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Azbazdar Y, Sosa EA, Monka J, Kurmangaliyev YZ, Tejeda-Muñoz N. Interactions between genistein and Wnt pathway in colon adenocarcinoma and early embryos. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32243. [PMID: 38947477 PMCID: PMC11214441 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is one of the most ancient and pivotal signaling cascades, governing diverse processes in development and cancer regulation. Within the realm of cancer treatment, genistein emerges as a promising candidate due to its multifaceted modulation of various signaling pathways, including the Wnt pathway. Despite promising preclinical studies, the precise mechanisms underlying genistein's therapeutic effects via Wnt modulation remain elusive. In this study, we unveil novel insights into the therapeutic mechanisms of genistein by elucidating its inhibitory effects on Wnt signaling through macropinocytosis. Additionally, we demonstrate its capability to curtail cell growth, proliferation, and lysosomal activity in the SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cell model. Furthermore, our investigation extends to the embryonic context, where genistein influences gene regulatory networks governed by endogenous Wnt pathways. Our findings shed light on the intricate interplay between genistein, Wnt signaling, membrane trafficking, and gene regulation, paving the way for further exploration of genistein's therapeutic potential in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Azbazdar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1662, USA
| | - Eric A. Sosa
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Julia Monka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1662, USA
| | | | - Nydia Tejeda-Muñoz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095-1662, USA
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Pozzo LD, Xu Z, Lin S, Wang J, Wang Y, Enechojo OS, Abankwah JK, Peng Y, Chu X, Zhou H, Bian Y. Role of epigenetics in the regulation of skin aging and geroprotective intervention: A new sight. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116592. [PMID: 38615608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple epigenetic factors play a regulatory role in maintaining the homeostasis of cutaneous components and are implicated in the aging process of the skin. They have been associated with the activation of the senescence program, which is the primary contributor to age-related decline in the skin. Senescent species drive a series of interconnected processes that impact the immediate surroundings, leading to structural changes, diminished functionality, and heightened vulnerability to infections. Geroprotective medicines that may restore the epigenetic balance represent valid therapeutic alliances against skin aging. Most of them are well-known Western medications such as metformin, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), rapamycin, and histone deacetylase inhibitors, while others belong to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remedies for which the scientific literature provides limited information. With the help of the Geroprotectors.org database and a comprehensive analysis of the referenced literature, we have compiled data on compounds and formulae that have shown potential in preventing skin aging and have been identified as epigenetic modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Dal Pozzo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhe Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shan Lin
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jida Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ogbe Susan Enechojo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Joseph Kofi Abankwah
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huifang Zhou
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yuhong Bian
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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3
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Chen P, Wang Y, Chen F, Zhou B. Epigenetics in obesity: Mechanisms and advances in therapies based on natural products. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1171. [PMID: 38293783 PMCID: PMC10828914 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality because it has a close relationship to metabolic illnesses, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some types of cancer. With no drugs available, the mainstay of obesity management remains lifestyle changes with exercise and dietary modifications. In light of the tremendous disease burden and unmet therapeutics, fresh perspectives on pathophysiology and drug discovery are needed. The development of epigenetics provides a compelling justification for how environmental, lifestyle, and other risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. Furthermore, epigenetic dysregulations can be restored, and it has been reported that certain natural products obtained from plants, such as tea polyphenols, ellagic acid, urolithins, curcumin, genistein, isothiocyanates, and citrus isoflavonoids, were shown to inhibit weight gain. These substances have great antioxidant potential and are of great interest because they can also modify epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, understanding epigenetic modifications to target the primary cause of obesity and the epigenetic mechanisms of anti-obesity effects with certain phytochemicals can prove rational strategies to prevent the disease and develop novel therapeutic interventions. Thus, the current review aimed to summarize the epigenetic mechanisms and advances in therapies for obesity based on natural products to provide evidence for the development of several potential anti-obesity drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of PharmacyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Yulai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central HospitalAffiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshiHubeiP.R. China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General HospitalHubei University of MedicineShiyanHubeiP.R. China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of PharmacyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiP.R. China
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4
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Gabbianelli R, Shahar E, de Simone G, Rucci C, Bordoni L, Feliziani G, Zhao F, Ferrati M, Maggi F, Spinozzi E, Mahajna J. Plant-Derived Epi-Nutraceuticals as Potential Broad-Spectrum Anti-Viral Agents. Nutrients 2023; 15:4719. [PMID: 38004113 PMCID: PMC10675658 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the COVID-19 pandemic appears to be diminishing, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants represents a threat to humans due to their inherent transmissibility, immunological evasion, virulence, and invulnerability to existing therapies. The COVID-19 pandemic affected more than 500 million people and caused over 6 million deaths. Vaccines are essential, but in circumstances in which vaccination is not accessible or in individuals with compromised immune systems, drugs can provide additional protection. Targeting host signaling pathways is recommended due to their genomic stability and resistance barriers. Moreover, targeting host factors allows us to develop compounds that are effective against different viral variants as well as against newly emerging virus strains. In recent years, the globe has experienced climate change, which may contribute to the emergence and spread of infectious diseases through a variety of factors. Warmer temperatures and changing precipitation patterns can increase the geographic range of disease-carrying vectors, increasing the risk of diseases spreading to new areas. Climate change may also affect vector behavior, leading to a longer breeding season and more breeding sites for disease vectors. Climate change may also disrupt ecosystems, bringing humans closer to wildlife that transmits zoonotic diseases. All the above factors may accelerate the emergence of new viral epidemics. Plant-derived products, which have been used in traditional medicine for treating pathological conditions, offer structurally novel therapeutic compounds, including those with anti-viral activity. In addition, plant-derived bioactive substances might serve as the ideal basis for developing sustainable/efficient/cost-effective anti-viral alternatives. Interest in herbal antiviral products has increased. More than 50% of approved drugs originate from herbal sources. Plant-derived compounds offer diverse structures and bioactive molecules that are candidates for new drug development. Combining these therapies with conventional drugs could improve patient outcomes. Epigenetics modifications in the genome can affect gene expression without altering DNA sequences. Host cells can use epigenetic gene regulation as a mechanism to silence incoming viral DNA molecules, while viruses recruit cellular epitranscriptomic (covalent modifications of RNAs) modifiers to increase the translational efficiency and transcript stability of viral transcripts to enhance viral gene expression and replication. Moreover, viruses manipulate host cells' epigenetic machinery to ensure productive viral infections. Environmental factors, such as natural products, may influence epigenetic modifications. In this review, we explore the potential of plant-derived substances as epigenetic modifiers for broad-spectrum anti-viral activity, reviewing their modulation processes and anti-viral effects on DNA and RNA viruses, as well as addressing future research objectives in this rapidly emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Ehud Shahar
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
| | - Gaia de Simone
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Chiara Rucci
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Giulia Feliziani
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fanrui Zhao
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (R.G.); (G.d.S.); (L.B.); (G.F.); (F.Z.)
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP) Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.F.); (F.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Migal—Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel;
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Hai College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel
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5
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Sinha R, Dvorak M, Ganesan A, Kalesinskas L, Niemeyer CM, Flotho C, Sakamoto KM, Lacayo N, Patil RV, Perriman R, Cepika AM, Liu YL, Kuo A, Utz PJ, Khatri P, Bertaina A. Epigenetic Profiling of PTPN11 Mutant JMML Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Reveals an Aberrant Histone Landscape. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5204. [PMID: 37958378 PMCID: PMC10650722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a deadly pediatric leukemia driven by RAS pathway mutations, of which >35% are gain-of-function in PTPN11. Although DNA hypermethylation portends severe clinical phenotypes, the landscape of histone modifications and chromatin profiles in JMML patient cells have not been explored. Using global mass cytometry, Epigenetic Time of Flight (EpiTOF), we analyzed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from five JMML patients with PTPN11 mutations. These data revealed statistically significant changes in histone methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation marks that were unique to JMML HSPCs when compared with healthy controls. Consistent with these data, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis revealed significant alterations in chromatin profiles at loci encoding post-translational modification enzymes, strongly suggesting their mis-regulated expression. Collectively, this study reveals histone modification pathways as an additional epigenetic abnormality in JMML patient HSPCs, thereby uncovering a new family of potential druggable targets for the treatment of JMML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani Sinha
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.S.); (R.V.P.); (R.P.); (A.-M.C.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Mai Dvorak
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.D.); (A.G.); (L.K.); (A.K.); (P.J.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Ananthakrishnan Ganesan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.D.); (A.G.); (L.K.); (A.K.); (P.J.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Larry Kalesinskas
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.D.); (A.G.); (L.K.); (A.K.); (P.J.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Charlotte M. Niemeyer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (C.M.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Christian Flotho
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (C.M.N.); (C.F.)
| | - Kathleen M. Sakamoto
- Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Norman Lacayo
- Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.M.S.); (N.L.)
| | - Rachana Vinay Patil
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.S.); (R.V.P.); (R.P.); (A.-M.C.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Rhonda Perriman
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.S.); (R.V.P.); (R.P.); (A.-M.C.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Alma-Martina Cepika
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.S.); (R.V.P.); (R.P.); (A.-M.C.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Yunying Lucy Liu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.S.); (R.V.P.); (R.P.); (A.-M.C.); (Y.L.L.)
| | - Alex Kuo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.D.); (A.G.); (L.K.); (A.K.); (P.J.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.D.); (A.G.); (L.K.); (A.K.); (P.J.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.D.); (A.G.); (L.K.); (A.K.); (P.J.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Alice Bertaina
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (R.S.); (R.V.P.); (R.P.); (A.-M.C.); (Y.L.L.)
