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Haass-Koffler CL, Sheffler DJ. Neuroscience targets and human studies: future translational efforts in the stress system. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:711-712. [PMID: 36725866 PMCID: PMC10066175 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Haass-Koffler
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Providence, RI, USA.
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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2
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Haass-Koffler CL, Francis TC, Gandhi P, Patel R, Naemuddin M, Nielsen CK, Bartlett SE, Bonci A, Vasile S, Hood BL, Suyama E, Hedrick MP, Smith LH, Limpert AS, Roberto M, Cosford NDP, Sheffler DJ. Development and use of a high-throughput screen to identify novel modulators of the corticotropin releasing factor binding protein. SLAS Discov 2022; 27:448-459. [PMID: 36210051 PMCID: PMC9762412 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress responses are believed to involve corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), its two cognate receptors (CRF1 and CRF2), and the CRF-binding protein (CRFBP). Whereas decades of research has focused on CRF1, the role of CRF2 in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been thoroughly investigated. We have previously reported that CRF2, interacting with a C terminal fragment of CRFBP, CRFBP(10kD), may have a role in the modulation of neuronal activity. However, the mechanism by which CRF interacts with CRFBP(10kD) and CRF2 has not been fully elucidated due to the lack of useful chemical tools to probe CRFBP. METHODS We miniaturized a cell-based assay, where CRFBP(10kD) is fused as a chimera with CRF2, and performed a high-throughput screen (HTS) of 350,000 small molecules to find negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of the CRFBP(10kD)-CRF2 complex. Hits were confirmed by evaluating activity toward parental HEK293 cells, toward CRF2 in the absence of CRFBP(10kD), and toward CRF1 in vitro. Hits were further characterized in ex vivo electrophysiology assays that target: 1) the CRF1+ neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) of CRF1:GFP mice that express GFP under the CRF1 promoter, and 2) the CRF-induced potentiation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic transmission in dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). RESULTS We found that CRFBP(10kD) potentiates CRF-intracellular Ca2+ release specifically via CRF2, indicating that CRFBP may possess excitatory roles in addition to the inhibitory role established by the N-terminal fragment of CRFBP, CRFBP(27kD). We identified novel small molecule CRFBP-CRF2 NAMs that do not alter the CRF1-mediated effects of exogenous CRF but blunt CRF-induced potentiation of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission in dopamine neurons in the VTA, an effect mediated by CRF2 and CRFBP. CONCLUSION These results provide the first evidence of specific roles for CRF2 and CRFBP(10kD) in the modulation of neuronal activity and suggest that CRFBP(10kD)-CRF2 NAMs can be further developed for the treatment of stress-related disorders including alcohol and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina L Haass-Koffler
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health; Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence RI, United States.
| | - T Chase Francis
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Intramural Research Program, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pauravi Gandhi
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Reesha Patel
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Mohammad Naemuddin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carsten K Nielsen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Stefan Vasile
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Becky L Hood
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eigo Suyama
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael P Hedrick
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Layton H Smith
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Allison S Limpert
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; NCI Designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, United States; Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Yue P, Zhu Y, Brotherton-Pleiss C, Fu W, Verma N, Chen J, Nakamura K, Chen W, Chen Y, Alonso-Valenteen F, Mikhael S, Medina-Kauwe L, Kershaw KM, Celeridad M, Pan S, Limpert AS, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Shiao SL, Tius MA, Lopez-Tapia F, Turkson J. Novel potent azetidine-based compounds irreversibly inhibit Stat3 activation and induce antitumor response against human breast tumor growth in vivo. Cancer Lett 2022; 534:215613. [PMID: 35276290 PMCID: PMC9867837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 is a valid anticancer therapeutic target. We have discovered a highly potent chemotype that amplifies the Stat3-inhibitory activity of lead compounds to levels previously unseen. The azetidine-based compounds, including H172 (9f) and H182, irreversibly bind to Stat3 and selectively inhibit Stat3 activity (IC50 0.38-0.98 μM) over Stat1 or Stat5 (IC50 > 15.8 μM) in vitro. Mass spectrometry detected the Stat3 cysteine peptides covalently bound to the azetidine compounds, and the key residues, Cys426 and Cys468, essential for the high potency inhibition, were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. In triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models, treatment with the azetidine compounds inhibited constitutive and ligand-induced Stat3 signaling, and induced loss of viable cells and tumor cell death, compared to no effect on the induction of Janus kinase (JAK)2, Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and other proteins, or weak effects on cells that do not harbor aberrantly-active Stat3. H120 (8e) and H182 as a single agent inhibited growth of TNBC xenografts, and H278 (hydrochloric acid salt of H182) in combination with radiation completely blocked mouse TNBC growth and improved survival in syngeneic models. We identify potent azetidine-based, selective, irreversible Stat3 inhibitors that inhibit TNBC growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peibin Yue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angenes, CA, 90048, USA,Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yinsong Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angenes, CA, 90048, USA,Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Christine Brotherton-Pleiss
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA
| | - Wenzhen Fu
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA
| | - Nagendra Verma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angenes, CA, 90048, USA,Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jasmine Chen
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Kayo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angenes, CA, 90048, USA,Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Felix Alonso-Valenteen
- Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Simoun Mikhael
- Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Lali Medina-Kauwe
- Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Kershaw
- Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Songqin Pan
- W. M. Keck Proteomics Laboratory, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Allison S. Limpert
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Stephen L. Shiao
- Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Marcus A. Tius
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI, 96825, USA
| | - Francisco Lopez-Tapia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angenes, CA, 90048, USA,Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA,Corresponding author. Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. (J. Turkson)
| | - James Turkson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angenes, CA, 90048, USA; Cancer Biology Program, Cedars-Sinai Cancer, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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Bata N, Chaikuad A, Bakas NA, Limpert AS, Lambert LJ, Sheffler DJ, Berger LM, Liu G, Yuan C, Wang L, Peng Y, Dong J, Celeridad M, Layng F, Knapp S, Cosford NDP. Inhibitors of the Hippo Pathway Kinases STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1 Have Utility for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2022; 65:1352-1369. [PMID: 34807584 PMCID: PMC10149138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinases 3 and 4 (STK3 and STK4, respectively) are key components of the Hippo signaling pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and death and provides a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we report the structure-based design of a series of pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as STK3 and STK4 inhibitors. In an initial screen, the compounds exhibited low nanomolar potency against both STK3 and STK4. Crystallization of compound 6 with STK4 revealed two-point hinge binding in the ATP-binding pocket. Further characterization and analysis demonstrated that compound 20 (SBP-3264) specifically inhibited the Hippo signaling pathway in cultured mammalian cells and possessed favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in mice. We show that genetic knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of STK3 and STK4 suppress the proliferation of AML cells in vitro. Thus, SBP-3264 is a valuable chemical probe for understanding the roles of STK3 and STK4 in AML and is a promising candidate for further advancement as a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bata
