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Li M, Cao F, Wang W, Ma Y, Yu Z, Wang K, Chen Y, Liu H. Coumarin-Furoxan Hybrid Suppressed the Proliferation and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Activating Mitochondrial Stress and Cell Apoptosis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1278-1290. [PMID: 38751639 PMCID: PMC11091983 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) typically manifests as higher invasive carcinoma correlated with a worse prognosis that primarily relies on chemotherapy. There is growing evidence that nitric oxide (NO) donor drugs have the potential for anticancer therapy. On this basis, we constructed and evaluated a novel coumarin-furoxan hybrid 4A93 as an effective antitumor candidate drug. 4A93 exhibits low IC50 values in three TNBC cell lines and inhibits colony formation and DNA synthesis, probably due to the release of high concentrations of NO in mitochondria, which induces oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. Further research suggests that 4A93 might destroy mitochondria by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and promoting the release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Intrinsic apoptosis is induced finally, along with Akt/Erk signaling suppression. Additionally, 4A93 underregulates the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition process to inhibit cell migration and invasion. In 4T1 subcutaneous and hematogenous models of mice, 4A93 therapy suppresses the tumor growth and prevented lung metastasis with favorable biosafety. Our results provide insights into 4A93 in TNBC treatment and validate the contribution of NO donors in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Li
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fan Cao
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yulei Ma
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihui Yu
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan
University, Shanghai 201203, China
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2
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Jiang B, Ye X, Wang W, He J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Bao L, Xu X. Comprehensive assessment of regulatory T-cells-related scoring system for predicting the prognosis, immune microenvironment and therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5288-5310. [PMID: 38461439 PMCID: PMC11006487 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles in tumor immunosuppression and immune escape. The aim of the present study was to construct a novel Tregs-associated biomarker for the prediction of tumour immune microenvironment (TIME), clinical outcomes, and individualised treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS Single-cell sequencing data were obtained from the three independent cohorts. Cox and LASSO regression were utilised to develop the Tregs Related Scoring System (TRSSys). GSE140520, ICGC-LIRI and CHCC cohorts were used for the validation of TRSSys. Kaplan-Meier, ROC, and Cox regression were utilised for the evaluation of TRSSys. The ESTIMATE, TIMER 2.0, and ssGSEA algorithm were utilised to determine the value of TRSSys in predicting the TIME. GSVA, GO, KEGG, and TMB analyses were used for mechanistic exploration. Finally, the value of TRSSys in predicting drug sensitivity was evaluated based on the oncoPredict algorithm. RESULTS Comprehensive validation showed that TRSSys had good prognostic predictive efficacy and applicability. Additionally, ssGSEA, TIMER and ESTIMATE algorithm suggested that TRSSys could help to distinguish different TIME subtypes and determine the beneficiary population of immunotherapy. Finally, the oncoPredict algorithm suggests that TRSSys provides a basis for individualised treatment. CONCLUSIONS TRSSys constructed in the current study is a novel HCC prognostic prediction biomarker with good predictive efficacy and stability. Additionally, risk stratification based on TRSSys can help to identify the TIME landscape subtypes and provide a basis for individualized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitao Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ye
- Radiotherapy Department, The Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiajia He
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lingling Bao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beilun District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Xu J, Chen F, Zhu W, Zhang W. NPC1 promotes autophagy with tumor promotion and acts as a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma. Gene 2024; 897:148050. [PMID: 38042211 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND more and more studies have indicated that autophagy plays a crucial role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in recent years. Hence, our study aimed to establish a prognostic signature for HCC based on autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in order to predict the prognosis of HCC. METHODS All original gene-expression data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). ARGs were obtained from the Human Autophagy Database (HADb). Univariate Cox regression analysis, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis were performed to identify and validate the validity and reliability of our eight-gene signature, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used to perform enrichment analysis by comparing high-risk and low-risk groups in KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) gene sets. Finally, we verified the gene (NPC1) by functional experiments in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS 8 ARGs were identified for establishing an eight-gene signature. Then, we validated our eight-gene signature in training, internal, external, and entire testing cohorts. Besides, we also explored the relationships between the eight-gene signature and immune infiltration or immune checkpoints. We also identified NPC1 was closely related to Activated CD4 T cell and Type I IFN Response, and higher expressed level of HCC patients was more sensitive to CTLA4 and TNFRSF9 immune checkpoint inhibitors. NPC1 is highly expressed in HCC cells and tumor tissues, which promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells by activating autophagy.. CONCLUSION 8 ARGs were used to establish a gene signature to predict the prognosis of HCC. we inferred that NPC1 can promote late autophagy, it could be a future novel therapeutic target of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen TM, Ngoc DTM, You T, Park MK, Lee CH. Unraveling the Janus-Faced Role of Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16255. [PMID: 38003445 PMCID: PMC10671265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagy and mitophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Autophagy is an essential cellular process in maintaining cell homeostasis. Still, its dysregulation is associated with the development of liver diseases, including HCC, which is one of leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. We focus on elucidating the dual role of autophagy in HCC, both in tumor initiation and progression, and highlighting the complex nature involved in the disease. In addition, we present a detailed analysis of a small subset of autophagy- and mitophagy-related molecules, revealing their specific functions during tumorigenesis and the progression of HCC cells. By understanding these mechanisms, we aim to provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies to manipulate autophagy effectively. The goal is to improve the therapeutic response of liver cancer cells and overcome drug resistance, providing new avenues for improved treatment options for HCC patients. Overall, this review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the complex role of autophagy in HCC and its potential as a target for innovative therapies aimed to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ha Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Minh Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Taesik You
