature. World J Oncol 2023; 14:340-349. [PMID: 37869242 PMCID: PMC10588497 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1992, mesothelin (MSLN) has generated significant interest as a therapeutic target. A number of characteristics make it ideal for this purpose. First, it is not expressed on the parenchyma of any vital organs. Second, it is differentially expressed on a number of cancer types that have relatively poor prognosis and lack effective systemic options. Third, it is expressed on the cell membrane making it accessible to large molecule targeted therapies. However, unlike other drug targets that have been exploited for therapeutic benefit, the precise function of MSLN, why it is expressed in certain cancers, and its biological role have not been clearly elucidated. Here the existing literature on the cellular function and expression patterns of MSLN across tumor types is reviewed in order to gain further understanding of this intriguing molecule. In doing so, we conclude that there remains significant ambiguity surrounding its function and role in cellular and tumor biology. Furthermore, the expression of MSLN and its relation of prognosis seems to depend on the type of tumor. Finally, the unified mechanism by which MSLN acts as a protein that conveys tumor aggressiveness remains elusive. What is clear is that there is much yet to be discovered in this realm and doing so may have large implications for treatment of otherwise lethal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L Hagerty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kazuaki Takabe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marin-Muller C, Li D, Lü JM, Liang Z, Vega-Martínez O, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Fisher WE, Chen C, Yao Q. Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapy with miR-198 Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine Treatment through Downregulation of VCP-Mediated Autophagy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2038. [PMID: 37631252 PMCID: PMC10457905 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains an extremely aggressive disease characterized by rapidly acquired multi-drug resistance, including to first-line chemotherapeutic agent gemcitabine. Autophagy is a process that is often exploited by cancer and is one of several intrinsic factors associated with resistance to gemcitabine. We have previously found that miR-198 acts as a tumor suppressor in PDAC through the targeting of factors including Valosin-containing protein (VCP). VCP has been reported to play an important role in autophagic flux. In this study, we investigated whether the repression of VCP through miR-198 administration disrupts the autophagy process and sensitizes PDAC cells to gemcitabine treatment in vitro. Moreover, we used LGA-PEI (LPNP) nanoparticles to effectively administer miR-198 to tumors in vivo, inducing tumor sensitization to gemcitabine and leading to a significant reduction in tumor burden and metastases and a concomitant downregulation of VCP expression and autophagy maturation. Our results indicate a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting gemcitabine resistant PDAC and establishes the use of LPNPs for effective therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Marin-Muller
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Speratum Biopharma, Inc., Dover, DE 19901, USA
| | - Dali Li
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Jian-Ming Lü
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Zhengdong Liang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | | | - Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William E. Fisher
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.M.-M.)
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Song L, Xu R, Cai W, Liang J, Cao N, Gao J, Tang X. IL-6 upregulates the expression of IL-6R through the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway to promote progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13271. [PMID: 38441314 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves multifactor, multistep interactions. High expression of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours, but the regulatory mechanism of IL-6R expression and its function in HCC have not been fully defined. Western blot was used to evaluate the phosphorylation of key kinases in the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and the protein expression levels of related proliferation molecules, migration molecules and apoptotic molecules. The antiapoptosis, migration and proliferation of cells of each group were analysed with JC-1 to judge the cell apoptosis rate, the EdU method to determine the proliferation vitality of the cells, clone formation experiments and Transwell experiments. High expression of IL-6R in cell lines, lower protein levels of the apoptotic molecules c-Caspase7 and c-Caspase3 and higher protein levels of the proliferative molecules p-P70S6K and migration molecules MMP9 and MMP2 were consistent with stronger antiapoptosis, proliferation and migration. Interestingly, IL-6 upregulated the expression of IL-6R by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. Also, the expression of IL-6R protein was downregulated after lentivirus knockdown of STAT3. In nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumours, upregulation of IL-6R expression after activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway by IL-6 significantly increased tumour growth. Moreover, the expression of IL-6R protein was downregulated, and the terminal tumour volume was significantly downregulated in the lentiviral STAT3 knockdown group. IL-6 regulated the transcription of IL-6R through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Wenpeng Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| | - Niandie Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jiafeng Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
- Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Targeting Mesothelin in Solid Tumours: Anti-mesothelin Antibody and Drug Conjugates. Curr Oncol Rep 2023; 25:309-323. [PMID: 36763234 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-023-01367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarise the pathobiological role of mesothelin and the current data on therapeutic antibodies targeting mesothelin in solid tumours. RECENT FINDINGS High mesothelin expression is restricted to the pericardium, pleura, peritoneum and tunica vaginalis. Mesothelin does not seem to have any normal biological function in adult normal tissues. Mesothelin is highly expressed in mesothelioma, serous ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer and some gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the lung and is responsible for tumour proliferation, metastasis, resistance to chemotherapy or radiation and evasion of immune system. To date, antibody, antibody drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies with immune checkpoints have been investigated in mesothelin expressing malignancies. After a couple of decades of clinical investigation in antibody targeting mesothelin, the therapeutic benefit is relatively modest. Novel delivery of mesothelin targeting agents, more potent payload in antibody drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitor, may improve therapeutic benefit.
Collapse
|
11
|
Weidemann S, Gorbokon N, Lennartz M, Hube-Magg C, Fraune C, Bernreuther C, Clauditz TS, Jacobsen F, Jansen K, Schmalfeldt B, Wölber L, Paluchowski P, Berkes E, Heilenkötter U, Sauter G, Uhlig R, Wilczak W, Steurer S, Simon R, Krech T, Marx A, Burandt E, Lebok P. High Homogeneity of Mesothelin Expression in Primary and Metastatic Ovarian Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2023; 31:77-83. [PMID: 36728364 PMCID: PMC9928564 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To study the extent of heterogeneity of mesothelin overexpression in primary ovarian cancers and their peritoneal and lymph node metastases, a tissue microarray (TMA) was constructed from multiple sites of 220 ovarian cancers and analyzed by immunohistochemistry. One tissue core each was taken from up to 18 different tumor blocks per cancer, resulting in a total of 2460 tissue spots from 423 tumor sites (188 primary cancers, 162 peritoneal carcinosis, and 73 lymph node metastases). Positive mesothelin expression was found in 2041 of the 2342 (87%) arrayed tissue spots and in 372 of the 392 (95%) tumor sites that were interpretable for mesothelin immunohistochemistry. Intratumoral heterogeneity was found in 23% of 168 primary cancer sites interpretable for mesothelin and decreased to 12% in 154 peritoneal carcinosis and to 6% in 71 lymph node metastases ( P <0.0001). Heterogeneity between the primary tumor and matched peritoneal carcinosis was found in 16% of 102 cancers with interpretable mesothelin results. In these cancers, the mesothelin status switched from positive in the primary tumor to negative in the peritoneal carcinosis (3 cancers) in or vice versa (2 cancers), or a mixture of positive and negative peritoneal carcinoses was found (11 cancers). No such switch was seen between the mesothelin-interpretable primary tumors and their nodal metastases of 59 cancers, and only 1 mesothelin-positive tumor had a mixture of positive and negative lymph node metastases. In conclusion, mesothelin expression is frequent and highly homogeneous in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Natalia Gorbokon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | | | - Christoph Fraune
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Till S. Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Kristina Jansen
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic
| | | | - Linn Wölber
- Department of Gynecology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | | | - Enikö Berkes
- Department of Gynecology, Regio Clinic Itzehoe, Itzehoe
| | | | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Ria Uhlig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Institute of Pathology, Osnabrueck
| | - Andreas Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
- Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Patrick Lebok
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalemkeridou M, Nanas I, Moutou K, Amiridis GS, Tsipourlianos A, Dovolou E, Mamuris Z, Giannoulis T. Genetic diversity and thermotolerance in Holstein cows: Pathway analysis and marker development using whole-genome sequencing. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:146-157. [PMID: 36196498 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress causes extensive losses in the dairy sector, due to negative effects on milk production and reproduction. Cows have evolved a series of protective mechanisms, (physiological, biochemical, behavioural) to cope with the thermostressing environments, which have allowed the preservation of productive and reproductive potential of specific animals during summer; these animals are considered thermotolerant and could be used to design programs of selective breeding. These programs, targeting the generations of a population of heat-resistant animals, would increase the frequency of the desired phenotypes, tackling the financial losses on one hand and reducing the carbon footprints of the dairy sector on the other. The development of genomics techniques has enabled genome wide variant calling, to detect SNPs associated with the desired phenotypes. In this study, we used a comparative genomics approach to detect genetic variation associated with thermotolerance and to design molecular markers for characterizing the animals as tolerant/sensitive. A total of 40 cows from each group were split in four sequencing pools and a whole-genome sequencing approach was used. Results and conclusion: Genome-wide genetic variation between groups was characterized and enrichment analysis revealed specific pathways which participate in the adaptive mechanisms of thermotolerance, implicated into systemic and cellular responses, including the immune system functionality, Heat Stress and Unfolded Protein Response. The markers made a promising set of results, as specific SNPs in five genes encoding for Heat Shock Proteins were significantly associated with thermotolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kalemkeridou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Nanas
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Katerina Moutou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios S Amiridis
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Andreas Tsipourlianos
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Eleni Dovolou
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Zissis Mamuris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Comparative and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Themistoklis Giannoulis
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.,Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Bioinformatics, Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang B, Lang X, Li X. The role of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023177. [PMID: 36591515 PMCID: PMC9800921 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune regulation. It can activate janus kinase 2 (JAK2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. As one of the important signal transduction pathways in cells, JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation by affecting the activation state of downstream effector molecules. The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway is involved in tumorigenesis and development. It contributes to the formation of tumor inflammatory microenvironment and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many human tumors. This article focuses on the relationship between IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer, hoping to provide references for the research of cancer treatment targeting key molecules in IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Huang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Lang
- Operational Management Office, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
| | - Xihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,Emergency Department, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoling Lang, ; Xihong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hussein NH, Eissa RA, de Bruyn M, El Tayebi HM. NEAT1: Culprit lncRNA linking PIG-C, MSLN, and CD80 in triple-negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2022; 299:120523. [PMID: 35378140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women. Despite the effectiveness of conventional therapies, they cause detrimental side effects. Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl-Inositol (GPI) pathway is a conserved pathway that culminates in the generation of GPI anchored proteins (GPI-AP). Phosphatidyl-Inositol-Glycan Biosynthesis Class C (PIG-C) is the first step in GPI pathway and upon its overexpression, Mesothelin (MSLN); an oncogenic GPI-AP, expression is induced. Therefore, blocking GPI pathway is a potential therapy through which multiple pathways can be rectified. Recombinant GPI-CD80 proved to be a potent immunostimulatory protein and currently being evaluated as tumor vaccine. In fact, CD80 is a unique immunomodulator that binds to CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1. Furthermore, research advancement showed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are key epigenetic modulators. Therefore, epigenetic tuning of GPI-APs remains an unexplored area. This study aims at investigating the potential role of ncRNAs in regulating MSLN, PIG-C and CD80 in BC. METHODS Potential ncRNAs were filtered by bioinformatics algorithms. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with RNA oligonucleotides. Surface CD80 and MSLN were assessed by FACS and immunofluorescence. Gene expression was tested by q-PCR. RESULTS PIG-C gene was overexpressed in TNBC and its manipulation altered MSLN surface level. Aligning with bioinformatics analysis, miR-2355 manipulated PIG-C and MSLN expression, while miR-455 manipulated CD80 expression. NEAT1 sponged both miRNAs. Paradoxically, NEAT1 lowered PIG-C gene expression while increased MSLN gene expression. CONCLUSION This study unravels novel immunotherapeutic targets for TNBC. NEAT1 is potential immunomodulator by sponging several miRNAs. Finally, this study highlights GPI pathway applications, therefore integrating epigenetics, post-translational modifications and immunomodulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada H Hussein
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M de Bruyn
- Obstrectics and Gynecology, University Hospital Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Polymorphisms of an oncogenic gene, mesothelin, predict the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer in a Chinese Han population. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2097-2111. [PMID: 35396937 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface protein associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aims to explore the biological function of MSLN in gastric cancer and to evaluate the association of MSLN polymorphism (rs3764247, rs3764246, rs12597489, rs1057147, rs3765319) with the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection and MSLN overexpression were performed in human gastric cancer cell lines, respectively. The proliferation of tumor cells was evaluated by Cell counting kit 8(CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were used to elucidate gastric cancer cell migration and invasion rates. We conducted a case-control study involving 860 patients with gastric cancer and 870 controls. All mutation sites were genotyped by PCR-LDR sequencing. First, our study revealed the cancer-promoting role of MSLN in gastric cancer. Second, we also demonstrated that rs3764247 and rs3764246 were associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer (OR = 0.83, p = 0.010; OR = 0.84, p = 0.011; respectively). The clinicopathological analysis further showed that rs3764247 was closely related to T stage, vascular infiltration, and HER2 expression. In addition, in the survival analysis of 392 patients with gastric cancer, patients with rs3764247 CC genotype had poorer survival than patients with AA + AC genotype after adjusting for age, sex, TNM stage, and Lauren classification (HR = 2.07, p = 0.029). Our findings indicated that MSLN could be an oncogene whose polymorphisms were closely related to the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mesothelin: An Immunotherapeutic Target beyond Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061550. [PMID: 35326701 PMCID: PMC8946840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review summarizes the current knowledge on mesothelin’s function, its role in cancer, and opportunities for immunotherapeutic targeting of mesothelin. Immunotherapies including monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T and NK-cells, targeted alpha therapies, and bispecific T cell engaging molecules are reviewed. We show future directions for mesothelin targeting in hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia. Abstract Modern targeted cancer therapies rely on the overexpression of tumor associated antigens with very little to no expression in normal cell types. Mesothelin is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein that has been identified in many different tumor types, including lung adenocarcinomas, ovarian carcinomas, and most recently in hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the function of mesothelin is widely unknown, interactions with MUC16/CA125 indicate that mesothelin plays a role in the regulation of proliferation, growth, and adhesion signaling. Most research on mesothelin currently focuses on utilizing mesothelin to design targeted cancer therapies such as monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, chimeric antigen receptor T and NK cells, bispecific T cell engaging molecules, and targeted alpha therapies, amongst others. Both in vitro and in vivo studies using different immunotherapeutic modalities in mesothelin-positive AML models highlight the potential impact of this approach as a unique opportunity to treat hard-to-cure AML.