- Bass Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorders at Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.M.S.); (N.L.)
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6
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Pandey P, Khan F, Seifeldin SA, Alshaghdali K, Siddiqui S, Abdelwadoud ME, Vyas M, Saeed M, Mazumder A, Saeed A. Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Flavonoids: Implication for Cancer Therapeutics. Nutrients 2023; 15:2088. [PMID: 37432240 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway has been recognized for its crucial role in human development and homeostasis, but its dysregulation has also been linked to several disorders, including cancer. Wnt signaling is crucial for the development and metastasis of several kinds of cancer. Moreover, members of the Wnt pathway have been proven to be effective biomarkers and promising cancer therapeutic targets. Abnormal stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway has been linked to the initiation and advancement of cancer in both clinical research and in vitro investigations. A reduction in cancer incidence rate and an improvement in survival may result from targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. As a result, blocking this pathway has been the focus of cancer research, and several candidates that can be targeted are currently being developed. Flavonoids derived from plants exhibit growth inhibitory, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-migratory effects against various malignancies. Moreover, flavonoids influence different signaling pathways, including Wnt, to exert their anticancer effects. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the influence of flavonoids on cancer development and metastasis by focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and we provide evidence of their impact on a number of molecular targets. Overall, this review will enhance our understanding of these natural products as Wnt pathway modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Sara A Seifeldin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshaghdali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samra Siddiqui
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Elfatih Abdelwadoud
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Manish Vyas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Ha'il 34464, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Greater Noida 201306, India
| | - Amir Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Centre, University of Hail, Ha'il 55473, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Medical Sciences & Technology, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Human Cancers: Recent Updates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082568. [PMID: 35458763 PMCID: PMC9027183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex pathology that causes a large number of deaths worldwide. Several risk factors are involved in tumor transformation, including epigenetic factors. These factors are a set of changes that do not affect the DNA sequence, while modifying the gene’s expression. Histone modification is an essential mark in maintaining cellular memory and, therefore, loss of this mark can lead to tumor transformation. As these epigenetic changes are reversible, the use of molecules that can restore the functions of the enzymes responsible for the changes is therapeutically necessary. Natural molecules, mainly those isolated from medicinal plants, have demonstrated significant inhibitory properties against enzymes related to histone modifications, particularly histone deacetylases (HDACs). Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids exert significant inhibitory effects against HDAC and exhibit promising epi-drug properties. This suggests that epi-drugs against HDAC could prevent and treat various human cancers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic action of different natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants against the enzymatic activity of HDAC.
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Oliveira LFS, Predes D, Borges HL, Abreu JG. Therapeutic Potential of Naturally Occurring Small Molecules to Target the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020403. [PMID: 35053565 PMCID: PMC8774030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an emerging public health problem and the second leading cause of death worldwide, with a significant socioeconomic impact in several countries. The 5-year survival rate is only 12% due to the lack of early diagnosis and resistance to available treatments, and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway is involved in this process. This review underlines the importance of understanding the fundamental roles of this pathway in physiological and pathological contexts and analyzes the use of naturally occurring small molecules that inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in experimental models of CRC. We also discuss the progress and challenges of moving these small molecules off the laboratory bench into the clinical platform. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in the number of cancer deaths worldwide, mainly due to late diagnoses, which restrict treatment in the potentially curable stages and decrease patient survival. The treatment of CRC involves surgery to remove the tumor tissue, in addition to radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy sessions. However, almost half of patients are resistant to these treatments, especially in metastatic cases, where the 5-year survival rate is only 12%. This factor may be related to the intratumoral heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment (TME), and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which is impossible to resolve with the standard approaches currently available in clinical practice. CSCs are APC-deficient, and the search for alternative therapeutic agents such as small molecules from natural sources is a promising strategy, as these substances have several antitumor properties. Many of those interfere with the regulation of signaling pathways at the central core of CRC development, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, which plays a crucial role in the cell proliferation and stemness in the tumor. This review will discuss the use of naturally occurring small molecules inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in experimental CRC models over the past decade, highlighting the molecular targets in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and the mechanisms through which these molecules perform their antitumor activities.
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Liu L, DU C, Wei X, Liao R. [Correlation of peritumoral circWDR25 expression with the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1388-1393. [PMID: 34658354 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between the expression of peritumoral circWDR25 (hsa-circRNA-0004310) secreted by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the prognosis of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. METHODS HSCs cell line LX-2 was co-cultured separately with 3 liver cancer cell lines (Hep3B, SMMC-7721, and HCCLM3) in Transwell chambers to obtain tumor cell-activated HSCs. The supernatants of HSC cultures were collected to isolate the exosomes, from which total RNA was extracted to detect circRNA expression profile. We also collected specimens of paracancerous liver tissues from 288 HCC patients undergoing radical resection in our department from January, 2014 to October, 2015, and the expression levels of circWDR25 and α-SMA were detected with in situ hybridization. Log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were used for univariate and multivariate analysis of the factors affecting the patients' prognosis, respectively. RESULTS Gene expression profiling revealed that the expression of circWDR25 was the most obviously up-regulated in the exosomes isolated from tumor-activated LX-2 cells. The expression of peritumoral circWDR25 was positively correlated with HSCs adjacent to the cancer loci (r=0.156, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that a preoperative AST level >36 g/L, multiple tumors, a tumor diameter >5 cm, HSC>70, and circWDR25>190 were independent risk factors affecting the overall survival of HCC patients after radical resection; a preoperative AST level >36 g/L, multiple tumors, a tumor diameter >5 cm, presence of tumor thrombus, HSC>70, and circWDR25>190 were all independent risk factors for tumor-free survival in patients with liver cancer. CONCLUSION Peritumoral circWDR25 and HSCs are factors affecting the prognosis of HCC patients after radical hepatectomy, and their high expression in the adjacent tissues is closely related to a poor prognosis of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - C DU
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - X Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - R Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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10
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Javed Z, Khan K, Herrera-Bravo J, Naeem S, Iqbal MJ, Sadia H, Qadri QR, Raza S, Irshad A, Akbar A, Reiner Ž, Al-Harrasi A, Al-Rawahi A, Satmbekova D, Butnariu M, Bagiu IC, Bagiu RV, Sharifi-Rad J. Genistein as a regulator of signaling pathways and microRNAs in different types of cancers. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:388. [PMID: 34289845 PMCID: PMC8296701 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are complex diseases orchestrated by a plethora of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Research spanning over several decades has provided better understanding of complex molecular interactions responsible for the multifaceted nature of cancer. Recent advances in the field of next generation sequencing and functional genomics have brought us closer towards unravelling the complexities of tumor microenvironment (tumor heterogeneity) and deregulated signaling cascades responsible for proliferation and survival of tumor cells. Phytochemicals have begun to emerge as potent beneficial substances aimed to target deregulated signaling pathways. Isoflavonoid genistein is an essential phytochemical involved in regulation of key biological processes including those in different types of cancer. Emerging preclinical evidence have shown its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Testing of this substance is in various phases of clinical trials. Comprehensive preclinical and clinical trials data is providing insight on genistein as a modulator of various signaling pathways both at transcription and translation levels. In this review we have explained the mechanistic regulation of several key cellular pathways by genistein. We have also addressed in detail various microRNAs regulated by genistein in different types of cancer. Moreover, application of nano-formulations to increase the efficiency of genistein is also discussed. Understanding the pleiotropic potential of genistein to regulate key cellular pathways and development of efficient drug delivery system will bring us a step towards designing better chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Javed
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khushbukhat Khan
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, 4811230, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sajid Naeem
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhuo University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Javed Iqbal
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan.