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Park
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy National Cance Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Healthcare, Hwasung Medi-Science University, Hwaseong-si 18274, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
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Chen H, Hu Y, Zhuang Z, Wang D, Ye Z, Jing J, Cheng X. Advancements and Obstacles of PARP Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5114. [PMID: 37958290 PMCID: PMC10647262 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common and aggressive cancer of the digestive system, exhibiting high aggressiveness and significant heterogeneity. Despite advancements in improving survival rates over the past few decades, GC continues to carry a worrisome prognosis and notable mortality. As a result, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches to address GC. Recent targeted sequencing studies have revealed frequent mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway genes in many GC patients. These mutations lead to an increased reliance on poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) for DNA repair, making PARP inhibitors (PARPi) a promising treatment option for GC. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the rationale and development of PARPi, highlighting its progress and challenges in both preclinical and clinical research for treating GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.C.); (Y.H.); (D.W.)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Yangchan Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.C.); (Y.H.); (D.W.)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Zirui Zhuang
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Hangzhou 310024, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dingyi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.C.); (Y.H.); (D.W.)
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
| | - Zu Ye
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ji Jing
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Xiangdong Cheng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Shi D, Pang Q, Qin Q, Yao X, Yao X, Yu Y. Discovery of novel anti-tumor compounds targeting PARP-1 with induction of autophagy through in silico and in vitro screening. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026306. [PMID: 36353483 PMCID: PMC9638114 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a critical enzyme involved in DNA damage repair and recombination, and shows great potential for drug development in the treatment of cancers with defective DNA repair. The anti-tumor activities of PARP-1 inhibitors are regulated by both inhibition activities and allosteric mechanisms of PARP-1, and may also be involved in an autophagy-mediated process. Screening PARP-1 inhibitors with potential allosteric mechanisms and induced autophagy process could achieve elevated potency toward cancer cell killing. In this study, we tried to discover novel anti-tumor compounds targeting PARP-1 by computer simulations and in vitro screening. In order to filter PARP-1 inhibitors that could affect the folding state of the helix domain (HD) on PARP-1, the free energy contribution of key residues on HD were systematically analyzed using the ligand-binding crystal structures and integrated into in silico screening workflow for the selection of 20 pick-up compounds. Four compounds (Chemdiv codes: 8012-0567, 8018-6529, 8018-7168, 8018-7603) were proved with above 40% inhibitory ratio targeting PARP-1 under 20 μM, and further performed binding mode prediction and dynamic effect evaluation by molecular dynamics simulation. Further in vitro assays showed that compounds 8018-6529 and 8018-7168 could inhibit the growth of the human colorectal cancer cell (HCT-116) with IC50 values of 4.30 and 9.29 μM and were accompanied with an induced autophagy process. Taken together, we discover two novel anti-tumor compounds that target PARP-1 with an induced autophagy process and provide potential hit compounds for the anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Shi
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu, ; Danfeng Shi,
| | - Qianqian Pang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Qin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu, ; Danfeng Shi,
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Development of Olaparib-Resistance Prostate Cancer Cell Lines to Identify Mechanisms Associated with Acquired Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163877. [PMID: 36010871 PMCID: PMC9405809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PARP inhibitors (PARPi; olaparib) are presently in clinical trials for advanced prostate cancer (PC). Resistance mechanisms are not fully understood in PC compared to ovarian and breast cancers. Our study aimed to identify new molecular mechanisms that affect acquired olaparib-resistance. We developed new resistant PC cell line models derived from original PC cell lines. We identified that DNA repair, autophagy, and the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) could be potential targets to reverse the acquired olaparib-resistance. Abstract Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) were initially deployed to target breast and ovarian tumors with mutations in DNA damage response genes. Recently, PARPi have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) patients having exhausted conventional therapeutics. Despite demonstrating promising response rates, all patients treated with PARPi eventually develop resistance. However, PARPi resistance in PC is not well understood, and further studies are required to understand PARPi resistance in PC to propose strategies to circumvent resistance. Methods: Starting from well-established olaparib-sensitive PC cell lines (LNCaP, C4-2B and DU145), we derived olaparib-resistant (OR) PC cell lines and performed a microarray analysis. Results: The olaparib IC50 values of OR cell lines increased significantly as compared to the parental cell lines. Gene expression analyses revealed that different pathways, including DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and autophagy, were affected by acquired resistance. A total of 195 and 87 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in all three OR cell lines compared to their parental counterparts. Among these genes, we selected BRCC3, ROCK2 and ATG2B for validation. We showed that ROCK2 expression, basal autophagy and homologous recombination (HR) efficiency were increased in all OR cell lines. Conclusions: Our study provides a new in vitro model to study PARPi resistance in PC and suggests new possible targets to reverse resistance and prolong the benefits of PARPi treatment.