Collapse
|
17
|
Li D, Lin S, Hong J, Ho M. Immunotherapy for hepatobiliary cancers: Emerging targets and translational advances. Adv Cancer Res 2022; 156:415-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Weidemann S, Perez D, Izbicki JR, Neipp M, Mofid H, Daniels T, Nahrstedt U, Jacobsen F, Bernreuther C, Simon R, Steurer S, Burandt E, Marx AH, Krech T, Clauditz TS, Jansen K. Mesothelin is Commonly Expressed in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma but Unrelated to Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:711-720. [PMID: 34143695 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1943747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Data on Mesothelin (MSLN) expression in human normal and cancerous tissues is controversial. We employed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a tissue microarray (TMA) from 599 pancreatic cancers and 12 large tissue sections of pancreatitis. MSLN expression was highest in pancreatic adenocarcinomas (89%) and adenocarcinomas of the ampulla Vateri (79%), infrequent in pancreatitis and absent in 6 acinus cell carcinomas and normal pancreas. MSLN expression was unrelated to pathological tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes. In conclusion, pancreatic cancer may be ideally suited for putative anti- MSLN therapies, and MSLN may represent a suitable biomarker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis, especially on small biopsies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Weidemann
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Perez
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jakob R Izbicki
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Neipp
- General, Vascular and Visceral Surgery Clinic, Itzehoe Medical Center, Itzehoe, Germany
| | - Hamid Mofid
- General, Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Clinic, Regio Clinic Pinneberg, Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Thies Daniels
- General, Visceral and Tumor Surgery Clinic, Albertinen Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Nahrstedt
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Schoen Clinic Hamburg Eilbek, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Bernreuther
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eike Burandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Fuerth, Fuerth, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Clinical Center Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Jansen
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nagata K, Shinto E, Shiraishi T, Yamadera M, Kajiwara Y, Mochizuki S, Okamoto K, Einama T, Kishi Y, Ueno H. Mesothelin Expression is Correlated with Chemoresistance in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:8579-8586. [PMID: 34318385 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell-surface glycoprotein present on mesothelial cells; its expression in several epithelial cancers generally portends an unfavorable prognosis. We investigated MSLN as a surrogate chemopredictive biomarker and examined the impact of MSLN expression in stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS We recruited 254 patients with CRC who received systemic chemotherapy following primary tumor resection between 2000 and 2019. Resected specimens were immunostained for MSLN and stratified by MSLN expression. The associations of tumor MSLN expression with tumor response in metastatic lesions and survival were evaluated. RESULTS Of the 247 patients with stage IV CRC, 41 (16.1%) and 213 (83.9%) had high and low MSLN expression, respectively. Based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria, the investigator-assessed objective response rate was 22.0% in the high MSLN expression group and 45.5% in the low MSLN expression group (p = 0.0050). The disease control rates in these groups were 65.9% and 85.9%, respectively (p = 0.00019). In the patients with high MSLN expression, the conversion rate among those with initially unresectable metastases was 0% versus 14% in the patients with low MSLN expression (p = 0.0053). The median overall survival (OS) was 1.5 years (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.8) in the high MSLN expression group versus 2.6 years (95% CI 2.2-3.0) in the low MSLN expression group. The 3-year OS rates in these groups were 23.5 and 41.5%, respectively (p = 0.0120). CONCLUSIONS High MSLN expression is correlated with chemoresistance and poor prognoses in stage IV CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nagata
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Eiji Shinto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Takehiro Shiraishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masato Yamadera
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kajiwara
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satsuki Mochizuki
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Einama
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoji Kishi
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely related to chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases and cancer) and even in the cytokine storm of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Acute inflammation during the immune response and wound healing is a well-controlled response, whereas chronic inflammation and the cytokine storm are uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Non-immune and immune cells, cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) play central roles in inflammation. Synergistic interactions between NF-κB and STAT3 induce the hyper-activation of NF-κB followed by the production of various inflammatory cytokines. Because IL-6 is an NF-κB target, simultaneous activation of NF-κB and STAT3 in non-immune cells triggers a positive feedback loop of NF-κB activation by the IL-6-STAT3 axis. This positive feedback loop is called the IL-6 amplifier (IL-6 Amp) and is a key player in the local initiation model, which states that local initiators, such as senescence, obesity, stressors, infection, injury and smoking, trigger diseases by promoting interactions between non-immune cells and immune cells. This model counters dogma that holds that autoimmunity and oncogenesis are triggered by the breakdown of tissue-specific immune tolerance and oncogenic mutations, respectively. The IL-6 Amp is activated by a variety of local initiators, demonstrating that the IL-6-STAT3 axis is a critical target for treating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Hirano
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
A Novel 89Zr-labeled DDS Device Utilizing Human IgG Variant (scFv): "Lactosome" Nanoparticle-Based Theranostics for PET Imaging and Targeted Therapy. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020158. [PMID: 33670777 PMCID: PMC7923095 DOI: 10.3390/life11020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
“Theranostics,” a new concept of medical advances featuring a fusion of therapeutic and diagnostic systems, provides promising prospects in personalized medicine, especially cancer. The theranostics system comprises a novel 89Zr-labeled drug delivery system (DDS), derived from the novel biodegradable polymeric micelle, “Lactosome” nanoparticles conjugated with specific shortened IgG variant, and aims to successfully deliver therapeutically effective molecules, such as the apoptosis-inducing small interfering RNA (siRNA) intracellularly while offering simultaneous tumor visualization via PET imaging. A 27 kDa-human single chain variable fragment (scFv) of IgG to establish clinically applicable PET imaging and theranostics in cancer medicine was fabricated to target mesothelin (MSLN), a 40 kDa-differentiation-related cell surface glycoprotein antigen, which is frequently and highly expressed by malignant tumors. This system coupled with the cell penetrating peptide (CPP)-modified and photosensitizer (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl) porphyrin (TPP))-loaded Lactosome particles for photochemical internalized (PCI) driven intracellular siRNA delivery and the combination of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising nano-theranostic-based cancer therapy via its targeted apoptosis-inducing feature. This review focuses on the combined advances in nanotechnology and material sciences utilizing the “89Zr-labeled CPP and TPP-loaded Lactosome particles” and future directions based on important milestones and recent developments in this platform.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang X, Huang M, Zhang Q, Chen J, Li J, Han Q, Zhang L, Li J, Liu S, Ma Y, Li L, Yang L, Zou S, Han B. Metformin Antagonizes Ovarian Cancer Cells Malignancy Through MSLN Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Signaling. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211027819. [PMID: 34238029 PMCID: PMC8274104 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211027819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for ovarian cancer management. Due to the unsatisfactory prognosis, a better understanding of the underlying molecular carcinogenesis is urgently required. METHODS Assays for determining cell growth, cell motility, and apoptosis were employed to evaluate the potential antitumor effects of metformin against ovarian cancer cells. Molecular biological methods were employed to explore the underlying mechanism. Human ovarian cancer samples and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) dataset were used for uncovering the clinical significances of mesothelin (MSLN) on ovarian cancer. RESULTS In the present work, we found that metformin treatment led to cell growth and cell migration inhibition, and induced cell apoptosis. Metformin administration also impaired cancer cell stemness and the capillary-like structure formation capacity of SKOV3 cells. On mechanism, metformin treatment remarkably reduced mesothelin (MSLN) expression, downregulated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activity, subsequently resulted in VEGF and TGFβ1 expression. We also observed an oncogenic function of MSLN on ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggested that metformin exerts anticancer effects by suppressing ovarian cancer cell malignancy, which attributed to MSLN inhibition mediated IL6/STAT3 signaling and VEGF and TGFβ1 downregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaQi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuLan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYing Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hussein NH, Amin NS, El Tayebi HM. GPI-AP: Unraveling a New Class of Malignancy Mediators and Potential Immunotherapy Targets. Front Oncol 2020; 10:537311. [PMID: 33344222 PMCID: PMC7746843 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.537311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With millions of cases diagnosed annually and high economic burden to cover expensive costs, cancer is one of the most difficult diseases to treat due to late diagnosis and severe adverse effects from conventional therapy. This creates an urgent need to find new targets for early diagnosis and therapy. Progress in research revealed the key steps of carcinogenesis. They are called cancer hallmarks. Zooming in, cancer hallmarks are characterized by ligands binding to their cognate receptor and so triggering signaling cascade within cell to make response for stimulus. Accordingly, understanding membrane topology is vital. In this review, we shall discuss one type of transmembrane proteins: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins (GPI-APs), with specific emphasis on those involved in tumor cells by evading immune surveillance and future applications for diagnosis and immune targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
24
|