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, BUITEMS, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Qamar Raza Qadri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Raza
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Lahore Garrison University, Sector-C, DHA Phase-VI, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Irshad
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Akbar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Almouz, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Dinara Satmbekova
- High School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" From Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Iulia Cristina Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara Discipline of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania.,Multidisciplinary Research Center on Antimicrobial Resistance, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Radu Vasile Bagiu
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timisoara Discipline of Microbiology, Timisoara, Romania.,Preventive Medicine Study Center, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Imran M, Rauf A, Nadeem M, Gondal TA, Ahmad B, Atif M, Mubarak MS, Sytar O, Zhilina OM, Garsiya ER, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Pons DG, Martorell M, Cardoso SM, Razis AFA, Sunusi U, Kamal RM, Rotariu LS, Butnariu M, Docea AO, Calina D. Genistein: An Integrative Overview of Its Mode of Action, Pharmacological Properties, and Health Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3268136. [PMID: 34336089 PMCID: PMC8315847 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3268136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone first isolated from the brooming plant Dyer's Genista tinctoria L. and is widely distributed in the Fabaceae family. As an isoflavone, mammalian genistein exerts estrogen-like functions. Several biological effects of genistein have been reported in preclinical studies, such as the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral activities, the effects of angiogenesis and estrogen, and the pharmacological activities on diabetes and lipid metabolism. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date evidence of preclinical pharmacological activities with mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and clinical evidence of genistein. The literature was researched using the most important keyword "genistein" from the PubMed, Science, and Google Scholar databases, and the taxonomy was validated using The Plant List. Data were also collected from specialized books and other online resources. The main positive effects of genistein refer to the protection against cardiovascular diseases and to the decrease of the incidence of some types of cancer, especially breast cancer. Although the mechanism of protection against cancer involves several aspects of genistein metabolism, the researchers attribute this effect to the similarity between the structure of soy genistein and that of estrogen. This structural similarity allows genistein to displace estrogen from cellular receptors, thus blocking their hormonal activity. The pharmacological activities resulting from the experimental studies of this review support the traditional uses of genistein, but in the future, further investigations are needed on the efficacy, safety, and use of nanotechnologies to increase bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avda. Arturo Prat 2120, Iquique 1110939, Chile
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar-, 23561 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari-, Pakistan
| | | | - Bashir Ahmad
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar-, 25120 KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Str., 64, Kyiv 01033, Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Oxana Mihailovna Zhilina
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk 357532, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Robertovna Garsiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations, Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Pyatigorsk 357532, Russia
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma 07122, Spain
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad de Concepción UDT, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Susana M Cardoso
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Usman Sunusi
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, PMB 7156 Dutse Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Lia Sanda Rotariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Banat's University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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12
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Jiang W, Xia T, Liu C, Li J, Zhang W, Sun C. Remodeling the Epigenetic Landscape of Cancer-Application Potential of Flavonoids in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:705903. [PMID: 34235089 PMCID: PMC8255972 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.705903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA regulation, are physiological regulatory changes that affect gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence. Although epigenetic disorders are considered a sign of cell carcinogenesis and malignant events that affect tumor progression and drug resistance, in view of the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, clinicians believe that associated mechanisms can be a key target for cancer prevention and treatment. In contrast, epidemiological and preclinical studies indicated that the epigenome is constantly reprogrammed by intake of natural organic compounds and the environment, suggesting the possibility of utilizing natural compounds to influence epigenetics in cancer therapy. Flavonoids, although not synthesized in the human body, can be consumed daily and are common in medicinal plants, vegetables, fruits, and tea. Recently, numerous reports provided evidence for the regulation of cancer epigenetics by flavonoids. Considering their origin in natural and food sources, few side effects, and remarkable biological activity, the epigenetic antitumor effects of flavonoids warrant further investigation. In this article, we summarized and analyzed the multi-dimensional epigenetic effects of all 6 subtypes of flavonoids (including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavanols, and anthocyanidin) in different cancer types. Additionally, our report also provides new insights and a promising direction for future research and development of flavonoids in tumor prevention and treatment via epigenetic modification, in order to realize their potential as cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Jiang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cun Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Clinical Medical Colleges, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
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13
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Sun G, Wu L, Sun G, Shi X, Cao H, Tang W. WNT5a in Colorectal Cancer: Research Progress and Challenges. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2483-2498. [PMID: 33758546 PMCID: PMC7981155 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s289819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical development of new adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs, colorectal cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in human beings. WNT5a, an autocrine and paracrine β-catenin independent ligand, has been shown to induce tumor inhibition and carcinogenic signals, depending on the type of cancer. In patients with colorectal cancer, WNT5a triggers a variety of downstream signaling pathways, which mainly affect the migration and invasion of tumor cells. This article reviews the mechanism and therapeutic potential of WNT5a in colorectal cancer. In short, an in-depth understanding of the role of WNT5a in colorectal cancer is very helpful to better deal with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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14
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Gong W, Martin TA, Sanders AJ, Jiang A, Sun P, Jiang WG. Location, function and role of stromal cell‑derived factors and possible implications in cancer (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:435-443. [PMID: 33416125 PMCID: PMC7797432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite improvements in therapy and management, cancer represents and remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Although genetics serve an important role in tumorigenesis and tumour progression, the tumour microenvironment (TME) in solid tumours is also important and has been indicated to contribute to these processes. Stromal cell‑derived factors (SDFs) represent an important family within the TME. The family includes SDF‑1, SDF‑2, SDF2‑like 1 (SDF2L1), SDF‑3, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5. SDF‑1 has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator in a number of types of tumour, such as oesophago‑gastric, pancreatic, lung, breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer, while the biology and functions of other members of the SDF family, including SDF‑2, SDF2L1, SDF‑4 and SDF‑5, in cancer are different, complex and controversial, and remain mainly unknown. Full identification and understanding of the SDFs across multiple types of cancer is required to elucidate their function and establish potential key targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China,Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Tracey A. Martin
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Andrew J. Sanders
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aihua Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Medical College, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK,Correspondence to: Professor Wen G. Jiang, Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK, E-mail:
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15
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Antiobesity effects of phytochemicals from an epigenetic perspective. Nutrition 2020; 84:111119. [PMID: 33476999 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an important cause of morbidity and mortality due to its close association with metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. According to the Developmental Origins of Adult Health and Disease hypothesis, obesity is likely caused by epigenetic changes. Recent studies have shown an association between epigenetic dysregulation of certain genes and obesity. Due to their reversible characteristic, epigenetic dysregulations can be restored. Restoration of epigenetic dysregulation in obesity-related genes by epigenetic modifiers may be a new treatment option for obesity. Certain phytochemicals such as tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, isothiocyanates, and citrus isoflavonoids were shown to prevent weight gain. These phytochemicals are known for their antioxidant effects but they also modify epigenetic mechanisms. These phytochemicals may have a therapeutic potential in the management of obesity. The aim of this study was to review the epigenetic effects of certain phytochemicals on the expression of obesity-related genes.
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16
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Ghazi T, Arumugam T, Foolchand A, Chuturgoon AA. The Impact of Natural Dietary Compounds and Food-Borne Mycotoxins on DNA Methylation and Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2004. [PMID: 32878338 PMCID: PMC7565866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression is an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications. DNA methylation is a common epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and aberrant DNA methylation patterns are considered a hallmark of cancer. The human diet is a source of micronutrients, bioactive molecules, and mycotoxins that have the ability to alter DNA methylation patterns and are thus a contributing factor for both the prevention and onset of cancer. Micronutrients such as betaine, choline, folate, and methionine serve as cofactors or methyl donors for one-carbon metabolism and other DNA methylation reactions. Dietary bioactive compounds such as curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane reactivate essential tumor suppressor genes by reversing aberrant DNA methylation patterns, and therefore, they have shown potential against various cancers. In contrast, fungi-contaminated agricultural foods are a source of potent mycotoxins that induce carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on dietary micronutrients, bioactive compounds, and food-borne mycotoxins that affect DNA methylation patterns and identify their potential in the onset and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa; (T.G.); (T.A.); (A.F.)
