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Chen M, Wang T, Tian D, Hai C, Qiu Z. Induction, growth, drug resistance, and metastasis: A comprehensive summary of the relationship between STAT3 and gastric cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37263. [PMID: 39309860 PMCID: PMC11416542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a prevalent and highly lethal malignancy that poses substantial challenges to healthcare systems globally. Owing to its often asymptomatic nature in early stages, diagnosis frequently occurs at advanced stages when surgical intervention is no longer a viable option, forcing most patients to rely on nonsurgical treatments such as chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and emerging immunotherapies. Unfortunately, the therapeutic response rates for these treatments are suboptimal, and even among responders, the eventual development of drug resistance remains a significant clinical hurdle. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a widely expressed cellular protein that plays crucial roles in regulating cellular processes such as growth, metabolism, and immune function. Aberrant activation of the STAT3 pathway has been implicated in the initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance of several cancers, with gastric cancer being particularly affected. Dysregulated STAT3 signaling not only drives tumorigenesis but also facilitates the development of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies, as well as promotes metastatic dissemination. In this study, we explored the critical role of the STAT3 signaling cascade in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, its contribution to drug resistance, and its involvement in the metastatic process. Furthermore, we assess recent advances in the development of STAT3 inhibitors and their potential application as therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastric cancer. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of STAT3 in gastric cancer and offers a foundation for future research aimed at improving therapeutic outcomes in this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Chen
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Gastric Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dianzhe Tian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chaorui Hai
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Qiu
- School of Public Health, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Tu M, Ge B, Li J, Pan Y, Zhao B, Han J, Wu J, Zhang K, Liu G, Hou M, Yue M, Han X, Sun T, An Y. Emerging biological functions of Twist1 in cell differentiation. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 39254141 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is required for embryonic development and expresses after birth in mesenchymal stem cells derived from mesoderm, where it governs mesenchymal cell development. As a well-known regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition or embryonic organogenesis, Twist1 is important in a variety of developmental systems, including mesoderm formation, neurogenesis, myogenesis, cranial neural crest cell migration, and differentiation. In this review, we first highlight the physiological significance of Twist1 in cell differentiation, including osteogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic differentiation, and then detail its probable molecular processes and signaling pathways. On this premise, we summarize the significance of Twist1 in distinct developmental disorders and diseases to provide a reference for studies on cell differentiation/development-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bingqian Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanbing Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Binbin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiayang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jialin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Mengwen Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Man Yue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Center for Tumor Molecular Medicine, Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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3
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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Wang W, Lopez McDonald MC, Hariprasad R, Hamilton T, Frank DA. Oncogenic STAT Transcription Factors as Targets for Cancer Therapy: Innovative Strategies and Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1387. [PMID: 38611065 PMCID: PMC11011165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in our understanding of molecular aspects of oncogenesis, cancer remains a leading cause of death. The malignant behavior of a cancer cell is driven by the inappropriate activation of transcription factors. In particular, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), which regulate many critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation, are frequently activated inappropriately in a wide spectrum of human cancers. Multiple signaling pathways converge on the STATs, highlighting their importance in the development and progression of oncogenic diseases. STAT3 and STAT5 are two members of the STAT protein family that are the most frequently activated in cancers and can drive cancer pathogenesis directly. The development of inhibitors targeting STAT3 and STAT5 has been the subject of intense investigations in the last decade, although effective treatment options remain limited. In this review, we investigate the specific roles of STAT3 and STAT5 in normal physiology and cancer biology, discuss the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators, and offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies to identify STAT inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Melanie Cristina Lopez McDonald
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | | | - Tiara Hamilton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
| | - David A. Frank
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (W.W.); (M.C.L.M.); (T.H.)
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5
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Mirjat D, Kashif M, Roberts CM. Shake It Up Baby Now: The Changing Focus on TWIST1 and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17539. [PMID: 38139368 PMCID: PMC10743446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 is a transcription factor that is necessary for healthy neural crest migration, mesoderm development, and gastrulation. It functions as a key regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which cells lose their polarity and gain the ability to migrate. EMT is often reactivated in cancers, where it is strongly associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Early work on TWIST1 in adult tissues focused on its transcriptional targets and how EMT gave rise to metastatic cells. In recent years, the roles of TWIST1 and other EMT factors in cancer have expanded greatly as our understanding of tumor progression has advanced. TWIST1 and related factors are frequently tied to cancer cell stemness and changes in therapeutic responses and thus are now being viewed as attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight non-metastatic roles for TWIST1 and related EMT factors in cancer and other disorders, discuss recent findings in the areas of therapeutic resistance and stemness in cancer, and comment on the potential to target EMT for therapy. Further research into EMT will inform novel treatment combinations and strategies for advanced cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dureali Mirjat
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Cai M. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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6
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Krzysiek-Maczka G, Brzozowski T, Ptak-Belowska A. Helicobacter pylori-activated fibroblasts as a silent partner in gastric cancer development. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1219-1256. [PMID: 37460910 PMCID: PMC10713772 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection of gastric mucosa leading to active chronic gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, and MALT lymphoma laid the groundwork for understanding of the general relationship between chronic infection, inflammation, and cancer. Nevertheless, this sequence of events is still far from full understanding with new players and mediators being constantly identified. Originally, the Hp virulence factors affecting mainly gastric epithelium were proposed to contribute considerably to gastric inflammation, ulceration, and cancer. Furthermore, it has been shown that Hp possesses the ability to penetrate the mucus layer and directly interact with stroma components including fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. These cells, which are the source of biophysical and biochemical signals providing the proper balance between cell proliferation and differentiation within gastric epithelial stem cell compartment, when exposed to Hp, can convert into cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) phenotype. The crosstalk between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts with gastric epithelial cells including stem/progenitor cell niche involves several pathways mediated by non-coding RNAs, Wnt, BMP, TGF-β, and Notch signaling ligands. The current review concentrates on the consequences of Hp-induced increase in gastric fibroblast and myofibroblast number, and their activation towards CAFs with the emphasis to the altered communication between mesenchymal and epithelial cell compartment, which may lead to inflammation, epithelial stem cell overproliferation, disturbed differentiation, and gradual gastric cancer development. Thus, Hp-activated fibroblasts may constitute the target for anti-cancer treatment and, importantly, for the pharmacotherapies diminishing their activation particularly at the early stages of Hp infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracjana Krzysiek-Maczka
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, the Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 16 Grzegorzecka Street, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
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He Y, He P, Lu S, Dong W. KIFC3 Regulates the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer via Notch1 pathway. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1270-1279. [PMID: 36890049 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KIFC3 is a member of the kinesin family which has shown great promise in cancer therapy recently. In this study, we sought to elucidate the role of KIFC3 in the development of GC and its possible mechanisms. METHODS Two databases and a tissue microarray were used to explore the expression of KIFC3 and its correlation with patients' clinicopathological characteristics. Cell proliferation was examined by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation assay. Wound healing assay and transwell assay were performed to examine cell metastasis ability. EMT and Notch signaling related proteins were detected by western blot. Additionally, a xenograft tumor model was established to investigate the function of KIFC3 in vivo. RESULTS The expression of KIFC3 was upregulated in GC, and was associated with higher T stage and poor prognosis in GC patients. The proliferation and metastasis ability of GC cells were promoted by KIFC3 overexpression while inhibited by KIFC3 knockdown in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, KIFC3 might activate the Notch1 pathway to facilitate the progression of GC, and DAPT, an inhibitor of Notch signaling, could reverse this effect. CONCLUSION Together, our data revealed that KIFC3 could enhance the progression and metastasis of GC by activating the Notch1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Pengzhan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shimin Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Central Laboratory of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Dong Y, Ma G, Hou X, Han Y, Ding Z, Tang W, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhou B, Rao F, Lv K, Du C, Cao H. Kindlin-2 controls angiogenesis through modulating Notch1 signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:223. [PMID: 37480504 PMCID: PMC11072286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Kindlin-2 is critical for development and homeostasis of key organs, including skeleton, liver, islet, etc., yet its role in modulating angiogenesis is unknown. Here, we report that sufficient KINDLIN-2 is extremely important for NOTCH-mediated physiological angiogenesis. The expression of KINDLIN-2 in HUVECs is significantly modulated by angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor A or tumor necrosis factor α. A strong co-localization of CD31 and Kindlin-2 in tissue sections is demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining. Endothelial-cell-specific Kindlin-2 deletion embryos die on E10.5 due to hemorrhage caused by the impaired physiological angiogenesis. Experiments in vitro show that vascular endothelial growth factor A-induced multiple functions of endothelial cells, including migration, matrix proteolysis, morphogenesis and sprouting, are all strengthened by KINDLIN-2 overexpression and severely impaired in the absence of KINDLIN-2. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that KINDLIN-2 inhibits the release of Notch intracellular domain through binding to and maintaining the integrity of NOTCH1. The impaired angiogenesis and avascular retinas caused by KINDLIN-2 deficiency can be rescued by DAPT, an inhibitor of γ-secretase which releases the intracellular domain from NOTCH1. Moreover, we demonstrate that high glucose stimulated hyperactive angiogenesis by increasing KINDLIN-2 expression could be prevented by KINDLIN-2 knockdown, indicating Kindlin-2 as a potential therapeutic target in treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Our study for the first time demonstrates the significance of Kindlin-2 in determining Notch-mediated angiogenesis during development and highlights Kindlin-2 as the potential therapeutic target in angiogenic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechao Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guixing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoting Hou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yingying Han
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wanze Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Litong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yangshan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Feng Rao
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kaosheng Lv
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Changzheng Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Brandstoetter T, Schmoellerl J, Grausenburger R, Kollmann S, Doma E, Huuhtanen J, Klampfl T, Eder T, Grebien F, Hoermann G, Zuber J, Mustjoki S, Maurer B, Sexl V. SBNO2 is a critical mediator of STAT3-driven hematological malignancies. Blood 2023; 141:1831-1845. [PMID: 36630607 PMCID: PMC10646773 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022018494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) gene are recurrently identified in patients with large granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL) and in some cases of natural killer (NK)/T-cell and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. To understand the consequences and molecular mechanisms contributing to disease development and oncogenic transformation, we developed murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell models that express mutated STAT3Y640F. These cells show accelerated proliferation and enhanced self-renewal potential. We integrated gene expression analyses and chromatin occupancy profiling of STAT3Y640F-transformed cells with data from patients with T-LGLL. This approach uncovered a conserved set of direct transcriptional targets of STAT3Y640F. Among these, strawberry notch homolog 2 (SBNO2) represents an essential transcriptional target, which was identified by a comparative genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based loss-of-function screen. The STAT3-SBNO2 axis is also present in NK-cell leukemia, T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and NPM-ALK-rearranged T-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma (T-ALCL), which are driven by STAT3-hyperactivation/mutation. In patients with NPM-ALK+ T-ALCL, high SBNO2 expression correlates with shorter relapse-free and overall survival. Our findings identify SBNO2 as a potential therapeutic intervention site for STAT3-driven hematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Brandstoetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Reinhard Grausenburger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Kollmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Doma
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Thorsten Klampfl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- ICAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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10
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IL-17/Notch1/STAT3 Pathway Contributes to 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Rats: Amelioration by Thymol Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111412. [PMID: 36422542 PMCID: PMC9693479 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug with intestinal mucositis (IM) as a deleterious side effect. Thymol is a monoterpene phenol which has been reported to possess an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity versus 5-FU-induced IM. The Notch pathway affects multiple cellular activities, such as cellular proliferation, in addition to inflammatory responses modulation. Accordingly, this work was carried out in order to elucidate the role of the Notch pathway in 5-FU-induced IM and to further elucidate the immunomodulatory protective mechanisms of thymol. Experimental rats were divided randomly into four groups: Control, 5-FU, 5-FU+thymol (60 mg/kg/day), and 5-FU+thymol (120 mg/kg/day). 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 150 mg/kg on days 6 and 7, while thymol was orally administered daily for 11 days. By the end of the study, intestinal tissues were collected for the determination of IL-17, CD4, CD8, Notch1, Hes-1, pSTAT3, and STAT-3 protein expressions. The effect of thymol on 5-FU cytotoxicity was also examined using WST1 assay. 5-FU induced a marked increase in IL-17 levels, along with a marked downregulation of CD4 and the upregulation of CD8, Notch1, Hes-1 protein expressions, and activation of STAT3 in the intestinal tissue when compared with the control group. Thymol ameliorated the changes that occurred in these parameters. Additionally, cytotoxicity testing revealed that thymol augmented the antiproliferative action of 5-FU against breast and colorectal human cancer cell lines. This study was the first to show that the IL-17/Notch1/STAT3 pathway is involved in the molecular mechanism of 5-FU-induced IM, as well as the immunomodulatory activity of thymol.
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11
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Ferris WF. The Role and Interactions of Programmed Cell Death 4 and its Regulation by microRNA in Transformed Cells of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Oncol 2022; 12:903374. [PMID: 35847932 PMCID: PMC9277020 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.903374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from GLOBOCAN 2020 estimates that there were 19.3 million new cases of cancer and 10.0 million cancer-related deaths in 2020 and that this is predicted to increase by 47% in 2040. The combined burden of cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including oesophageal-, gastric- and colorectal cancers, resulted in 22.6% of the cancer-related deaths in 2020 and 18.7% of new diagnosed cases. Understanding the aetiology of GI tract cancers should have a major impact on future therapies and lessen this substantial burden of disease. Many cancers of the GI tract have suppression of the tumour suppressor Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4) and this has been linked to the expression of microRNAs which bind to the untranslated region of PDCD4 mRNA and either inhibit translation or target the mRNA for degradation. This review highlights the properties of PDCD4 and documents the evidence for the regulation of PDCD4 expression by microRNAs in cancers of the GI tract.
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12
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Using bioinformatics approaches to identify survival-related oncomiRs as potential targets of miRNA-based treatments for lung adenocarcinoma. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4626-4635. [PMID: 36090818 PMCID: PMC9449502 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide, and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common lung cancer subtype. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulate the pattern of gene expression in multiple cancer types and have been explored as potential drug development targets. To develop an oncomiR-based panel, we identified miRNA candidates that show differential expression patterns and are relevant to the worse 5-year overall survival outcomes in LUAD patient samples. We further evaluated various combinations of miRNA candidates for association with 5-year overall survival and identified a four-miRNA panel: miR-9-5p, miR-1246, miR-31-3p, and miR-3136-5p. The combination of these four miRNAs outperformed any single miRNA for predicting 5-year overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.47, log-rank p-value = 0.000271). Experiments were performed on lung cancer cell lines and animal models to validate the effects of these miRNAs. The results showed that singly transfected antagomiRs largely inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion, and the combination of all four antagomiRs considerably reduced cell numbers, which is twice as effective as any single miRNA-targeted transfected. The in vivo studies revealed that antagomiR-mediated knockdown of all four miRNAs significantly reduced tumor growth and metastatic ability of lung cancer cells compared to the negative control group. The success of these in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that these four identified oncomiRs may have therapeutic potential.
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13
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A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis of NOTCH Pathway Involvement in Stomach Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4739868. [PMID: 34925644 PMCID: PMC8674080 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4739868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Activation of NOTCH signaling pathways, which are key regulators of multiple cellular functions, has been frequently implicated in cancer pathogenesis, and NOTCH inhibitors have received much recent focus in the context of cancer therapeutics. However, the role and possible involvement of NOTCH pathways in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) are unclear. Here, putative regulatory mechanisms and functions of NOTCH pathways in STAD were investigated. Methods Publicly available data from the TCGA-STAD database were utilized to explore the involvement of canonical NOTCH pathways in STAD by analyzing RNA expression levels of NOTCH receptors, ligands, and downstream genes. Statistical analysis of the data pertaining to cancer and noncancerous samples was performed using R software packages and public databases/webservers. Results Significant differential gene expression between control and STAD samples was noted for all NOTCH receptors (NOTCH1, 2, 3, and 4), the delta-like NOTCH ligands (DLL-3 and 4), and typical downstream genes (HES1 and HEY1). Four genes (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, NOTCH3, and HEY1) presented prognostic values for the STAD outcome in terms of overall survival. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that NOTCH family genes-strongly correlated genes were mainly enriched in several KEGG signaling pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, human papillomavirus infection, focal adhesion, Rap1 signaling pathway, and ECM-receptor interaction. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) results showed that NOTCH family genes-significantly correlated genes were mainly enriched in four signaling pathways, ECM (extracellular matrix), tumor angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and immune regulation. Conclusions NOTCH family genes may play an essential role in the progression of STAD by modulating immune cells and mediating ECM synthesis, angiogenesis, focal adhesion, and PI3K-Akt signaling. Multiple NOTCH family genes are valuable candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the management of STAD.