Barsoum FS, Awad AS, Hussein NH, Eissa RA, El Tayebi HM. MALAT-1: LncRNA ruling miR-182/PIG-C/mesothelin triad in triple negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153274. [PMID: 33171372 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains a major health problem, despite the remarkable advances in cancer research setting. BC is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide. In the context of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, major obstacles include late diagnoses and detrimental side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Research effort was rewarded with the discovery of mesothelin (MSLN), an oncogenic Glycosyl-Phosphatidyl-Inositol (GPI) anchored protein, over-expressed in TNBC. GPI pathway is a post-translational modification that attaches proteins to cellular membrane. MSLN targeted therapy succeeded in early clinical trials, nevertheless, to date, the epigenetic regulation of MSLN and GPI pathway by non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) in BC remains an untouched area. Accordingly, our aim is to investigate-for the first time- the impact of simultaneous targeting of MSLN and its associated GPI pathway member, PIG-C, by non-coding-RNAs. Expression profiling of PIG-C, MSLN in BC was performed. Using bioinformatics tools, MALAT-1 and miR-182 were found to target MSLN and PIG-C. MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with synthetic nc-RNAs. Expression profiling of MSLN, miR-182 and MALAT-1 showed a dramatic over-expression in BC samples. MiR-182 ectopic expression and MALAT-1 silencing increased MSLN and PIG-C transcript levels. However, miR-182 inhibition and miR-182/si-MALAT-1 co-transfection lowered MSLN and PIG-C levels. Finally, si-PIG-C decreased MSLN and PIG-C levels. To conclude, our investigation unravels a new axis in TNBC, where miR-182 can manipulate MSLN and PIG-C. Meanwhile, MALAT-1 is the culprit lncRNA in this novel axis, possibly a sponge for miR-182. Altogether, this sheds light on new targets for BC immune-therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida S Barsoum
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany S Awad
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada H Hussein
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda A Eissa
- Department of Surgery, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Klampatsa A, Dimou V, Albelda SM. Mesothelin-targeted CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 21:473-486. [PMID: 33176519 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1843628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor differentiation antigen normally restricted to the body's mesothelial surfaces, but significantly overexpressed in a broad range of solid tumors. For this reason, MSLN has emerged as an important target for the development of novel immunotherapies. This review focuses on anti-MSLN chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy approaches.Areas covered: A brief overview of MSLN as a therapeutic target and existing anti-MSLN antibody-based drugs and vaccines is provided. A detailed account of anti-MSLN CAR-T cell approaches utilized in preclinical models is presented. Finally, a comprehensive summary of currently ongoing and completed anti-MSLN CAR-T cell clinical trials is discussed.Expert opinion: Initial trials using anti-MSLN CAR-T cells have been safe, but efficacy has been limited. Employing regional routes of delivery, introducing novel modifications leading to enhanced tumor infiltration and persistence, and improved safety profiles and combining anti-MSLN CAR-T cells with standard therapies, could render them more efficacious in the treatment of solid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astero Klampatsa
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Vivian Dimou
- Thoracic Oncology Immunotherapy Group, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barlak N, Capik O, Sanli F, Karatas OF. The roles of microRNAs in the stemness of oral cancer cells. Oral Oncol 2020; 109:104950. [PMID: 32828020 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC), which is the most common form of head and neck cancers, has one of the lowest (~50%) overall 5-year survival rates. The main reasons for this high mortality rate are diagnosis of OC in advanced stages in most patients and spread to distant organs via lymph node metastasis. Many studies have shown that a small population of cells within the tumor plays vital roles in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of the tumor, resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and recurrence. These cells, identified as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are the main reasons for the failure of current treatment modalities. Deregulated expressions of microRNAs are closely related to tumor prognosis, metastasis and drug resistance. In addition, microRNAs play important roles in regulating the functions of CSCs. Until now, the roles of microRNAs in the acquisition and maintenance of OC stemness have not been elucidated in detail yet. Here in this review, we summarized significant findings and the latest literature to better understand the involvement of CSCs in association with dysregulated microRNAs in oral carcinogenesis. Possible roles of these microRNAs in acquisition and maintenance of CSCs features during OC pathogenesis were summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neslisah Barlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozel Capik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey; Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Histoepigenetic analysis of the mesothelin network within pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells reveals regulation of retinoic acid receptor gamma and AKT by mesothelin. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:62. [PMID: 32616712 PMCID: PMC7332500 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To enable computational analysis of regulatory networks within the cancer cell in its natural tumor microenvironment, we develop a two-stage histoepigenetic analysis method. The first stage involves iterative computational deconvolution to estimate sample-specific cancer-cell intrinsic expression of a gene of interest. The second stage places the gene within a network module. We validate the method in simulation experiments, show improved performance relative to differential expression analysis from bulk samples, and apply it to illuminate the role of the mesothelin (MSLN) network in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The network analysis and subsequent experimental validation in a panel of PDAC cell lines suggests AKT activation by MSLN through two known activators, retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) and tyrosine kinase non receptor 2 (TNK2). Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential of histoepigenetic analysis to reveal cancer-cell specific molecular interactions directly from patient tumor profiles.
Collapse
|
28
|
Coelho R, Ricardo S, Amaral AL, Huang YL, Nunes M, Neves JP, Mendes N, López MN, Bartosch C, Ferreira V, Portugal R, Lopes JM, Almeida R, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Jacob F, David L. Regulation of invasion and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer by mesothelin manipulation. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:61. [PMID: 32612258 PMCID: PMC7329842 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is a particular form of metastasis typically observed in ovarian cancer and the major cause for poor patient’s outcome. Identification of the molecular players involved in ovarian cancer dissemination can offer an approach to develop treatment strategies to improve clinical prognosis. Here, we identified mesothelin (MSLN) as a crucial protein in the multistep process of peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. We demonstrated that MSLN is overexpressed in primary and matched peritoneal metastasis of high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSC). Using several genetically engineered ovarian cancer cell lines, resulting in loss or gain of function, we found that MSLN increased cell survival in suspension and invasion of tumor cells through the mesothelial cell layer in vitro. Intraperitoneal xenografts established with MSLNhigh ovarian cancer cell lines showed enhanced tumor burden and spread within the peritoneal cavity. These findings provide strong evidences that MSLN is a key player in ovarian cancer progression by triggering peritoneal dissemination and provide support for further clinical investigation of MSLN as a therapeutic target in HGSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Coelho
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Amaral
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Glyco-Oncology, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Neves
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Histology and Electron Microscopy, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Nuñez López
- Glyco-Oncology, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Verónica Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Portugal
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Cell Signaling and Metabolism Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Gynecological Cancer Center and Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Glyco-Oncology, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leonor David
- Differentiation and Cancer group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mesothelin-Targeted Recombinant Immunotoxins for Solid Tumors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10070973. [PMID: 32605175 PMCID: PMC7408136 DOI: 10.3390/biom10070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein normally expressed only on serosal surfaces, and not found in the parenchyma of vital organs. Many solid tumors also express MSLN, including mesothelioma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Due to this favorable expression profile, MSLN represents a viable target for directed anti-neoplastic therapies, such as recombinant immunotoxins (iToxs). Pre-clinical testing of MSLN-targeted iTox’s has yielded a strong body of evidence for activity against a number of solid tumors. This has led to multiple clinical trials, testing the safety and efficacy of the clinical leads SS1P and LMB-100. While promising clinical results have been observed, neutralizing anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation presents a major challenge to overcome in the therapeutic development process. Additionally, on-target, off-tumor toxicity from serositis and non-specific capillary leak syndrome (CLS) also limits the dose, and therefore, impact anti-tumor activity. This review summarizes existing pre-clinical and clinical data on MSLN-targeted iTox’s. In addition, we address the potential future directions of research to enhance the activity of these anti-tumor agents.
Collapse
|
30
|
Montemagno C, Cassim S, Pouyssegur J, Broisat A, Pagès G. From Malignant Progression to Therapeutic Targeting: Current Insights of Mesothelin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4067. [PMID: 32517181 PMCID: PMC7312874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), accounting for 90% of all pancreatic tumors, is a highly devastating disease with poor prognosis and rising incidence. The lack of available specific diagnostics tests and the limited treatment opportunities contribute to this pejorative issue. Over the last 10 years, a growing interest pointing towards mesothelin (MSLN) as a promising PDAC-associated antigen has emerged. The limited expression of MSLN in normal tissues (peritoneum, pleura and pericardium) and its overexpression in 80 to 90% of PDAC make it an attractive candidate for therapeutic management of PDAC patients. Moreover, its role in malignant progression related to its involvement in tumor cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy has highlighted the relevance of its targeting. Hence, several clinical trials are investigating anti-MSLN efficacy in PDAC. In this review, we provide a general overview of the different roles sustained by MSLN during PDAC progression. Finally, we also summarize the different MSLN-targeted therapies that are currently tested in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Montemagno
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (S.C.); (J.P.); (G.P.)