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max von Lauestrasse 9, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicole A Bakas
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Allison S Limpert
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lester J Lambert
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lena M Berger
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max von Lauestrasse 9, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Guoxiong Liu
- Chemistry Department, Viva Biotech Ltd., 581 Shen Kuo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cunxiang Yuan
- Chemistry Department, Viva Biotech Ltd., 581 Shen Kuo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Wang
- Chemistry Department, Viva Biotech Ltd., 581 Shen Kuo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Chemistry Department, Viva Biotech Ltd., 581 Shen Kuo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Chemistry Department, Viva Biotech Ltd., 581 Shen Kuo Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Fabiana Layng
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Structural Genomics Consortium, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Max von Lauestrasse 9, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Translational cancer network DKTK site Frankfurt/Mainz and Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Curley DE, Webb AE, Sheffler DJ, Haass-Koffler CL. Corticotropin Releasing Factor Binding Protein as a Novel Target to Restore Brain Homeostasis: Lessons Learned From Alcohol Use Disorder Research. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:786855. [PMID: 34912198 PMCID: PMC8667027 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.786855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is well-known to contribute to the development of many psychiatric illnesses including alcohol and substance use disorder (AUD and SUD). The deleterious effects of stress have also been implicated in the acceleration of biological age, and age-related neurodegenerative disease. The physio-pathology of stress is regulated by the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system, the upstream component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Extensive literature has shown that dysregulation of the CRF neuroendocrine system contributes to escalation of alcohol consumption and, similarly, chronic alcohol consumption contributes to disruption of the stress system. The CRF system also represents the central switchboard for regulating homeostasis, and more recent studies have found that stress and aberrations in the CRF pathway are implicated in accelerated aging and age-related neurodegenerative disease. Corticotropin releasing factor binding protein (CRFBP) is a secreted glycoprotein distributed in peripheral tissues and in specific brain regions. It neutralizes the effects of CRF by sequestering free CRF, but may also possess excitatory function by interacting with CRF receptors. CRFBP’s dual role in influencing CRF bioavailability and CRF receptor signaling has been shown to have a major part in the HPA axis response. Therefore, CRFBP may represent a valuable target to treat stress-related illness, including: development of novel medications to treat AUD and restore homeostasis in the aging brain. This narrative review focuses on molecular mechanisms related to the role of CRFBP in the progression of addictive and psychiatric disorders, biological aging, and age-related neurodegenerative disease. We provide an overview of recent studies investigating modulation of this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for AUD and age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallece E Curley
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ashley E Webb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carolina L Haass-Koffler
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Ren H, Bakas NA, Vamos M, Chaikuad A, Limpert AS, Wimer CD, Brun SN, Lambert LJ, Tautz L, Celeridad M, Sheffler DJ, Knapp S, Shaw RJ, Cosford NDP. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of an Orally Active Dual-Specific ULK1/2 Autophagy Inhibitor that Synergizes with the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14609-14625. [PMID: 33200929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of autophagy, the major cellular recycling pathway in mammalian cells, is a promising strategy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We previously reported SBI-0206965, a small molecule inhibitor of unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), which is a key regulator of autophagy initiation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and characterization of new dual inhibitors of ULK1 and ULK2 (ULK1/2). One inhibitor, SBP-7455 (compound 26), displayed improved binding affinity for ULK1/2 compared with SBI-0206965, potently inhibited ULK1/2 enzymatic activity in vitro and in cells, reduced the viability of TNBC cells and had oral bioavailability in mice. SBP-7455 inhibited starvation-induced autophagic flux in TNBC cells that were dependent on autophagy for survival and displayed synergistic cytotoxicity with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib against TNBC cells. These data suggest that combining ULK1/2 and PARP inhibition may have clinical utility for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Ren
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicole A Bakas
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mitchell Vamos
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Apirat Chaikuad
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Allison S Limpert
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Carina D Wimer
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Lester J Lambert
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Lutz Tautz
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Molecules & Structures Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Yamasaki T, Zhang X, Kumata K, Zhang Y, Deng X, Fujinaga M, Chen Z, Mori W, Hu K, Wakizaka H, Hatori A, Xie L, Ogawa M, Nengaki N, Van R, Shao Y, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Liang SH, Zhang MR. Identification and Development of a New Positron Emission Tomography Ligand 4-(2-Fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)picolinamide for Imaging Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 2 (mGlu 2). J Med Chem 2020; 63:11469-11483. [PMID: 32960052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) is a known target for treating several central nervous system (CNS) disorders. To develop a viable positron emission tomography (PET) ligand for mGlu2, we identified new candidates 5a-i that are potent negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of mGlu2. Among these candidates, 4-(2-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-((1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methoxy)picolinamide (5i, also named as [11C]MG2-1812) exhibited high potency, high subtype selectivity, and favorable lipophilicity. Compound 5i was labeled with positron-emitting carbon-11 (11C) to obtain [11C]5i in high radiochemical yield and high molar activity by O-[11C]methylation of the phenol precursor 12 with [11C]CH3I. In vitro autoradiography with [11C]5i showed heterogeneous radioactive accumulation in the brain tissue sections, ranked in the order: cortex > striatum > hippocampus > cerebellum ≫ thalamus > pons. PET study of [11C]5i indicated in vivo specific binding of mGlu2 in the rat brain. Based on the [11C]5i scaffold, further optimization for new candidates is underway to identify a more suitable ligand for imaging mGlu2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Masayuki Fujinaga
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Wakana Mori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Wakizaka
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Masanao Ogawa
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nengaki
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,SHI Accelerator Service, Ltd., 1-17-6 Osaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 141-0032, Japan