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14
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Zhang Z, Chen S, Fan M, Ruan G, Xi T, Zheng L, Guo L, Ye F, Xing Y. Helicobacter pylori induces gastric cancer via down-regulating miR-375 to inhibit dendritic cell maturation. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12813. [PMID: 33938607 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies and clinical samples have demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori could induce the downregulation of miR-375 in the stomach and promote gastric carcinogenesis. However, whether the immune cells are affected by Helicobacter pylori due to the downregulation of miR-375 is unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we constructed an overexpression and knockdown of miR-375 and Helicobacter pylori infection cell models in vitro. In addition, the maturity of dendritic cells (DCs) and the expression of IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF at the transcriptional and translational levels were analyzed. Changes in the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway were detected. In vivo, the number changes in CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells and the size changes of tumors via models of transplantable subcutaneous tumors were also analyzed. RESULTS A cell model of Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer was used to identify the expression of miR-375 and the maturity of dendritic cells. This study found that Helicobacter pylori could downregulate miR-375, which regulates the expression of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF in the stomach. MiR-375 regulated the expression of cytokines IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF through the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway in vitro. In addition, we found that Helicobacter pylori regulates the maturation of dendritic cells through miR-375. These results were further verified in vivo, and miR-375 diminishes tumor size was also demonstrated. This study showed that immature DCs caused a decrease in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori can inhibit miRNA-375 expression in the stomach. Downregulated miR-375 activates the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Activating the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway promotes the secretion of IL-6, IL-10, and VEGF, leading to immature differentiation of DCs and induction of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Simiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghui Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Guo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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He Z, Yang X, Huang L, Zhou L, Zhang S, Sun J, Zheng M, Ma J, Feng B, Zang L. PSMC5 Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer by Activating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Signaling and Modulating Immune Infiltrating Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:657917. [PMID: 34336824 PMCID: PMC8323717 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.657917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed the present study to access the roles and mechanisms of PSMC5 in colorectal cancer (CRC). Transcriptomic and clinical data from public datasets and our center were retrospectively analyzed. Functional assays were performed to investigate the effects of PSMC5 on CRC cells. The results showed that PSMC5 was significantly higher in cancer than normal tissues. Moreover, patients with higher expression of PSMC5 showed poorer prognosis. Silencing of PSMC5 dramatically suppressed the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells, while overexpression led to the opposite. In addition, we screened downstream targets and found that PSMC5 regulates multiple pathways including epithelial–mesenchymal transition, hypoxia, and immune response. Consistently, we found that PSMC5 was negatively correlated with levels of CD8 + T cells and B cells while promoting infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. Collectively, these findings suggested that PSMC5 was a promising biomarker and target for immune therapy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui He
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leqi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhua Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Liu SH, Hsu KW, Lai YL, Lin YF, Chen FH, Peng PH, Lin LJ, Wu HH, Li CY, Wang SC, Wu MZ, Sher YP, Cheng WC. Systematic identification of clinically relevant miRNAs for potential miRNA-based therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:1-10. [PMID: 34141460 PMCID: PMC8181588 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer, is one of the most malignant and deadly diseases. Current treatments for advanced LUAD patients are far from ideal and require further improvements. Here, we utilized a systematic integrative analysis of LUAD microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) and RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify clinically relevant tumor suppressor miRNAs. Three miRNA candidates (miR-195-5p, miR-101-3p, and miR-338-5p) were identified based on their differential expressions, survival significance levels, correlations with targets, and an additive effect on survival among them. We further evaluated mimics of the three miRNAs to determine their therapeutic potential in inhibiting cancer progression. The results showed not only that each of the miRNA mimics alone but also the three miRNA mimics in combination were efficient at inhibiting tumor growth and progression with equal final concentrations, meaning that the three miRNA mimics in combination were more effective than the single miRNA mimics. Moreover, the combined miRNA mimics provided significant therapeutic effects in terms of reduced tumor volume and metastasis nodules in lung tumor animal models. Hence, our findings show the potential of using the three miRNAs in combination to treat LUAD patients with poor survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hsuan Liu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Institute of New Drug Development, Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Liang Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.,Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hwa Peng
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Lin
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsiung Wu
- The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Min-Zu Wu
- AbbVie Biotherapeutics Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Yuh-Pyng Sher
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,The Ph.D. program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
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17
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Bahroudi Z, Shoorei H, Abbas Raza SH, Taheri M. The interplay between non-coding RNAs and Twist1 signaling contribute to human disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111220. [PMID: 33433357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist-related protein 1 (Twist1) is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor (TF) being coded by the TWIST1 gene. This TF has a fundamental effect on the normal development and in the pathogenesis of various diseases especially cancer. Twist1 has interactions with some long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The interactions between this TF and various miRNAs such as miR-16, miR-26b-5p, miR-1271, miR-539, miR-214, miR-200b/c, miR-335, miR-10b, and miR-381 are implicated in the carcinogenic processes. TP73-AS1, LINC01638, ATB, NONHSAT101069, CASC15, H19, PVT1, LINC00339, LINC01385, TANAR, SNHG5, DANCR, CHRF, and TUG1 are among long non-coding RNAs which interact with Twist1 and participate in the carcinogenesis. This review aims at depicting the interaction between these non-coding transcripts and Twist1 and the consequence of these interactions in human neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahroudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biranjd University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang, China
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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NOTCH3, a crucial target of miR-491-5p/miR-875-5p, promotes gastric carcinogenesis by upregulating PHLDB2 expression and activating Akt pathway. Oncogene 2021; 40:1578-1594. [PMID: 33452458 PMCID: PMC7932926 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Notch activation has been implicated in multiple malignancies and the identification of NOTCH receptors and related pathways is critical for targeted therapy. In this study, we aim to delineate the most prominent dysregulated NOTCH receptor and comprehensively reveal its deregulation in gastric cancer (GC). In the four Notch members, NOTCH3 was found uniformly upregulated and associated with poor clinical outcomes in multiple GC datasets. siRNA-mediated NOTCH3 knockdown demonstrated antitumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation, inhibiting monolayer formation, and impairing cell invasion abilities. Its depletion also induced early and late apoptosis. NOTCH3 was confirmed to be a direct target of two tumor suppressor microRNAs (miRNAs), namely miR-491-5p and miR-875-5p. The activation of NOTCH3 is partly due to the silence of these two miRNAs. Through RNA-seq profiling and functional validation, PHLDB2 was identified as a potent functional downstream modulator for NOTCH3 in gastric carcinogenesis. PHLDB2 expression demonstrated a positive correlation with NOTCH3, but was negatively correlated with miR-491-5p. Akt-mTOR was revealed as the downstream signaling of PHLDB2. The NOTCH3-PHLDB2-Akt co-activation was found in 33.7% GC patients and the activation of this axis predicted poor clinical outcome. GC cells treated with siNOTCH3, siPHLDB2, miR-491-5p, miR-875-5p, were more sensitive to Cisplatin and 5-FU. Taken together, the NOTCH3-PHLDB2-Akt cascade plays oncogenic role in gastric carcinogenesis and serves as a therapeutic target. Our study provided insights into Notch-mediated underlying molecular mechanisms and implied translational potential.
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19
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Gu ML, Zhou XX, Ren MT, Shi KD, Yu MS, Jiao WR, Wang YM, Zhong WX, Ji F. Blockage of ETS homologous factor inhibits the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells through the c-Met pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7497-7512. [PMID: 33384550 PMCID: PMC7754554 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i47.7497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and deadliest types of cancer worldwide due to its delayed diagnosis and high metastatic frequency, but its exact pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. ETS homologous factor (EHF) is an important member of the ETS family and contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple malignant tumors. To date, whether EHF participates in the development of GC via the c-Met signaling pathway remains unclear.
AIM To investigate the role and mechanism of EHF in the occurrence and development of GC.
METHODS The expression of EHF mRNA in GC tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative PCR. Western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression of EHF, c-Met, and its downstream signal molecules. The EHF expression in GC tissues was further detected by immunohistochemical staining. To investigate the role of EHF in GC oncogenesis, small interfering RNA (siRNA) against EHF was transfected into GC cells. The cell proliferation of GC cells was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was performed following Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) to identify apoptotic cells and PI staining to analyze the cell cycle. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by transwell assays.