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Université Cote d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Shamir Cassim
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (S.C.); (J.P.); (G.P.)
| | - Jacques Pouyssegur
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (S.C.); (J.P.); (G.P.)
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Université Cote d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Alexis Broisat
- Laboratoire Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, INSERM, 1039-Université de Grenoble, 38700 La Tronche, France;
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, 98000 Monaco, Monaco; (S.C.); (J.P.); (G.P.)
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Université Cote d’Azur, CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, 06200 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mesothelial cells regulate immune responses in health and disease: role for immunotherapy in malignant mesothelioma. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 64:88-109. [PMID: 32485577 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The mesothelium when first described was thought to function purely as a non-adhesive surface to facilitate intracoelomic movement of organs. However, the mesothelium is now recognized as a dynamic cellular membrane with many important functions that maintain serosal integrity and homeostasis. For example, mesothelial cells interact with and help regulate the body's inflammatory and immune system following infection, injury, or malignancy. With recent advances in our understanding of checkpoint molecules and the advent of novel immunotherapy approaches, there has been an increase in the number of studies examining mesothelial and immune cell interaction, in particular the role of these interactions in malignant mesothelioma. This review will highlight some of the recent advances in our understanding of how mesothelial cells help regulate serosal immunity and how in a malignant environment, the immune system is hijacked to stimulate tumor growth. Ways to treat mesothelioma using immunotherapy approaches will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
32
|
Le K, Wang J, Zhang T, Guo Y, Chang H, Wang S, Zhu B. Overexpression of Mesothelin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:422-427. [PMID: 32174772 PMCID: PMC7053310 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with difficulty in early diagnosis does not respond well to conventional treatments and has not occurred significant improvement in the overall 5-year survival rates. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a tumor differentiation antigen expressed in several solid neoplasms and a limited number of healthy tissues. Its selective expression on malignant cells makes it an interesting candidate for investigation as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target. In this study, we detected the expression of MSLN in PDAC and analyzed the correlation between the expression of MSLN and clinicopathological data, so as to provide more theoretical basis for the role of MSLN in the diagnosis and treatment of PDAC. Patients and methods: Cancer and para-cancer tissues of 24 cases with PDAC were assessed by standardized immunohistochemical (IHC) detection with two kinds of anti-MSLN antibodies (EPR4509 and EPR19025-42) to detect their positive expression rates and study the correlation between the expression of MSLN and the clinicopathological data. Results: The two anti-MSLN antibodies of cancer tissues showed positive expression with tan yellow or tan brown granules diffusely distributed on the cell membrane in 22 of 24 cases with PDAC (positive rate of 91.67%), and the positive expression of the two antibodies EPR4509 and EPR19025-42 was completely consistent in all tissue samples. No expression of the two anti-MSLN antibodies was found in para-cancer tissues and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=40.615, p=0.000, p<0.05) when compared with PDAC tissues. There was no significant correlation between MSLN expression and clinicopathological data, such as gender, tumor size, location, pathological stage, differentiation degree and lymph node metastasis (p>0.05). Conclusion: MSLN was highly expressed in PDAC tissues, but not in paracancerous tissues. There was no significant correlation between MSLN expression and clinicopathological factors. The overexpression of MSLN may have promising prospects in diagnosis, targeted therapy and immunotherapy of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Le
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Urology Surgery, Aerospace Center Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Liang Xiang Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Inoue S, Tsunoda T, Riku M, Ito H, Inoko A, Murakami H, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Pastan I, Kasugai K, Kasai K, Ikeda H, Inaguma S. Diffuse mesothelin expression leads to worse prognosis through enhanced cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1741-1750. [PMID: 32194667 PMCID: PMC7039175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface protein that is highly expressed in several types of malignant tumor, including malignant pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, a comprehensive immunohistochemical study using MN-1 monoclonal antibody identified a significant number of colorectal tumors in which MSLN was expressed. However, the clinicopathological profiles and survival of patients with MSLN-positive colorectal cancer have not been fully analyzed. In the current study, the expression of MSLN in 270 primary and 44 metastatic colorectal tumors was immunohistochemically analyzed to determine the clinical usefulness of MSLN immunohistochemistry and to identify potential candidates for future anti-MSLN therapy. In vitro experiments using colon cancer cell lines were performed to investigate the biological significance of MSLN expression in tumors. The results of univariate analyses identified a significant correlation between MSLN expression and females (P=0.0042). Furthermore, an inverse correlation between MSLN expression and solid/sheet-like proliferation (P=0.014) was also revealed. Additionally, overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with diffuse luminal/membranous expression of MSLN (P=0.018). Multivariable Cox hazards regression analysis revealed diffuse MSLN expression (hazard ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.91; P=0.039) as a potential risk factor. When comparing primary CRCs and the metastasis of each, a weakly positive correlation was identified for MSLN positivity (% positive cells; R=0.484; P<0.0001). The in vitro experiments revealed a positive role for MSLN in colon cancer cell proliferation. Thus, MSLN immunohistochemistry may be useful in the prognostication of patients with CRC. The results demonstrated that significant numbers of patients with MSLN-positive CRC exhibiting metastasis could be targeted by anti-MSLN therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nichetti F, Marra A, Corti F, Guidi A, Raimondi A, Prinzi N, de Braud F, Pusceddu S. The Role of Mesothelin as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Target Oncol 2019; 13:333-351. [PMID: 29656320 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelin is a tumor differentiation antigen, which is highly expressed in several solid neoplasms, including pancreatic cancer. Its selective expression on malignant cells and on only a limited number of healthy tissues has made it an interesting candidate for investigation as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and as a therapeutic target. Based on a strong preclinical rationale, a number of therapeutic agents targeting mesothelin have entered clinical trials, including immunotoxins, monoclonal antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, cancer vaccines, and adoptive T cell therapies with chimeric antigen receptors. In pancreatic cancer, mesothelin has been investigated mainly to address two unmet issues: the urgent need for new laboratory techniques for early tumor detection and the lack of successfully targetable oncogenic alterations for patients' treatment. In this review, we describe the clinicopathological significance of mesothelin expression in pancreatic cancer initiation and progression, we summarize available studies evaluating mesothelin as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in this disease, and we discuss current evidence and future perspectives of preclinical and clinical studies testing mesothelin as a molecular target for pancreatic cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Marra
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Paolo, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Corti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Guidi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Raimondi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Natalie Prinzi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Pusceddu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li T, Li H, Li S, Xu S, Zhang W, Gao H, Xu H, Wu C, Wang W, Yu X, Liu L. Research progress and design optimization of CAR-T therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:5223-5231. [PMID: 31339230 PMCID: PMC6718528 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant cancer with limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) are genetically engineered T cells that can specifically kill tumor cells without major histocompatibility complex restriction. Encouraging progress in CAR-T therapy for PDAC has been made in preclinical and early phase clinical trials. Challenges in CAR-T therapy for solid tumors still exist, including immunosuppressive microenvironment, interstitial barrier, poor chemotaxis, and the "on-target, off-tumor" effect. Applying neoantigens of PDAC as targets for CAR-T therapy, recognizing the CAR-T subgroup with better antitumor effect, and designing a CAR-T system targeting stroma of PDAC may contribute to develop a powerful CAR-T therapy for PDAC in the future.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Chemotaxis/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Research