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition as a Promising Approach for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153806. [PMID: 35954469 PMCID: PMC9367559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in men and seventh in women, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most common form (75-85% of primary liver cancer cases) and the most frequent etiology being viral infections (HBV and HCV). In 2020, mortality represented 92% of the incidence-830,180 deaths for 905,677 new cases. Few treatment options exist for advanced or terminal-stage HCC, which will receive systemic therapy or palliative care. Although radiotherapy is used in the treatment of many cancers, it is currently not the treatment of choice for HCC, except in the palliative setting. However, as radiosensitizing drugs, such as inhibitors of DNA repair enzymes, could potentiate the effects of RT in HCC by exploiting the modulation of DNA repair processes found in this tumour type, RT and such drugs could provide a treatment option for HCC. In this review, we provide an overview of PARP1 involvement in DNA damage repair pathway and discuss its potential implication in HCC. In addition, the use of PARP inhibitors and PARP decoys is described for the treatment of HCC and, in particular, in HBV-related HCC.
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Resveratrol sensitizes breast cancer to PARP inhibitor, talazoparib through dual inhibition of AKT and autophagy flux. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115024. [PMID: 35367197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) is largely limited to the homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancers. Therefore, there is a necessity to explore novel drug combinations with PARPi to enhance its anti-cancer activity in HR-proficient cancers. By analysing the patient data in cBioPortal, we found copy number amplification of PARP1 in ∼ 22.8% of breast cancers. PARP1 upregulation has been correlated with unfavourable outcome with PARPi treatment. To overcome this adversity, we explored the effect of resveratrol, a natural molecule chemosensitizer, in enhancing the effects of the third generation PARPi, talazoparib (BMN673), against breast adenocarcinoma. Our results show that resveratrol effectively sensitized talazoparib induced cell death in HR proficient and BRCA wild-type breast cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistically, resveratrol caused dysregulation of cell cycle and enhanced talazoparib-induced double strand breaks (DSBs), leading to abnormal mitotic progression culminating in mitotic catastrophe. Intriguingly, our results showed potential of resveratrol in dual-inhibition of AKT-signalling and autophagy flux to impair HR-mediated DSB-repair in breast cancer cells. By using EGFP-LC3 and tf-LC3 (mRFP-EGFP-LC3) expressing breast cancer cells, we found that resveratrol attenuates fusion of autophagosome and lysosome though induction of lysosomal-membrane-permeabilization (LMP). The combination of resveratrol and talazoparib effectively reduced cell proliferation in the high-density cell proliferation assay and also led to tumour volume reduction in vivo pre-clinical SCID-mice model. The combination caused no or minimal cytotoxicity in three different normal cell lines in vitro. Taken together, our work proposes the usage of resveratrol as a chemosensitizer along with talazoparib for targeting HR-proficient breast cancers in clinical settings.
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Zai W, Hu K, Ye J, Ding J, Huang C, Li Y, Fang Z, Wu M, Wang C, Chen J, Yuan Z. Long-Term Hepatitis B Virus Infection Induces Cytopathic Effects in Primary Human Hepatocytes, and Can Be Partially Reversed by Antiviral Therapy. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0132821. [PMID: 35171034 PMCID: PMC8849052 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01328-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major health burden worldwide. While the immune response has been recognized to play crucial roles in HBV pathogenesis, the direct cytopathic effects of HBV infection and replication on host hepatocytes and the HBV-host interactions are only partially defined due to limited culture systems. Here, based on our recently developed 5 chemical-cultured primary human hepatocytes (5C-PHHs) model that supports long-term HBV infection, we performed multiplexed quantitative analysis of temporal changes of host proteome and transcriptome on PHHs infected by HBV for up to 4 weeks. We showed that metabolic-, complement-, cytoskeleton-, mitochondrial-, and oxidation-related pathways were modulated at transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels during long-term HBV infection, which led to cytopathic effects and could be partially rescued by early, rather than late, nucleot(s)ide analog (NA) administration and could be significantly relieved by blocking viral antigens with RNA interference (RNAi). Overexpression screening of the dysregulated proteins identified a series of host factors that may contribute to pro- or anti-HBV responses of the infected hepatocytes. In conclusion, our results suggest that long-term HBV infection in primary human hepatocytes leads to cytopathic effects through remodeling the proteome and transcriptome and early antiviral treatment may reduce the extent of such effects, indicating a role of virological factors in HBV pathogenesis and a potential benefit of early administration of antiviral treatment. IMPORTANCE Global temporal quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic analysis using long-term hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected primary human hepatocytes uncovered extensive remodeling of the host proteome and transcriptome and revealed cytopathic effects of long-term viral replication. Metabolic-, complement-, cytoskeleton-, mitochondrial-, and oxidation-related pathways were modulated at transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels, which could be partially rescued by early, rather than late, NA therapy and could be relieved by blocking viral antigens with RNAi. Overexpression screening identified a series of pro- or anti-HBV host factors. These data have deepened the understanding of the mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and HBV-host interactions in hepatocytes, with implications for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kongying Hu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong Fang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Research Unit of Cure of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhou Y, Zhao X, Zhang L, Xia Q, Peng Y, Zhang H, Yan D, Yang Z, Li J. Iron overload inhibits cell proliferation and promotes autophagy via PARP1/SIRT1 signaling in endometriosis and adenomyosis. Toxicology 2022; 465:153050. [PMID: 34826546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that excess iron accumulates in endometriotic and adenomyotic lesions. However, the role iron overload plays in the pathogenesis of endometriosis or adenomyosis remains unknown. Primary human eutopic endometrial stromal cells (EuESCs) from endometriosis or adenomyosis patients were used as the in vitro model of endometriosis or adenomyosis in this study. We found that iron, manifesting as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC; 0.05-4.8 mM), significantly inhibited cell growth, induced oxidative stress through the Fenton reaction, and functionally activated autophagy in EuESCs, as measured by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, MitoSOX™ Red staining, LC3 turnover assay, and tandem mCherry-eGFP-LC3B fluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki67 expression in proliferative-phase endometrial tissues revealed that cell proliferation in ectopic tissues was dramatically compromised, suggesting that iron overload may play a role in cell growth inhibition in vivo. We observed that autophagy may alleviate the FAC-induced inhibition of endometrial stromal cell proliferation. Furthermore, sequential FAC (0.8 mM, 24 h) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 300 μM, 2 h) treatment successfully induced the Fenton reaction in EuESCs and caused extensive apoptosis, whereas the disruption of autophagy by the knockdown of BECN1 further aggravated cell death. MitoSOX™ Red staining showed that autophagy may promote the survival of EuESCs by decreasing of the Fenton reaction-induced reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, we observed that the Fenton reaction-induced oxidative stress significantly suppressed iron overload-induced autophagy. Moreover, we found that FAC treatment impaired poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP1) expression while simultaneously upregulating SIRT1 expression in EuESCs. Our data further showed that PARP1 expression decreased in endometriotic lesions, which may partially result from iron overload. We also found that PARP1 inhibition aggravated iron overload-induced cell growth suppression, and was implicated in iron overload-induced autophagy. In addition, SIRT1 silencing alleviated iron overload-induced PARP1 downregulation and autophagy activation. Overall, our data suggest that iron overload in endometrial stromal cells of endometriotic or adenomyotic lesions may be involved in the inhibition of cell proliferation, simultaneously with the activation of protective autophagy via PARP1/SIRT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiumin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangying Peng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dewen Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zaixing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huangyan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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12
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Zhi W, Li S, Wan Y, Wu F, Hong L. Short-term starvation synergistically enhances cytotoxicity of Niraparib via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in ovarian cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35016681 PMCID: PMC8753877 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-term starvation (STS) has gradually been confirmed as a treatment method that synergistically enhances the effect of chemotherapy on malignant tumours. In clinical applications, there are still some limitations of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), including understanding their effectiveness and side effects. Here, we sought to investigate the effect and mechanism of the combined use of STS and niraparib in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Methods In in vitro experiments, SKOV3 and A2780 ovarian cancer cells were treated with STS and niraparib alone or in combination. Cell viability was assessed with CCK-8, and cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and autophagy were examined to explore the molecular mechanisms. Akt and mTOR inhibitors were used to examine any changes in DNA damage repair levels. Xenograft animal models were treated with STS and niraparib, and HE staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to examine the effects. Results The combined use of STS and niraparib inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis more than niraparib application alone. In addition, compared with the niraparib group, the STS + niraparib group had increased G2/M arrest, DNA damage and autophagy, which indicated that STS pretreatment enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In animal experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib. In in vivo experiments, STS did not affect the growth of transplanted tumours, but the combined treatment synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of niraparib and reduced the small intestinal side effects caused by niraparib chemotherapy. Conclusion STS pretreatment can synergistically enhance the cytotoxicity of niraparib. STS + niraparib is a potentially effective strategy in the maintenance therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Suting Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwen Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Guan XY, Guan XL, Jiao ZY. Improving therapeutic resistance: beginning with targeting the tumor microenvironment. J Chemother 2021; 34:492-516. [PMID: 34873999 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2021.2011661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious threat to human health and life. The tumor microenvironment (TME) not only plays a key role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer, but also has a profound impact on treatment resistance. To improve and solve this problem, an increasing number of strategies targeting the TME have been proposed, and great progress has been made in recent years. This article reviews the characteristics and functions of the main matrix components of the TME and the mechanisms by which each component affects drug resistance. Furthermore, this article elaborates on targeting the TME as a strategy to treat acquired drug resistance, reduce tumor metastasis, recurrence, and improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Guan
