1
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Sasovsky DJ, Angelina E, Leiva LC, Bal de Kier Joffé E, Lomonte B, Bustillo S. Comparative in vitro and in silico analysis of the ability of basic Asp49 phospholipase A 2 and Lys49-phospholipase A 2-like myotoxins from Bothrops diporus venom to inhibit the metastatic potential of murine mammary tumor cells and endothelial cell tubulogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 402:111217. [PMID: 39197813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Snake venoms are a complex mixture of proteins and polypeptides that represent a valuable source of potential molecular tools for understanding physiological processes for the development of new drugs. In this study two major PLA2s, named PLA2-I (Asp49) and PLA2-II (Lys49), isolated from the venom of Bothrops diporus from Northeastern Argentina, have shown cytotoxic effects on LM3 murine mammary tumor cells, with PLA2-II-like exhibiting a stronger effect compared to PLA2-I. At sub-cytotoxic levels, both PLA2s inhibited adhesion, migration, and invasion of these adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, these toxins hindered tubulogenesis in endothelial cells, implicating a potential role in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. All these inhibitory effects were more pronounced for the catalytically-inactive toxin. Additionally, in silico studies strongly suggest that this PLA2-II-like myotoxin could effectively block fibronectin binding to the integrin receptor, offering a dual advantage over PLA2-I in interacting with the αVβ3 integrin. In conclusion, this study reports for the first time, integrating both in vitro and in silico approaches, a comparative analysis of the antimetastatic and antiangiogenic potential effects of two isoforms, an Asp49 PLA2-I and a Lys49 PLA2-II-like, both isolated from Bothrops diporus venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela J Sasovsky
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas y Moleculares (GIByM) IQUIBA-NEA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Argentina
| | - Emilio Angelina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina; IQUIBA-NEA-CONICET, Argentina
| | - Laura C Leiva
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas y Moleculares (GIByM) IQUIBA-NEA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Argentina
| | - Elisa Bal de Kier Joffé
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Angel H Roffo, Área Investigación. Argentina
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biológicas y Moleculares (GIByM) IQUIBA-NEA-CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Argentina.
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2
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Tang M, Zhang Z, Wang P, Zhao F, Miao L, Wang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Gao Z. Advancements in precision nanomedicine design targeting the anoikis-platelet interface of circulating tumor cells. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:3457-3475. [PMID: 39220884 PMCID: PMC11365446 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis, the apex of cancer progression, poses a formidable challenge in therapeutic endeavors. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), resilient entities originating from primary tumors or their metastases, significantly contribute to this process by demonstrating remarkable adaptability. They survive shear stress, resist anoikis, evade immune surveillance, and thwart chemotherapy. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate landscape of CTC formation, metastatic mechanisms, and the myriad factors influencing their behavior. Integral signaling pathways, such as integrin-related signaling, cellular autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and interactions with platelets, are examined in detail. Furthermore, we explore the realm of precision nanomedicine design, with a specific emphasis on the anoikis‒platelet interface. This innovative approach strategically targets CTC survival mechanisms, offering promising avenues for combatting metastatic cancer with unprecedented precision and efficacy. The review underscores the indispensable role of the rational design of platelet-based nanomedicine in the pursuit of restraining CTC-driven metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqing Tang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yingpeng Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhonggao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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3
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Loaiza-Moss J, Braun U, Leitges M. Transcriptome Profiling of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast Spontaneous Immortalization: A Comparative Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8116. [PMID: 39125691 PMCID: PMC11311763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell immortalization, a hallmark of cancer development, is a process that cells can undergo on their path to carcinogenesis. Spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been used for decades; however, changes in the global transcriptome during this process have been poorly described. In our research, we characterized the poly-A RNA transcriptome changes after spontaneous immortalization. To this end, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using DESeq2 and characterized by gene ontology enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis to identify the potential hub genes. In our study, we identified changes in the expression of genes involved in proliferation regulation, cell adhesion, immune response and transcriptional regulation in immortalized MEFs. In addition, we performed a comparative analysis with previously reported MEF immortalization data, where we propose a predicted gene regulatory network model in immortalized MEFs based on the altered expression of Mapk11, Cdh1, Chl1, Zic1, Hoxd10 and the novel hub genes Il6 and Itgb2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Leitges
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. Johns, NL A1B 3V6, Canada; (J.L.-M.); (U.B.)
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4
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Wu Q, Berglund AE, Macaulay RJ, Etame AB. The Role of Mesenchymal Reprogramming in Malignant Clonal Evolution and Intra-Tumoral Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cells 2024; 13:942. [PMID: 38891074 PMCID: PMC11171993 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common yet uniformly fatal adult brain cancer. Intra-tumoral molecular and cellular heterogeneities are major contributory factors to therapeutic refractoriness and futility in GBM. Molecular heterogeneity is represented through molecular subtype clusters whereby the proneural (PN) subtype is associated with significantly increased long-term survival compared to the highly resistant mesenchymal (MES) subtype. Furthermore, it is universally recognized that a small subset of GBM cells known as GBM stem cells (GSCs) serve as reservoirs for tumor recurrence and progression. The clonal evolution of GSC molecular subtypes in response to therapy drives intra-tumoral heterogeneity and remains a critical determinant of GBM outcomes. In particular, the intra-tumoral MES reprogramming of GSCs using current GBM therapies has emerged as a leading hypothesis for therapeutic refractoriness. Preventing the intra-tumoral divergent evolution of GBM toward the MES subtype via new treatments would dramatically improve long-term survival for GBM patients and have a significant impact on GBM outcomes. In this review, we examine the challenges of the role of MES reprogramming in the malignant clonal evolution of glioblastoma and provide future perspectives for addressing the unmet therapeutic need to overcome resistance in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anders E. Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Robert J. Macaulay
- Departments of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Arnold B. Etame
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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5
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Giudice L, Mohamed A, Malm T. StellarPath: Hierarchical-vertical multi-omics classifier synergizes stable markers and interpretable similarity networks for patient profiling. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1012022. [PMID: 38607982 PMCID: PMC11042724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Patient Similarity Network paradigm implies modeling the similarity between patients based on specific data. The similarity can summarize patients' relationships from high-dimensional data, such as biological omics. The end PSN can undergo un/supervised learning tasks while being strongly interpretable, tailored for precision medicine, and ready to be analyzed with graph-theory methods. However, these benefits are not guaranteed and depend on the granularity of the summarized data, the clarity of the similarity measure, the complexity of the network's topology, and the implemented methods for analysis. To date, no patient classifier fully leverages the paradigm's inherent benefits. PSNs remain complex, unexploited, and meaningless. We present StellarPath, a hierarchical-vertical patient classifier that leverages pathway analysis and patient similarity concepts to find meaningful features for both classes and individuals. StellarPath processes omics data, hierarchically integrates them into pathways, and uses a novel similarity to measure how patients' pathway activity is alike. It selects biologically relevant molecules, pathways, and networks, considering molecule stability and topology. A graph convolutional neural network then predicts unknown patients based on known cases. StellarPath excels in classification performances and computational resources across sixteen datasets. It demonstrates proficiency in inferring the class of new patients described in external independent studies, following its initial training and testing phases on a local dataset. It advances the PSN paradigm and provides new markers, insights, and tools for in-depth patient profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giudice
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ahmed Mohamed
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Malm
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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7
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Sarkar S, Deyoung T, Ressler H, Chandler W. Brain Tumors: Development, Drug Resistance, and Sensitization - An Epigenetic Approach. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2237761. [PMID: 37499114 PMCID: PMC10376921 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe contrasting developmental aspects of paediatric and adult brain tumours. We hypothesize that the formation of cancer progenitor cells, for both paediatric and adult, could be due to epigenetic events. However, the progression of adult brain tumours selectively involves more mutations compared to paediatric tumours. We further discuss epigenetic switches, comprising both histone modifications and DNA methylation, and how they can differentially regulate transcription and expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Next, we summarize the currently available therapies for both types of brain tumours, explaining the merits and failures leading to drug resistance. We analyse different mechanisms of drug resistance and the role of epigenetics in this process. We then provide a rationale for combination therapy, which includes epigenetic drugs. In the end, we postulate a concept which describes how a combination therapy could be initiated. The timing, doses, and order of individual drug regimens will depend on the individual case. This type of combination therapy will be part of a personalized medicine which will differ from patient to patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji Sarkar
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, RC College Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara Deyoung
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
| | - Hope Ressler
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
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8
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Brisset M, Mehlen P, Meurette O, Hollande F. Notch receptor/ligand diversity: contribution to colorectal cancer stem cell heterogeneity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231416. [PMID: 37860822 PMCID: PMC10582728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a key contributor to therapeutic failure and post-treatment recurrence. Targeting cell subpopulations responsible for chemoresistance and recurrence seems to be an attractive approach to improve treatment outcome in cancer patients. However, this remains challenging due to the complexity and incomplete characterization of tumor cell subpopulations. The heterogeneity of cells exhibiting stemness-related features, such as self-renewal and chemoresistance, fuels this complexity. Notch signaling is a known regulator of cancer stem cell (CSC) features in colorectal cancer (CRC), though the effects of its heterogenous signaling on CRC cell stemness are only just emerging. In this review, we discuss how Notch ligand-receptor specificity contributes to regulating stemness, self-renewal, chemoresistance and cancer stem cells heterogeneity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Brisset
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Meurette
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Hollande