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Heli Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Huaxiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Chuntao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer CentreFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cerise A, Bera TK, Liu X, Wei J, Pastan I. Anti-Mesothelin Recombinant Immunotoxin Therapy for Colorectal Cancer. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019; 18:192-199.e1. [PMID: 31345777 PMCID: PMC8317202 DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface glycoprotein expressed at a high level on many malignancies, including pancreatic adenocarcinoma, serous ovarian cancer, and epithelioid mesothelioma. MSLN-targeted recombinant immunotoxins (RITs) consist of an anti-MSLN Fv fused to the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Recent data has also shown that MSLN is expressed at clinically relevant levels on the surface of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, CRC cell lines were tested for MSLN expression and susceptibility to MSLN-targeted RITs. MATERIALS AND METHODS CRC cell lines were tested for membranous MSLN expression via flow cytometry. Cell lines expressing MSLN were tested by WST-8 cell viability assay for sensitivity to various RITs and chemotherapeutic agents. CRC cell line SW-48 was tested in a mouse model for response to RIT as a single agent or in combination with actinomycin D and oxaliplatin. RESULTS CRC cell lines were susceptible to anti-MSLN RITs at half maximal inhibitory concentration levels comparable with those previously described in pancreatic cancer cell lines. In a nude mouse model, MSLN-targeted RIT treatment of SW48 CRC tumors resulted in a significant decrease in tumor volume. Although combination therapy with standard of care chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin did not improve tumor regressions, combination therapy with actinomycin D resulted in > 90% tumor volume reduction with 50% complete regressions. CONCLUSIONS These data support the development of anti-MSLN RITs as well as other MSLN-targeted therapies for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cerise
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tapan K Bera
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Xiufen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Junxia Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shiraishi T, Shinto E, Mochizuki S, Tsuda H, Kajiwara Y, Okamoto K, Einama T, Hase K, Ueno H. Mesothelin expression has prognostic value in stage ΙΙ/ΙΙΙ colorectal cancer. Virchows Arch 2019; 474:297-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-02514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
38
|
Leal AD, Krishnamurthy A, Head L, Messersmith WA. Antibody drug conjugates under investigation in phase I and phase II clinical trials for gastrointestinal cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:901-916. [PMID: 30359534 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1541085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a developing class of anticancer therapeutics which are designed to selectively deliver a cytotoxic payload to tumors, while limiting systemic toxicity to healthy tissues. There are several ADCs which are currently in various stages of clinical development for the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. AREAS COVERED We discuss the biologic rationale and review the clinical experience with ADCs in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies, summarizing the pre-clinical and phase I/II clinical trial data that have been completed or are ongoing. EXPERT OPINION While there have been significant advances in the development of ADCs since they were first introduced, several challenges remain. These challenges include (i) the selection of an ideal antigen target which is tumor specific and internalized upon binding, (ii) selection of an antibody which has high affinity for its antigen target and low immunogenicity, (iii) selection of a potent payload which is cytotoxic at sub-nanomolar concentrations, and (iv) optimal design of a linker to confer ADC stability with limited off-site toxicity. Efforts are ongoing to address these issues and innovate the ADC technology to improve the safety and efficacy of these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Leal
- a Division of Medical Oncology , University of Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA
| | | | - Lia Head
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Colorado , Aurora , CO , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Okła K, Surówka J, Frąszczak K, Czerwonka A, Kaławaj K, Wawruszak A, Kotarski J, Wertel I. Assessment of the clinicopathological relevance of mesothelin level in plasma, peritoneal fluid, and tumor tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2018; 40:1010428318804937. [DOI: 10.1177/1010428318804937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. This is due to lack of effective screening, diagnosis predominance in late stage of disease, a high recurrence rate after primary therapy, and poor treatment response in platinum-resistant tumor. Thus, unique biomarkers, predictive of individual disease course, and prognosis are urgently needed. The aim of our study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of plasma, peritoneal fluid, and tumor tissue levels of mesothelin in epithelial ovarian cancer patients. Plasma and peritoneal fluid levels of mesothelin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue expression of MSLN was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Preoperative plasma mesothelin levels were significantly higher in epithelial ovarian cancer patients in comparison to the patients with benign tumor and controls. There have been noticed significant differences in the plasma mesothelin levels based on International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, grade, and histology type. No significant changes were observed between Kurman and Shih type I versus type II epithelial ovarian cancer. Interestingly, peritoneal fluid mesothelin levels revealed significant differences based on both grade and Kurman and Shih–type epithelial ovarian cancer. There were no relevant changes in the mesothelin level in peritoneal fluid between different stages and histology types compared to benign tumor. MSLN expression level in tumor tissue was significantly higher based on stage, grade, and Kurman and Shih–type epithelial ovarian cancer than in the benign masses. In addition, data showed significant higher MSLN expression in endometrioid tumors compared to benign masses and serous tumors. Plasma, peritoneal fluid, and tumor tissue levels of mesothelin positively correlated with level of CA125. Low mesothelin concentrations in plasma were also associated with prolonged patient survival. More importantly, we revealed that plasma mesothelin level was correlated with both peritoneal fluid mesothelin level and tumor MSLN expression. This study highlights that plasma mesothelin level may be a useful noninvasive biomarker surrogate for local tumor mesothelin status in monitoring of epithelial ovarian cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Okła
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Surówka
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Frąszczak
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Czerwonka
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaławaj
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jan Kotarski
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Tumor Immunology Laboratory, The First Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hilliard TS. The Impact of Mesothelin in the Ovarian Cancer Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E277. [PMID: 30134520 PMCID: PMC6162689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological disease among U.S. women. Poor 5-year survival rates (<30%) are due to presentation of most women at diagnosis with advanced stage disease with widely disseminated intraperitoneal metastasis. However, when diagnosed before metastatic propagation the overall 5-year survival rate is >90%. Metastasizing tumor cells grow rapidly and aggressively attach to the mesothelium of all organs within the peritoneal cavity, including the parietal peritoneum and the omentum, producing secondary lesions. In this review, the involvement of mesothelin (MSLN) in the tumor microenvironment is discussed. MSLN, a 40kDa glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancers including ovarian and mesotheliomas is suggested to play a role in cell survival, proliferation, tumor progression, and adherence. However, the biological function of MSLN is not fully understood as MSLN knockout mice do not present with an abnormal phenotype. Conversely, MSLN has been shown to bind to the ovarian cancer antigen, CA-125, and thought to play a role in the peritoneal diffusion of ovarian tumor cells. Although the cancer-specific expression of MSLN makes it a potential therapeutic target, more studies are needed to validate the role of MSLN in tumor metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Inaguma S, Wang Z, Lasota J, Onda M, Czapiewski P, Langfort R, Rys J, Szpor J, Waloszczyk P, Okoń K, Biernat W, Ikeda H, Schrump DS, Hassan R, Pastan I, Miettinen M. Comprehensive immunohistochemical study of mesothelin (MSLN) using different monoclonal antibodies 5B2 and MN-1 in 1562 tumors with evaluation of its prognostic value in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26744-26754. [PMID: 28460459 PMCID: PMC5432294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface protein highly expressed in several types of malignant tumors sometimes in association with increased tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome. In the present study, 1562 tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for mesothelin expression using two different types of mouse monoclonal antibodies (5B2 and MN-1) to determine the clinical usefulness of mesothelin immunohistochemistry as well as to pinpoint potential targets for future anti-mesothelin therapy. Also, characterization of selected mesothelin-positive tumors was performed by immunohistochemistry and oncogene sequencing. Among the tumors analyzed, the highest frequencies of mesothelin-positivity were detected in ovarian serous carcinoma (90% in 5B2 and 94% in MN-1). Both antibodies showed frequent positivity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (71% using 5B2 and 87% using MN-1) and malignant pleural mesothelioma (75% using 5B2 and 78% using MN-1). In malignant mesothelioma, overall survival was significantly longer in the cohort of patients with diffuse membranous expression of mesothelin (P < 0.001). Both antibodies showed positive staining in thymic carcinoma (77% in 5B2 and 59% in MN-1), however, no expression was detected in thymoma. No correlation was detected between mesothelin expression and mismatch repair system deficient phenotype or gene mutation (BRAF and RAS) status in gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas. Mesothelin immunohistochemistry may assist the differential diagnosis of thymoma vs. thymic carcinoma as well as prognostication of mesothelioma patients. Our results demonstrate that patients with solid tumors expressing mesothelin could be targeted by anti-mesothelin therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Inaguma
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Zengfeng Wang
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masanori Onda
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Renata Langfort
- Department of Pathology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Rys
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Centre of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Institute, Krakow Branch, Poland
| | - Joanna Szpor