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17
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Xie N, Nice EC, Zhang T, Cui Y, Huang C. Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:113. [PMID: 32616710 PMCID: PMC7331117 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs for cancer therapy have necessitated the development of the alternative strategy of drug repurposing, the development of old drugs for new therapeutic purposes. This strategy with a cost-effective way offers a rare opportunity for the treatment of human neoplastic disease, facilitating rapid clinical translation. With an increased understanding of the hallmarks of cancer and the development of various data-driven approaches, drug repurposing further promotes the holistic productivity of drug discovery and reasonably focuses on target-defined antineoplastic compounds. The "treasure trove" of non-oncology drugs should not be ignored since they could target not only known but also hitherto unknown vulnerabilities of cancer. Indeed, different from targeted drugs, these old generic drugs, usually used in a multi-target strategy may bring benefit to patients. In this review, aiming to demonstrate the full potential of drug repurposing, we present various promising repurposed non-oncology drugs for clinical cancer management and classify these candidates into their proposed administration for either mono- or drug combination therapy. We also summarize approaches used for drug repurposing and discuss the main barriers to its uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Tao Zhang
- The School of Biological Science and Technology, Chengdu Medical College, 610083, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, 610051, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongping Cui
- Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, and Cancer Institute, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen, 518035, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research on Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Khan H, Belwal T, Efferth T, Farooqi AA, Sanches-Silva A, Vacca RA, Nabavi SF, Khan F, Prasad Devkota H, Barreca D, Sureda A, Tejada S, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Suntar İ, Xu S, Ullah H, Battino M, Giampieri F, Nabavi SM. Targeting epigenetics in cancer: therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1616-1639. [PMID: 32478608 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1763910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrespective of sex and age, cancer is the leading cause of mortality around the globe. Therapeutic incompliance, unwanted effects, and economic burdens imparted by cancer treatments, are primary health challenges. The heritable features in gene expression that are propagated through cell division and contribute to cellular identity without a change in DNA sequence are considered epigenetic characteristics and agents that could interfere with these features and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets. The genetic modification accounts for the recurrence and uncontrolled changes in the physiology of cancer cells. This review focuses on plant-derived flavonoids as a therapeutic tool for cancer, attributed to their ability for epigenetic regulation of cancer pathogenesis. The epigenetic mechanisms of various classes of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin, are discussed. The outstanding results of preclinical studies encourage researchers to design several clinical trials on various flavonoids to ascertain their clinical strength in the treatment of different cancers. The results of such studies will define the clinical fate of these agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of neurophysiology, Biology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - İpek Suntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Rosenfeld CS. Effects of Phytoestrogens on the Developing Brain, Gut Microbiota, and Risk for Neurobehavioral Disorders. Front Nutr 2019; 6:142. [PMID: 31555657 PMCID: PMC6727358 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Many pregnant and nursing women consume high amounts of soy and other plant products that contain phytoestrogens, such as genistein (GEN) and daidzein. Infants may also be provided soy based formulas. With their ability to bind and activate estrogen receptors (ESR) in the brain, such compounds can disrupt normal brain programming and lead to later neurobehavioral disruptions. However, other studies suggest that maternal consumption of soy and soy based formulas containing such phytoestrogens might lead to beneficial behavioral effects. Select gut microbes might also convert daidzein and to a lesser extent genistein to even more potent forms, e.g., equol derivatives. Thus, infant exposure to phytoestrogens may result in contrasting effects dependent upon the gut flora. It is also becoming apparent that consumption or exposure to these xenoestrogens may lead to gut dysbiosis. Phytoestrogen-induced changes in gut bacteria might in turn affect the brain through various mechanisms. This review will consider the evidence to date in rodent and other animal models and human epidemiological data as to whether developmental exposure to phytoestrogens, in particular genistein and daidzein, adversely or beneficially impact offspring neurobehavioral programming. Consideration will be given to potential mechanisms by which such compounds might affect neurobehavioral responses. A better understanding of effects perinatal exposure to phytoestrogen can exert on brain programming will permit pregnant women and those seeking to become pregnant to make better-educated choices. If phytoestrogen-induced gut dysbiosis contributes to neurobehavioral disruptions, remediation strategies may be designed to prevent such gut microbiota alterations and thereby improve neurobehavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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20
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Zhang PF, Wei CY, Huang XY, Peng R, Yang X, Lu JC, Zhang C, Gao C, Cai JB, Gao PT, Gao DM, Shi GM, Ke AW, Fan J. Circular RNA circTRIM33-12 acts as the sponge of MicroRNA-191 to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:105. [PMID: 31153371 PMCID: PMC6545035 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, the dysregulation of circular RNA (circRNA) have been shown to have important regulatory roles in cancer development and progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of most circRNAs in HCC are still unknown. Methods The expression of circular tripartite motif containing 33–12 (circTRIM33–12) in HCC tissues and cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. The role of circTRIM33–12 in HCC progression was assessed by western blotting, CCK-8, flow cytometry, transwell and a subcutaneous tumor mouse assays both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo circRNA precipitation, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the interaction between circTRIM33–12 and miR-191. Results Here, we found that circTRIM33–12, is downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. The downregulation of circTRIM33–12 in HCC was significantly correlated with malignant characteristics and served as an independent risk factor for the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) of patients with HCC after surgery. The reduced expression of circTRIM33–12 in HCC cells increases tumor proliferation, migration, invasion and immune evasion. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that circTRIM33–12 upregulated TET1 expression by sponging miR-191, resulting in significantly reduced 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels in HCC cells. Conclusions These results reveal the important role of circTRIM33–12 in the proliferation, migration, invasion and immune evasion abilities of HCC cells and provide a new perspective on circRNAs in HCC progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-019-1031-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Yuan Wei
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Huang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Peng
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Bin Cai
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Ting Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai-Wu Ke
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia Fan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Cancer Center, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Li S, Chen M, Li Y, Tollefsbol TO. Prenatal epigenetics diets play protective roles against environmental pollution. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:82. [PMID: 31097039 PMCID: PMC6524340 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that germ cells and preimplantation embryos during development are most susceptible to endogenous and exogenous environmental factors because the epigenome in those cells is undergoing dramatic elimination and reconstruction. Exposure to environmental factors such as nutrition, climate, stress, pathogens, toxins, and even social behavior during gametogenesis and early embryogenesis has been shown to influence disease susceptibility in the offspring. Early-life epigenetic modifications, which determine the expression of genetic information stored in the genome, are viewed as one of the general mechanisms linking prenatal exposure and phenotypic changes later in life. From atmospheric pollution, endocrine-disrupting chemicals to heavy metals, research increasingly suggests that environmental pollutions have already produced significant consequences on human health. Moreover, mounting evidence now links such pollution to relevant modification in the epigenome. The epigenetics diet, referring to a class of bioactive dietary compounds such as isothiocyanates in broccoli, genistein in soybean, resveratrol in grape, epigallocatechin-3-gallate in green tea, and ascorbic acid in fruits, has been shown to modify the epigenome leading to beneficial health outcomes. This review will primarily focus on the causes and consequences of prenatal environment pollution exposure on the epigenome, and the potential protective role of the epigenetics diet, which could play a central role in neutralizing epigenomic aberrations against environmental pollutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Li
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Trygve O Tollefsbol
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Center for Healthy Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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22
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Rezapour S, Hosseinzadeh E, Marofi F, Hassanzadeh A. Epigenetic-based therapy for colorectal cancer: Prospect and involved mechanisms. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19366-19383. [PMID: 31020647 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are heritable variations in gene expression not encoded by the DNA sequence. According to reports, a large number of studies have been performed to characterize epigenetic modification during normal development and also in cancer. Epigenetics can be regarded more widely to contain all of the changes in expression of genes that make by adjusted interactions between the regulatory portions of DNA or messenger RNAs that lead to indirect variation in the DNA sequence. In the last decade, epigenetic modification importance in colorectal cancer (CRC) pathogenesis was demonstrated powerfully. Although developments in CRC therapy have been made in the last years, much work is required as it remains the second leading cause of cancer death. Nowadays, epigenetic programs and genetic change have pivotal roles in the CRC incidence as well as progression. While our knowledge about epigenetic mechanism in CRC is not comprehensive, selective histone modifications and resultant chromatin conformation together with DNA methylation most likely regulate CRC pathogenesis that involved genes expression. Undoubtedly, the advanced understanding of epigenetic-based gene expression regulation in the CRC is essential to make epigenetic drugs for CRC therapy. The major aim of this review is to deliver a summary of valuable results that represent evidence of principle for epigenetic-based therapeutic approaches employment in CRC with a focus on the advantages of epigenetic-based therapy in the inhibition of the CRC metastasis and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleheh Rezapour