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Khademi R, Malekzadeh H, Bahrami S, Saki N, Khademi R, Villa-Diaz LG. Regulation and Functions of α6-Integrin (CD49f) in Cancer Biology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3466. [PMID: 37444576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, our knowledge of integrins has evolved from being understood as simple cell surface adhesion molecules to receptors that have a complex range of intracellular and extracellular functions, such as delivering chemical and mechanical signals to cells. Consequently, they actively control cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of integrin signaling is a major factor in the development and progression of many tumors. Many reviews have covered the broader integrin family in molecular and cellular studies and its roles in diseases. Nevertheless, further understanding of the mechanisms specific to an individual subunit of different heterodimers is more useful. Thus, we describe the current understanding of and exploratory investigations on the α6-integrin subunit (CD49f, VLA6; encoded by the gene itga6) in normal and cancer cells. The roles of ITGA6 in cell adhesion, stemness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, and as a diagnosis biomarker, are discussed. The role of ITGA6 differs based on several features, such as cell background, cancer type, and post-transcriptional alterations. In addition, exosomal ITGA6 also implies metastatic organotropism. The importance of ITGA6 in the progression of a number of cancers, including hematological malignancies, suggests its potential usage as a novel prognostic or diagnostic marker and useful therapeutic target for better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Khademi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno_TACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
| | - Hossein Malekzadeh
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Sara Bahrami
- Resident of Restorative Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 3419759811, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Reyhane Khademi
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno_TACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran 1419733151, Iran
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
| | - Luis G Villa-Diaz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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10
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Liu W, Huang X, Luo W, Liu X, Chen W. The Role of Paxillin Aberrant Expression in Cancer and Its Potential as a Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098245. [PMID: 37175948 PMCID: PMC10179295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is a multi-domain adaptor protein. As an important member of focal adhesion (FA) and a participant in regulating cell movement, paxillin plays an important role in physiological processes such as nervous system development, embryonic development, and vascular development. However, increasing evidence suggests that paxillin is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. Many scholars have also recognized that the abnormal expression of paxillin is related to the prognosis, metastases, invasion, survival, angiogenesis, and other aspects of malignant tumors, suggesting that paxillin may be a potential cancer therapeutic target. Therefore, the study of how aberrant paxillin expression affects the process of tumorigenesis and metastasis will help to develop more efficacious antitumor drugs. Herein, we review the structure of paxillin and its function and expression in tumors, paying special attention to the multifaceted effects of paxillin on tumors, the mechanism of tumorigenesis and progression, and its potential role in tumor therapy. We also hope to provide a reference for the clinical prognosis and development of new tumor therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinxian Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weizhao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Weichun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Institute of Aging Research, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
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11
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Pei H, Han Z, Wang Y, Xu C, Li Y, Fan Y, Li L, Tang B. Retraction of "Label-Free Isolation of Low-Adhesion Cells with Stem Properties for Cancer Stem Cell-Specific Drug Evaluation". Anal Chem 2023; 95:6191. [PMID: 36122350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Periplocin Overcomes Bortezomib Resistance by Suppressing the Growth and Down-Regulation of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051526. [PMID: 36900317 PMCID: PMC10001131 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignant disorder of bone marrow. Patients with MM receive multiple lines of chemotherapeutic treatments which often develop bortezomib (BTZ) resistance and relapse. Therefore, it is crucial to identify an anti-MM agent to overcome the BTZ resistance of MM. In this study, we screened a library of 2370 compounds against MM wild-type (ARP1) and BTZ-resistant type (ARP1-BR) cell lines and found that periplocin (PP) was the most significant anti-MM natural compound. We further investigated the anti-MM effect of PP by using annexin V assay, clonogenic assays, aldefluor assay, and transwell assay. Furthermore, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to predict the molecular effects of PP in MM followed by verification through qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Moreover, ARP1 and ARP1-BR xenograft mice models of MM were established to confirm the anti-MM effects of PP invivo. The results showed that PP significantly induced apoptosis, inhibited proliferation, suppressed stemness, and reduced the cell migration of MM. The expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) was suppressed upon PP treatment in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our data recommend PP as an anti-MM natural compound with the potential to overcome BTZ resistance and downregulate CAMs in MM.
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13
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RAGE Inhibitors for Targeted Therapy of Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010266. [PMID: 36613714 PMCID: PMC9820344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a member of the immunoglobulin family that is overexpressed in several cancers. RAGE is highly expressed in the lung, and its expression increases proportionally at the site of inflammation. This receptor can bind a variety of ligands, including advanced glycation end products, high mobility group box 1, S100 proteins, adhesion molecules, complement components, advanced lipoxidation end products, lipopolysaccharides, and other molecules that mediate cellular responses related to acute and chronic inflammation. RAGE serves as an important node for the initiation and stimulation of cell stress and growth signaling mechanisms that promote carcinogenesis, tumor propagation, and metastatic potential. In this review, we discuss different aspects of RAGE and its prominent ligands implicated in cancer pathogenesis and describe current findings that provide insights into the significant role played by RAGE in cancer. Cancer development can be hindered by inhibiting the interaction of RAGE with its ligands, and this could provide an effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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14
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Khan NG, Eswaran S, Adiga D, Sriharikrishnaa S, Chakrabarty S, Rai PS, Kabekkodu SP. Integrated bioinformatic analysis to understand the association between phthalate exposure and breast cancer progression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 457:116296. [PMID: 36328110 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates have been extensively used as plasticizers while manufacturing plastic-based consumer products. Estradiol mimicking properties and association studies suggest phthalates may contribute to breast cancer (BC). We performed an in-silico analysis and functional studies to understand the association between phthalate exposure and BC progression. Search for phthalate-responsive genes using the comparative toxicogenomics database identified 20 genes as commonly altered in response to multiple phthalates exposure. Of the 20 genes, 12 were significantly differentially expressed between normal and BC samples. In BC samples, 9 out of 20 genes showed a negative correlation between promoter methylation and its expression. AHR, BAX, BCL2, CAT, ESR2, IL6, and PTGS2 expression differed significantly between metastatic and non-metastatic BC samples. Gene set enrichment analysis identified metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters, insulin signaling, and type II diabetes as highly enriched pathways. The diagnostic assessment based on 20 genes expression suggested a sensitivity and a specificity >0.91. The aberrantly expressed phthalate interactive gene influenced the overall survival of BC patients. Drug-gene interaction analysis identified 14 genes and 523 candidate drugs, including 19 BC treatment-approved drugs. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthlate (DEHP) exposure increased the growth, proliferation, and migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in-vitro. DEHP exposure induced morphological changes, actin cytoskeletal remodeling, increased ROS content, reduced basal level lipid peroxidation, and induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present approach can help to explore the potentially damaging effects of environmental agents on cancer risk and understand the underlined pathways and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem G Khan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangavi Eswaran
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Divya Adiga
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sriharikrishnaa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre for DNA repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Centre for DNA repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
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15
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Li Y, Rahman T, Ma T, Tang L, Tseng GC. A sparse negative binomial mixture model for clustering RNA-seq count data. Biostatistics 2022; 24:68-84. [PMID: 34363675 PMCID: PMC9766880 DOI: 10.1093/biostatistics/kxab025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clustering with variable selection is a challenging yet critical task for modern small-n-large-p data. Existing methods based on sparse Gaussian mixture models or sparse $K$-means provide solutions to continuous data. With the prevalence of RNA-seq technology and lack of count data modeling for clustering, the current practice is to normalize count expression data into continuous measures and apply existing models with a Gaussian assumption. In this article, we develop a negative binomial mixture model with lasso or fused lasso gene regularization to cluster samples (small $n$) with high-dimensional gene features (large $p$). A modified EM algorithm and Bayesian information criterion are used for inference and determining tuning parameters. The method is compared with existing methods using extensive simulations and two real transcriptomic applications in rat brain and breast cancer studies. The result shows the superior performance of the proposed count data model in clustering accuracy, feature selection, and biological interpretation in pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tanbin Rahman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Tianzhou Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of
Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - George C Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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16
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Yin J, Wen Y, Zeng J, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Han T, Li X, Huang H, Cai Y, Jin Y, Li Y, Guo W, Pan L. CDC50A might be a novel biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer-initiating cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:903. [PMID: 35982417 PMCID: PMC9389740 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09953-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this work was to screen and validate biomarkers of ovarian cancer-initiating cells to detect the mechanisms of recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods Stably labelled the amino acid in side population (SP) cells of epithelial ovarian cancer which were rich in cancer-initiating cells and non-SP cells with isotope in culture and differentially expressed cellular membrane proteins in SP cells were identified through proteomics technology. The new candidate biomarker was screened and validated through RT-PCR and western blot. Both in cell lines and primary EOC, cancer-initiating biofunctions of CDC50A positive cells were validated. Moreover, the characteristics of mesenchymal transition (EMT) was also detected and the correlation between the biomarker and clinical prognosis was observed. Results Through proteomics technology, candidate protein CDC50A was screened, and its significantly differential expression in SP cells was validated. CDC50A-positive cells from cell lines and primary ovarian cancer tissues were validated to show characteristics of cancer-initiating cells both in vitro and in vivo, including sphere-forming, self-renewal, differentiation, tumor metastasis and tumorigenicity in mice. The relationship between CDC50A-positive cells from primary tissues and tumour metastasis was confirmed based on their mesenchymal transition characteristics. Among 16 high-grade ovarian serous cancer patients, a high ratio of CDC50A-positive cells in primary tumours was correlated with a shorter platinum-free interval (p = 0.031, HR 0.260, 95% CI 0.77 ~ 0.885). Conclusion CDC50A could be used to screen ovarian cancer-initiating cells and might be a new target to resolve tumour development in EOC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09953-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingya Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Shuai Fu Yuan, Dongcheng district, Beijing, 100730, China.