| | - Richard Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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8
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Shao T, Van R, Kumata K, Deng X, Fu H, Yamasaki T, Rong J, Hu K, Hatori A, Xie L, Yu Q, Ye W, Xu H, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Shao Y, Tang P, Wang L, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis and preliminary studies of 11C-labeled tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine-2-carboxamides for PET imaging of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. Theranostics 2020; 10:11178-11196. [PMID: 33042277 PMCID: PMC7532674 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGlu2) represents a novel therapeutic approach for treating brain disorders, including schizophrenia, depression, Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), drug abuse and addiction. Imaging mGlu2 using positron emission tomography (PET) would allow for in vivo quantification under physiological and pathological conditions and facilitate drug discovery by enabling target engagement studies. In this paper, we aimed to develop a novel specific radioligand derived from negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) for PET imaging of mGlu2. Methods. A focused small molecule library of mGlu2 NAMs with tetrahydro naphthyridine scaffold was synthesized for pharmacology and physicochemical evaluation. GIRK dose-response assays and CNS panel binding selectivity assays were performed to study the affinity and selectivity of mGlu2 NAMs, among which compounds 14a and 14b were selected as PET ligand candidates. Autoradiography in SD rat brain sections was used to confirm the in vitro binding specificity and selectivity of [11C]14a and [11C]14b towards mGlu2. In vivo binding specificity was then studied by PET imaging. Whole body biodistribution study and radiometabolite analysis were conducted to demonstrate the pharmacokinetic properties of [11C]14b as most promising PET mGlu2 PET ligand. Results. mGlu2 NAMs 14a-14g were synthesized in 14%-20% yields in five steps. NAMs 14a and 14b were selected to be the most promising ligands due to their high affinity in GIRK dose-response assays. [11C]14a and [11C]14b displayed similar heterogeneous distribution by autoradiography, consistent with mGlu2 expression in the brain. While PET imaging study showed good brain permeability for both tracers, compound [11C]14b demonstrated superior binding specificity compared to [11C]14a. Further radiometabolite analysis of [11C]14b showed excellent stability in the brain. Conclusions. Compound 14b exhibited high affinity and excellent subtype selectivity, which was then evaluated by in vitro autoradiography and in vivo PET imaging study after labeling with carbon-11. Ligand [11C]14b, which we named [11C]MG2-1904, demonstrated high brain uptake and excellent in vitro/in vivo specific binding towards mGlu2 with high metabolic stability in the brain. As proof-of-concept, our preliminary work demonstrated a successful example of visualizing mGlu2in vivo derived from NAMs, which represents a promising chemotype for further development and optimization aimed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tuo Shao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Richard Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hualong Fu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Kuan Hu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Qingzhen Yu
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Weijian Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Pingping Tang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, 613 West Huangpu Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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9
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Lambert LJ, Romero C, Sheffler DJ, Celeridad M, Cosford NDP, Tautz L. Assessing Cellular Target Engagement by SHP2 (PTPN11) Phosphatase Inhibitors. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32744526 DOI: 10.3791/61457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src-homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by the PTPN11 proto-oncogene, is a key mediator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-driven cell signaling, promoting cell survival and proliferation. In addition, SHP2 is recruited by immune check point receptors to inhibit B and T cell activation. Aberrant SHP2 function has been implicated in the development, progression, and metastasis of many cancers. Indeed, small molecule SHP2 inhibitors have recently entered clinical trials for the treatment of solid tumors with Ras/Raf/ERK pathway activation, including tumors with some oncogenic Ras mutations. However, the current class of SHP2 inhibitors is not effective against the SHP2 oncogenic variants that occur frequently in leukemias, and the development of specific small molecules that target oncogenic SHP2 is the subject of current research. A common problem with most drug discovery campaigns involving cytosolic proteins like SHP2 is that the primary assays that drive chemical discovery are often in vitro assays that do not report the cellular target engagement of candidate compounds. To provide a platform for measuring cellular target engagement, we developed both wild-type and mutant SHP2 cellular thermal shift assays. These assays reliably detect target engagement of SHP2 inhibitors in cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive protocol of this assay, which provides a valuable tool for the assessment and characterization of SHP2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester J Lambert
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Celeste Romero
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
| | - Lutz Tautz
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute;
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10
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Romero C, Lambert LJ, Sheffler DJ, De Backer LJS, Raveendra-Panickar D, Celeridad M, Grotegut S, Rodiles S, Holleran J, Sergienko E, Pasquale EB, Cosford NDP, Tautz L. A cellular target engagement assay for the characterization of SHP2 (PTPN11) phosphatase inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2601-2613. [PMID: 31953320 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2 is encoded by the proto-oncogene PTPN11 and is a ubiquitously expressed key regulator of cell signaling, acting on a number of cellular processes and components, including the Ras/Raf/Erk, PI3K/Akt, and JAK/STAT pathways and immune checkpoint receptors. Aberrant SHP2 activity has been implicated in all phases of tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Gain-of-function PTPN11 mutations drive oncogenesis in several leukemias and cause developmental disorders with increased risk of malignancy such as Noonan syndrome. Until recently, small molecule-based targeting of SHP2 was hampered by the failure of orthosteric active-site inhibitors to achieve selectivity and potency within a useful therapeutic window. However, new SHP2 allosteric inhibitors with excellent potency and selectivity have sparked renewed interest in the selective targeting of SHP2 and other PTP family members. Crucially, drug discovery campaigns focusing on SHP2 would greatly benefit from the ability to validate the cellular target engagement of candidate inhibitors. Here, we report a cellular thermal shift assay that reliably detects target engagement of SHP2 inhibitors. Using this assay, based on the DiscoverX InCell Pulse enzyme complementation technology, we characterized the binding of several SHP2 allosteric inhibitors in intact cells. Moreover, we demonstrate the robustness and reliability of a 384-well miniaturized version of the assay for the screening of SHP2 inhibitors targeting either WT SHP2 or its oncogenic E76K variant. Finally, we provide an example of the assay's ability to identify and characterize novel compounds with specific cellular potency for either WT or mutant SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Romero
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Lester J Lambert
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Laurent J S De Backer
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dhanya Raveendra-Panickar
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Maria Celeridad
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Stefan Grotegut
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Socorro Rodiles
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John Holleran
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Eduard Sergienko
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Elena B Pasquale
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Lutz Tautz
- Cancer Metabolism & Signaling Networks Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.