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Hassanzadeh
- Division of Hematology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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23
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Carlos-Reyes Á, López-González JS, Meneses-Flores M, Gallardo-Rincón D, Ruíz-García E, Marchat LA, Astudillo-de la Vega H, Hernández de la Cruz ON, López-Camarillo C. Dietary Compounds as Epigenetic Modulating Agents in Cancer. Front Genet 2019; 10:79. [PMID: 30881375 PMCID: PMC6406035 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms control gene expression during normal development and their aberrant regulation may lead to human diseases including cancer. Natural phytochemicals can largely modulate mammalian epigenome through regulation of mechanisms and proteins responsible for chromatin remodeling. Phytochemicals are mainly contained in fruits, seeds, and vegetables as well as in foods supplements. These compounds act as powerful cellular antioxidants and anti-carcinogens agents. Several dietary compounds such as catechins, curcumin, genistein, quercetin and resveratrol, among others, exhibit potent anti-tumor activities through the reversion of epigenetic alterations associated to oncogenes activation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. In this review, we summarized the actual knowledge about the role of dietary phytochemicals in the restoration of aberrant epigenetic alterations found in cancer cells with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications. Furthermore, we discussed the mechanisms by which these natural compounds modulate gene expression at epigenetic level and described their molecular targets in diverse types of cancer. Modulation of epigenetic activities by phytochemicals will allow the discovery of novel biomarkers for cancer prevention, and highlights its potential as an alternative therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángeles Carlos-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Sullivan López-González
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Meneses-Flores
- Laboratorio de Cáncer de Pulmón, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosio Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Gallardo-Rincón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laurence A. Marchat
- Programa en Biomedicina Molecular y Red de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega
- Laboratorio de Investigación Traslacional en Cáncer y Terapia Celular, Hospital de Oncología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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24
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de Melo FHM, Oliveira JS, Sartorelli VOB, Montor WR. Cancer Chemoprevention: Classic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Inhibiting Tumorigenesis. What Have We Learned So Far? Front Oncol 2018; 8:644. [PMID: 30627525 PMCID: PMC6309127 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers derive from step by step processes which are differentiated by the progressively accumulated mutations. For some tumors there is a clear progressive advancement from benign lesions to malignancy and for these, preventive screening programs exist. In such cases having those benign lesions are a clear indicator of predisposition while for some other cases, familial patterns of cancer incidence and the identification of mutations are the main indicators of higher risk for having the disease. For patients identified as having predisposition, chemoprevention is a goal and in some cases a possibility. Chemoprevention is the use of any compound, either natural or synthetic that abrogates carcinogenesis or tumor progression, through different mechanisms, some of which have already been described. For example, the classic mechanisms may involve activation of free radical scavenging enzymes, control of chronic inflammation, and downregulation of specific signaling pathways. More recently, epigenetics allowed further understanding of the chemopreventive potential of several agents, such as sulforaphane, green tea derived compounds, resveratrol, isoflavones, and others which we exploit in this review article. Throughout the text we discuss the properties compounds should have in order to be classified as chemopreventive ones and the challenges in translational research in this area, as lots of the success achieved in vitro cannot be translated into the clinical settings, due to several different drawbacks, which include toxicity, cost, dose definition, patient adherence, and regimen of use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Salles Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences (FCMSCSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Ricardo Montor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences (FCMSCSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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25
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Lv Z, Xing K, Li G, Liu D, Guo Y. Dietary Genistein Alleviates Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Inflammatory Response in Laying Hens With Fatty Liver Syndrome. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1493. [PMID: 30405443 PMCID: PMC6207982 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of dietary genistein (GEN) on fatty liver syndrome (FLS) in laying hens. Hens in the control group (CG) were fed a high-energy and low-choline (HELC) diet to establish the FLS model. The livers of the FLS hens were friable and swollen from hemorrhage. Hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were present around the liver blood vessels. Hens in the low-genistein (LGE) and high-genistein (he) groups were fed GEN at 40 and 400 mg/kg doses, respectively, as supplements to the HELC diet. GEN at 40 mg/kg significantly increased gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus, the serum estrogen (E2) level, and the laying rate, whereas 400 mg/kg of GEN decreased GnRH expression and the laying rate without significantly affecting E2, suggesting that high-dose GEN adversely affected the reproductive performance. Either high- or low-dose GEN treatment could alleviate metabolic disorders and inflammatory responses in FLS hens. GEN significantly decreased the serum ALT, creatinine, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acid (FFA) levels. Accordingly, the TG and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) levels, including long-chain saturated fatty acids (LSFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in the liver were reduced after the GEN treatments, whereas the levels of C22:0, n-3 family fatty acids, C20:3n6, and C20:4n6 were increased. These results indicated that dietary GEN downregulated the expression of genes related to fatty acid synthesis [sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1c), liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACC)] and the fatty acid transporter (FAT). Furthermore, GEN treatments upregulated the transcription of genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α, PPARδ, ACOT8, ACAD8, and ACADs] in the liver and reduced PPARγ and AFABP expression in abdominal fat. Dietary GEN alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration in the livers of FLS hens and downregulated TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression. Moreover, GEN treatment increased SOD activity and decreased malondialdehyde activity in the liver. In conclusion, GEN supplementation in the feed inhibited fatty acid synthesis and enhanced β-oxidation in the liver through the PPAR-ACAD/ACOT and PPAR-LXRα-SREBP1c-ACC/FAS/FAT pathways. Dietary GEN alleviated metabolic disorder and inflammation in the FLS hens by improving the antioxidant capacity and fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Genistein reduces proliferation of EP3-expressing melanoma cells through inhibition of PGE2-induced IL-8 expression. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 62:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dutta B, Park JE, Qing ITY, Kon OL, Sze SK. Soy-Derived Phytochemical Genistein Modifies Chromatome Topology to Restrict Cancer Cell Proliferation. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700474. [PMID: 29963755 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate that human cancer risk is significantly reduced by the consumption of soy-based foods containing the "phytoestrogen" genistein, which can signal via host cell estrogen receptors. While additional chemoprotective effects of genistein induced by epigenetic factors have also been reported, the key molecules and mechanisms involved are poorly defined. We therefore investigated genistein effects on chromatin-bound proteins in the estrogen receptor-deficient cell line MDA-MB-231 which is insensitive to phytoestrogen signaling. After exposure to low-dose genistein for >1 month, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited stable epigenetic alterations that are analyzed via partial MNase digestion and TMT-based quantitative proteomics. 3177 chromatin-bound proteins are identified with high confidence, including 882 molecules that displayed altered binding topology after cell conditioning with genistein. Prolonged phytochemical exposure conferred heritable changes in the binding topology of key epigenetic regulators including ATRX, SUV39H1/H2, and HP1BP3 that are preserved in untreated progeny, resulting in sustained downregulation of proliferation genes and reduced cell growth. These data indicate that soy derivative genistein exerts complex estrogen receptor-independent effects on the epigenome likely to influence tumorigenesis by restricting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamaprasad Dutta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Ivan Toh Yi Qing
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Oi Lian Kon
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, 169610, Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
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Wils LJ, Bijlsma MF. Epigenetic regulation of the Hedgehog and Wnt pathways in cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 121:23-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Tao J, Shi L, Huang L, Shi H, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang T. EZH2 is involved in silencing of WNT5A during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cell line. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2211-2219. [PMID: 28748258 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SW480 was established as a system for studies of colon cancer metastasis. However, the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. In mammal, polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) is a highly conserved histone methyltransferase involved in epigenetic regulations. Enhancer of zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of PRC2, which catalyzes methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27). METHODS An inducible EMT system in colorectal cancer was utilized to study its mechanistic and phenotypic changes. Particularly, gene expression analysis was studied after immunoprecipitation. RESULTS In this study, we reported that EZH2 is significantly enriched in the promoter region of WNT5A after TGF-β induction in SW480 colon cancer cell line, which in turn silenced the expression of WNT5A. Furthermore, EZH2 inhibitor antagonized the TGF-β-induced morphological conversion associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Conversely, inhibition of histone H3K27me3 reader CBX does not affect the WNT5A expression level during TGF-β-induced EMT. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that EZH2 was essential for the silencing of WNT5A during TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Tao
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Shi
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Longchang Huang
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoze Shi
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, People's Republic of China.