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17
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A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction and Immune Infiltration in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231598. [PMID: 35866375 PMCID: PMC9434561 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is associated with cancer initiation and progression. However, the molecular mechanism and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are poorly understood. Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, methylation data, and clinical information of patients with LUSC were downloaded from TCGA and GEO database. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, and their prognostic value was systemically investigated by bioinformatic analyses. Results: A ferroptosis-related gene signature (ALOX5, TFRC, PHKG2, FADS2, NOX1) was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis and represented as a risk score. Overall survival (OS) probability was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P<0.001), and receiver operating characteristic curve showed a good predictive capacity (AUC = 0.739). The risk score was an independent prognostic factor for LUSC. A nomogram was constructed to predict the OS probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years. High-risk score was associated with increased immune infiltration, lower methylation levels, higher immune checkpoint genes expression levels, and better chemotherapy response. Cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix receptor interaction were the main pathways in the high-risk group. The signature was validated using the TCGA test cohort, entire TCGA cohort, GSE30219, GSE157010, GSE73403, and GSE4573 datasets. The gene disorders in patients with LUSC were validated using real-time PCR and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Conclusions: A ferroptosis-related gene signature was constructed to predict OS probability in LUSC. This could facilitate novel therapeutic methods and guide individualized therapy.
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18
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Mutant p53, the Mevalonate Pathway and the Tumor Microenvironment Regulate Tumor Response to Statin Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143500. [PMID: 35884561 PMCID: PMC9323637 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have the ability to co-opt multiple metabolic pathways, enhance glucose uptake and utilize aerobic glycolysis to promote tumorigenesis, which are characteristics constituting an emerging hallmark of cancer. Mutated tumor suppressor and proto-oncogenes are frequently responsible for enhanced metabolic pathway signaling. The link between mutant p53 and the mevalonate (MVA) pathway has been implicated in the advancement of various malignancies, with tumor cells relying heavily on increased MVA signaling to fuel their rapid growth, metastatic spread and development of therapy resistance. Statin drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the pathway’s rate-limiting enzyme, and as such, have long been studied as a potential anti-cancer therapy. However, whether statins provide additional anti-cancer properties is worthy of debate. Here, we examine retrospective, prospective and pre-clinical studies involving the use of statins in various cancer types, as well as potential issues with statins’ lack of efficacy observed in clinical trials and future considerations for upcoming clinical trials.
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19
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Nkandeu DS, Basson C, Joubert AM, Serem JC, Bipath P, Nyakudya T, Hlophe Y. The involvement of a chemokine receptor antagonist CTCE-9908 and kynurenine metabolites in cancer development. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:608-622. [PMID: 35789495 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in South Africa with nearly 20,000 reported cases every year and 700 deaths. If diagnosed early, the 5-year survival rate is about 90%, however, when diagnosed late, the 5-year survival rate decreases to about 20%. Melanoma is a type of skin cancer with an estimated 5-year survival rate of approximately 90%. Neuroblastoma is a paediatric cancer with a low survival rate. Sixty percent of patients with metastatic disease do not survive 5 years after diagnosis. Despite recent advances in targeted therapies, there is a crucial need to identify reliable prognostic biomarkers which will be able to contribute to the development of more precision-based chemotherapeutic strategies to prevent tumour migration and metastasis. The compound, CTCE-9908 inhibits the binding of CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) to the CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) receptor leading to reduced metastasis. Kynurenine metabolites are derived tryptophan, which is an essential amino acid. Kynurenine metabolites inhibit T-cell proliferation resulting in cell growth arrest. For this reason, chemokines receptors represent potential targets for the treatment of cancer growth and metastasis. In this review paper, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 signalling pathway in the development of cancer is highlighted together with the current available treatments involving the CTCE-9908 compound in combination with microtubule inhibitors like paclitaxel and docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Sandra Nkandeu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlize Basson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Anna Margaretha Joubert
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - June Cheptoo Serem
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Priyesh Bipath
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Trevor Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Hlophe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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20
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Liposomal β-Sitosterol Suppresses Metastasis of CT26/luc Colon Carcinoma via Inhibition of MMP-9 and Evoke of Immune System. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061214. [PMID: 35745788 PMCID: PMC9231002 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
β-sitosterol (SITO) has been reported with anticancer effects; however, with poor bioavailability. The current study aimed to investigate whether liposomal encapsulated β-sitosterol (LS) has a better inhibition effect on tumor metastasis than β-sitosterol in a CT26/luc lung metastasis mouse model and the possible underlying mechanism. LS was liposomal-encapsulated SITO and was delivered to mice by oral gavage. The cell viability was determined by the MTT assay, and invasiveness of the tumor cells and related protein expression were evaluated with the invasion assay and Western blotting. For therapeutic efficacy evaluation, male BALB/c mice were treated with PBS, SITO, and LS once a day for 7 days prior to intravenous injections of CT26/luc cells; treatments were continued twice a week post-cell inoculation throughout the entire experiment. Tumor growth inhibition was monitored by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ in the intestinal epithelium were determined by ELISA. The results show that LS treatment had a better invasion inhibition with lower cytotoxicity than SITO when the same dose was utilized. Notably, mice treated with LS significantly exhibited fewer metastases to the lungs and other tissues/organs compared with the Control and SITO groups. Additionally, the IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased in the LS-treated mice compared with the Control and SITO groups. The underlying mechanism may be through the inhibition of MMP-9 and elicitation of the antitumoral Th1 immune response, such as increasing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, IL-12, IL-18, and IFN-γ.
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21
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Ismail MS, Mousa AMAG, Darwish MF, Salem MM, Said R. Expression of β-Catenin in Thyroid Neoplasms (Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study). Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system accounting for more than 90% of all endocrine cancer and 63% of all endocrine cancer deaths. β-catenin is a multifunctional protein that plays a key role in Wnt (wingless type) pathway and influences the expression of different genes and their proliferation, thus making it a potential therapeutic target.
Aim of Work: This work aimed to examine immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin in different cases of thyroid neoplasms and to correlate between β-catenin expression and clinicopathological features of these thyroid neoplasms.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on sixty cases of archived, formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks that included different histologic types of thyroid neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry using β-catenin monoclonal antibody was performed using a standard avidin-biotin-peroxidase system. β-catenin expression was quantified both at membranous and cytoplasmic level. Immunostaining scores were based on the staining intensity (I) and the percentage of positive cells (P). β-catenin final score (H score) resulted by summation of I and P (ranging from 0 to 7). Cases with H score between 1–3 were considered with low score and cases with H score between 4–7 were considered with high score.
Results: Of the malignant thyroid neoplasms in the studied cases, 81% showed positive β-catenin expression with the majority (86%) of the benign thyroid cases showing positive expression. Both membranous and cytoplasmic staining were both assessed in which the majority of the negative and high positive membranous cases also showed the same interpretation for cytoplasmic β-catenin expression. Positive correlations were proved between β-catenin expression of diagnosed malignant cases, (pvalue =0.042) where all hurthle cell, follicular and medullary carcinoma cases, 87.5% of studied papillary carcinoma cases and 50% of poorly differentiated carcinoma cases showed β-catenin positivity while all anaplastic carcinoma cases were negative. Furthermore, statistically significant findings were seen in cases with absence of extrathyroid extension (P value= 0.045) especially those displaying β-Catenin cytoplasmic expression with extrathyroid extension of studied malignant cases showing a P value= (0.011) . No significant correlation was found between β-catenin expression and patients' pathological diagnosis, gender, extent of primary tumor (pT), lymph node metastasis, multifocality and co-existing pathology among studied malignant cases.
Conclusion: The present study suggests the prognostic role of β-catenin and its possible usage to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant β-catenin targeted mono- or combined therapy for tumors expressing this protein, especially for thyroid cases that cannot be removed surgically or that do not respond to traditional treatment options.
Key Words: β-catenin, immunohistochemistry, malignant thyroid neoplasms, benign thyroid neoplasms.