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Department of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tesfaye AA, Kamgar M, Azmi A, Philip PA. The evolution into personalized therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: challenges and opportunities. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:131-148. [PMID: 29254387 PMCID: PMC6121777 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1417844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in the United States in 2030, with a 5-year overall survival of less than 10% despite decades of extensive research. Pancreatic cancer is marked by the accumulation of complex molecular changes, complex tumor-stroma interaction, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. PDAC has proven to be resistant to many cytotoxic, targeted and immunologic treatment approaches. Areas covered: In this paper, we review the major areas of research in PDAC, with highlights on the challenges and areas of opportunity for personalized treatment approaches. Expert commentary: The focus of research in pancreatic cancer has moved away from developing conventional cytotoxic combinations. The marked advances in understanding the molecular biology of this disease especially in the areas of the microenvironment, metabolism, and DNA repair have opened new opportunities for developing novel treatment strategies. Improved understanding of molecular abnormalities allows the development of personalized treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh A Tesfaye
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Mandana Kamgar
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Asfar Azmi
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
| | - Philip A Philip
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
- Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Foddis R, Bonotti A, Landi S, Fallahi P, Guglielmi G, Cristaudo A. Biomarkers in the prevention and follow-up of workers exposed to asbestos. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S360-S368. [PMID: 29507806 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although in most developed countries the use of asbestos is banned, there is still a consistent portion of the world where asbestos extraction, trading and manufacturing of asbestos-made products is largely diffuse. Worldwide, hundreds of millions of people are at risk of developing an asbestos caused disease because of occupational, environmental or domestic exposure. The WHO estimates that asbestos is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths yearly. This scenario has prompted the research on biomarkers potentially useful for early diagnosis, prognosis and preventive programs on exposed population as well. Here we reviewed the up-to-date literature on this field of research highlighting that along with mesothelin and osteopontin (OPN), some more recently investigated molecules, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, fibulin-3 and some miRNAs showed very promising. Most of the carried-out studies showed an interesting diagnostic and prognostic performance of some biomarkers, but since they usually lack adequate either specificity or sensitivity, their use in screening or in preventive programs is still not recommended on a routine basis. However, this review suggests the need for more reliable experimental design involving larger population and preferring longitudinal screening of asbestos exposed individuals rather than a single baseline assessment investigation. In addition, given their better diagnostic accuracy, the use of panels including several biomarkers is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonotti
- Operative Unit of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Guglielmi
- Operative Unit of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Coelho R, Marcos-Silva L, Ricardo S, Ponte F, Costa A, Lopes JM, David L. Peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer: role of MUC16-mesothelin interaction and implications for treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2017; 18:177-186. [PMID: 29241375 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1418326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peritoneal dissemination is a particular form of malignant progression in ovarian cancer, preceding hematogenic or lymphatic dissemination. Thus, prevention of peritoneal implantation of cancer cells is envisioned to inhibit neoplastic dissemination and therefore prolong disease remission and patient's survival. Areas covered: An extended review on the role of MUC16 (CA125) and mesothelin (MSLN), expressed in a high percentage of ovarian carcinomas, indicate that this duet is relevant for the contact between cancer cells and mesothelial cells in homotypic (cancer cell-cancer cell) and heterotypic (cancer cell-mesothelial cell) interactions. This review discusses the reasons underlying the clinical failure of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting MUC16. Clinical data on MSLN targeting agents such as antibody-based immunotoxins or antibody drug conjugates are also reviewed. The promising anti-tumor effect of CAR-T cells directed to MUC16 or MSLN is emphasized. New emerging strategies specifically disrupting the MUC16-MSLN interaction are at the forefront of this review, including TRAIL ligands bound to MSLN targeting MUC16 expressing cells and single chain monoclonal antibodies and immunoadhesins recognizing MSLN-MUC16 binding domains. Expert commentary: Based on existing evidences the authors advocate that agents targeting MUC16-MSLN may add to the therapeutic armamentarium directed to abrogate peritoneal homing of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Coelho
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Lara Marcos-Silva
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c Animal Cell Technology Unit, ITQB, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier , Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal and iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica , Oeiras , Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Filipa Ponte
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Antonia Costa
- b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d Gynecology and Obstetrics Department , Centro hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal.,e Monitoring and simulation of perinatal asphyxia group, INEB/i3S, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Jose Manuel Lopes
- b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,f Pathology Department , Centro hospitalar de São João , Porto , Portugal.,g Cancer Cell Signalling and Metabolism Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Leonor David
- a Differentiation and Cancer Group, IPATIMUP/i3S , Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto/Institute for Research and Innovation in Health of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b FMUP , Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Alfaleh MA, Howard CB, Sedliarou I, Jones ML, Gudhka R, Vanegas N, Weiss J, Suurbach JH, de Bakker CJ, Milne MR, Rumballe BA, MacDiarmid JA, Brahmbhatt H, Mahler SM. Targeting mesothelin receptors with drug-loaded bacterial nanocells suppresses human mesothelioma tumour growth in mouse xenograft models. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186137. [PMID: 29059207 PMCID: PMC5653298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant mesothelioma is a chemoresistant tumour that develops from mesothelial cells, commonly associated with asbestos exposure. Malignant mesothelioma incidence rates in European countries are still rising and Australia has one of the highest burdens of malignant mesothelioma on a population basis in the world. Therapy using systemic delivery of free cytotoxic agents is associated with many undesirable side effects due to non-selectivity, and is thus dose-limited which limits its therapeutic potential. Therefore, increasing the selectivity of anti-cancer agents has the potential to dramatically enhance drug efficacy and reduce toxicity. EnGeneIC Dream Vectors (EDV) are antibody-targeted nanocells which can be loaded with cytotoxic drugs and delivered to specific cancer cells via bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) which target the EDV and a cancer cell-specific receptor, simultaneously. BsAbs were designed to target doxorubicin-loaded EDVs to cancer cells via cell surface mesothelin (MSLN). Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell binding and induction of apoptosis, and confocal microscopy to visualize internalization. Mouse xenograft models were used to assess anti-tumour effects in vivo, followed by immunohistochemistry for ex vivo evaluation of proliferation and necrosis. BsAb-targeted, doxorubicin-loaded EDVs were able to bind to and internalize within mesothelioma cells in vitro via MSLN receptors and induce apoptosis. In mice xenografts, the BsAb-targeted, doxorubicin-loaded EDVs suppressed the tumour growth and also decreased cell proliferation. Thus, the use of MSLN-specific antibodies to deliver encapsulated doxorubicin can provide a novel and alternative modality for treatment of mesothelioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ilya Sedliarou
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martina L. Jones
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Reema Gudhka
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha Vanegas
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Weiss
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia H. Suurbach
- Cancer Therapeutics, EnGeneIC Ltd, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J. de Bakker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael R. Milne
- Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bree A. Rumballe
- Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Feygenzon V, Loewenstein S, Lubezky N, Pasmanic-Chor M, Sher O, Klausner JM, Lahat G. Unique cellular interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and the omentum. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28632775 PMCID: PMC5478139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a common cause of cancer-related mortality. Omental spread is frequent and usually represents an ominous event, leading to patient death. Omental metastasis has been studied in ovarian cancer, but data on its role in pancreatic cancer are relatively scarce and the molecular biology of this process has yet to be explored. We prepared tissue explants from human omental fat, and used conditioned medium from the explants for various in vitro and in vivo experiments designed to evaluate pancreatic cancer development, growth, and survival. Mass spectrometry identified the fat secretome, and mRNA array identified specific fat-induced molecular alternations in tumor cells. Omental fat increased pancreatic cancer cellular growth, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. We identified diverse potential molecules secreted by the omentum, which are associated with various pro-tumorigenic biological processes. Our mRNA array identified specific omental-induced molecular alternations that are associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Omental fat increased the expression of transcription factors, mRNA of extracellular matrix proteins, and adhesion molecules. In support with our in vitro data, in vivo experiments demonstrated an increased pancreatic cancer tumor growth rate of PANC-1 cells co-cultured for 24 hours with human omental fat conditioned medium. Our results provide novel data on the role of omental tissue in omental metastases of pancreatic cancer. They imply that omental fat secreted factors induce cellular reprogramming of pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in increased tumor aggressiveness. Understanding the mechanisms of omental metastases may enable us to discover new potential targets for therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerya Feygenzon