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Zhou X, Zhu J, Bian T, Wang R, Gao F. Mislocalization of Runt-related transcription factor 3 results in airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness in a murine asthma model. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2695-2701. [PMID: 28962214 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) gene family consists of three members, RUNX1, -2 and -3, which heterodimerize with a common protein, core-binding factor β, and contain the highly conserved Runt-homology domain. RUNX1 and -2 have essential roles in hematopoiesis and osteogenesis. Runx3 protein regulates cell lineage decisions in neurogenesis and thymopoiesis. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression features of the Runx3 protein in a murine asthma model. In vivo, Runx3 protein and mRNA were found to be almost equivalently expressed in the murine lung tissue of the control, ovalbumin (OVA) and genistein groups; however, the nuclear Runx3 protein was abated in lung tissue in OVA-immunized and challenged mice. Following treatment with genistein, which is a flavonoid previously demonstrated to decrease airway inflammation in asthma, the allergic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness were attenuated and the Runx3 protein tended to augment in the nucleus. These results were further determined in vitro. These results indicated that the mislocalization of Runx3 protein is a molecular mechanism of allergic inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness in a murine asthma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, P.R. China
| | - Jinxiao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, P.R. China
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Ratovitski EA. Anticancer Natural Compounds as Epigenetic Modulators of Gene Expression. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:175-205. [PMID: 28367075 PMCID: PMC5345332 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803165229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that hallmarks of cancer include: "genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to inactivation of cancer suppressors, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades, alterations of cancer cell metabolism, failure to undergo cancer cell death, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, metastasis, deregulation of immune response and changes in cancer microenvironment, which underpin cancer development". Natural compounds as bioactive ingredients isolated from natural sources (plants, fungi, marine life forms) have revolutionized the field of anticancer therapeutics and rapid developments in preclinical studies are encouraging. Natural compounds could affect the epigenetic molecular mechanisms that modulate gene expression, as well as DNA damage and repair mechanisms. The current review will describe the latest achievements in using naturally produced compounds targeting epigenetic regulators and modulators of gene transcription in vitro and in vivo to generate novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Ratovitski
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Division, Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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32
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Du Q, Wang Y, Liu C, Wang H, Fan H, Li Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Lu J, Ji H, Hu R. Chemopreventive activity of GEN-27, a genistein derivative, in colitis-associated cancer is mediated by p65-CDX2-β-catenin axis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17870-84. [PMID: 26910375 PMCID: PMC4951256 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonresolving inflammation in the intestine predisposes individuals to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), which leads to high morbidity and mortality. Here we show that genistein-27 (GEN-27), a derivative of genistein, inhibited proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells through inhibiting β-catenin activity. Our results showed that GEN-27 increased expressions of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2), and reduced β-catenin nuclear localization, which resulted from the inhibition of NF-κB/p65 nuclear localization and up-regulation of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2). Furthermore, GEN-27 decreased binding of p65 to the silencer region of CDX2 and increased binding of CDX2 to the promoter regions of APC and AXIN2, thus inhibiting the activation of β-catenin induced by TNF-α. Importantly, GEN-27 protected mice from azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis, with reduced mortality, tumor number and tumor volume. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry revealed that dietary GEN-27 significantly decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and macrophage infiltration. Moreover, GEN-27 inhibited AOM/DSS-induced p65 and β-catenin nuclear translocation, while promoted the expression of CDX2, APC, and AXIN2. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the anti-proliferation effect of GEN-27 in vitro and the prevention of CAC in vivo is mediated by p65-CDX2-β-catenin axis via inhibiting β-catenin target genes. Our results imply that GEN-27 could be a promising candidate for the chemoprevention of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R.China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Lu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Aziz SA, Wakeling LA, Miwa S, Alberdi G, Hesketh JE, Ford D. Metabolic programming of a beige adipocyte phenotype by genistein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1600574. [PMID: 27670404 PMCID: PMC5299525 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Promoting the development of brown or beige adipose tissue may protect against obesity and related metabolic features, and potentially underlies protective effects of genistein in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS We observed that application of genistein to 3T3-L1 adipocytes changed the lipid distribution from large droplets to a multilocular distribution, reduced mRNAs indicative of white adipocytes (ACC, Fasn, Fabp4, HSL, chemerin, and resistin) and increased mRNAs that are a characteristic feature of brown/beige adipocytes (CD-137 and UCP1). Transcripts with a role in adipocyte differentiation (Cebpβ, Pgc1α, Sirt1) peaked at different times after application of genistein. These responses were not affected by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist fulvestrant, revealing that this action of genistein is not through the classical ER pathway. The Sirt1 inhibitor Ex-527 curtailed the genistein-mediated increase in UCP1 and Cebpβ mRNA, revealing a role for Sirt1 in mediating the effect. Baseline oxygen consumption and the proportional contribution of proton leak to maximal respiratory capacity was greater for cells exposed to genistein, demonstrating greater mitochondrial uncoupling. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that genistein acts directly on adipocytes or on adipocyte progenitor cells to programme the cells metabolically to adopt features of beige adipocytes. Thus, this natural dietary agent may protect against obesity and related metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadat A. Aziz
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Satomi Miwa
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Goiuri Alberdi
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity College DublinDublinUK
| | - John E. Hesketh
- Institute for Cell and Molecular BiosciencesNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Dianne Ford
- Faculty of Health and Life SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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34
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Liu Y, Zhou Q, Zhou D, Huang C, Meng X, Li J. Secreted frizzled-related protein 2-mediated cancer events: Friend or foe? Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:403-408. [PMID: 28273499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP)2, an identified member of the SFRPs family of molecules, is often methylated in human cancers and its down-regulation is closely related to Wnt signaling activity and tumor progression. Although the blocker of the Wnt signaling has not been fully used in clinical trial, interest has been further enhanced by the realization of SFRPs' potential as targets to modulate Wnt signaling and cancer cell growth. Emerging evidence showed that SFRP2 was an anti-oncogene, however, a steady flow of research has indicated that it may also have tumor promotion effects in some cancer types. Furthermore, SFRP2 methylation was shown to accelerate cancer cell invasion and growth in tumor progression. In this review, we define recent understanding of the diverse roles of SFRP2 in tumorigenesis, and it might promote the development of novel drugs for curing cancer by targeting SFRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei 230032, China.