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22
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Nagy ÁG, Kanyó N, Vörös A, Székács I, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Population distributions of single-cell adhesion parameters during the cell cycle from high-throughput robotic fluidic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7747. [PMID: 35546603 PMCID: PMC9095720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell adhesion plays an essential role in biological and biomedical sciences, but its precise measurement for a large number of cells is still a challenging task. At present, typical force measuring techniques usually offer low throughput, a few cells per day, and therefore are unable to uncover phenomena emerging at the population level. In this work, robotic fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) was utilized to measure the adhesion parameters of cells in a high-throughput manner to study their population distributions in-depth. The investigated cell type was the genetically engineered HeLa Fucci construct with cell cycle-dependent expression of fluorescent proteins. This feature, combined with the high-throughput measurement made it possible for the first time to characterize the single-cell adhesion distributions at various stages of the cell cycle. It was found that parameters such as single-cell adhesion force and energy follow a lognormal population distribution. Therefore, conclusions based on adhesion data of a low number of cells or treating the population as normally distributed can be misleading. Moreover, we found that the cell area was significantly the smallest, and the area normalized maximal adhesion force was significantly the largest for the colorless cells (the mitotic (M) and early G1 phases). Notably, the parameter characterizing the elongation of the cells until the maximum level of force between the cell and its substratum was also dependent on the cell cycle, which quantity was the smallest for the colorless cells. A novel parameter, named the spring coefficient of the cell, was introduced as the fraction of maximal adhesion force and maximal cell elongation during the mechanical detachment, which was found to be significantly the largest for the colorless cells. Cells in the M phase adhere in atypical way, with so-called reticular adhesions, which are different from canonical focal adhesions. We first revealed that reticular adhesion can exert a higher force per unit area than canonical focal adhesions, and cells in this phase are significantly stiffer. The possible biological consequences of these findings were also discussed, together with the practical relevance of the observed population-level adhesion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston G Nagy
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicolett Kanyó
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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DOK5 as a Prognostic Biomarker of Gastric Cancer Immunoinvasion: A Bioinformatics Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9914778. [PMID: 35036444 PMCID: PMC8754673 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9914778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Docking protein 5 (DOK5) is a member of the docking protein group of membrane proteins and is an adapter protein involved in signal transduction. Nevertheless, the role of DOK5 expression in the prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. Methods In this study, clinical prognostic parameters and survival data related to DOK5, in patients with GC, were analyzed using bioinformatics analysis comprising Oncomine and TIMER, UALCAN database, Kaplan-Meier plotter, GEPIA, GSEA, DAVID, and cBioPortal websites. Results In our study, GC contained various DOK5 expressions, which forecasted poor survival outcomes. Moreover, our research showed that high DOK5 could predict high-level infiltration of several GC immune cells, as evidenced by M1, TAM, M2, B cell, and T cell failure. Hence, DOK5 might become a new gastric cancer biomarker and therapeutic target. In the following analysis, in order to explore the prognostic value of DOK5 in GC, more clinical trials are needed to validate our results. Conclusions Through multiple database verifications, DOK5 was found to be part of the pathogenic genes for GC. Thus, it can change the formation and progression of tumors by acting on human immunity.
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24
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Ju J, Wismans LV, Mustafa DAM, Reinders MJT, van Eijck CHJ, Stubbs AP, Li Y. Robust deep learning model for prognostic stratification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. iScience 2021; 24:103415. [PMID: 34901786 PMCID: PMC8637475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge for treating patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the unpredictability of their prognoses due to high heterogeneity. We present Multi-Omics DEep Learning for Prognosis-correlated subtyping (MODEL-P) to identify PDAC subtypes and to predict prognoses of new patients. MODEL-P was trained on autoencoder integrated multi-omics of 146 patients with PDAC together with their survival outcome. Using MODEL-P, we identified two PDAC subtypes with distinct survival outcomes (median survival 10.1 and 22.7 months, respectively, log rank p = 1 × 10−6), which correspond to DNA damage repair and immune response. We rigorously validated MODEL-P by stratifying patients in five independent datasets into these two survival groups and achieved significant survival difference, which is superior to current practice and other subtyping schemas. We believe the subtype-specific signatures would facilitate PDAC pathogenesis discovery, and MODEL-P can provide clinicians the prognoses information in the treatment decision-making to better gauge the benefits versus the risks. We developed DL-based MODEL-P to identify prognosis-correlated PDAC subtypes The identified subtypes related to DNA damage repair and immune response processes MODEL-P stratified patients from independent datasets into distinct survival groups MODEL-P could be used in clinics to aid treatment decision-making
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ju
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonoor V Wismans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dana A M Mustafa
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew P Stubbs
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kovacs L, Davis RA, Ganguly T, Chammas R, Sutcliffe JL. Repurposing an atherosclerosis targeting peptide for tumor imaging. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112469. [PMID: 34864315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and atherosclerosis are chronic diseases that share common characteristics at both early and advanced stages and can arise from multiple factors. Both diseases are characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Herein we investigated the ability of a peptide (CTHRSSVVC), that was previously reported to bind atherosclerotic lesions to home in the tumor microenvironment. The CTHRSSVVC peptide was synthesized on solid phase and N-terminally labeled with a sulfo-Cy5 dye. The specific binding to macrophage was evaluated in vitro with flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and in vivo for tumor targeting in BALB/c mice bearing a 4T1 tumor using optical imaging. The sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide was synthesized in greater than 99% purity. No selective binding of the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide to macrophages in vitro was observed, however in vivo the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide accumulated in the 4T1 tumor, with a tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 7.21 ± 1.44 at 2 h post injection. Ex vivo analysis of tumor tissue by confocal microscopy suggested that the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide had accumulated in the stroma of the tumor specifically, in regions of spindle shaped cells. In conclusion, although the target for the sulfo-Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide remains to be identified, the Cy5-CTHRSSVVC peptide warrants further investigation as a tumor imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Kovacs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Ryan A Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Tanushree Ganguly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 251 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000, Brazil.
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Chou CH, Lu KH, Yang JS, Hsieh YH, Lin CW, Yang SF. Dihydromyricetin suppresses cell metastasis in human osteosarcoma through SP-1- and NF-κB-modulated urokinase plasminogen activator inhibition. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153642. [PMID: 34265701 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis caused a decline in the 5-years survival rate of osteosarcoma. Therefore, developing new targeted therapeutics for osteosarcoma treatment is imperative. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) has several physiological functions: it counteracts inflammation, oxidation, and antitumor properties. However, the effects of DHM on osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the antimetastatic properties of DHM in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS and HOS cells. METHODS The effects of DHM (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μM) on cell viability, migration, and invasion were examined. Western blotting, RT-PCR, and quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR) were determined urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression. The expression of transcriptional factor SP-1 and NF-κB was determined by using immunofluorescence assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and site-directed mutagenesis luciferase reporter. RESULTS We observed that DHM suppresses cell migration and invasion in osteosarcoma cell lines. In addition, DHM inhibits metastasis by downregulating urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) expression. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction and promoter activity assays revealed that DHM decreased uPA expression at transcription levels. Furthermore, the inhibition of uPA expression was associated with the suppression of SP-1 and NF-κB, which bind to the uPA promoter. Regardless of blocking or inducing the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, we verified that the DHM-related suppression of uPA and cell metastasis occurred through the p-ERK pathway. CONCLUSION We are the first study to propose that DHM suppresses osteosarcoma metastasis through the ERK pathway and through the suppression of SP-1 and NF-κB to inhibit downstream uPA expression. DHM is a potential therapeutic agent for antimetastatic therapy against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsiu Lu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Orthopedics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ghareyazi A, Mohseni A, Dashti H, Beheshti A, Dehzangi A, Rabiee HR, Alinejad-Rokny H. Whole-Genome Analysis of De Novo Somatic Point Mutations Reveals Novel Mutational Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4376. [PMID: 34503185 PMCID: PMC8431675 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now known that at least 10% of samples with pancreatic cancers (PC) contain a causative mutation in the known susceptibility genes, suggesting the importance of identifying cancer-associated genes that carry the causative mutations in high-risk individuals for early detection of PC. In this study, we develop a statistical pipeline using a new concept, called gene-motif, that utilizes both mutated genes and mutational processes to identify 4211 3-nucleotide PC-associated gene-motifs within 203 significantly mutated genes in PC. Using these gene-motifs as distinguishable features for pancreatic cancer subtyping results in identifying five PC subtypes with distinguishable phenotypes and genotypes. Our comprehensive biological characterization reveals that these PC subtypes are associated with different molecular mechanisms including unique cancer related signaling pathways, in which for most of the subtypes targeted treatment options are currently available. Some of the pathways we identified in all five PC subtypes, including cell cycle and the Axon guidance pathway are frequently seen and mutated in cancer. We also identified Protein kinase C, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway and P53 signaling pathways as potential targets for treatment of the PC subtypes. Altogether, our results uncover the importance of considering both the mutation type and mutated genes in the identification of cancer subtypes and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ghareyazi
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365, Iran; (A.G.); (A.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Amir Mohseni
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365, Iran; (A.G.); (A.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Hamed Dashti
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365, Iran; (A.G.); (A.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Amin Beheshti
- Department of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Abdollah Dehzangi
- Department of Computer Science, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA
| | - Hamid R. Rabiee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11365, Iran; (A.G.); (A.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Hamid Alinejad-Rokny
- BioMedical Machine Learning Lab (BML), The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW Data Science Hub, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Health Data Analytics Program, AI-Enabled Processes (AIP) Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Yang H, Xu Z, Peng Y, Wang J, Xiang Y. Integrin β4 as a Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tumor Marker. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081197. [PMID: 34439865 PMCID: PMC8394641 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin β4 (ITGβ4) is a class of transmembrane adhesion molecules composed of hemidesmosomes (HDs). Its unique long intracellular domain provides intricate signal transduction functions. These signal transduction effects are especially prominent in tumors. Many recent studies have shown that integrin β4 is differentially expressed in various tumors, and it plays a vital role in tumor invasion, proliferation, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Therefore, we categorize the research related to integrin β4, starting from its structure and function in tumor tissues, and provide a basic description. Based on its structure and function, we believe that integrin β4 can be used as a tumor marker. In clinical practice, it is described as a diagnostic marker for the targeted treatment of cancer and will be helpful in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (H.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Zixuan Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (H.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yuqian Peng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (H.Y.); (Z.X.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jiali Wang
- Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-139-7312-8943
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Maradiaga ODH, Mok PL, Sivapragasam G, Samrot AV, Ali Khan MS, Farhana A, Alzahrani B, Tong J, Karuppiah T, Joseph NMS, Subbiah SK. Lipofection of Single Guide RNA Targeting MMP8 Decreases Proliferation and Migration in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:710. [PMID: 34356991 PMCID: PMC8306211 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have been implicated as major determinants of tumour growth and metastasis, which are considered two of the main hallmarks of cancer. The interaction of MMP8 and other signalling molecules within and adjacent tumoral tissues, including immune cells, are rather elusive, particularly of adenocarcinoma cell type. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of MMP8 in non-small cell lung cancer proliferation and invasiveness potential. Materials and Methods: We individually lipofected with two different single guide RNA (sgRNAs) that specifically targeted on MMP8, with CRISPR-Cas 9 protein into the cells. Results: Our results clearly indicated that the lipofection of these complexes could lead to reduced ability of A549 cells to survive and proliferate to form colonies. In addition, when compared to non-transfected cells, the experimental cell groups receiving sgRNAs demonstrated relatively decreased migration rate, hence, wider wound gaps in scratch assay. The quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) demonstrated significant reduction in the MAP-K, survivin and PI3-K gene expression. MMP8 might have protective roles over tumour growth and spread in our body. Conclusions: The delivery of sgRNAs targeting on the MMP8 gene could induce tumour cell death and arrest cell migratory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar David Hernandez Maradiaga
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Pooi Ling Mok
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Gothai Sivapragasam
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Antony V. Samrot
- School of Bioscience, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammed Safwan Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Mekteb-I, Tibbiye-I Sahane (Hamidiye) Complex Selimiye Mahallesi, Tibbiye Caddesi #38, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
| | - Badr Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia; (A.F.); (B.A.)