RESULTS The data showed that EHF was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines in which increased expression of c-Met was also observed. Silencing of EHF by siRNA reduced the proliferation of GC cells. Inhibition of EHF induced significant apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in GC cells. Cell migration and invasion were significantly inhibited. EHF silencing led to c-Met downregulation and further blocked the Ras/c-Raf/extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway. Additionally, phosphatase and tensin homolog was upregulated and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta was deactivated. Moreover, inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was detected following EHF inhibition, leading to inhibition of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
CONCLUSION These results suggest that EHF plays a key role in cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, the cell cycle and EMT via the c-Met pathway. Therefore, EHF may serve as an antineoplastic target for the diagnosis and treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Meng-Ting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Da Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mo-Sang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Rui Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ya-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Xiang Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
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20
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He Y, Fan Z, He L, Zhang C, Ping F, Deng M, Liu S, Wang Y, Cheng B, Xia J. Metformin Combined with 4SC-202 Inhibited the Migration and Invasion of OSCC via STAT3/TWIST1. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11019-11029. [PMID: 33149616 PMCID: PMC7605634 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s268851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common epithelial malignant neoplasm in the head and neck, characterizes with local infiltration and metastasis of lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate of OSCC remains low despite the advances in clinical methods. Thus, it is necessary to develop a new effective therapeutic scheme for OSCC. Our previous results showed that metformin and 4SC-202 synergistically promoted the intrinsic apoptosis of OSCC in vitro and in vivo, but the effects on invasion and migration remained unclear. Methods Human OSCC cell lines HSC6 and CAL33 were cultured with metformin (16 mM) or/and 4SC-202 (0.4 μM) for 72 h. STAT3 inhibitor S31-201 was applied at concentration of 60 μM for 48 h. Wound-healing assays and transwell assays were used to determine the invasion and migration ability of OSCC. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect mRNA levels and protein levels. Results Metformin or/and 4SC-202 suppressed the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Importantly, the expression of TWIST1 was suppressed by metformin and 4SC-202, while the invasion and migration inhibitory effects of metformin and 4SC-202 were countered by the overexpression of TWIST1. In addition, the phosphorylation level of STAT3 decreased after the administration of metformin or/and 4SC-202. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT3 by S31-201 suppressed the expression of TWIST1 and led to a decline in migration and invasion of OSCC, while overexpression of TWIST1 attenuated these effects. Conclusion Metformin and 4SC-202 suppressed the invasion and migration of OSCC through inhibition of STAT3/TWIST1, and this scheme can serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Ping
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyang Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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21
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Fatehi-Agdam M, Vatankhah MA, Panahizadeh R, Jeddi F, Najafzadeh N. Efficacy of Metformin and Chemotherapeutic Agents on the Inhibition of Colony Formation and Shh/Gli1 Pathway: Metformin/Docetaxel Versus Metformin/5-Fluorouracil. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 71:17-25. [PMID: 32987433 DOI: 10.1055/a-1248-9008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is a common gastrointestinal cancer characterized by poor prognosis and chemoresistance. Docetaxel and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are frequently used for the treatment of gastric cancer. Despite their potent anti-cancer effects, chemoresistance occurs in metastatic gastric cancer. Metformin, a popular anti-diabetic drug, has been proven to have potent anticancer effects on gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we aim to improve this chemotherapy agents' efficacy by pretreatment with metformin. METHODS The AGS gastric cancer cell line were pretreated with three different sub-toxic concentration of metformin and then treated with various concentrations of 5-FU and docetaxel.The anticancer effects of the combination of metformin with the chemotherapy agents were determined using clonogenic assay and DAPi staining. We used real-time PCR to evaluate Gli1, Gli2, and TWIST1 mRNA expression levels in the gastric cancer cells. Also, the expression of the Shh protein was assessed using immunocytochemistry. RESULTS Here, we found that metformin sensitized the gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy. The combination treatments were more effective in reducing the number of cancer colonies compared to 5-FU or docetaxel alone. The combination of metformin with 5-FU or docetaxel significantly reduced the number of cells expressing the Shh protein compared to the 5-FU alone or docetaxel alone. Interestingly, we found that the combination of metformin with docetaxel significantly down-regulated the mRNA levels of Gli1, Gli2, and TWIST1 in the AGS gastric cancer cell line compared to docetaxel alone. CONCLUSION Overall, our data strongly support an important role for metformin as an enhancer of the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Fatehi-Agdam
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
| | - Mohammad Amin Vatankhah
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
| | - Reza Panahizadeh
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil.,Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
| | - Nowruz Najafzadeh
- Research Laboratory for Embryology and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil
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22
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Khanipouyani F, Akrami H. Tamoxifen Downregulates the Expression of Notch1 and DLL1 Genes in MKN-45 Gastric Cancer Cells. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:922-927. [PMID: 32901446 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide and the second most common cause for cancer associated mortality. Anti-tumor effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer are well-established. However, no study has so far investigated the effects of tamoxifen on gene expression of Notch1 and DLL1 in gastric cancer cell line. The present study was conducted to explore the effects of tamoxifen, as a repurposed drug, on gene expression of Notch1 and DLL1 in MKN-45, a gastric cancer cell line. METHODS MKN-45 cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 10% FBS. Cytotoxic effects of tamoxifen on these cells at various concentrations were evaluated by trypan blue exclusion assay. For gene expression analysis, the cells were first incubated with 100 μM tamoxifen followed by total RNA extraction from treated and control cells. Then, cDNA was synthesized. Quantitative real-time PCR using specific primers for Notch1 and DLL1 was performed to assess the effect of tamoxifen on the transcript of them. RESULTS Treatment with tamoxifen decreased viability of MKN-45 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CC50 was estimated to be around 200 μM. Also, tamoxifen at the dose of 100 μM could significantly downregulate mRNA levels of both Notch1 and DLL1 genes as compared with untreated cells by 24% and 92%, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on these results, tamoxifen interferes with Notch signaling pathway through downregulating the expression of Notch1 and DLL1 genes and this could be regarded as a mechanism for its anti-cancer effects in this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71935-1311, Iran.
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23
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Kottaiswamy A, Kizhakeyil A, Padmanaban AM, Mirza FB, Vijay VR, Lee PS, Verma NK, Kalaiselvan P, Samuel S. The Citrus Flavanone Hesperetin Induces Apoptosis in CTCL Cells via STAT3/Notch1/NFκB-Mediated Signaling Axis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:1459-1468. [DOI: 10.2174/1871521409666200324110031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hesperetin is a natural compound known for its cholesterol-lowering effect and a wide
range of pharmacological activities.
Objectives:
Investigating the potential anticancer activities of Hesperetin in malignant hematolymphoid cell
lines HuT78 and MJ, derived from patients with Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL).
Methods:
The cytotoxic effect of Hesperetin on two different CTCL cell lines, HuT78 and MJ, was assessed by
MTS-based colorimetric assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and molecular analysis
were performed using flow-cytometry and immunoblotting.
Results:
Hesperetin-treated CTCL cells were arrested at the sub-G1 phase of cell cycle with the concomitant
decrease in the expression of the cell cycle regulator protein cyclin B. In addition, the study found that the cellular
treatment with Hesperetin caused an induction of apoptosis, which was independent of ROS generation. Hesperetin
caused a significant decrease in the expression level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and an increase in cleaved
caspase-3 and PARP proteins in CTCL cells. Furthermore, Hesperetin treatment in CTCL cells down-regulated
the expression of Notch1 and phosphorylation of STAT3 (Tyr705) and inhibited NFκBp65.
Conclusion:
This study highlights the anticancer properties of Hesperetin. Which induces apoptosis in CTCL
cells via STAT3/Notch1/NFκB mediated signaling pathway, suggesting that further development of this novel
class of flavonoid may contribute to new drug discovery for certain hematolymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atish Kizhakeyil
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | | | - Fathima B. Mirza
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatesh R. Vijay
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Pin S. Lee
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | - Navin K. Verma
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Nanyang Ave, Singapore
| | | | - Shila Samuel
- VRR Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Sun Z, Luan S, Yao Y, Qin T, Xu X, Shen Z, Yao R, Yue L. NHE1 Mediates 5-Fu Resistance in Gastric Cancer via STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8521-8532. [PMID: 32904684 PMCID: PMC7457598 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s256274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several recent studies have addressed the role of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) in tumor cell growth and apoptosis, including in gastric cancer. However, the role of NHE1 expression related to the 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer has not been investigated. METHODS The expression of NHE1 was examined by qPCR in the SGC7901/5-FU cell line and its parental cell line. pcDNA3.1-NHE1 and NHE1-siRNA were transfected to SGC7901/5-FU resistance cells and cell apoptosis was detected via TUNEL assay. The upstream activators in NHE1 mediated 5-Fu resistant gastric cancer cells were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescent. RESULTS A significant increase of the expression of NHE1 was observed in SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells compared to the GES-1 and SGC7901 cell line. NHE1 can suppress the cell apoptosis of SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells and involved in cell cycle. Also, the migration and invasion of SGC7901 5-FU resistance cells were promoted by NHE1. NHE1 also increases the intracellular pH. The results of Western blot analysis showed that NHE1 overexpression induced an increase in the expression of phosphorylated activator transcription factor 3 (pSTAT3). The more obvious phosphorylated level was shown in the phosphorylated STAT3 at pSTAT3tyr705. Further investigations revealed that the constitutive activation of STAT3 may be induced by JAK1 and JAK2, and thus effect the 5-FU resistance by regulating NHE1. DISCUSSION In summary, our findings provided evidence that NHE1 contributed to 5-Fu resistance in gastric cancer cells by regulating the JAK/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, NHE1 can be a useful marker for predicting and monitoring 5-Fu resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Sun
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufang Luan
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasai Yao
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Xu
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zan Shen
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People’s Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200233, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyong Yao
- Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Yue
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province266071, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Expression patterns of seven key genes, including β-catenin, Notch1, GATA6, CDX2, miR-34a, miR-181a and miR-93 in gastric cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12342. [PMID: 32704077 PMCID: PMC7378835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent cancers and a major cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Incidence of GC is affected by various factors, including genetic and environmental factors. Despite extensive research has been done for molecular characterization of GC, it remains largely unknown. Therefore, further studies specially conducted among various ethnicities in different geographic locations, are required to know the precise molecular mechanisms leading to tumorigenesis and progression of GC. The expression patterns of seven candidate genes, including β-catenin, Notch1, GATA6, CDX2, miR-34a, miR-181a, and miR-93 were determined in 24 paired GC tissues and corresponding non-cancerous tissues by quantitative Real-Time PCR. The association between the expression of these genes and clinicopathologic factors were also investigated. Our results demonstrated that overall mRNA levels of GATA6 were significantly decreased in the tumor samples in comparison with the non-cancerous tissues (median fold change (FC) = 0.3143; P = 0.0003). Overall miR-93 levels were significantly increased in the tumor samples relative to the non-cancerous gastric tissues (FC = 2.441; P = 0.0002). β-catenin mRNA expression showed a strong positive correlation with miR-34a (r = 0.5784; P = 0.0031), and miR-181a (r = 0.5652; P = 0.004) expression. miR-34a and miR-181a expression showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.4862; P = 0.016). Moreover, lower expression of Notch1 was related to distant metastasis in GC patients with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.0549). These data may advance our understanding of the molecular biology that drives GC as well as provide potential targets for defining novel therapeutic strategies for GC treatment.