- Sackler School of Medicine, The Nicholas and Elizabeth Cathedra of Experimental Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shelly Loewenstein
- Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Nir Lubezky
- Sackler School of Medicine, The Nicholas and Elizabeth Cathedra of Experimental Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Osnat Sher
- Sackler School of Medicine, The Nicholas and Elizabeth Cathedra of Experimental Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph M. Klausner
- Sackler School of Medicine, The Nicholas and Elizabeth Cathedra of Experimental Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Lahat
- Sackler School of Medicine, The Nicholas and Elizabeth Cathedra of Experimental Surgery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
He X, Wang L, Riedel H, Wang K, Yang Y, Dinu CZ, Rojanasakul Y. Mesothelin promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and tumorigenicity of human lung cancer and mesothelioma cells. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:63. [PMID: 28288645 PMCID: PMC5348784 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0633-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer and pleural mesothelioma are two of the most deadly forms of cancer. The prognosis of lung cancer and mesothelioma is extremely poor due to limited treatment modalities and lack of understanding of the disease mechanisms. We have identified mesothelin as a potentially unique therapeutic target that as a specific advantage appears nonessential in most cell types. Mesothelin (MSLN), a plasma membrane differentiation antigen, is expressed at a high level in many human solid tumors, including 70% of lung cancer and nearly all mesotheliomas. However, the role of MSLN in the disease process and underlying mechanisms is largely unknown. Methods ShRNA knockdown and overexpression of MSLN were performed in human cancer cell lines and corresponding normal cells, respectively. Tumorigenic and metastatic effects of MSLN were examined by tumor sphere formation, migration, and invasion assays in vitro, as well as xenograft tumor assay in vivo. EMT and CSCs were detected by qPCR array, immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Results MSLN plays a key role in controlling epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem properties of human lung cancer and mesothelioma cells that control their tumorigenicity and metastatic potential. Firstly, MSLN was found to be highly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient tissues and in lung carcinoma and mesothelioma cell lines. Secondly, genetic knockdown of MSLN significantly reduced anchorage-independent cell growth, tumor sphere formation, cell adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro, as well as tumor formation and metastasis in vivo. Thirdly, ectopic overexpression of MSLN induced the malignant phenotype of non-cancerous cells, supporting its role as an oncogene. Finally, mechanistic studies revealed that knockdown of MSLN reversed EMT and attenuated stem cell properties, in addition to inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusions These results indicate an essential role of MSLN in controlling EMT and stem cell properties of human lung cancer and mesothelioma cells. Since EMT is an important process in tumor progression and metastasis, and MSLN is nonessential in most normal tissue, our findings on MSLN may provide new insights into the disease mechanisms and may aid in the development of novel targeted therapy for lung cancer and mesothelioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Liying Wang
- HELD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Road, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Heimo Riedel
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.,WVU Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, West Virginia University, 395 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, West Virginia University, 395 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, West Virginia University, 395 Evansdale Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA. .,WVU Cancer Institute, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Pop VV, Seicean A, Lupan I, Samasca G, Burz CC. IL-6 roles - Molecular pathway and clinical implication in pancreatic cancer - A systemic review. Immunol Lett 2017; 181:45-50. [PMID: 27876525 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has attracted a great deal of attention owing to the poor outcome, increasing prevalence in the last years and delay diagnosis. Known as a complex disease, it involves genetic mutations, changes in tumour microenvironment and inflammatory component dominated by interleukin-6 and its activated pathways, like Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Translation3, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase and Androgen receptor. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a central role in oncogenesis, cancer progression, invasiveness, microenvironment changes, treatment resistance, prognosis and associated co morbidities like cachexia and depression. Fulfilling these roles IL-6 requires special attention to understand its complexity in PC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vlad-Vasile Pop
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrada Seicean
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. Of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Lupan
- Babes Bolyai University, Department of Molecular Biology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Samasca
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Emergency Hospital for Children, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Claudia-Cristina Burz
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dept. Of Immunology and Allergology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Ion Chiricuta Institute of Oncology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hassan R, Thomas A, Alewine C, Le DT, Jaffee EM, Pastan I. Mesothelin Immunotherapy for Cancer: Ready for Prime Time? J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:4171-4179. [PMID: 27863199 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.68.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin is a tumor antigen that is highly expressed in many human cancers, including malignant mesothelioma and pancreatic, ovarian, and lung adenocarcinomas. It is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy because its normal expression is limited to mesothelial cells, which are dispensable. Several antibody-based therapeutic agents as well as vaccine and T-cell therapies directed at mesothelin are undergoing clinical evaluation. These include antimesothelin immunotoxins (SS1P, RG7787/LMB-100), chimeric antimesothelin antibody (amatuximab), mesothelin-directed antibody drug conjugates (anetumab ravtansine, DMOT4039A, BMS-986148), live attenuated Listeria monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin (CRS-207, JNJ-64041757), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies. Two antimesothelin agents are currently in multicenter clinical registration trials for malignant mesothelioma: amatuximab in the first-line setting and anetumab ravtansine as second-line therapy. Phase II randomized clinical trials of CRS-207 as a boosting agent and in combination with immune checkpoint inhibition for pancreatic cancer are nearing completion. These ongoing studies will define the utility of mesothelin immunotherapy for treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffit Hassan
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Anish Thomas
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Christine Alewine
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Dung T Le
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ira Pastan
- Raffit Hassan, Anish Thomas, Christine Alewine, and Ira Pastan, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda; and Dung T. Le and Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
He X, Despeaux E, Stueckle TA, Chi A, Castranova V, Dinu CZ, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y. Role of mesothelin in carbon nanotube-induced carcinogenic transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L538-49. [PMID: 27422997 PMCID: PMC5142212 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00139.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been likened to asbestos in terms of morphology and toxicity. CNT exposure can lead to pulmonary fibrosis and promotion of tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying CNT-induced carcinogenesis are not well defined. Mesothelin (MSLN) is overexpressed in many human tumors, including mesotheliomas and pancreatic and ovarian carcinomas. In this study, the role of MSLN in the carcinogenic transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells chronically exposed to single-walled CNT (BSW) was investigated. MSLN overexpression was found in human lung tumors, lung cancer cell lines, and BSW cells. The functional role of MSLN in the BSW cells was then investigated by using stably transfected MSLN knockdown (BSW shMSLN) cells. MSLN knockdown resulted in significantly decreased invasion, migration, colonies on soft agar, and tumor sphere formation. In vivo, BSW shMSLN cells formed smaller primary tumors and less metastases. The mechanism by which MSLN contributes to these more aggressive behaviors was investigated by using ingenuity pathway analysis, which predicted that increased MSLN could induce cyclin E expression. We found that BSW shMSLN cells had decreased cyclin E, and their proliferation rate was reverted to nearly that of untransformed cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that the BSW shMSLN cells had an increased G2 population and a decreased S phase population, which is consistent with the decreased rate of proliferation. Together, our results indicate a novel role of MSLN in the malignant transformation of bronchial epithelial cells following CNT exposure, suggesting its utility as a potential biomarker and drug target for CNT-induced malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Emily Despeaux
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Todd A Stueckle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; HELD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alexander Chi
- WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Cerasela Zoica Dinu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Liying Wang
- HELD, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
| |
Collapse
|