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35
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Li W, Guo Y, Zhang C, Wu R, Yang AY, Gaspar J, Kong ANT. Dietary Phytochemicals and Cancer Chemoprevention: A Perspective on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Epigenetics. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2071-2095. [PMID: 27989132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress occurs when cellular reactive oxygen species levels exceed the self-antioxidant capacity of the body. Oxidative stress induces many pathological changes, including inflammation and cancer. Chronic inflammation is believed to be strongly associated with the major stages of carcinogenesis. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway plays a crucial role in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation by manipulating key antioxidant and detoxification enzyme genes via the antioxidant response element. Many dietary phytochemicals with cancer chemopreventive properties, such as polyphenols, isothiocyanates, and triterpenoids, exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions by activating the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional alterations, also lead to various carcinogenesis processes by suppressing cancer repressor gene transcription. Using epigenetic research tools, including next-generation sequencing technologies, many dietary phytochemicals are shown to modify and reverse aberrant epigenetic/epigenome changes, potentially leading to cancer prevention/treatment. Thus, the beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals on cancer development warrant further investigation to provide additional impetus for clinical translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenji Li
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yue Guo
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Renyi Wu
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Anne Yuqing Yang
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - John Gaspar
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, ‡Department of Pharmaceutics, §Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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36
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Ashktorab H, Shakoori A, Zarnogi S, Sun X, Varma S, Lee E, Shokrani B, Laiyemo AO, Washington K, Brim H. Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing Determination of Distinctive DNA Hypermethylated Genes in the Progression to Colon Cancer in African Americans. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016; 2016:2102674. [PMID: 27688749 PMCID: PMC5023837 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims. Many studies have focused on the determination of methylated targets in colorectal cancer. However, few analyzed the progressive methylation in the sequence from normal to adenoma and ultimately to malignant tumors. This is of utmost importance especially in populations such as African Americans who generally display aggressive tumors at diagnosis and for whom markers of early neoplasia are needed. We aimed to determine methylated targets in the path to colon cancer in African American patients using Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). Methods. Genomic DNA was isolated from fresh frozen tissues of patients with different colon lesions: normal, a tubular adenoma, a tubulovillous adenoma, and five cancers. RRBS was performed on these DNA samples to identify hypermethylation. Alignment, mapping, and confirmed CpG methylation analyses were performed. Preferential hypermethylated pathways were determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Results. We identified hypermethylated CpG sites in the following genes: L3MBTL1, NKX6-2, PREX1, TRAF7, PRDM14, and NEFM with the number of CpG sites being 14, 17, 10, 16, 6, and 6, respectively, after pairwise analysis of normal versus adenoma, adenoma versus cancer, and normal versus cancer. IPA mapped the above-mentioned hypermethylated genes to the Wnt/β-catenin, PI3k/AKT, VEGF, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways. Conclusion. This work provides insight into novel differential CpGs hypermethylation sites in colorectal carcinogenesis. Functional analysis of the novel gene targets is needed to confirm their roles in their associated carcinogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Afnan Shakoori
- Department of Genetics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
- Umm AL-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Zarnogi
- Department of Genetics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xueguang Sun
- DNA Sequencing and Genotyping Core, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Edward Lee
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Babak Shokrani
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adeyinka O. Laiyemo
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
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37
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Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Kong X, Yang L, Hu W, Lv C, Li Y. Methylation status of the promoter region of the human frizzled 9 gene in acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:1339-44. [PMID: 27314612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The FZD9 gene is located at chromosome 7q11.23, and has been indicated to be a tumor suppressor gene. The present study examined the involvement of FZD9 promoter methylation in the downregulation of FZD9 expression in leukemia cells. The expression of the FZD9 gene was absent in various leukemic cell lines, while it was restored following treatment with DNA demethylating agent 5‑aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine. Bisulfite sequencing analysis of the FZD9 promoter region showed that it was partially methylated in cell lines in which FZD9 gene was not expressed. Thus, DNA methylation in the promoter region may lead to inactivation of the FZD9 gene, which may represent and aberration associated with leukemia, since DNA was not methylated in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methylation‑specific polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the promoter region of the FZD9 gene was frequently methylated in primary or relapse acute myeloid leukemia (52.9%; excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia); however, methylation was infrequent in B‑cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (5.6%). In conclusion, the present study indicated that the methylation profile of the FZD9 gene corresponded to that of a candidate tumor‑suppressor gene in acute myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Kong
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wanzhen Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Chengfang Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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38
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Mercer KE, Pulliam C, Hennings L, Lai K, Cleves M, Jones E, Drake RR, Ronis M. Soy Protein Isolate Protects Against Ethanol-Mediated Tumor Progression in Diethylnitrosamine-Treated Male Mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2016; 9:466-75. [PMID: 27006377 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, diethylnitrosamine-treated male mice were assigned to three groups: (i) a 35% high fat ethanol liquid diet (EtOH) with casein as the protein source, (ii) the same EtOH liquid diet with soy protein isolate as the sole protein source (EtOH/SPI), (iii) and a chow group. EtOH feeding continued for 16 weeks. As expected, EtOH increased the incidence and multiplicity of basophilic lesions and adenomas compared with the chow group, P < 0.05. Soy protein replacement of casein in the EtOH diet significantly reduced adenoma progression when compared with the EtOH and EtOH/SPI group (P < 0.05). Tumor reduction in the EtOH/SPI group corresponded to reduced liver injury associated with decreased hepatic Tnfα and Cd14 antigen (Cd14) expression and decreased nuclear accumulation of NF-κB1 protein compared with the EtOH group (P < 0.05). Detection of sphingolipids using high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (MALDI-FTICR) imaging mass spectrometry revealed increased accumulation of long acyl chain ceramide species, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in the EtOH group that were significantly reduced in the EtOH/SPI group. Chronic EtOH feeding also increased mRNA expression of β-catenin transcriptional targets, including cyclin D1 (Ccnd1), matrix metallopeptidase 7 (Mmp7), and glutamine synthetase (Glns), which were reduced in the EtOH/SPI group (P < 0.05). We conclude that soy prevents tumorigenesis by reducing proinflammatory and oxidative environment resulting from EtOH-induced hepatic injury, and by reducing hepatocyte proliferation through inhibition of β-catenin signaling. These mechanisms may involve changes in sphingolipid signaling. Cancer Prev Res; 9(6); 466-75. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas. Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas.
| | - Casey Pulliam
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Leah Hennings
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Keith Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Mario Cleves
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Ellen Jones
- Medical University of South Carolina Proteomic Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Richard R Drake
- Medical University of South Carolina Proteomic Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Martin Ronis
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.
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39
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Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Kulathinal RJ, Blain SW, Holcombe RF, Mahajna J, Marino M, Martinez-Chantar ML, Nawroth R, Sanchez-Garcia I, Sharma D, Saxena NK, Singh N, Vlachostergios PJ, Guo S, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Bilsland A, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Keith WN, Nowsheen S. Sustained proliferation in cancer: Mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S25-S54. [PMID: 25892662 PMCID: PMC4898971 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation is an important part of cancer development and progression. This is manifest by altered expression and/or activity of cell cycle related proteins. Constitutive activation of many signal transduction pathways also stimulates cell growth. Early steps in tumor development are associated with a fibrogenic response and the development of a hypoxic environment which favors the survival and proliferation of cancer stem cells. Part of the survival strategy of cancer stem cells may manifested by alterations in cell metabolism. Once tumors appear, growth and metastasis may be supported by overproduction of appropriate hormones (in hormonally dependent cancers), by promoting angiogenesis, by undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, by triggering autophagy, and by taking cues from surrounding stromal cells. A number of natural compounds (e.g., curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, brassinin, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, genistein, ellagitannins, lycopene and quercetin) have been found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation (e.g., hypoxia inducible factor 1, nuclear factor kappa B, phosphoinositide 3 kinase/Akt, insulin-like growth factor receptor 1, Wnt, cell cycle associated proteins, as well as androgen and estrogen receptor signaling). These data, in combination with bioinformatics analyses, will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Feitelson
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - Alla Arzumanyan
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stacy W Blain
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Randall F Holcombe
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jamal Mahajna
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Cancer Drug Discovery Program, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, V.le G. Marconi, 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria L Martinez-Chantar
- Metabolomic Unit, CIC bioGUNE, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Technology Park of Bizkaia, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Isidro Sanchez-Garcia
- Experimental Therapeutics and Translational Oncology Program, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC/Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dipali Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neeraj K Saxena
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Neetu Singh
- Tissue and Cell Culture Unit, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Shanchun Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Maria Rosa Ciriolo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7YG, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Karmonas Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dorota Halicka
- Brander Cancer Research Institute, Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN, United States
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40
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Khan SA, Reddy D, Gupta S. Global histone post-translational modifications and cancer: Biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment? World J Biol Chem 2015; 6:333-345. [PMID: 26629316 PMCID: PMC4657128 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v6.i4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Global alterations in epigenetic landscape are now recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning and non-coding RNAs are proven to have strong association with cancer. In particular, covalent post-translational modifications of histone proteins are known to play an important role in chromatin remodeling and thereby in regulation of gene expression. Further, histone modifications have also been associated with different aspects of carcinogenesis and have been studied for their role in the better management of cancer patients. In this review, we will explore and discuss how histone modifications are involved in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
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41