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Wang SC, Sun HL, Hsu YH, Liu SH, Lii CK, Tsai CH, Liu KL, Huang CS, Li CC. α-Linolenic acid inhibits the migration of human triple-negative breast cancer cells by attenuating Twist1 expression and suppressing Twist1-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 180:114152. [PMID: 32679125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid, has anticancer activity in breast cancer, but the mechanism of its effects in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. We investigated the effect of ALA on Twist1, which is required to initiate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes tumor metastasis, and Twist1-mediated migration in MDA-MB231, MDA-MB468 and Hs578T cells. Twist1 protein was constitutively expressed in these TNBC cells, particularly MDA-MB-231 cells. Treatment with 100 μM ALA and Twist1 siRNA markedly decreased the Twist1 protein level and cell migration. Moreover, ALA transiently attenuated the nuclear accumulation of STAT3α as well as Twist1 mRNA expression. Treatment with ALA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and Akt and decreased the phosphorylation of Twist1 at serine 68 in MDA-MB-231 cells. ALA accelerated Twist1 degradation in the presence of cycloheximide, whereas the ubiquitination and degradation of Twist1 by ALA was suppressed by MG-132. Pretreatment with ALA mimicked Twist1 siRNA, increased the protein expression of epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, and decreased the protein expression of mesenchymal markers including Twist1, Snail2, N-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin. Our findings suggest that ALA can be used not only to abolish EMT but also to suppress Twist1-mediated migration in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Wang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ji X, Guo X, Wang Y, Li X, Li H. Rab18 Regulates Proliferation, Invasion and Cisplatin Sensitivity Through STAT3 Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:4123-4134. [PMID: 32494165 PMCID: PMC7231766 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s238503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The clinical significance, biological roles and potential mechanism of Rab18 remain unknown in most human cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods We used immunohistochemistry to examine Rab18 protein expression in 112 cases of HNSCC specimens. We overexpressed and knockdown Rab18 in FaDu and Detroit562 cancer cell lines. Biological roles and mechanisms of Rab18 were examined using MTT, colony formation, Matrigel invasion assay, Western blotting, Annexin V and JC1 staining. Results Rab18 was upregulated in 45/112 (40.2%) cases of HNSCC tissues, which correlated with advanced T classification, positive nodal metastasis and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. The Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analyses indicated that Rab18 was elevated in human HNSCC tissues and correlated with poor patient survival. Functionally, Rab18 overexpression increased growth rate, colony numbers, cell cycle progression and invading ability in FaDu cells. Rab18 downregulated cisplatin-induced apoptosis and upregulated the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). Western blot revealed that Rab18 overexpression induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Twist. Rab18 overexpression also upregulated Survivin protein and Rab18 knockdown showed the opposite effects on these proteins. Treatment of STAT3 inhibitor, SH-4-54, inhibited cell invasion, increased E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin, Twist and Survivin. SH-4-54 also abolished the effects of BCAT1 on these proteins, as well as cell invasion. Conclusion In summary, our data showed that Rab18 was overexpressed in human HNSCC and functioned as an oncoprotein. Rab18 regulated HNSCC cell proliferation, invasion and cisplatin sensitivity through STAT3 signaling in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Zhong Z, Ye Z, He G, Zhang W, Wang J, Huang S. Low expression of A-kinase anchor protein 5 predicts poor prognosis in non-mucin producing stomach adenocarcinoma based on TCGA data. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:115. [PMID: 32175408 PMCID: PMC7049022 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past, there were not a lot of studies on how A-kinase anchor protein 5 (AKAP5) involving in the pathogenesis and prognosis of non-mucin producing stomach adenocarcinoma (NMSA). Therefore, we studied the relationship between AKAP5 and the prognosis of NMSA and its possible mechanisms using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). METHODS RNA high-throughput sequencing and clinicopathologic data of NMSA were downloaded from the TCGA. Clinical pathologic features associated with AKAP5 expression were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The relationship between the overall survival (OS) and AKAP5 expression was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox regression analysis. GSEA analysis was performed using the TCGA dataset. RESULTS Our results indicated that the AKAP5 expression was increased in NMSA (all tumor vs. adjacent mucosa). Also, histologic grade, clinical stage, N classification, and survival status were significantly correlated with AKAP5 expression. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that low AKAP5 expression was associated with a poor OS among the NMSA patients (P=5.003e-05), and in the clinical stage III and IV (P=4.646e-05), TNM stage T3 (P=0.016), T4 (P=0.001), N2 (P=0.012), N3 (P=0.003), M0 (P=3.911e-05), and histological grade G3 (P=1.658e-04) subgroups. Cox regression analysis showed that reduced AKAP5 expression in NMSA is associated with age (HR =1.03, P=0.007), stage (HR =1.84 for stage I, II vs. stage III, IV, P=0.002) and M classification (HR =1.8 for M0 vs. M1, P=0.010). Gene sets related to cholesterol homeostasis, glycolysis, estrogen response late, adipogenesis, estrogen response early, notch signaling, and peroxisome were differentially enriched with the low AKAP5 expression phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Low expression of AKAP5 may be a potential molecular marker for predicting poor prognosis of NMSA. Besides, cholesterol homeostasis, glycolysis, estrogen response, adipogenesis, notch signaling, and peroxisome may be the key pathways regulated by AKAP5 in NMSA. It also suggested that AKAP5 might potentially have biological functions in the development of stomach adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishao Zhong
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhenhao Ye
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Guihua He
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Wang Zhang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Suiping Huang
- Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Gastroenterology Department, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Ilhan M, Kucukkose C, Efe E, Gunyuz ZE, Firatligil B, Dogan H, Ozuysal M, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. Pro-metastatic functions of Notch signaling is mediated by CYR61 in breast cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151070. [PMID: 32005345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of cancer related deaths, and unfolding the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic progression is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Notch is one of the key signaling pathways involved in breast tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notch activation induces pro-metastatic processes such as migration, invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, molecular mediators working downstream of Notch in these processes are not fully elucidated. CYR61 is a secreted protein implicated in metastasis, and its inhibition by a monoclonal antibody suppresses metastasis in xenograft breast tumors, indicating the clinical importance of CYR61 targeting. Here, we aimed to investigate whether CYR61 works downstream of Notch in inducing pro-metastatic phenotypes in breast cells. We showed that CYR61 expression is positively regulated by Notch activity in breast cells. Notch1-induced migration, invasion and anchorage independent growth of a normal breast cell line, MCF10A, were abrogated by CYR61 silencing. Furthermore, upregulation of core EMT markers upon Notch1-activation was impaired in the absence of CYR61. However, reduced migration and invasion of highly metastatic cell line, MDA MB 231, cells upon Notch inhibition was not dependent on CYR61 downregulation. In conclusion, we showed that in normal breast cell line MCF10A, CYR61 is a mediator of Notch1-induced pro-metastatic phenotypes partly via induction of EMT. Our results imply CYR61 as a prominent therapeutic candidate for a subpopulation of breast tumors with high Notch activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ilhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kucukkose
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Efe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Elif Gunyuz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Firatligil
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hulya Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozuysal
- Department of Computer Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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PLCε regulates prostate cancer mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and migration via upregulation of Twist1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:337. [PMID: 31383001 PMCID: PMC6683382 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic rewiring is a common feature of many cancer types, including prostate cancer (PCa). Alterations in master genes lead to mitochondrial metabolic rewiring and provide an appealing target to inhibit cancer progression and improve survival. Phospholipase C (PLC)ε is a regulator of tumor generation and progression. However, its role in mitochondrial metabolism remains unclear. Methods The GEO, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the GTEx databases were used to determine Twist1 mRNA levels in tumors and their non-tumor counterparts. Fifty-five PCa and 48 benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue samples were tested for the presence of PLCε and Twist1 immunohistochemically. An association between PLCε and Twist1 was determined by Pearson’s correlation analysis. PLCε was knocked down with a lentiviral short hairpin RNA. Mitochondrial activity was assessed by measuring the oxygen consumption rate. Western blotting analyses were used to measure levels of PPARβ, Twist1, phosphorylated (p)-Twist1, p-MEK, p-ERK, p-P38, and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Cells were treated with inhibitors of MEK, JNK, and P38 MAPK, and an agonist and inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) β, to evaluate which signaling pathways were involved in PLCε-mediated Twist1 expression. The stability of Twist1 was determined after blocking protein synthesis with cycloheximide. Reporter assays utilized E-cadherin or N-cadherin luciferase reporters under depletion of PLCε or Twist1. Transwell assays assessed cell migration. Finally, a nude mouse tumor xenograft assay was conducted to verify the role of PLCε in tumor formation. Results Our findings revealed that the expression of PLCε was positively associated with Twist1 in clinical PCa samples. PLCε knockdown promoted mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in PCa cells. Mechanistically, PLCε increased phosphorylation of Twist1 and stabilized the Twist1 protein through MAPK signaling. The transcriptional activity of Twist1, and the Twist1-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and transcription regulation, were suppressed by PLCε knockdown and by blocking PPARβ nuclear translocation. The tumor xenograft assay demonstrated that PLCε depletion diminished PCa cell tumorigenesis. Conclusions These findings reveal an undiscovered physiological role for PLCε in the suppression of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism that has significant implications for understanding PCa occurrence and migration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1323-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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A comparative study on the possible protective effect of esomeprazole, spirulina, wheatgrass on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in male albino rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4843-4860. [PMID: 31297714 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a common problem affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Spirulina and wheatgrass are natural substances that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of the Work was to elucidate the possible protective role of spirulina and wheatgrass versus standard treatment esomeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in adult male albino rats. Eighty adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups: group I (the control group), group II that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg orally), group III that received esomeprazole (20 mg/kg orally), group IV that received spirulina (1000 mg/kg orally), group V that received wheatgrass (1000 mg/kg orally), group VI that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) + esomeprazole (20 mg/kg), group VII that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) + spirulina (1000 mg/kg) and group VIII that received indomethacin (100 mg/kg) + wheatgrass (1000 mg/kg). Six hours after indomethacin treatment, all rats were anesthetized and their stomachs obtained for measures of gastric acidity, pepsin activity, mucin content, gastrin, ulcer index, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL8), proapoptotic protein (Bax). Histological (using H&E stain, PAS reaction) and immunohistochemical (using anti Ki67 immunostain) techniques were performed. Western immunoblot analysis for heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was also done. Moreover, a morphometric study was done for area% of positive immunoreactive cells for Ki67 and optical density and area% of PAS reaction. All performed measurements were followed by statistical analysis. Indomethacin induced loss of normal architecture of gastric mucosa with sloughing of surface epithelium and inflammatory cellular infiltration. It also led to a significant increase in gastric acidity, inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-8), pro-apoptotic protein Bax and a significant decrease in TAC levels and HSP-70 expression. There was also a significant decrease in area% of Ki67 immunoreactivity and area% and optical density of PAS reaction as compared with the control group and other pre-treated rats. These disturbed parameters were associated with increased ulcer index. In pre-treatment groups, the structure of the mucosa was similar to control with marked improvement in the biochemical assay. In conclusion, Spirulina and wheatgrass can partly protect the gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced damage to a degree similar to that of the classical treatment esomeprazole.
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Notch and mTOR Signaling Pathways Promote Human Gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation. Neoplasia 2019; 21:702-712. [PMID: 31129492 PMCID: PMC6536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch pathway signaling is known to promote gastric stem cell proliferation, and constitutive pathway activation induces gastric tumors via mTORC1 activation in mouse genetic models. The purpose of this study was to determine whether human gastric adenocarcinomas are similarly dependent on Notch and mTORC1 signaling for growth. Gene expression profiling of 415 human gastric adenocarcinomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a small set of locally obtained gastric cancers showed enhanced expression of Notch pathway components, including Notch ligands, receptors and downstream target genes. Human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and chemically induced mouse gastric tumors both exhibited heightened Notch and mTORC1 pathway signaling activity, as evidenced by increased expression of the NOTCH1 receptor signaling fragment NICD, the Notch target HES1, and the mTORC1 target phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein. Pharmacologic inhibition of either Notch or mTORC1 signaling reduced growth of human gastric cancer cell lines, with combined pathway inhibition causing a further reduction in growth, suggesting that both pathways are activated to promote gastric cancer cell proliferation. Further, mTORC1 signaling was reduced after Notch inhibition suggesting that mTOR is downstream of Notch in gastric cancer cells. Analysis of human gastric organoids derived from paired control and gastric cancer tissues also exhibited reduced growth in culture after Notch or mTOR inhibition. Thus, our studies demonstrate that Notch and mTOR signaling pathways are commonly activated in human gastric cancer to promote cellular proliferation. Targeting these pathways in combination might be an effective therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
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Küçükköse C, Yalçin Özuysal Ö. Effects of Notch signalling on the expression of SEMA3C, HMGA2, CXCL14, CXCR7, and CCL20 in breast cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 43:70-76. [PMID: 30930637 PMCID: PMC6426645 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1808-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the main reason for death in breast cancer. Understanding the molecular players in metastasis is crucial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Notch signalling plays an oncogenic role in breast tumorigenesis and is involved in metastasis. Downstream mediators of Notch signalling in prometastatic processes are not yet fully discovered. Here we aimed to investigate whether Notch signalling regulates the expression of SEMA3C, HMGA2, CXCL14, CXCR7, and CCL20, which are involved in prometastatic processes, in breast cell lines. To this end, expression of the selected genes was analysed following Notch activation by overexpression of the Notch1 intracellular domain in the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, and inhibition by silencing of the Notch transcriptional mediator RBPjκ in the breast cancer cell line MDA MB 231. SEMA3C and HMGA2 mRNA were decreased, while CXCL14 and CXCR7 mRNA were increased significantly in response to Notch activation in MCF10A cells. Notch inhibition in MDA MB 231 cells significantly decreased HMGA2 and CCL20 mRNA. Protein levels were not significantly altered by Notch modulation. In conclusion, we showed that Notch signalling regulates expression of SEMA3C, CXCL14, CCL20, CXCR7, and HMGA2, which are prominent candidate genes that might function downstream of Notch to induce prometastatic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Küçükköse
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, İzmir Institute of Technology , İzmir , Turkey
| | - Özden Yalçin Özuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, İzmir Institute of Technology , İzmir , Turkey
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Chabanais J, Labrousse F, Chaunavel A, Germot A, Maftah A. POFUT1 as a Promising Novel Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110411. [PMID: 30380753 PMCID: PMC6266312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) overexpression has been recently proposed as a potential biomarker for different cancer types, no study was carried out on POFUT1 implication in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Data from 626 tumors and 51 non-tumor adjacent tissues available in FireBrowse had been used in this study. Statistical analyses on POFUT1 expression and gene copy number, NOTCH receptors (main targets of POFUT1 enzymatic activity) expression and association of POFUT1 and NOTCH1 expressions with clinical parameters were investigated. Data were completed by POFUT1 histological labeling on six tumor tissues from patients with CRC. Results: We found that POFUT1 is overexpressed from the stage I (p < 0.001) and 76.02% of tumors have a 20q11.21 amplification, associated in 90.13% of cases with a POFUT1 overexpression, compared to non-tumor adjacent tissues. The POFUT1 copy number in tumors is mainly between 2 and 3. POFUT1 is positively correlated with NOTCH1 (rs = 0.34, p < 0.001), NOTCH3 (rs = 0.087, p = 0.0297), and NOTCH4 (rs = 0.097, p = 0.0148) expressions, while negatively correlated with NOTCH2 expression (rs = −0.098, p = 0.0142). POFUT1 overexpression is markedly associated with rectal location, non-mucinous adenocarcinoma and cancer stages IV and M1. NOTCH1 overexpression is only associated with rectal location and non-mucinous adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: We conclude that POFUT1 is overexpressed in CRC from stage I, and its high expression is associated with metastatic process, probably through NOTCH pathway activation. Then, POFUT1 could represent a potential novel biomarker for CRC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chabanais
- Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Limoges University, PEIRENE, EA 7500, F-87060 Limoges cedex, France.
| | - François Labrousse
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
| | - Alain Chaunavel
- Department of Pathology, Limoges University Hospital, 87042 Limoges cedex, France.
| | - Agnès Germot
- Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Limoges University, PEIRENE, EA 7500, F-87060 Limoges cedex, France.
| | - Abderrahman Maftah
- Glycosylation and Cell Differentiation, Limoges University, PEIRENE, EA 7500, F-87060 Limoges cedex, France.