| | - Jiabei Tong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Thilakavathy Karuppiah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Narcisse M. S. Joseph
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
| | - Suresh Kumar Subbiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (O.D.H.M.); (J.T.); (N.M.S.J.)
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, 173, Agaram Main Rd, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, India
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Tang X, Zuo C, Fang P, Liu G, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Tang R. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Review on Biomarkers, Signal Pathways and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701291. [PMID: 34307170 PMCID: PMC8297686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, even after treatment with multiple therapies, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although great advances in medical development and improvements in therapeutic methods of GBM have led to a certain extension of the median survival time of patients, prognosis remains poor. The primary cause of its dismal outcomes is the high rate of tumor recurrence, which is closely related to its resistance to standard therapies. During the last decade, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been successfully isolated from GBM, and it has been demonstrated that these cells are likely to play an indispensable role in the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of GBM tumors, indicating that GSCs are a crucial target for treatment. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding GSCs, their related signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, crosstalk linking mechanisms, and microenvironment or niche. Subsequently, we present a framework of targeted therapy for GSCs based on direct strategies, including blockade of the pathways necessary to overcome resistance or prevent their function, promotion of GSC differentiation, virotherapy, and indirect strategies, including targeting the perivascular, hypoxic, and immune niches of the GSCs. In summary, targeting GSCs provides a tremendous opportunity for revolutionary approaches to improve the prognosis and therapy of GBM, despite a variety of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Duraivelan K, Samanta D. Emerging roles of the nectin family of cell adhesion molecules in tumour-associated pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188589. [PMID: 34237351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cells achieve maximum survival by modifying cellular machineries associated with processes such as cell division, migration, survival, and apoptosis, resulting in genetically complex and heterogeneous populations. While nectin and nectin-like cell adhesion molecules control development and maintenance of multicellular organisation in higher vertebrates by mediating cell-cell adhesion and related signalling processes, recent studies indicate that they also critically regulate growth and development of different types of cancers. In this review, we detail current knowledge about the role of nectin family members in various tumours. Furthermore, we also analyse the seemingly opposing roles of some members of nectin family in tumour-associated pathways, as they function as both tumour suppressors and oncogenes. Understanding this functional duality of nectin family in tumours will further our knowledge of molecular mechanisms regulating tumour development and progression, and contribute to the advancement of tumour diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheerthana Duraivelan
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Dibyendu Samanta
- School of Bioscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India.
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SMARCB1 deletion in atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors results in human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12893. [PMID: 34145313 PMCID: PMC8213802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor (AT/RT) is a rare pediatric central nervous system cancer often characterized by deletion or mutation of SMARCB1, a tumor suppressor gene. In this study, we found that SMARCB1 regulates Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HERV-K, subtype HML-2) expression. HML-2 is a repetitive element scattered throughout the human genome, encoding several intact viral proteins that have been associated with stem cell maintenance and tumorigenesis. We found HML-2 env expression in both the intracellular and extracellular compartments in all AT/RT cell lines (n = 4) and in 95% of AT/RT patient tissues (n = 37) evaluated. SMARCB1 knock-down in neural stem cells (NSCs) led to an upregulation of HML-2 transcription. We found that SMARCB1 binds adjacent to the HML-2 promoter, repressing its transcription via chromatin immunoprecipitation; restoration of SMARCB1 expression in AT/RT cell lines significantly downregulated HML-2 expression. Further, targeted downregulation of HML-2 transcription via CRISPR-dCas9 coupled with suppressor proteins led to cellular dispersion, decreased proliferation, and cell death in vitro. HML-2 knock-down with shRNA, siRNA, and CRISPR-dCas9 significantly decreased Ras expression as measured by qRT-PCR, suggesting that HML-2 modulates MAPK/ERK signaling in AT/RT cells. Overexpression of NRAS was sufficient to restore cellular proliferation, and MYC, a transcription factor downstream of NRAS, was bound to the HERV-K LTR significantly more in the absence of SMARCB1 expression in AT/RT cells. We show a mechanism by which these undifferentiated tumors remain pluripotent, and we demonstrate that their formation is aided by aberrant HML-2 activation, which is dependent on SMARCB1 and its interaction with MYC.
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Godugu K, Sudha T, Davis PJ, Mousa SA. Nano Diaminopropane tetrac and integrin αvβ3 expression in different cancer types: Anti-cancer efficacy and Safety. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100395. [PMID: 34034044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are a family of heterodimeric plasma membrane glycoproteins, which regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and metastasis. Integrin αvβ3 has been recognized as a putative target for the treatment of several cancers. Thus, the characterization of αvβ3 distribution in different human tumors is of substantial interest in tumor targeting and its suppression. In this study we evaluated the expression of integrin αvβ3 in different cancer types to define the expression pattern in cancer model. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of novel αvβ3 antagonist Diaminopropane Tetraiodothyroacetic acid conjugated to poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer and its nanoformulated form (NDAT), on different cancer cell lines both in vitro and in xenografts. In vitro, NDAT downregulated αv and β3 monomer expression. In vivo in tumor xenografts, similarly, NDAT downregulated αv and β3. Distinct reduction in tumor weight and viability was observed in glioblastoma xenografts treated with NDAT. Furthermore, NDAT was safe and tolerable in mice treated with high doses. In conclusion, NDAT is an effective and safe inhibitor of integrin αvβ3 expression in various cancer types, which indicates its impact on the targetability and suppression of αvβ3-associated tumor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Godugu
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, , 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Thangirala Sudha
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, , 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Davis
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, , 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, , 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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Wu SJ, Arundhathi A, Wang HC, Chen CY, Cheng TM, Yuan SSF, Wang YM. Migration and invasion of NSCLC suppressed by the downregulation of Src/focal adhesion kinase using single, double and tetra domain anti- CEACAM6 antibodies. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101057. [PMID: 33934053 PMCID: PMC8105299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of CEACAM 6 involved in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. Anti-CEACAM 6 antibodies with different valences can be used to target CEACAM 6 overexpressing tumor cells. Tetravalent sdAb (4Ab) showed significant effect on cell viability. High affinity anti-CEACAM 6 antibodies potentially inhibited migration via src/FAK pathway.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules 6 (CEACAM6) is a cell adhesion receptor. Expression of CEACAM6 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with tumor progression and metastatic condition via Src/FAK signaling pathway. We established three anti-CEACAM6 antibodies with valences, which were designed to be monomeric sdAb, bivalent sdAb (2Ab), and tetravalent sdAb (4Ab). The anti-CEACAM6 antibodies can be used to target CEACAM6 overexpressing NSCLC. Anti-CEACAM6 antibodies, sdAb, 2Ab and 4Ab, were modified with different valency via protein engineering. sdAb and multivalent sdAbs (2Ab & 4Ab) were expressed and purified from E.coli and CHO cells, respectively. We compared the effect of anti-CEACAM6 antibodies with doxorubicin in NSCLC cell line both in vitro and in vivo. The 4Ab showed significant effect on cell viability. In addition, A549 cells treated with 2Ab and 4Ab inhibited the invasion and migration. In western blot, the 2Ab and 4Ab showed significant inhibition of phospho FAK domain Ty397 that is essential for activation of Src kinase family. Meanwhile, overall protein analysis revealed that 2Ab and 4Ab potently inhibited the phosphorylation of pSRC, pERK, pFAK, pAKT, MMP-2, MMP-9 and N-cadherin. Anti-tumor effect was observed in an A549 NSCLC xenograft model treated with 2Ab or 4Ab compared with doxorubicin. Confocal analysis showed higher targeting ability of 4Ab than that of 2Ab at 4 h incubation. Our data suggests that 2Ab and 4Ab inhibits EMT-mediated migration and invasion via suppression of Src/FAK signaling, which exhibits therapeutic efficiency for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Jung Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Arivajiagane Arundhathi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ching Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan..