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Hariri M, Salehi R, Feizi A, Mirlohi M, Ghiasvand R, Habibi N. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial on probiotic soy milk and soy milk: effects on epigenetics and oxidative stress in patients with type II diabetes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:52. [PMID: 26577825 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This clinical trial aimed to discover the effects of probiotic soy milk and soy milk on MLH1 and MSH2 promoter methylation, and oxidative stress among type II diabetic patients. Forty patients with type II diabetes mellitus aged 35-68 years were assigned to two groups in this randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Patients in the intervention group consumed 200 ml/day of probiotic soy milk containing Lactobacillus plantarum A7, while those in the control group consumed 200 ml/d of conventional soy milk for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the study, respectively. Probiotic soy milk significantly decreased promoter methylation in proximal and distal MLH1 promoter region (P < 0.01 and P < 0.0001, respectively) compared with the baseline values, while plasma concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreased significantly compared with soy milk (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in probiotic soy milk group compared with baseline value (P < 0.01). There were no significant changes from baseline in the promoter methylation of MSH2 within either group (P > 0.05). The consumption of probiotic soy milk improved antioxidant status in type II diabetic patients and may decrease promoter methylation among these patients, indicating that probiotic soy milk is a promising agent for diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Hariri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatrics Inherited Diseases Research Center, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirlohi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Nahal Habibi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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42
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Busch C, Burkard M, Leischner C, Lauer UM, Frank J, Venturelli S. Epigenetic activities of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:64. [PMID: 26161152 PMCID: PMC4497414 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are described in an increasing number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and cancer. The general reversibility of epigenetic changes makes them an attractive and promising target e.g. in the treatment of cancer. Thus, a growing number of epigenetically active compounds are currently tested in clinical trials for their therapeutic potential. Interestingly, many phytochemicals present in plant foods, particularly flavonoids, are suggested to be able to alter epigenetic cellular mechanisms. Flavonoids are natural phenol compounds that form a large group of secondary plant metabolites with interesting biological activities. They can be categorized into six major subclasses, which display diverse properties affecting the two best characterized epigenetic mechanisms: modulation of the DNA methylation status and histone acetylation. High dietary flavonoid intake has strongly been suggested to reduce the risk of numerous cancer entities in a large body of epidemiological studies. Established health-promoting effects of diets rich in fruit and vegetables are faced by efforts to use purified flavonoids as supplements or pharmaceuticals, whereupon data on the latter applications remain controversial. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of current research on flavonoids to further elucidate their potential in cancer prevention and therapy, thereby focusing on their distinct epigenetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Busch
- Division of Dermatologic Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Division of Dermatologic Oncology, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical University Hospital, Tuebingen, Germany ; Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Leischner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Lauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jan Frank
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Hospital, Otfried-Mueller-Str. 27, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Dillenburg CS, Martins MAT, Almeida LO, Meurer L, Squarize CH, Martins MD, Castilho RM. Epigenetic Modifications and Accumulation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks in Oral Lichen Planus Lesions Presenting Poor Response to Therapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e997. [PMID: 26222871 PMCID: PMC4554108 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to changes in cell characteristics that occur independently of modifications to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence. Alterations mediated by epigenetic mechanisms are important factors in cancer progression. Although an exciting prospect, the identification of early epigenetic markers associated with clinical outcome in premalignant and malignant disorders remains elusive. We examined alterations in chromatin acetylation in oral lichen planus (OLP) with distinct clinical behavior and compared the alterations to the levels of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). We analyzed 42 OLP patients, who had different responses to therapy, for acetyl-histone H3 at lys9 (H3K9ac), which is associated with enhanced transcription and nuclear decondensation, and the presence of DSBs, as determined by accumulation of phosphorylated γH2AX foci. Patients with high levels of H3K9ac acetylation failed to respond to therapy or experienced disease recurrence shortly after therapy. Similar to H3K9ac, patients who responded poorly to therapy had increased accumulation of DNA DSB, indicating genomic instability. These findings suggest that histone modifications occur in OLP, and H3K9ac and γH2AX histones may serve as epigenetic markers for OLP recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Dillenburg
- From the Department of Oral Pathology (CSD, MDM), School of Dentistry; Department of Oral Medicine (MATM), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/UFRGS); Department of Pathology (LM), School of Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/UFRGS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; and Laboratory of Epithelial Biology (CSD, MATM, LOA, CHS, MDM, RMC), Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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44
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Goossens-Beumer IJ, Benard A, van Hoesel AQ, Zeestraten ECM, Putter H, Böhringer S, Liefers GJ, Morreau H, van de Velde CJH, Kuppen PJK. Age-dependent clinical prognostic value of histone modifications in colorectal cancer. Transl Res 2015; 165:578-88. [PMID: 25488396 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the prime risk factors for the development of cancer. Expression patterns of epigenetic regulators, including histone modification levels, are altered during aging of normal cells, a phenomenon referred to as epigenetic drift. Furthermore, it is known that epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the development of cancer. We hypothesized that expression of histone modifications, acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9Ac) and trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), with reported normal age-related expression patterns might show an age-dependent prognostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). To quantify expression, we performed immunohistochemical staining of these histone modifications on a tissue microarray containing colorectal tissues of the 254 patients with TNM stage I-III CRC. Stratification of patients according to survival status revealed age-related tumor expression patterns of both H3K9Ac and H3K27me3. Decreased expression with advancing age was observed in patients who were alive after follow-up (no-event group), whereas increased expression with advancing age was observed in patients who presented with a recurrence or death in follow-up (event group). These opposite expression patterns translated into an age-dependent prognostic value in CRC for the individual histone modifications and their combination. The prognostic value reverses with advancing age, high nuclear expression associated with good clinical outcome in young adults, and, in contrast, with worse clinical outcome in elderly patients. In conclusion, for the first time, we demonstrated prognostic impact of epigenetic biomarkers that reverses with advancing age. This new insight supports the hypothesis that CRC biology is different in young vs elderly patients and emphasizes the importance of focusing on age-related effects in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Benard
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke Q van Hoesel
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hein Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Böhringer
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit-Jan Liefers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Morreau
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J K Kuppen
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Yang X, Belosay A, Hartman JA, Song H, Zhang Y, Wang W, Doerge DR, Helferich WG. Dietary soy isoflavones increase metastasis to lungs in an experimental model of breast cancer with bone micro-tumors. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:323-33. [PMID: 25749878 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone is one of the most common sites for metastasis in breast cancer (BC). Micro-metastasis in bone marrow was detected in 30% of patients with stage I, II, or III BC at primary surgery and is a strong indicator of poor prognosis. The role dietary soy isoflavones play in BC with bone micro-metastasis is unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of genistein, daidzein, (-)-equol or a mixture of soy isoflavones on BC with bone micro-metastasis using an experimental model of murine mammary cancer 4T1 cells engineered with luciferase. A small number (1000) of 4T1 cells were injected into the tibia of female Balb/c mice to establish micro-tumors in bone. Soy isoflavones were supplemented in the AIN-93G diet at 750 mg/kg and were provided to mice from 3 weeks before to 3 weeks after cell injection. Bioluminescent imaging was conducted on day 2 (D2), D6, D8, D16 and D20 post cell injection and the results indicated dietary soy isoflavones enhanced the growth of bone micro-tumors on D8. Furthermore, dietary soy isoflavones stimulated metastatic tumor formation in lungs and increased Ki-67 protein expression in these metastasized tumors. In vitro, soy isoflavones (<10 µM) had limited effects on the growth, motility or invasion of 4T1 cells. Thus, the in vivo stimulatory effect could be likely due to systemic effects between the host, 4T1 tumors and soy isoflavones. In conclusion, soy isoflavones stimulate BC with bone micro-metastasis in mice and further investigations are needed regarding their consumption by BC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 580 Bevier Hall, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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47
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Comhaire FH, Depypere HT. Hormones, herbal preparations and nutriceuticals for a better life after the menopause: part II. Climacteric 2015; 18:364-71. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2014.985646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Pudenz M, Roth K, Gerhauser C. Impact of soy isoflavones on the epigenome in cancer prevention. Nutrients 2014; 6:4218-72. [PMID: 25322458 PMCID: PMC4210915 DOI: 10.3390/nu6104218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavones (IF) such as genistein are cancer preventive phytochemicals found in soy and other legumes. Epidemiological studies point to a reduced risk for hormone‑dependent cancers in populations following a typical Asian diet rich in soy products. IF act as phytoestrogens and prevent tumorigenesis in rodent models by a broad spectrum of bioactivities. During the past 10 years, IF were shown to target all major epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression, including DNA methylation, histone modifications controlling chromatin accessibility, and non-coding RNAs. These effects have been suggested to contribute to cancer preventive potential in in vitro and in vivo studies, affecting several key processes such as DNA repair, cell signaling cascades including Wnt-signaling, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis formation and development of drug-resistance. We here summarize the state-of-the-art of IF affecting the epigenome in major hormone-dependent, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tumor types and in in vivo studies on anti-cancer treatment or developmental aspects, and short-term intervention studies in adults. These data, while often requiring replication, suggest that epigenetic gene regulation represents an important novel target of IF and should be taken into consideration when evaluating the cancer preventive potential of IF in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pudenz
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kevin Roth
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Clarissa Gerhauser
- Division Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major cancers in the world and second death-causing cancer in the US. CRC development involves genetic and epigenetic alterations. Changes in DNA methylation status are believed to be involved at different stages of CRC. Promoter silencing via DNA methylation and hypomethylation of oncogenes alter genes' expression, and can be used as a tool for the early detection of colonic lesions. DNA methylation use as diagnostic and prognostic marker has been described for many cancers including CRC. CpG Islands Methylator Phenotype (CIMP) is one of the underlying CRC mechanisms. This review aims to define methylation signatures in CRC. The analysis of DNA methylation profile in combination with the pathological diagnosis would be useful in predicting CRC tumors' evolution and their prognostic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, Howard University, College of Medicine; Washington DC
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University, College of Medicine; Washington DC
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50
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Vaiopoulos AG, Athanasoula KC, Papavassiliou AG. Epigenetic modifications in colorectal cancer: Molecular insights and therapeutic challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:971-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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