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11
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Barnes SA, Sheffler DJ, Semenova S, Cosford NDP, Bespalov A. Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as a Target for the Treatment of Depression and Smoking: Robust Preclinical Data but Inconclusive Clinical Efficacy. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:955-962. [PMID: 29628194 PMCID: PMC5953810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability of novel pharmacological compounds to improve outcomes in preclinical models is often not translated into clinical efficacy. Psychiatric disorders do not have biological boundaries, and identifying mechanisms to improve the translational bottleneck between preclinical and clinical research domains is an important and challenging task. Glutamate transmission is disrupted in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors represent a diverse class of receptors that contribute to excitatory neurotransmission. Given the wide, yet region-specific manner of expression, developing pharmacological compounds to modulate mGlu receptor activity provides an opportunity to subtly and selectively modulate excitatory neurotransmission. This review focuses on the potential involvement of mGlu5 receptor disruption in major depressive disorder and substance and/or alcohol use disorders. We provide an overview of the justification of targeting mGlu5 receptors in the treatment of these disorders, summarize the preclinical evidence for negatively modulating mGlu5 receptors as a therapeutic target for major depressive disorders and nicotine dependence, and highlight the outcomes of recent clinical trials. While the evidence of mGlu5 receptor negative allosteric modulation has been promising in preclinical investigations, these beneficial effects have not translated into clinical efficacy. In this review, we identify key challenges that may contribute to poor clinical translation and provide suggested approaches moving forward to potentially improve the translation from preclinical to clinical domains. Such approaches may increase the success of clinical trials and may reduce the translational bottleneck that exists in drug discovery for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0603, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA,PAREXEL International, 1560 E Chevy Chase Dr, suite 140, Glendale, CA 91206, USA
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anton Bespalov
- EXCIVA, Heidelberg, Germany; Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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12
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Zhang X, Kumata K, Yamasaki T, Cheng R, Hatori A, Ma L, Zhang Y, Xie L, Wang L, Kang HJ, Sheffler DJ, Cosford NDP, Zhang MR, Liang SH. Synthesis and Preliminary Studies of a Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator, 7-((2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[ 11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide, for Imaging of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1937-1948. [PMID: 28565908 PMCID: PMC5607115 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors (mGlu2) are involved in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological modulation of this target represents a potential disease-modifying approach for the treatment of substance abuse, depression, schizophrenia, and dementias. While quantification of mGlu2 receptors in the living brain by positron emission tomography (PET) would help us better understand signaling pathways relevant to these conditions, few successful examples have been demonstrated to image mGlu2 in vivo, and a suitable PET tracer is yet to be identified. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a radiolabeled negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for mGlu2 PET tracer development based on a quinoline 2-carboxamide scaffold. The most promising candidate, 7-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]QCA) was prepared in 13% radiochemical yield (non-decay-corrected at the end of synthesis) with >99% radiochemical purity and >74 GBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol) specific activity. While the tracer showed limited brain uptake (0.3 SUV), probably attributable to effects on PgP/Bcrp efflux pump, in vitro autoradiography studies demonstrated heterogeneous brain distribution and specific binding. Thus, [11C]QCA is a chemical probe that provides the basis for the development of a new generation mGlu2 PET tracers.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/deficiency
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- Adhesins, Escherichia coli
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Autoradiography
- Brain/diagnostic imaging
- Brain/metabolism
- Drug Design
- Humans
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Preliminary Data
- Pyrrolidines/chemistry
- Quinolines/chemistry
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai Unviersity, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Yamasaki
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ran Cheng
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Akiko Hatori
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Longle Ma
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yiding Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Lu Wang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hye Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27515, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Radiopharmaceutics Development, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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13
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Sheffler DJ, Nedelcovych MT, Williams R, Turner SC, Duerk BB, Robbins MR, Jadhav SB, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Nathan Daniels R, Lindsley CW. Corrigendum to "Novel GlyT1 inhibitor chemotypes by scaffold hopping. Part 2: Development of a [3.3.0]-based series and other piperidine bioisosteres" [Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 24 (2014) 1062-1066]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2079. [PMID: 28347668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael T Nedelcovych
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Richard Williams
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Stephen C Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA
| | - Brittany B Duerk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA
| | - Megan R Robbins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA
| | - Sataya B Jadhav
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - R Nathan Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lipscomb University, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Nashville, TN 37024-3951, USA.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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14
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Poksay KS, Sheffler DJ, Spilman P, Campagna J, Jagodzinska B, Descamps O, Gorostiza O, Matalis A, Mullenix M, Bredesen DE, Cosford NDP, John V. Screening for Small Molecule Inhibitors of Statin-Induced APP C-terminal Toxic Fragment Production. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:46. [PMID: 28261092 PMCID: PMC5309220 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuronal and synaptic loss. One process that could contribute to this loss is the intracellular caspase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) resulting in release of the toxic C-terminal 31-amino acid peptide APP-C31 along with the production of APPΔC31, full-length APP minus the C-terminal 31 amino acids. We previously found that a mutation in APP that prevents this caspase cleavage ameliorated synaptic loss and cognitive impairment in a murine AD model. Thus, inhibition of this cleavage is a reasonable target for new therapeutic development. In order to identify small molecules that inhibit the generation of APP-C31, we first used an APPΔC31 cleavage site-specific antibody to develop an AlphaLISA to screen several chemical compound libraries for the level of N-terminal fragment production. This antibody was also used to develop an ELISA for validation studies. In both high throughput screening (HTS) and validation testing, the ability of compounds to inhibit simvastatin- (HTS) or cerivastatin- (validation studies) induced caspase cleavage at the APP-D720 cleavage site was determined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably transfected with wildtype (wt) human APP (CHO-7W). Several compounds, as well as control pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPh, inhibited APPΔC31 production (measured fragment) and rescued cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The effective compounds fell into several classes including SERCA inhibitors, inhibitors of Wnt signaling, and calcium channel antagonists. Further studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of lead compounds - identified here using cells and tissues expressing wt human APP - in mouse models of AD expressing mutated human APP, as well as to identify additional compounds and determine the mechanisms by which they exert their effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Poksay