| | - Shyng-Shiou F Yuan
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Faculty and College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Lee J, Lee S, Kim SM, Shin H. Size-controlled human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids hybridized with single-segmented nanofibers and their effect on viability and stem cell differentiation. Biomater Res 2021; 25:14. [PMID: 33902733 PMCID: PMC8074457 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00215-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabrication of three-dimensional stem cell spheroids have been studied to improve stem cell function, but the hypoxic core and limited penetration of nutrients and signaling cues to the interior of the spheroid were challenges. The incorporation of polymers such as silica and gelatin in spheroids resulted in relatively relaxed assembly of composite spheroids, and enhancing transport of nutrient and biological gas. However, because of the low surface area between cells and since the polymers were heterogeneously distributed throughout the spheroid, these polymers cannot increase the cell to extracellular matrix interactions needed to support differentiation. METHODS We developed the stem cell spheroids that incorporate poly(ι-lactic acid) single-segmented fibers synthesized by electrospinning and physical and chemical fragmentation. The proper mixing ratio was 2000 cells/μg fibers (average length of the fibers was 50 μm - 100 μm). The SFs were coated with polydopamine to increase cell binding affinity and to synthesize various-sized spheroids. The function of spheroids was investigated by in vitro analysis depending on their sizes. For statistical analysis, Graphpad Prism 5 software (San Diego, CA, USA) was used to perform one-way analysis of variance ANOVA with Tukey's honest significant difference test and a Student's t-test (for two variables) (P < 0.05). RESULTS Spheroids of different sizes were created by modulating the amount of cells and fibers (0.063 mm2-0.322 mm2). The fibers in the spheroid were homogenously distributed and increased cell viability, while cell-only spheroids showed a loss of DNA contents, internal degradation, and many apoptotic signals. Furthermore, we investigated stemness and various functions of various-sized fiber-incorporated spheroids. In conclusion, the spheroid with the largest size showed the greatest release of angiogenic factors (released VEGF: 0.111 ± 0.004 pg/ng DNA), while the smallest size showed greater effects of osteogenic differentiation (mineralized calcium: 18.099 ± 0.271 ng/ng DNA). CONCLUSION The spheroids incorporating polydopamine coated single-segmented fibers showed enhanced viability regardless of sizes and increased their functionality by regulating the size of spheroids which may be used for various tissue reconstruction and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Kim
- BK21 FOUR, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physical Education and Active Aging Industry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Artificial Intelligence Muscle, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- BK21 FOUR, Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Makowiecka A, Mazurkiewicz E, Mrówczyńska E, Malek N, Battistella A, Lazzarino M, Nowak D, Mazur AJ. Changes in Biomechanical Properties of A375 Cells Due to the Silencing of TMSB4X Expression Are Not Directly Correlated with Alterations in Their Stemness Features. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040769. [PMID: 33807338 PMCID: PMC8067020 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a small, 44-amino acid polypeptide. It has been implicated in multiple processes, including cell movement, angiogenesis, and stemness. Previously, we reported that melanoma cell lines differ in Tβ4 levels. Studies on stable clones with silenced TMSB4X expression showed that Tβ4 impacted adhesion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition progression. Here, we show that the cells with silenced TMSB4X expression exhibited altered actin cytoskeleton’s organization and subcellular relocalization of two intermediate filament proteins: Nestin and Vimentin. The rearrangement of the cell cytoskeleton resulted in changes in the cells’ topology, height, and stiffness defined by Young’s modulus. Simultaneously, only for some A375 clones with a lowered Tβ4 level, we observed a decreased ability to initiate colony formation in soft agar, tumor formation in vivo, and alterations in Nanog’s expression level transcription factor regulating stemness. Thus, we show for the first time that in A375 cells, biomechanical properties are not directly coupled to stemness features, and this cell line is phenotypically heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Makowiecka
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (E.M.); (E.M.); (N.M.); (D.N.)
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-National Research Council, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.); (A.J.M.); Tel.: +48-71-375-6206 (A.J.M.)
| | - Ewa Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (E.M.); (E.M.); (N.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewa Mrówczyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (E.M.); (E.M.); (N.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Natalia Malek
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (E.M.); (E.M.); (N.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Alice Battistella
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-National Research Council, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Marco Lazzarino
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali-National Research Council, I-34149 Trieste, Italy; (A.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (E.M.); (E.M.); (N.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Antonina Joanna Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (E.M.); (E.M.); (N.M.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence: or (A.M.); (A.J.M.); Tel.: +48-71-375-6206 (A.J.M.)
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Osuka S, Zhu D, Zhang Z, Li C, Stackhouse CT, Sampetrean O, Olson JJ, Gillespie GY, Saya H, Willey CD, Van Meir EG. N-cadherin upregulation mediates adaptive radioresistance in glioblastoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:136098. [PMID: 33720050 PMCID: PMC7954595 DOI: 10.1172/jci136098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is composed of heterogeneous tumor cell populations, including those with stem cell properties, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are innately less radiation sensitive than the tumor bulk and are believed to drive GBM formation and recurrence after repeated irradiation. However, it is unclear how GSCs adapt to escape the toxicity of repeated irradiation used in clinical practice. To identify important mediators of adaptive radioresistance in GBM, we generated radioresistant human and mouse GSCs by exposing them to repeat cycles of irradiation. Surviving subpopulations acquired strong radioresistance in vivo, which was accompanied by a reduction in cell proliferation and an increase in cell-cell adhesion and N-cadherin expression. Increasing N-cadherin expression rendered parental GSCs radioresistant, reduced their proliferation, and increased their stemness and intercellular adhesive properties. Conversely, radioresistant GSCs lost their acquired phenotypes upon CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of N-cadherin. Mechanistically, elevated N-cadherin expression resulted in the accumulation of β-catenin at the cell surface, which suppressed Wnt/β-catenin proliferative signaling, reduced neural differentiation, and protected against apoptosis through Clusterin secretion. N-cadherin upregulation was induced by radiation-induced IGF1 secretion, and the radiation resistance phenotype could be reverted with picropodophyllin, a clinically applicable blood-brain-barrier permeable IGF1 receptor inhibitor, supporting clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Osuka
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chaoxi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christian T. Stackhouse
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey J. Olson
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Erwin G. Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Urh K, Žlajpah M, Zidar N, Boštjančič E. Identification and Validation of New Cancer Stem Cell-Related Genes and Their Regulatory microRNAs in Colorectal Cancerogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020179. [PMID: 33670246 PMCID: PMC7916981 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the last decade in our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer stem cells (CSC) have gained much attention and are now believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including CRC. In the current study, we validated gene expression of four genes related to CSC, L1TD1, SLITRK6, ST6GALNAC1 and TCEA3, identified in a previous bioinformatics analysis. Using bioinformatics, potential miRNA-target gene correlations were prioritized. In total, 70 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 47 patients with adenoma, adenoma with early carcinoma and CRC without and with lymph node metastases were included. The expression of selected genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) was evaluated using quantitative PCR. Differential expression of all investigated genes and four of six prioritized miRNAs (hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-425-5p, hsa-miR-1225-3p, hsa-miR-1233-3p and hsa-miR-1303) was found in at least one group of CRC cancerogenesis. L1TD1, SLITRK6, miR-1233-3p and miR-1225-3p were correlated to the level of malignancy. A negative correlation between miR-199a-3p and its predicted target SLITRK6 was observed, showing potential for further experimental validation in CRC. Our results provide further evidence that CSC-related genes and their regulatory miRNAs are involved in CRC development and progression and suggest that some them, particularly miR-199a-3p and its SLITRK6 target gene, are promising for further validation in CRC.