- Pathology Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao-Li Guan
- General Medicine Department, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zuo-Yi Jiao
- The First Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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15
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Kuo YH, Yen YH, Chen YY, Kee KM, Hung CH, Lu SN, Hu TH, Chen CH, Wang JH. Nivolumab Versus Regorafenib in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Sorafenib Failure. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683341. [PMID: 34136408 PMCID: PMC8201513 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nivolumab and regorafenib are approved second-line therapies for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after sorafenib failure. This study compared the effectiveness of nivolumab and regorafenib following sorafenib. Methods We retrospectively enrolled HCC patients who had undergone nivolumab or regorafenib after sorafenib failure. Treatment response, treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) and clinical outcomes of study patients were recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 90 patients (male/female: 67/23, mean age: 63 years) were enrolled, including 32 patients in the Nivolumab group and 58 patients in the Regorafenib group. The Nivolumab group had better objective response rates (16% vs 6.4%) and disease control rates (44% vs 31.9%) than the Regorafenib group, but there was no statistical difference. The comparison of time to progression (3.0 months vs 2.6 months, p=0.786) and overall survival (OS) (14 months vs 11 months, p = 0.763) between Nivolumab and Regorafenib groups were also insignificant. Regarding number of TRAE incidences, the Nivolumab group was significantly lower than the Regorafenib group (37.5% vs 68%). After cession of nivolumab/regorafenib, 34 patients (37.8%) (Nivolumab group/Regorafenib group: 11/23) could afford the following therapies. Concerning sequential systemic therapies, 17 patients (18.9%) received third-line therapy, whereas six patients (6.7%) could move to fourth-line therapy. In multivariable analysis, patients who achieved disease control were associated with improved OS (hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.46; p<0.001) after adjusting Child-Pugh class and post-treatment. Conclusions After sorafenib failure, using nivolumab or regorafenib both illustrated promising treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hung Kuo
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Yen
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yang Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kwong-Ming Kee
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Hung
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Lu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hui Hu
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chen
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Houng Wang
- Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Kang K, Choi Y, Moon H, You C, Seo M, Kwon G, Yun J, Beck B, Kang K. Epigenomic Analysis of RAD51 ChIP-seq Data Reveals cis-regulatory Elements Associated with Autophagy in Cancer Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112547. [PMID: 34067336 PMCID: PMC8196894 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary RAD51 is a key enzyme involved in homologous recombination during DNA double-strand break repair. However, recent studies suggest that non-canonical roles of RAD51 may exist. The aim of our study was to assess regulatory roles of RAD51 by reanalyzing RAD51 ChIP-seq data in GM12878, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines. We identified 5137, 2611, 7192, and 3498 RAD51-associated cis-regulatory elements in GM12878, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines, respectively. Intriguingly, gene ontology analysis revealed that promoters of the autophagy pathway-related genes were most significantly occupied by RAD51 in all four cell lines, predicting a non-canonical role of RAD51 in regulating autophagy-related genes. Abstract RAD51 is a recombinase that plays a pivotal role in homologous recombination. Although the role of RAD51 in homologous recombination has been extensively studied, it is unclear whether RAD51 can be involved in gene regulation as a co-factor. In this study, we found evidence that RAD51 may contribute to the regulation of genes involved in the autophagy pathway with E-box proteins such as USF1, USF2, and/or MITF in GM12878, HepG2, K562, and MCF-7 cell lines. The canonical USF binding motif (CACGTG) was significantly identified at RAD51-bound cis-regulatory elements in all four cell lines. In addition, genome-wide USF1, USF2, and/or MITF-binding regions significantly coincided with the RAD51-associated cis-regulatory elements in the same cell line. Interestingly, the promoters of genes associated with the autophagy pathway, such as ATG3 and ATG5, were significantly occupied by RAD51 and regulated by RAD51 in HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines. Taken together, these results unveiled a novel role of RAD51 and provided evidence that RAD51-associated cis-regulatory elements could possibly be involved in regulating autophagy-related genes with E-box binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3456 (K.K.); +82-43-261-2295 (K.K.)
| | - Yoonjung Choi
- Deargen Inc., 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34051, Korea; (Y.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Hyeonjin Moon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chaelin You
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (G.K.)
| | - Minjin Seo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Geunho Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (G.K.)
| | - Jahyun Yun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.M.); (M.S.); (J.Y.)
| | - Boram Beck
- Deargen Inc., 193, Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34051, Korea; (Y.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Kyuho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (C.Y.); (G.K.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3456 (K.K.); +82-43-261-2295 (K.K.)