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Patricia Spilman
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, NovatoCA, USA; Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Jesus Campagna
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Barbara Jagodzinska
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Olivier Descamps
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | - Olivia Gorostiza
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | - Alex Matalis
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato CA, USA
| | | | - Dale E Bredesen
- Bredesen Lab, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, NovatoCA, USA; Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los AngelesCA, USA
| | - Nicholas D P Cosford
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Varghese John
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles CA, USA
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15
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Smith E, Chase P, Niswender CM, Utley TJ, Sheffler DJ, Noetzel MJ, Lamsal A, Wood MR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Madoux F, Acosta M, Scampavia L, Spicer T, Hodder P. Application of Parallel Multiparametric Cell-Based FLIPR Detection Assays for the Identification of Modulators of the Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor 4 (M4). J Biomol Screen 2015; 20:858-68. [PMID: 25877150 PMCID: PMC4659430 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115581770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have long been viewed as viable targets for novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other disorders involving impaired cognitive function. In an attempt to identify orthosteric and allosteric modulators of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M(4) (M(4)), we developed a homogenous, multiparametric, 1536-well assay to measure M(4) receptor agonism, positive allosteric modulation (PAM), and antagonism in a single well. This assay yielded a Z' of 0.85 ± 0.05 in the agonist, 0.72 ± 0.07 in PAM, and 0.80 ± 0.06 in the antagonist mode. Parallel screening of the M(1) and M(5) subtypes using the same multiparametric assay format revealed chemotypes that demonstrate selectivity and/or promiscuity between assays and modalities. This identified 503 M(4) selective primary agonists, 1450 PAMs, and 2389 antagonist hits. Concentration-response analysis identified 25 selective agonists, 4 PAMs, and 41 antagonists. This demonstrates the advantages of this approach to rapidly identify selective receptor modulators while efficiently removing assay artifacts and undesirable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery Smith
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas J Utley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Franck Madoux
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Mary Acosta
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Louis Scampavia
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Timothy Spicer
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Peter Hodder
- The Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
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16
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Zou H, Limpert AS, Zou J, Dembo A, Lee PS, Grant D, Ardecky R, Pinkerton AB, Magnuson GK, Goldman ME, Rong J, Teriete P, Sheffler DJ, Reed JC, Cosford NDP. Benzodiazepinone derivatives protect against endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death in human neuronal cell lines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:464-75. [PMID: 25544056 PMCID: PMC4368043 DOI: 10.1021/cn500297v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress causes neuronal dysfunction followed
by cell death and is recognized as a feature of many neurodegenerative
diseases. Using a phenotypic screen, we recently identified benzodiazepinone
derivatives that reduce ER stress-mediated apoptosis in a rat neuronal
progenitor cell line (CSM14.1). Herein we describe how structure–activity
relationship (SAR) studies around these screening hits led to compounds
that display robust cytoprotective activity against thapsigargin-induced
ER stress in SH-SY5Y and H4 human neuronal cell lines. We demonstrate
that the most potent of these derivatives, compound 4hh, inhibits the activation of p38 MAP kinase (p38) and c-Jun N-terminal
kinase (JNK), protein kinases that are downstream signal effectors
of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Compound 4hh specifically
protects against thapsigargin-induced cell death and displays no protection
against other insults known to induce cellular stress or activate
p38. However, compound 4hh provides moderate inhibition
of p38 activity stimulated by compounds that disrupt calcium homeostasis.
Our data indicate that probe compound 4hh is a valuable
small molecule tool that can be used to investigate the effects of
ER stress on human neurons. This approach may provide the basis for
the future development of therapeutics for the treatment of neurodegenerative
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zou
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Allison S. Limpert
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiwen Zou
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anna Dembo
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Pooi-San Lee
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel Grant
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Robert Ardecky
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gavin K. Magnuson
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mark E. Goldman
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Juan Rong
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peter Teriete
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John C. Reed
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Research Program,
NCI-Designated Cancer Center, and ‡Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical
Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North
Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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17
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Dhanya RP, Sheffler DJ, Dahl R, Davis M, Lee PS, Yang L, Nickols HH, Cho HP, Smith LH, D'Souza MS, Conn PJ, Der-Avakian A, Markou A, Cosford NDP. Design and synthesis of systemically active metabotropic glutamate subtype-2 and -3 (mGlu2/3) receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs): pharmacological characterization and assessment in a rat model of cocaine dependence. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4154-72. [PMID: 24735492 PMCID: PMC4033659 DOI: 10.1021/jm5000563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
![]()
As
part of our ongoing small-molecule metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor
positive allosteric modulator (PAM) research, we performed structure–activity
relationship (SAR) studies around a series of group II mGlu PAMs.