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Şahin M, Öncü G, Yılmaz MA, Özkan D, Saybaşılı H. Transformation of SH-SY5Y cell line into neuron-like cells: Investigation of electrophysiological and biomechanical changes. Neurosci Lett 2021; 745:135628. [PMID: 33440235 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells are commonly used as neuronal models. Here, we examined different aspects of SH-SY5Y cell differentiation. Various differentiation protocols have been proposed previously, including treatments with retinoic acid, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cholesterol and oestradiol. We examined undifferentiated SH-SY5Y cells (UNDIFF); cells differentiated by the treatment with retinoic acid (RA); retinoic acid + BDNF (RB); and retinoic acid + BDNF + cholesterol + oestradiol (RBCE). We performed whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from these cells and nanomechanically characterised them by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Our results indicated that Na+ currents become most pronounced in the differentiated RB cells, whereas UNDIFF SH-SY5Y cells had significantly larger K+ currents, which is a characteristic feature of cancer cells. AFM observations of these two groups showed that Young's moduli of SH-SY5Y cells increased threefold with differentiation. Furthermore, we showed a direct relationship between Na+ channel activity and elasticity in these cells. We conclude that SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells should be used as a neuronal model only when they are differentiated by the treatment with retinoic acid and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Şahin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Öncü
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Alper Yılmaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense University, Naval Academy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Doğuş Özkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Defense University, Naval Academy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hale Saybaşılı
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Chen S, Wei Y, Liu H, Gong Y, Zhou Y, Yang H, Tang L. Analysis of Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) expression and prognostic significance in gastric cancer based on bioinformatics. Bioengineered 2020; 12:127-137. [PMID: 33371777 PMCID: PMC8291830 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1864912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen type X alpha 1 (COL10A1) is a member of the collagen family and the main matrix component. However, COL10A1 expression and prognosis relationship remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). Through the analysis of database of Oncomine, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), in contrast to the tissue of normal gastric, COL10A1 in gastric cancer, had been upregulated. The high expression of COL10A1 was obviously related to T stage (P = 0.025) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.025). It has been illustrated by the analysis of logistic regression that COL10A1's heightened expression in gastric cancer had been essentially linked with pathological stage, tumor differentiation, and T classification. The Kaplan-Meier curve in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database (P = 0.0371) and GSE84437 (P = 0.002) indicate that patients with high COL10A1 expression possess poor prognosis, specifically GC patients with lymph node metastasis have it. TCGA's Multivariate analysis (P = 0.025) and GSE84437 dataset (P = 0.034) show that high expression COL10A1 is a key independent predictor of poor overall survival. Searching KEGG pathway enrichment by GSEA, the results suggested that 29 pathways were enriched. qRT-PCR technique was used for verification of the COL10A1's high expression in gastric cancer in contrast to the normal gastric tissues. In conclusion, COL10A1 is of great importance in predicting the survival rate of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Hanyang Liu
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Haojun Yang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Liming Tang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Disease, The Affiliated Changzhou NO.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
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Solimando AG, Summa SD, Vacca A, Ribatti D. Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis: The Endothelial Cell as a Checkpoint for Immunological Patrolling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113380. [PMID: 33203154 PMCID: PMC7696032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A clinical decision and study design investigating the level and extent of angiogenesis modulation aimed at vascular normalization without rendering tissues hypoxic is key and represents an unmet medical need. Specifically, determining the active concentration and optimal times of the administration of antiangiogenetic drugs is crucial to inhibit the growth of any microscopic residual tumor after surgical resection and in the pre-malignant and smolder neoplastic state. This review uncovers the pre-clinical translational insights crucial to overcome the caveats faced so far while employing anti-angiogenesis. This literature revision also explores how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium harm the crosstalk with an effective immune cell response, envisioning a novel combination with other anti-cancer drugs and immunomodulatory agents. These insights hold vast potential to both repress tumorigenesis and unleash an effective immune response. Abstract Cancer-associated neo vessels’ formation acts as a gatekeeper that orchestrates the entrance and egress of patrolling immune cells within the tumor milieu. This is achieved, in part, via the directed chemokines’ expression and cell adhesion molecules on the endothelial cell surface that attract and retain circulating leukocytes. The crosstalk between adaptive immune cells and the cancer endothelium is thus essential for tumor immune surveillance and the success of immune-based therapies that harness immune cells to kill tumor cells. This review will focus on the biology of the endothelium and will explore the vascular-specific molecular mediators that control the recruitment, retention, and trafficking of immune cells that are essential for effective antitumor immunity. The literature revision will also explore how abnormalities in the tumor endothelium impair crosstalk with adaptive immune cells and how targeting these abnormalities can improve the success of immune-based therapies for different malignancies, with a particular focus on the paradigmatic example represented by multiple myeloma. We also generated and provide two original bio-informatic analyses, in order to sketch the physiopathology underlying the endothelial–neoplastic interactions in an easier manner, feeding into a vicious cycle propagating disease progression and highlighting novel pathways that might be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
| | - Simona De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Section of Internal Medicine ‘G. Baccelli’, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.S.); (D.R.); Tel.: +39-3395626475 (A.G.S.); +39-080-5478326 (D.R.)
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Pais RJ. Simulation of multiple microenvironments shows a pivot role of RPTPs on the control of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Biosystems 2020; 198:104268. [PMID: 33068671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a natural and reversible process involved in embryogenesis, wound healing and thought to participate in the process of metastasis. Multiple signals from the microenvironment have been reported to drive EMT. However, the tight control of this process on physiological scenarios and how it is disrupted during cancer progression is not fully understood. Here, we analysed a regulatory network of EMT accounting for 10 key microenvironment signals focusing on the impact of two cell contact signals on the reversibility of EMT and the stability of resulting phenotypes. The analysis showed that the microenvironment is not enough for stabilizing Hybrid and Amoeboid-like phenotypes, requiring intracellular de-regulations as reported during cancer progression. Our simulations demonstrated that RPTP activation by cell contacts have the potential to inhibit the process of EMT and trigger its reversibility under tissue growth and chronic inflammation scenarios. Simulations also showed that hypoxia inhibits the capacity of RPTPs to control EMT. Our analysis further provided a theoretical explanation for the observed correlation between hypoxia and metastasis under chronic inflammation, and predicted that de-regulations in FAT4 signalling may promote Hybrid stabilization. Taken together, we propose a natural control mechanism of EMT that supports the idea that EMT is tightly regulated by the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Jorge Pais
- Centro de investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal; BioenhancerSystems, London, UK.
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Feng L, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Guo L, Yang F. MicroRNA-885 regulates the growth and epithelial mesenchymal transition of human liver cancer cells by suppressing tropomodulin 1 expression. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 693:108588. [PMID: 32937160 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNA-885 (miR-885) has been shown to act as vital regulator of tumorigenesis and its tumor-suppressive role has been investigated in several human cancers. However, the role of miR-885 in regulation of epithelial mesenchymal transition of liver cancer cells yet unknown. This study was undertaken to investigate the tumor-suppressive role of miR-885 and investigate its effects on epithelial mesenchymal transition of human liver cancer cells. The results revealed that miR-885 to be significantly (P < 0.05) repressed in liver cancer and tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-885 resulted in significant (P < 0.05) decline in the proliferation of liver cancer cells. Additionally, migration and invasion of the liver cancer cells was also suppressed upon miR-182 overexpression which was associated with alteration of the proteins associated with epithelial mesenchymal transition. TMOD1 was identified as the target of miR-885 and the regulatory role of miR-885 was elucidated to be exerted via post-transcriptional silencing of TMOD1. The silencing of TMOD1 by miR-885 inhibited the expression of mesenchymal markers but enhanced the expression levels of epithelial markers. The results of present study revealed miR-885 proved the tumor-suppressive role of miR-885 in liver cancer and points towards its therapeutic implications in liver cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Department of Nuclear Medical, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Yueyi Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medical, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medical, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China.
| | - Li Guo
- Department of Radiology Department Medical, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
| | - Feifei Yang
- Department of Radiology Department Medical, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650101, China
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Towner RA, Zalles M, Saunders D, Smith N. Novel approaches to combat chemoresistance against glioblastomas. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:686-698. [PMID: 35582224 PMCID: PMC8992560 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is in part due to resistance to current standard-of-care treatments including chemotherapy [predominantly temozolomide (TMZ; Temodar)], radiation therapy and an anti-angiogenic therapy [an antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor (bevacizumab; Avastin)], resulting in recurrent tumors. Several recurrent GBM tumors are commonly resistant to either TMZ, radiation or bevacizumab, which contributes to the low survival rate for GBM patients. This review will focus on novel targets and therapeutic approaches that are currently being considered to combat GBM chemoresistance. One of these therapeutic options is a small molecule called OKlahoma Nitrone 007 (OKN-007), which was discovered to inhibit the transforming growth factor β1 pathway, reduce TMZ-resistance and enhance TMZ-sensitivity. OKN-007 is currently an investigational new drug in clinical trials for both newly-diagnosed and recurrent GBM patients. Another novel target is ELTD1 (epidermal growth factor, latrophilin and seven transmembrane domain-containing protein 1; alternatively known as ADGRL4, Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L4), which we used a monoclonal antibody against, where a therapy against it was found to inhibit Notch 1 in a pre-clinical GBM xenograft model. Notch 1 is known to be associated with chemoresistance in GBM. Other potential therapeutic targets to combat GBM chemoresistance include the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, nuclear factor-κB, the hepatocyte/scatter factor (c-MET), the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rheal A. Towner
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michelle Zalles
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Debra Saunders
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nataliya Smith
- Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Nagasundaram M, Horstkorte R, Gnanapragassam VS. Sialic Acid Metabolic Engineering of Breast Cancer Cells Interferes with Adhesion and Migration. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112632. [PMID: 32517035 PMCID: PMC7321191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer diagnosed in women and the second most common cancer-causing death worldwide. The major problem around the management of breast cancer is its high heterogeneity and the development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, understanding the fundamental breast cancer biology is crucial for better diagnosis and therapy. Protein sialylation is a key posttranslational modification of glycoproteins, which is also involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Increased expression of sialic acids (Sia) can interfere in receptor–ligand interactions and might protect tumor cells from the immune system. Furthermore, Sia content on the cell membrane plays a role in cancer resistance towards chemo- and radiation therapy. In this study, we glycoengineered MCF-7 breast cancer cells using a series of non-natural Sia precursors, which are prolonged in their acyl side chain. We observed a significant reduction in the natural Sia (N-Acetylneuraminic acid) expression after cultivation of MCF-7 cells with these Sia precursors. In addition, the expression of polySia, a unique glycosylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM, which interferes with cell adhesion, was decreased. We conclude that sialic acid engineering i) opens up novel opportunities to study the biological role of Sia in breast cancer and ii) provides a toolbox to examine the sialic acid-dependent complex cellular alterations in breast cancer cell biology.