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Lin J. Commentary: Anti-tumor Effect of Oleic Acid in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines via Autophagy Reduction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:677595. [PMID: 33928094 PMCID: PMC8076892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.677595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Lin
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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18
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Targeting autophagy reverses de novo resistance in homologous recombination repair proficient breast cancers to PARP inhibition. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1260-1274. [PMID: 33473172 PMCID: PMC8007595 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) target tumours defective in homologous recombination (HR). Most BRCA-wild-type (WT) HR-proficient breast cancers are intrinsically resistant to PARP inhibitors, e.g., talazoparib. We evaluated the role of autophagy in this de novo resistance and determined the underlying mechanism to overcome this. METHODS Autophagosome formation and autophagic flux were assessed by evaluating endogenous LC3-II levels and ectopic expression of EGFP-LC3 and mRFP-EGFP-LC3 in breast cancer cells. Autophagy-defective cells were generated by genetic depletion of BECN1, ATG5, p62/SQSTM1 and LAMP1 by using CRISPR-Cas9 double nickase system. The response of PARPi was evaluated in autophagy-proficient and -defective breast cancer cells and in xenograft SCID-mice model. RESULTS Pro-survival autophagy was significantly enhanced upon talazoparib treatment in BRCA-WT breast cancer cell lines. Autophagy-deficient cells were hypersensitive to talazoparib. Targeting autophagy synergistically enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of talazoparib in BRCA1-WT breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo xenograft tumour mouse model. Mechanistically, autophagy inhibition by chloroquine promoted deleterious NHEJ mediated DSB-repair, leading to extensive genomic instability and mitotic catastrophe. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy confers de novo resistance to PARP inhibitor, talazoparib. Autophagy inhibition improves the therapeutic outcome of PARPi treatment in preclinical mice model, bearing HR-proficient breast tumours, warranting its usage in the clinical settings.
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Zhang J, Fan J, Zeng X, Nie M, Chen W, Wang Y, Luan J, Zhu Z, Chang X, Ju D, Feng L, Yin K. Targeting the autophagy promoted antitumor effect of T-DM1 on HER2-positive gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:288. [PMID: 33731670 PMCID: PMC7969610 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03349-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate consisted of the HER2-targeted monoclonal antibody trastuzumab and the tubulin inhibitor emtansine, has shown potent therapeutic value in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). However, a clinical trial indicated that T-DM1 exerts a limited effect on HER2-positive gastric cancer (GC), but the underlying mechanism is inconclusive. Our research attempted to reveal the probable mechanism and role of autophagy in T-DM1-treated HER2-positive GC. In this study, our results showed that T-DM1 induced apoptosis and exhibited potent therapeutic efficacy in HER2-positive GC cells. In addition, autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy was markedly activated and exhibited the three characterized gradations of autophagic flux, consisting of the formation of autophagosomes, the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, and the deterioration of autophagosomes in autolysosomes. More importantly, autophagic inhibition by the suppressors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and LY294002 significantly potentiated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HER2-positive GC cells in vitro, while the combined use of LY294002 and T-DM1 elicited potent anti-GC efficacy in vivo. In mechanistic experiments, immunoblot analysis indicated the downregulated levels of Akt, mTOR, and P70S6K and confocal microscopy analysis clearly showed that autophagic inhibition promoted the fusion of T-DM1 molecules with lysosomes in GC cells. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that T-DM1 induced apoptosis as well as cytoprotective autophagy, and autophagic inhibition could potentiate the antitumor effect of T-DM1 on HER2-positive GC. Furthermore, autophagic inhibition might increase the fusion of T-DM1 with lysosomes, which might accelerate the release of the cytotoxic molecule emtansine from the T-DM1 conjugate. These findings highlight a promising therapeutic strategy that combines T-DM1 with an autophagy inhibitor to treat HER-positive GC more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Zeguo Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xusheng Chang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China.
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P. R. China.
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Endoscopy Center, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xinsong Road, Shanghai, 201199, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China.
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21
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The Role of Autophagy in Liver Cancer: Crosstalk in Signaling Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13120432. [PMID: 33260729 PMCID: PMC7760785 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway for degrading cytoplasmic proteins, macromolecules, and organelles. Autophagy-related genes (Atgs) are the core molecular machinery in the control of autophagy, and several major functional groups of Atgs coordinate the entire autophagic process. Autophagy plays a dual role in liver cancer development via several critical signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, AMPK-mTOR, EGF, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, p53, and NF-κB pathways. Here, we review the signaling pathways involved in the cross-talk between autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze the status of the development of novel HCC therapy by targeting the core molecular machinery of autophagy as well as the key signaling pathways. The induction or the inhibition of autophagy by the modulation of signaling pathways can confer therapeutic benefits to patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-link of autophagy and HCC may extend to translational studies that may ultimately lead to novel therapy and regimen formation in HCC treatment.