Initial analogues exhibited weak activity as mGlu2 receptor
PAMs and no activity at mGlu3. Compound optimization led
to the identification of potent mGlu2/3 selective PAMs
with no in vitro activity at mGlu1,4–8 or 45 other
CNS receptors. In vitro pharmacological characterization of representative
compound 44 indicated agonist-PAM activity toward mGlu2 and PAM activity at mGlu3. The most potent mGlu2/3 PAMs were characterized in assays predictive of ADME/T
and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, allowing the discovery of systemically
active mGlu2/3 PAMs. On the basis of its overall profile,
compound 74 was selected for behavioral studies and was
shown to dose-dependently decrease cocaine self-administration in
rats after intraperitoneal administration. These mGlu2/3 receptor PAMs have significant potential as small molecule tools
for investigating group II mGlu pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra-Panickar Dhanya
- Cell Death and Survival Networks Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute , 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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18
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Poslusney MS, Melancon BJ, Gentry PR, Sheffler DJ, Bridges TM, Utley TJ, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Wood MR. Spirocyclic replacements for the isatin in the highly selective, muscarinic M1 PAM ML137: the continued optimization of an MLPCN probe molecule. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1860-4. [PMID: 23416001 PMCID: PMC3594472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the further optimization of an MLPCN probe molecule (ML137) through the introduction of 5- and 6-membered spirocycles in place of the isatin ketone. Interestingly divergent structure-activity relationships, when compared to earlier M1 PAMs, are presented. These novel spirocycles possess improved efficacy relative to ML137, while also maintaining high selectivity for the human and rat muscarinic M1 receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Poslusney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick R. Gentry
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J. Utley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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19
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Melancon BJ, Poslusney MS, Gentry PR, Tarr JC, Sheffler DJ, Mattmann ME, Bridges TM, Utley TJ, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Wood MR. Isatin replacements applied to the highly selective, muscarinic M1 PAM ML137: continued optimization of an MLPCN probe molecule. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:412-6. [PMID: 23237839 PMCID: PMC3534865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the continued optimization of an MLPCN probe molecule (ML137) with a focused effort on the replacement/modification of the isatin moiety present in this highly selective M(1) PAM. A diverse range of structures were validated as viable replacements for the isatin, many of which engendered sizeable improvements in their ability to enhance the potency and efficacy of acetylcholine when compared to ML137. Muscarinic receptor subtype selectivity for the M(1) receptor was also maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael S. Poslusney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Patrick R. Gentry
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C. Tarr
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Margrith E. Mattmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J. Utley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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20
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Le U, Melancon BJ, Bridges TM, Vinson PN, Utley TJ, Lamsal A, Rodriguez AL, Venable D, Sheffler DJ, Jones CK, Blobaum AL, Wood MR, Daniels JS, Conn PJ, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Hopkins CR. Discovery of a selective M₄ positive allosteric modulator based on the 3-amino-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide scaffold: development of ML253, a potent and brain penetrant compound that is active in a preclinical model of schizophrenia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:346-50. [PMID: 23177787 PMCID: PMC3535830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report a next generation muscarinic receptor 4 (M(4)) positive allosteric modulator (PAM), ML253 which exhibits nanomolar activity at both the human (EC(50)=56 nM) and rat (EC(50)=176 nM) receptors and excellent efficacy by the left-ward shift of the ACh concentration response curve (fold shift, human=106; rat=50). In addition, ML253 is selective against the four other muscarinic subtypes, displays excellent CNS exposure and is active in an amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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21
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Sheffler DJ, Sevel C, Le U, Lovell KM, Tarr JC, Carrington SJS, Cho HP, Digby GJ, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Hopkins CR, Wood MR, Lindsley CW. Further exploration of M₁ allosteric agonists: subtle structural changes abolish M₁ allosteric agonism and result in pan-mAChR orthosteric antagonism. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:223-7. [PMID: 23200253 PMCID: PMC3525729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the further exploration of two series of M(1) allosteric agonists, TBPB and VU0357017, previously reported from our lab. Within the TPBP scaffold, either electronic or steric perturbations to the central piperidine ring led to a loss of selective M(1) allosteric agonism and afforded pan-mAChR antagonism, which was demonstrated to be mediated via the orthosteric site. Additional SAR around a related M(1) allosteric agonist family (VU0357017) identified similar, subtle 'molecular switches' that modulated modes of pharmacology from allosteric agonism to pan-mAChR orthosteric antagonism. Therefore, all of these ligands are best classified as bi-topic ligands that possess high affinity binding at an allosteric site to engender selective M(1) activation, but all bind, at higher concentrations, to the orthosteric ACh site, leading to non-selective orthosteric site binding and mAChR antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Christian Sevel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Uyen Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Lovell
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C. Tarr
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheridan J. S. Carrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory J. Digby
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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22
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Digby GJ, Utley TJ, Lamsal A, Sevel C, Sheffler DJ, Lebois EP, Bridges TM, Wood MR, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ. Chemical modification of the M(1) agonist VU0364572 reveals molecular switches in pharmacology and a bitopic binding mode. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:1025-36. [PMID: 23259038 PMCID: PMC3526969 DOI: 10.1021/cn300103e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery of VU0364572 and VU0357017 as M(1)-selective agonists that appear to activate M(1) through actions at an allosteric site. Previous studies have revealed that chemical scaffolds for many allosteric modulators contain molecular switches that allow discovery of allosteric antagonists and allosteric agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a single chemical scaffold. Based on this, we initiated a series of studies to develop selective M(1) allosteric antagonists based on the VU0364572 scaffold. Interestingly, two lead antagonists identified in this series, VU0409774 and VU0409775, inhibited ACh-induced Ca(2+) responses at rat M(1-5) receptor subtypes, suggesting they are nonselective muscarinic antagonists. VU0409774 and VU0409775 also completely displaced binding of the nonselective radioligand [(3)H]-NMS at M(1) and M(3) mAChRs with affinities similar to their functional IC(50) values. Finally, Schild analysis revealed that these compounds inhibit M(1) responses through a fully competitive interaction at the orthosteric binding site. This surprising finding prompted further studies to determine whether agonist activity of VU0364572 and VU0357017 may also engage in previously unappreciated actions at the orthosteric site on M(1). Surprisingly, both VU0364572 and VU0357017 completely displaced [(3)H]-NMS binding to the orthosteric site of M(1)-M(5) receptors at high concentrations. Furthermore, evaluation of agonist activity in systems with varying levels of receptor reserve and Furchgott analysis using a cell line expressing M(1) under control of an inducible promotor was consistent with an action of these compounds as weak orthosteric partial agonists of M(1). However, consistent with previous studies suggesting actions at a site that is distinct from the orthosteric binding site, VU0364572 or VU0357017 slowed the rate of [(3)H]-NMS dissociation from CHO-rM(1) membranes. Together, these results suggest that VU0364572 and VU0357017 act as bitopic ligands and that novel antagonists in this series act as competitive orthosteric site antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Digby