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46
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Qi FF, Yang Y, Zhang H, Chen H. Long non-coding RNAs: Key regulators in oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110329. [PMID: 32502843 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies in the world with high relapse and mortality rates. Although oxaliplatin (OXA), a platinum-based anticancer drug, is widely used in CRC treatment, the resulting chemoresistance dramatically attenuates the drug efficacy and increases the failure rate of this therapy. Thus, the study on OXA-induced chemoresistance is extremely urgent. In recent years, emerging evidence has shown that lncRNAs play irreplaceable roles in drug resistance. However, we only have a limited knowledge of the lncRNAs that are closely related to oxaliplatin resistance in CRC. In present study, we identify and characterize these lncRNAs, including their functions, underlying mechanisms and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Qi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Yunyao Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Haowen Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Experimental Animals, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, PR China.
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47
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Kumar Katakam S, Tria V, Sim WC, Yip GW, Molgora S, Karnavas T, Elghonaimy EA, Pelucchi P, Piscitelli E, Ibrahim SA, Zucchi I, Reinbold R, Greve B, Götte M. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 regulates colon cancer stem cell function via a focal adhesion kinase-Wnt signaling axis. FEBS J 2020; 288:486-506. [PMID: 32367652 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In colon cancer, downregulation of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) is associated with increased invasiveness, metastasis, and dedifferentiation. As Sdc-1 modulates signaling pathways relevant to stem cell function, we tested the hypothesis that it may regulate a tumor-initiating cell phenotype. Sdc-1 small-interfering RNA knockdown in the human colon cancer cell lines Caco2 and HT-29 resulted in an increased side population (SP), enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 activity, and higher expression of CD133, LGR5, EPCAM, NANOG, SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2, KLF2, and TCF4/TCF7L2. Sdc-1 knockdown enhanced sphere formation, cell viability, Matrigel invasiveness, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related gene expression. Sdc-1-depleted HT-29 xenograft growth was increased compared to controls. Decreased Sdc-1 expression was associated with an increased activation of β1-integrins, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and wingless-type (Wnt) signaling. Pharmacological FAK and Wnt inhibition blocked the enhanced stem cell phenotype and invasive growth. Sequential flow cytometric SP enrichment substantially enhanced the stem cell phenotype of Sdc-1-depleted cells, which showed increased resistance to doxorubicin chemotherapy and irradiation. In conclusion, Sdc-1 depletion cooperatively enhances activation of integrins and FAK, which then generates signals for increased invasiveness and cancer stem cell properties. Our findings may provide a novel concept to target a stemness-associated signaling axis as a therapeutic strategy to reduce metastatic spread and cancer recurrence. DATABASES: The GEO accession number of the Affymetrix transcriptomic screening is GSE58751.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Tria
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Wey-Cheng Sim
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - George W Yip
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stefano Molgora
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Theodoros Karnavas
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Vita Salute San Raffaele University and Research Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurosurgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eslam A Elghonaimy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Paride Pelucchi
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piscitelli
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ileana Zucchi
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Rolland Reinbold
- Istituto di Technologie Biomediche Consiglio Nazionale dell Ricerche, ITB-CNR, Segrate-Milano, Italy
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy - Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Germany
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48
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Chen X, Li X, Hu X, Jiang F, Shen Y, Xu R, Wu L, Wei P, Shen X. LUM Expression and Its Prognostic Significance in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:605. [PMID: 32500021 PMCID: PMC7242722 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumican (LUM) is a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family and plays dual roles as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene. The effect of LUM on tumors is still controversial. Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical data of gastric cancer (GC) were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The expression difference of LUM in GC tissues and adjacent nontumor tissues was analyzed by R software and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and comprehensive meta-analysis. The relationship between LUM expression and clinicopathological parameters was assessed by chi-square test and logistic regression. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were chosen to assess the effect of LUM expression on survival. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to screen the signaling pathways involved in GC between the low and the high LUM expression datasets. Results: The expression of LUM in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent nontumor tissues (P < 0.001) from the TCGA database. qRT-PCR (P = 0.022) and comprehensive meta-analysis (standard mean difference = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.34-1.46) demonstrated that LUM was upregulated in GC. The chi-square test showed that the high expression of LUM was correlated with tumor differentiation (P = 0.024) and T stage (P = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that high LUM expression was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (OR = 1.543 for poor vs. well or moderate, P = 0.043), pathological stage (OR = 3.149 for stage II vs. stage I, P = 0.001; OR = 2.505 for stage III vs. stage I, P = 0.007), and T classification (OR = 13.304 for T2 vs. T1, P = 0.014; OR = 18.434 for T3 vs. T1, P = 0.005; OR = 30.649 for T4 vs. T1, P = 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that patients with high LUM expression had a poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that a high expression of LUM was an important independent predictor of poor overall survival (HR, 1.189; 95% CI, 1.011-1.400; P = 0.037). GSEA indicated that 14 signaling pathways were evidently enriched in samples with the high-LUM expression phenotype. Conclusions: LUM might act as an oncogene in the progression of GC and could be regarded as a potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueju Hu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pingmin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Shen
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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49
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Darvishi B, Salehi M, Boroumandieh S, Majidzadeh-A K, Jalili N, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Farahmand L. Dual in vitro invasion/migration suppressing and tamoxifen response modulating effects of a recombinant anti-ALCAM scFv on breast cancer cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:651-659. [PMID: 32196701 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that overexpression of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is involved in development of resistance to tamoxifen therapy and promotion of cell invasion, migration and metastasis in ER+ breast cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that blockade of ALCAM interconnections with antibodies could be an effective approach for reversing mentioned negative events associated with ALCAM overexpression in breast cancer cells. Here, an anti-ALCAM scFv was recombinantly expressed and used throughout study for examination of the putative anticancer effects of ALCAM blockade. The anti-ALCAM scFv coding sequence was obtained from GenBank database and after addition of a 6× His-tag moiety, signal peptide and flanking sequences, the whole construct was expressed in Escherichia coli. Tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cells were then pretreat for 24 hours with purified recombinant anti-ALCAM scFv prior to administration of tamoxifen. In parallel, the cytotoxicity profile of anti-ALCAM scFv and tamoxifen co-treatments against tamoxifen resistant and sensitive MCF7 cell lines was also evaluated using CompuSyn software. The invasion/migration inhibitory effects of anti-ALCAM scFv on MDA-MB-231 cells were also evaluated. Pretreatment with anti-ALCAM scFv could successfully enhance anti-proliferative effects of tamoxifen against resistant MCF-7 cell lines. Furthermore, the combination of 19.2:1 of tamoxifen to anti-ALCAM scFv demonstrated synergistic cell inhibitory effect against tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cell lines. Also, incubating MDA-MB-231 cell lines with anti-ALCAM scFv resulted in a 30% and 25% reduction in number of invaded and migrated cells respectively. Overall, application of anti-ALCAM scFv could significantly suppress cancer cells metastasis in vitro and modulate tamoxifen resistant ER+ MCF7 cell line's sensitivity to tamoxifen. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Acquisition of resistance to tamoxifen therapy is one of the major challenges associated with cancer chemotherapy, gradually turning a responsive tumour into a refractory more invasive one which ultimately ends in disease progression and relapse. Here, we reported expression of an anti-ALCAM scFv, capable of increasing the sensitivity of tamoxifen resistant ER+ MCF-7 cells to tamoxifen therapy following a 24-hour pretreatment period. In addition, we demonstrated that the anti-ALCAM scFv monotherapy was also capable of suppressing invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in Boyden chamber assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrad Darvishi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Salehi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Boroumandieh
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jalili
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Moradi-Kalbolandi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Farahmand
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Ellerin BE, Demandante CGN, Martins JT. Pure abscopal effect of radiotherapy in a salivary gland carcinoma: Case report, literature review, and a search for new approaches. Cancer Radiother 2020; 24:226-246. [PMID: 32192840 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with poorly differentiated non-small cell carcinoma of the right parotid who presented with headache, was found to have a primary right parotid gland cancer as well as metastatic disease, and underwent palliative radiotherapy to the primary site. The patient received no chemotherapy or immunotherapy, but both the primary site and several non-irradiated foci in the lungs regressed or completely resolved. The patient remained free of disease for about one year before progression. The case is a rare instance of abscopal regression of metastatic disease in the absence of pharmacologic immunomodulation. A literature review surveys the history of the abscopal effect of radiation therapy, attempts to understand the mechanisms of its successes and failures, and points to new approaches that can inform and improve the outcomes of radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J T Martins
- UT Health HOPE Cancer Center, Tyler, TX 75701, USA
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