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22
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Ren H, Bakas NA, Vamos M, Chaikuad A, Limpert AS, Wimer CD, Brun SN, Lambert LJ, Tautz L, Celeridad M, Sheffler DJ, Knapp S, Shaw RJ, Cosford NDP. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of an Orally Active Dual-Specific ULK1/2 Autophagy Inhibitor that Synergizes with the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14609-14625. [PMID: 33200929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of autophagy, the major cellular recycling pathway in mammalian cells, is a promising strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We previously reported SBI-0206965, a small molecule inhibitor of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), which is a key regulator of autophagy initiation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of new dual inhibitors of ULK1 and ULK2 (ULK1/2). One inhibitor, SBP-7455 (compound 26), displayed improved binding affinity for ULK1/2 compared with SBI-0206965, potently inhibited ULK1/2 enzymatic activity in vitro and in cells, reduced the viability of TNBC cells and had oral bioavailability in mice. SBP-7455 inhibited starvation-induced autophagic flux in TNBC cells that were dependent on autophagy for survival and displayed synergistic cytotoxicity with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib against TNBC cells. These data suggest that combining ULK1/2 and PARP inhibition may have clinical utility for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Ren
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicole A Bakas
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mitchell Vamos
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Allison S Limpert
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carina D Wimer
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Lester J Lambert
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lutz Tautz
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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23
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Eloranta K, Cairo S, Liljeström E, Soini T, Kyrönlahti A, Judde JG, Wilson DB, Heikinheimo M, Pihlajoki M. Chloroquine Triggers Cell Death and Inhibits PARPs in Cell Models of Aggressive Hepatoblastoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1138. [PMID: 32766148 PMCID: PMC7379510 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common pediatric liver malignancy. Despite advances in chemotherapeutic regimens and surgical techniques, the survival of patients with advanced HB remains poor, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. Chloroquine (CQ), a drug used to treat malaria and rheumatologic diseases, has been shown to inhibit the growth and survival of various cancer types. We examined the antineoplastic activity of CQ in cell models of aggressive HB. Methods: Seven human HB cell models, all derived from chemoresistant tumors, were cultured as spheroids in the presence of relevant concentrations of CQ. Morphology, viability, and induction of apoptosis were assessed after 48 and 96 h of CQ treatment. Metabolomic analysis and RT-qPCR based Death Pathway Finder array were used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the CQ effect in a 2-dimensional cell culture format. Quantitative western blotting was performed to validate findings at the protein level. Results: CQ had a significant dose and time dependent effect on HB cell viability both in spheroids and in 2-dimensional cell cultures. Following CQ treatment HB spheroids exhibited increased caspase 3/7 activity indicating the induction of apoptotic cell death. Metabolomic profiling demonstrated significant decreases in the concentrations of NAD+ and aspartate in CQ treated cells. In further investigations, oxidation of NAD+ decreased as consequence of CQ treatment and NAD+/NADH balance shifted toward NADH. Aspartate supplementation rescued cells from CQ induced cell death. Additionally, downregulated expression of PARP1 and PARP2 was observed. Conclusions: CQ treatment inhibits cell survival in cell models of aggressive HB, presumably by perturbing NAD+ levels, impairing aspartate bioavailability, and inhibiting PARP expression. CQ thus holds potential as a new agent in the management of HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Eloranta
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Emmi Liljeström
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tea Soini
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antti Kyrönlahti
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - David B Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Markku Heikinheimo
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marjut Pihlajoki
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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24
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Chen W, Zai W, Fan J, Zhang X, Zeng X, Luan J, Wang Y, Shen Y, Wang Z, Dai S, Fang S, Zhao Z, Ju D. Interleukin-22 drives a metabolic adaptive reprogramming to maintain mitochondrial fitness and treat liver injury. Theranostics 2020; 10:5879-5894. [PMID: 32483425 PMCID: PMC7254999 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Interleukin 22 (IL-22) is an epithelial survival cytokine that is at present being explored as therapeutic agents for acute and chronic liver injury. However, its molecular basis of protective activities remains poorly understood. Methods: Here we demonstrate that IL-22 inhibits the deteriorating metabolic states induced by stimuli in hepatocytes. Utilizing cell biological, molecular, and biochemical approaches, we provide evidence that IL-22 promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis and regulates the metabolic reprogramming related transcriptional responses. Results: IL-22 controls metabolic regulators and enzymes activity through the induction of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. The upstream effector lncRNA H19 also participates in the controlling of these metabolic processes in hepatocytes. Importantly, amelioration of liver injury by IL-22 through activation of metabolism relevant signaling and regulation of mitochondrial function are further demonstrated in cisplatin-induced liver injury and steatohepatitis. Conclusions: Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism underscoring the regulation of metabolic profiles of hepatocytes by IL-22 during liver injury, which might provide useful insights from the bench to the clinic in treating and preventing liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto CA 94304, USA
| | - Wenjing Zai
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University
| | - Jiajun Fan
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Luan
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixuan Dai
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si Fang
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tongcheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui 231400, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Minhang Hospital & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Humbert M, Morán M, de la Cruz-Ojeda P, Muntané J, Wiedmer T, Apostolova N, McKenna SL, Velasco G, Balduini W, Eckhart L, Janji B, Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P, Žerovnik E, Langer R, Perren A, Engedal N, Tschan MP. Assessing Autophagy in Archived Tissue or How to Capture Autophagic Flux from a Tissue Snapshot. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E59. [PMID: 32245178 PMCID: PMC7150830 DOI: 10.3390/biology9030059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved degradation mechanism that is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. In human disease, autophagy pathways are frequently deregulated and there is immense interest in targeting autophagy for therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, there is a need to determine autophagic activity in human tissues, an endeavor that is hampered by the fact that autophagy is characterized by the flux of substrates whereas histology informs only about amounts and localization of substrates and regulators at a single timepoint. Despite this challenging task, considerable progress in establishing markers of autophagy has been made in recent years. The importance of establishing clear-cut autophagy markers that can be used for tissue analysis cannot be underestimated. In this review, we attempt to summarize known techniques to quantify autophagy in human tissue and their drawbacks. Furthermore, we provide some recommendations that should be taken into consideration to improve the reliability and the interpretation of autophagy biomarkers in human tissue samples.