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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23
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Tarr JC, Turlington ML, Reid PR, Utley TJ, Sheffler DJ, Cho HP, Klar R, Pancani T, Klein M, Bridges T, Morrison R, Blobaum A, Xiang Z, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Wood MR, Lindsley CW. Targeting selective activation of M(1) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: further chemical optimization and pharmacological characterization of the M(1) positive allosteric modulator ML169. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:884-95. [PMID: 23173069 PMCID: PMC3503349 DOI: 10.1021/cn300068s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The M(1) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor is thought to play an important role in memory and cognition, making it a potential target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Moreover, M(1) interacts with BACE1 and regulates its proteosomal degradation, suggesting selective M(1) activation could afford both palliative cognitive benefit as well as disease modification in AD. A key challenge in targeting the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is achieving mAChR subtype selectivity. Our lab has previously reported the M(1) selective positive allosteric modulator ML169. Herein we describe our efforts to further optimize this lead compound by preparing analogue libraries and probing novel scaffolds. We were able to identify several analogues that possessed submicromolar potency, with our best example displaying an EC(50) of 310 nM. The new compounds maintained complete selectivity for the M(1) receptor over the other subtypes (M(2)-M(5)), displayed improved DMPK profiles, and potentiated the carbachol (CCh)-induced excitation in striatal MSNs. Selected analogues were able to potentiate CCh-mediated nonamyloidogenic APPsα release, further strengthening the concept that M(1) PAMs may afford a disease-modifying role in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C. Tarr
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Mark L. Turlington
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Paul R. Reid
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Thomas J. Utley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Rebecca Klar
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Tristano Pancani
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Michael
T. Klein
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Thomas
M. Bridges
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Ryan
D. Morrison
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Anna
L. Blobaum
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Zixui Xiang
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized
Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical
Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt
University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232,
United States
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24
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Poslusney MS, Sevel C, Utley TJ, Bridges TM, Morrison RD, Kett NR, Sheffler DJ, Niswender CM, Daniels JS, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Wood MR. Synthesis and biological characterization of a series of novel diaryl amide M₁ antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6923-8. [PMID: 23062550 PMCID: PMC3897205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a combination of high-throughput and multi-step synthesis, SAR in a novel series of M(1) acetylcholine receptor antagonists was rapidly established. The efforts led to the discovery the highly potent M(1) antagonists 6 (VU0431263), and 8f (VU0433670). Functional Schild analysis and radioligand displacement experiments demonstrated the competitive, orthosteric binding of these compounds; human selectivity data are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Poslusney
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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25
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Sidique S, Dhanya RP, Sheffler DJ, Nickols HH, Yang L, Dahl R, Mangravita-Novo A, Smith LH, D'Souza MS, Semenova S, Conn PJ, Markou A, Cosford NDP. Orally active metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 receptor positive allosteric modulators: structure-activity relationships and assessment in a rat model of nicotine dependence. J Med Chem 2012; 55:9434-45. [PMID: 23009245 DOI: 10.1021/jm3005306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that modulate metabotropic glutamate subtype 2 (mGlu(2)) receptors have the potential to treat several disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) including drug dependence. Herein we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies around a series of mGlu(2) receptor positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). The effects of N-substitution (R(1)) and substitutions on the aryl ring (R(2)) were identified as key areas for SAR exploration (Figure 3). Investigation of the effects of varying substituents in both the isoindolinone (2) and benzisothiazolone (3) series led to compounds with improved in vitro potency and/or efficacy. In addition, several analogues exhibited promising pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Furthermore, compound 2 was shown to dose-dependently decrease nicotine self-administration in rats following oral administration. Our data, showing for the first time efficacy of an mGlu(2) receptor PAM in this in vivo model, suggest potential utility for the treatment of nicotine dependence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyama Sidique
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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26
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Conrad KL, Davis AR, Silberman Y, Sheffler DJ, Shields AD, Saleh SA, Sen N, Matthies HJG, Javitch JA, Lindsley CW, Winder DG. Yohimbine depresses excitatory transmission in BNST and impairs extinction of cocaine place preference through orexin-dependent, norepinephrine-independent processes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:2253-66. [PMID: 22617356 PMCID: PMC3422490 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The alpha2 adrenergic receptor (α(2)-AR) antagonist yohimbine is a widely used tool for the study of anxiogenesis and stress-induced drug-seeking behavior. We previously demonstrated that yohimbine paradoxically depresses excitatory transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a region critical to the integration of stress and reward pathways, and produces an impairment of extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference (cocaine-CPP) independent of α(2)-AR signaling. Recent studies show yohimbine-induced drug-seeking behavior is attenuated by orexin receptor 1 (OX(1)R) antagonists. Moreover, yohimbine-induced cocaine-seeking behavior is BNST-dependent. Here, we investigated yohimbine-orexin interactions. Our results demonstrate yohimbine-induced depression of excitatory transmission in the BNST is unaffected by alpha1-AR and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 (CRFR(1)) antagonists, but is (1) blocked by OxR antagonists and (2) absent in brain slices from orexin knockout mice. Although the actions of yohimbine were not mimicked by the norepinephrine transporter blocker reboxetine, they were by exogenously applied orexin A. We find that, as with yohimbine, orexin A depression of excitatory transmission in BNST is OX(1)R-dependent. Finally, we find these ex vivo effects are paralleled in vivo, as yohimbine-induced impairment of cocaine-CPP extinction is blocked by a systemically administered OX(1)R antagonist. These data highlight a new mechanism for orexin on excitatory anxiety circuits and demonstrate that some of the actions of yohimbine may be directly dependent upon orexin signaling and independent of norepinephrine and CRF in the BNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Conrad