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Huang KH, Sung IC, Fang WL, Chi CW, Yeh TS, Lee HC, Yin PH, Li AFY, Wu CW, Shyr YM, Yang MH. Correlation between HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling pathways in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:294-302. [PMID: 29781036 PMCID: PMC6059752 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, research concerning gastric carcinogenesis has rapidly progressed. It is evident that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is clinically related to gastric cancer progression and metastasis. In addition, previous studies have found that expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 is correlated with the poor prognosis of gastric cancer. However, the interaction between the HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling pathways remains unknown. In the present study, we found that gastric cancer patients with positive c-Met expression exhibited poorer overall survival than patients without c-Met expression (P=0.043) and that Jagged1 expression was significantly correlated with c-Met expression (r=0.301; P=0.004) in human gastric cancer specimens. In addition, Jagged1 activity increased after HGF stimulation, which in turn increased the downstream expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in a time-dependent manner. After knockdown of Notch1 intracellular domain (N1IC), HGF was found to increase the proliferation and migration ability in human gastric cancer cells. However, overexpression of N1IC still had no effect after HGF stimulation. Our study found a feedback loop between HGF/c-Met and Jagged1/Notch1 signaling. Furthermore, both HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling triggered COX-2 activity. These results suggest that gastric cancer progression is not associated with a unique signaling pathway and that a feedback loop may exist between the HGF/c-Met and Notch1 signaling pathways, which may result in therapeutic resistance. Therefore, multi-modality therapies should be considered for treating gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hung Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - I-Cheng Sung
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chin-Wen Chi
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tien-Shun Yeh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsin-Chen Lee
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pen-Hui Yin
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Anna Fen-Yau Li
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ming Shyr
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan, R.O.C
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36
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Zhou W, Tan W, Huang X, Yu HG. Doxorubicin combined with Notch1-targeting siRNA for the treatment of gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2805-2812. [PMID: 30127866 PMCID: PMC6096196 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch1, a transmembrane receptor that has a notable role in gastric cancer (GC) as an oncogene, has been reported to be involved in doxorubicin resistance. Thus, Notch1 is a potential therapeutic target for GC. In the present study, the protein levels of Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD; a marker of Notch1 activation) in human GC cell lines and tumor tissues was measured by western blotting. Next, the effects of Notch1 depletion in SGC7901 cells were evaluated. Finally, the efficacy of Notch1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) combined with doxorubicin therapy for GC was examined in vitro and in vivo. The results revealed that NICD levels were high in GC cells, and that the inhibition of NICD by transfection with Notch1 siRNA induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation. Ectopic downregulation of Notch1 expression enhanced the sensitivity of GC tumors to doxorubicin, which suppressed the development of GC. These data demonstrated that Notch1 was a significant regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis in GC. Thus, the combination of doxorubicin with Notch1 siRNA is a potential strategy for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong Gang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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37
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Shin VY, Siu MT, Liu X, Ng EKO, Kwong A, Chu KM. MiR-92 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis by targeting EP4/Notch1 axis in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24209-24220. [PMID: 29849934 PMCID: PMC5966267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-92a has been shown to be dysregulated in various cancers and exhibited differential role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we sought to delineate the functional role of miR-92a and its regulatory pathway in gastric cancer. MiR-92a expression were underexpressed in tissues of gastric cancer patients with the area under curve (AUC) of 0.78. Low expression in plasma was due to the increased promoter DNA methylation of miR-92a. Overexpression of miR-92a inhibited cell proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-92a reduced tumor growth in xenograft model. EP4 and Notch 1 were identified to be negatively regulated by miR-92a, and involved in cell growth. Moreover, NF-κB expression was inversely correlated with miR-92a in gastric cancer tissues and suppressed the expression of miR-92. This study unravels the tumor suppressive role of miR-92a involving EP4/Notch 1 signaling regulated by NF-κB in gastric cancer. Further studies on miR-92a and EP4/Notch1 may provide a new treatment strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Man-Ting Siu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Enders K O Ng
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong SAR.,Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kent-Man Chu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Tang H, Massi D, Hemmings BA, Mandalà M, Hu Z, Wicki A, Xue G. AKT-ions with a TWIST between EMT and MET. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62767-62777. [PMID: 27623213 PMCID: PMC5308764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist is an important regulator of cranial suture during embryogenesis. Closure of the neural tube is achieved via Twist-triggered cellular transition from an epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype, a process known as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by a remarkable increase in cell motility. In the absence of Twist activity, EMT and associated phenotypic changes in cell morphology and motility can also be induced, albeit moderately, by other transcription factor families, including Snail and Zeb. Aberrant EMT triggered by Twist in human mammary tumour cells was first reported to drive metastasis to the lung in a metastatic breast cancer model. Subsequent analysis of many types of carcinoma demonstrated overexpression of these unique EMT transcription factors, which statistically correlated with worse outcome, indicating their potential as biomarkers in the clinic. However, the mechanisms underlying their activation remain unclear. Interestingly, increasing evidence indicates they are selectively activated by distinct intracellular kinases, thereby acting as downstream effectors facilitating transduction of cytoplasmic signals into nucleus and reprogramming EMT and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) transcription to control cell plasticity. Understanding these relationships and emerging data indicating differential phosphorylation of Twist leads to complex and even paradoxical functionalities, will be vital to unlocking their potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brian A Hemmings
- Department of Mechanisms of Cancer, Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Zhengqiang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Wicki
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gongda Xue
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Backert S, Haas R, Gerhard M, Naumann M. The Helicobacter pylori Type IV Secretion System Encoded by the cag Pathogenicity Island: Architecture, Function, and Signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75241-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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40
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Li X, Zhong X, Pan X, Ji Y. Tumor-Suppressive MicroRNA-708 Targets Notch1 to Suppress Cell Proliferation and Invasion in Gastric Cancer. Oncol Res 2018; 26:1317-1326. [PMID: 29444743 PMCID: PMC7844794 DOI: 10.3727/096504018x15179680859017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) may participate in the regulation of gastric carcinogenesis and progression. This phenomenon suggests that gastric cancer-related miRNAs can be identified as effective therapeutic targets for this disease. miRNA-708 (miR-708) has recently been reported to be aberrantly expressed in several types of cancer and contribute to carcinogenesis and progression. However, the expression level, biological roles, and underlying mechanisms of miR-708 in gastric cancer are poorly understood. Here we found that miR-708 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Downregulated miR-708 expression was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis, invasive depth, and TNM stage. Further investigation indicated that ectopic expression of miR-708 prohibited cell proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer. Bioinformatics analysis showed that Notch1 was a potential target of miR-708. Notch1 was further confirmed as a direct target gene of miR-708 in gastric cancer by dual-luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, an inverse association was found between miR-708 and Notch1 mRNA levels in gastric cancer tissues. In addition, restored Notch1 expression rescued the inhibitory effects on gastric cancer cell proliferation and invasion induced by miR-708 overexpression. Our findings highlight the tumor-suppressive roles of miR-708 in gastric cancer and suggest that miR-708 may be investigated as a novel target for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Li
- Clinical Laboratory Central, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xuanfang Zhong
- Department of Digestion, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Pan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ji
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Notch1 pathway-mediated microRNA-151-5p promotes gastric cancer progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38036-38051. [PMID: 27191259 PMCID: PMC5122370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric carcinoma is the third leading cause of lethal cancer worldwide. Previous studies showed that Notch1 receptor intracellular domain (N1IC), the activated form of Notch1 receptor, promotes gastric cancer progression. It has been demonstrated that a significant cross-talk interplays between Notch pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) in controlling tumorigenesis. This study identified an intronic microRNA-151 (miR-151), which consists of two mature miRNAs, miR-151-3p and miR-151-5p, as a Notch1 receptor-induced miRNA in gastric cancer cells. Activation of Notch1 pathway enhanced expressions of miR-151 and its host gene, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), in gastric cancer cells. The levels of miR-151 in gastric cancer samples were higher than those of adjacent non-tumor samples. Activated Notch1 pathway induced CBF1-dependent FAK promoter activity. The ectopic expression of miR-151 promoted growth and progression of SC-M1 gastric cancer cells including cell viability and colony formation, migration, and invasion abilities. Activated Notch1 pathway could augment progression of gastric cancer cells through miR-151-5p and FAK. The mRNA levels of pluripotency genes, Nanog and SOX-2, tumorsphere formation ability, tumor growth, and lung metastasis of SC-M1 cells were elevated by activated Notch1 pathway through miR-151-5p. Furthermore, miR-151-5p could target 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) of p53 mRNA and down-regulate p53 level in SC-M1 cells. Mechanistically, Notch1/miR-151-5p axis contributed to progression of SC-M1 cells through down-regulation of p53 which in turn repressed FAK promoter activity. Taken together, these results suggest that Notch1 pathway and miR-151-5p interplay with p53 in a reciprocal regulation loop in controlling gastric carcinogenesis.
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Yao Q, Gu A, Wang Z, Xue Y. MicroRNA-144 functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting cyclooxygenase-2. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3088-3095. [PMID: 29456712 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) poses a serious public health threat and the 5-year survival rate of patients with GC is low. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) may serve oncogenic or tumor suppressor functions during tumorigenesis by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion and it has been demonstrated that they may be dysregulated in various types of cancer. The present study demonstrated that miR-144 and GATA4 were downregulated in GC tissues and cell lines and suggested that this may be due to hypermethylation. Additionally, miR-144 and GATA4 had synergistic effects on GC cells by repressing cell proliferation and inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The results of bioinformatics and a luciferase reporter assay indicated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a direct target of miR-144 and that miR-144 negatively regulated the expression of COX-2, which inhibits the viability of GC cells. GATA4 also induced a similar effect on COX-2. Taken together, the results of the present study may improve understanding of the underlying mechanism of miR-144 and GATA4 in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Anxin Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhuozhong Wang
- Department of Statistics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yingwei Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
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43
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Anti-cancer effects of curcumin on lung cancer through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:26535-50. [PMID: 27049834 PMCID: PMC5041997 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is potentially therapeutic for malignant diseases. The mechanisms of this effect might involve a combination of antioxidant, immunomodulatory, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic activities. However, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided evidences that curcumin suppressed the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in lung cancer cells both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally. Curcumin inhibited the expression of EZH2 through microRNA (miR)-let 7c and miR-101. Curcumin decreased the expression of NOTCH1 through the inhibition of EZH2. There was a reciprocal regulation between EZH2 and NOTCH1 in lung cancer cells. These observations suggest that curcumin inhibits lung cancer growth and metastasis at least partly through the inhibition of EZH2 and NOTCH1.