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Grants
- none Bernese Cancer League
- none Stiftung für klinisch-experimentelle Tumorforschung
- none Werner and Hedy Berger-Janser Foundation for Cancer Research
- PI14/01085 and PI17/00093 FIS and FEDER funds from the EU
- CPII16/00023 ISCIII and FSE funds
- RTI2018-096748-B-100 the Spanish Minsitry of Science, Innovation and Universities
- none University Professor Training Fellowship, Ministry of Science, Innovation and University, Government of Spain
- PI18/00442 the State Plan for R & D + I2013-2016 and funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- none European Regional Development Fund
- C18/BM/12670304/COMBATIC Luxembourg National Research Fund
- NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE)
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028159 and POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030782 FEDER, through the COMPETE
- none National funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT
- none ARRS - the Slovenian research agency, programme P1-0140: Proteolysis and its regulation
- KFS-3360-02-2014 the Swiss Cancer Research
- KFS-3409-02-2014 the Swiss Cancer Research
- 31003A_173219 Swiss National Science Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Humbert
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - María Morán
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital ‘12 de Octubre’ (‘imas12’), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University “Virgen del Rocío”/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Jordi Muntané
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Hospital University “Virgen del Rocío”/CSIC/University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tabea Wiedmer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Cancer Research at UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Velasco
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Complutense University, and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Balduini
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bassam Janji
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Tumor Immunotherapy and Microenvironment (TIME) Group, Department of Oncology—Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1526 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Eva Žerovnik
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rupert Langer
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Aurel Perren
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (M.M.); (J.M.); (N.A.); (S.L.M.); (G.V.); (W.B.); (L.E.); (B.J.); (B.S.-M.); (P.L.); (E.Ž.); (N.E.)
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (T.W.); (R.L.); (A.P.)
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26
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Tang L, Chen R, Xu X. Synthetic lethality: A promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 476:120-128. [PMID: 32070778 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the main cause of liver cancer-related death, is one of the main cancers in terms of incidence and mortality. However, HCC is difficult to target and develops strong drug resistance. Therefore, a new treatment strategy is urgently needed. The clinical application of the concept of synthetic lethality in recent years provides a new therapeutic direction for the accurate treatment of HCC. Here, we introduce the concept of synthetic lethality, the screening used to study synthetic lethality, and the identified and potential genetic interactions that induce synthetic lethality in HCC. In addition, we propose opportunities and challenges for translating synthetic lethal interactions to the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHFPC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHFPC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China; NHFPC Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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27
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Jankó L, Sári Z, Kovács T, Kis G, Szántó M, Antal M, Juhász G, Bai P. Silencing of PARP2 Blocks Autophagic Degradation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020380. [PMID: 32046043 PMCID: PMC7072353 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-Ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are enzymes that metabolize NAD+. PARP1 and PARP10 were previously implicated in the regulation of autophagy. Here we showed that cytosolic electron-dense particles appear in the cytoplasm of C2C12 myoblasts in which PARP2 is silenced by shRNA. The cytosolic electron-dense bodies resemble autophagic vesicles and, in line with that, we observed an increased number of LC3-positive and Lysotracker-stained vesicles. Silencing of PARP2 did not influence the maximal number of LC3-positive vesicles seen upon chloroquine treatment or serum starvation, suggesting that the absence of PARP2 inhibits autophagic breakdown. Silencing of PARP2 inhibited the activity of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2). Treatment of PARP2-silenced C2C12 cells with AICAR, an AMPK activator, nicotinamide-riboside (an NAD+ precursor), or EX-527 (a SIRT1 inhibitor) decreased the number of LC3-positive vesicles cells to similar levels as in control (scPARP2) cells, suggesting that these pathways inhibit autophagic flux upon PARP2 silencing. We observed a similar increase in the number of LC3 vesicles in primary PARP2 knockout murine embryonic fibroblasts. We provided evidence that the enzymatic activity of PARP2 is important in regulating autophagy. Finally, we showed that the silencing of PARP2 induces myoblast differentiation. Taken together, PARP2 is a positive regulator of autophagic breakdown in mammalian transformed cells and its absence blocks the progression of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jankó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.J.); (Z.S.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Zsanett Sári
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.J.); (Z.S.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Tünde Kovács
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.J.); (Z.S.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Magdolna Szántó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.J.); (Z.S.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (L.J.); (Z.S.); (T.K.); (M.S.)
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-412-345; Fax: +36-52-412-566
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