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44
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Ning X, Zhang K, Wu Q, Liu M, Sun S. Emerging role of Twist1 in fibrotic diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1383-1391. [PMID: 29314610 PMCID: PMC5824384 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a pathological process that occurs in a variety of diseases, including organ fibrosis. Twist1, a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor, is involved in EMT and plays significant roles in various fibrotic diseases. Suppression of the EMT process represents a promising approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss the roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Twist1 in fibrotic diseases, including those affecting kidney, lung, skin, oral submucosa and other tissues. We aim at providing new insight into the pathogenesis of various fibrotic diseases and facilitating the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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45
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Knockdown of CMTM3 promotes metastasis of gastric cancer via the STAT3/Twist1/EMT signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29507-19. [PMID: 27121055 PMCID: PMC5045413 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CMTM3 (CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing 3) possesses tumor suppressor properties in multiple types of malignancies. Restoration of CMTM3 significantly inhibits the metastasis of gastric cancer, and its expression level is correlated with prognosis. However, the physiological effects and the mechanism of CMTM3 remain unknown. Here, we suppress CMTM3 expression by shRNA to explore its endogenous effects and its mechanism of action in gastric cancer. Stable knockdown of CMTM3 promotes cell migration, invasion and tumor metastasis, increases MMP2 expression and enhances MMP2 activity. CMTM3 inhibits EMT along with the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of N-cadherin, Vimentin and Twist1. It has no obvious effects on Zeb1 and Snail. CMTM3 suppresses the phosphorylation of STAT3 but not Akt. More importantly, the EMT phenotype and cell migration induced by CMTM3 knockdown can be reversed by the Jak2/STAT3 inhibitor JSI-124 or by siRNA against STAT3 or Twist1. Overall, this study demonstrates that knockdown of CMTM3 promotes the metastasis of gastric cancer through the STAT3/Twist1/EMT pathway.
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Yang X, Shi L, Yi C, Yang Y, Chang L, Song D. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 promotes invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Int J Urol 2017; 25:157-163. [PMID: 29117631 DOI: 10.1111/iju.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of astrocyte elevated gene-1 on the invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. METHODS Gain- and loss-of-function studies were carried out to investigate the biological roles of astrocyte elevated gene-1 in bladder cancer cell invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung metastasis. The mechanism underlying the activity of astrocyte elevated gene-1 was examined. RESULTS Overexpression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 led to a significant increase in the invasive ability of UMUC3 and T24 bladder cancer cells in Matrigel invasion assays. In contrast, silencing of astrocyte elevated gene-1 restrained bladder cancer cell invasion. Overexpression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 downregulated E-cadherin and upregulated vimentin and Twist1, while silencing of astrocyte elevated gene-1 exerted an opposite effect. Mechanistically, astrocyte elevated gene-1 overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in bladder cancer cells. Treatment with WP1066, a specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitor, significantly abolished astrocyte elevated gene-1-induced invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in UMUC3 cells. In vivo studies showed that astrocyte elevated gene-1 overexpression stimulated the growth of UMUC3 xenograft tumors and lung metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Astrocyte elevated gene-1 shows the ability to promote bladder cancer metastasis, which is causally linked to induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, targeting astrocyte elevated gene-1 might offer therapeutic benefits in treating metastatic bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Yi
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liansheng Chang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongkui Song
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Stattic Enhances Radiosensitivity and Reduces Radio-Induced Migration and Invasion in HCC Cell Lines through an Apoptosis Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1832494. [PMID: 29226125 PMCID: PMC5684518 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1832494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3) is involved in tumorigenesis, development, and radioresistance of many solid tumors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of stattic (an inhibitor of STAT3) on the radiosensitivity and radio-induced migration and invasion ability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines. Methods HCC cells were treated with stattic, and cell survival rate was analyzed through CCK-8 assay. Radiosensitivity was evaluated using cloning formation analysis; STAT3, p-STAT3, and apoptosis related proteins were detected by western blot. Radio-induced migration and invasion ability in HCC cells were analyzed by wound-healing assay and transwell test. Results Stattic inhibits the expression of p-STAT3 and reduces cell survival in a dose-dependent manner in HCC cell lines, and the IC50 values for Hep G2, Bel-7402, and SMMC-7721 are 2.94 μM, 2.5 μM, and 5.1 μM, respectively. Cloning formation analysis shows that stattic enhances the radiosensitivity of HCC cells. Wound-healing assay and transwell test show that stattic inhibits radio-induced migration and invasion. Further study indicates that stattic promotes radio-induce apoptosis through regulating the expression of apoptosis related proteins in HCC cells. Conclusion Stattic enhances radiosensitivity and reduces radio-induced migration and invasion ability in HCC cells probably through apoptosis pathway.
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Zhao Z, Rahman MA, Chen ZG, Shin DM. Multiple biological functions of Twist1 in various cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20380-20393. [PMID: 28099910 PMCID: PMC5386770 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist1 is a well-known regulator of transcription during embryonic organogenesis in many species. In humans, Twist1 malfunction was first linked to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome and later identified to play an essential role in tumor initiation, stemness, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and chemo-resistance in a variety of carcinomas, sarcomas, and hematological malignances. In this review, we will first focus on systematically elaborating the diverse pathological functions of Twist1 in various cancers, then delineating the intricate underlying network of molecular mechanisms, based on which we will summarize current therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment that target and modulate Twist1-involved signaling pathways. Most importantly, we will put special emphasis on revealing the independence and interdependency of these multiple biological functions of Twist1, piecing together the whole delicate picture of Twist1's diversified pathological roles in different cancers and providing new perspectives to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Zhao
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mohammad Aminur Rahman
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zhuo G Chen
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dong M Shin
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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49
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α-Actinin-4 promotes metastasis in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1084-1094. [PMID: 28581489 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis increases the mortality rate of gastric cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-associated deaths worldwide. This study aims to identify the genes promoting metastasis of gastric cancer (GC). A human cell motility PCR array was used to analyze a pair of tumor and non-tumor tissue samples from a patient with stage IV GC (T3N3M1). Expression of the dysregulated genes was then evaluated in GC tissue samples (n=10) and cell lines (n=6) via qPCR. Expression of α-actinin-4 (ACTN4) was validated in a larger sample size (n=47) by qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of ACTN4 with specific siRNAs was performed in GC cells, and adhesion assays, transwell invasion assays and migration assays were used to evaluate the function of these cells. Expression of potential targets of ACTN4 were then evaluated by qPCR. Thirty upregulated genes (greater than twofold) were revealed by the PCR array. We focused on ACTN4 because it was upregulated in 6 out of 10 pairs of tissue samples and 5 out of 6 GC cell lines. Further study indicated that ACTN4 was upregulated in 22/32 pairs of tissue samples at stage III &IV (P=0.0069). Knockdown of ACTN4 in GC cells showed no significant effect on cell proliferation, but significantly increased cell-matrix adhesion, as well as reduced migration and invasion of AGS, MKN7 and NCI-N87 cells. We found that NF-κB was downregulated in GC with the knockdown of ACTN4. In conclusion, this is the first study to indicate that ACTN4 is significantly upregulated in patients with metastatic GC. ACTN4 reduces cell adhesion and enhances migration and invasion of GC cells and may therefore be a novel therapeutic target for GC.
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50
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Li X, Shen JK, Hornicek FJ, Xiao T, Duan Z. Noncoding RNA in drug resistant sarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69086-69104. [PMID: 28978183 PMCID: PMC5620323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a group of malignant tumors that arise from mesenchymal origin. Despite significant development of multidisciplinary treatments for sarcoma, survival rates have reached a plateau. Chemotherapy has been extensively used for sarcoma treatment; however, the development of drug resistance is a major obstacle limiting the success of many anticancer agents. Sarcoma biology has traditionally focused on genomic and epigenomic deregulation of protein-coding genes to identify the therapeutic potential for reversing drug resistance. New and more creative approaches have found the involvement of noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in drug resistant sarcoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of noncoding RNAs characteristics and the regulated genes involved in drug resistant sarcoma, and focus on their therapeutic potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Jacson K Shen
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Francis J Hornicek
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhenfeng Duan
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114, USA
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