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Adeola R Davis
- Department of Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yuval Silberman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Angela D Shields
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sam A Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Namita Sen
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Recognition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heinrich JG Matthies
- Department of Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular Recognition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danny G Winder
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Tel: +1 615 322 1144, Fax: +1 615 322 1462, E-mail:
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27
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Melancon BJ, Utley TJ, Sevel C, Mattmann ME, Cheung YY, Bridges TM, Morrison RD, Sheffler DJ, Niswender CM, Daniels JS, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Wood MR. Development of novel M1 antagonist scaffolds through the continued optimization of the MLPCN probe ML012. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5035-40. [PMID: 22749871 PMCID: PMC3883446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This Paper describes the continued optimization of an MLPCN probe molecule M(1) antagonist (ML012) through an iterative parallel synthesis approach. After several rounds of modifications of the parent compound, we arrived at a new azetidine scaffold that displayed improved potency while maintaining a desirable level of selectivity over other muscarinic receptor subtypes. Data for representative molecules 7w (VU0452865) and 12a (VU0455691) are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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28
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Salovich JM, Vinson PN, Sheffler DJ, Lamsal A, Utley TJ, Blobaum AL, Bridges TM, Le U, Jones CK, Wood MR, Daniels JS, Conn PJ, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Hopkins CR. Discovery of N-(4-methoxy-7-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)isonicatinamide, ML293, as a novel, selective and brain penetrant positive allosteric modulator of the muscarinic 4 (M4) receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5084-8. [PMID: 22738637 PMCID: PMC3401285 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery and development of a novel class of M(4) positive allosteric modulators, culminating in the discovery of ML293. ML293 exhibited modest potency at the human M4 receptor (EC(50)=1.3 μM) and excellent efficacy as noted by the 14.6-fold leftward shift of the agonist concentration-response curve. ML293 was also selective versus the other muscarinic subtypes and displayed excellent in vivo PK properties in rat with low IV clearance (11.6 mL/min/kg) and excellent brain exposure (PO PBL, 10 mg/kg at 1h, [Brain]=10.3 μM, B:P=0.85).
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Salovich
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N. Vinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Atin Lamsal
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J. Utley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Uyen Le
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Corey R. Hopkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, US
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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29
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Sheffler DJ, Wenthur CJ, Bruner JA, Carrington SJ, Vinson PN, Gogi KK, Blobaum AL, Morrison RD, Vamos M, Cosford NDP, Stauffer SR, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Development of a novel, CNS-penetrant, metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3) NAM probe (ML289) derived from a closely related mGlu5 PAM. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3921-5. [PMID: 22607673 PMCID: PMC3365510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery and SAR of a novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu(3)) NAM probe (ML289) with 15-fold selectivity versus mGlu(2). The mGlu(3) NAM was discovered via a 'molecular switch' from a closely related, potent mGlu(5) positive allosteric modulator (PAM), VU0092273. This NAM (VU0463597, ML289) displays an IC(50) value of 0.66 μM and is inactive against mGlu(5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Cody J. Wenthur
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joshua A. Bruner
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sheridan J.S. Carrington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N. Vinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kiran K. Gogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan D. Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mitchell Vamos
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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30
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Melancon BJ, Lamers AP, Bridges TM, Sulikowski GA, Utley TJ, Sheffler DJ, Noetzel MJ, Morrison RD, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Wood MR. Development of a more highly selective M(1) antagonist from the continued optimization of the MLPCN Probe ML012. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:1044-8. [PMID: 22197142 PMCID: PMC3434972 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the continued optimization of an MLPCN probe molecule (ML012) through an iterative parallel synthesis approach. After exploring extensive modifications throughout the parent structure, we arrived at a more highly M(1)-selective antagonist, compound 13l (VU0415248). Muscarinic subtype selectivity across all five human and rat receptors for 13l, along with rat selectivity for the lead compound (ML012), is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce J. Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alexander P. Lamers
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gary A. Sulikowski
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J. Utley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J. Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan D. Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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31
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Lebois EP, Digby GJ, Sheffler DJ, Melancon BJ, Tarr JC, Cho HP, Miller NR, Morrison R, Bridges TM, Xiang Z, Daniels JS, Wood MR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Development of a highly selective, orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant M1 agonist derived from the MLPCN probe ML071. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6451-5. [PMID: 21930376 PMCID: PMC3190051 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery and SAR of a novel series of M(1) agonists based on the MLPCN probe, ML071. From this, VU0364572 emerged as a potent, orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant M(1) agonist with high selectivity, clean ancillary pharmacology and enantiospecific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Lebois
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory J. Digby
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J. Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C. Tarr
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P. Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Ryan Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R. Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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32
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Sheffler DJ, Pinkerton AB, Dahl R, Markou A, Cosford NDP. Recent progress in the synthesis and characterization of group II metabotropic glutamate receptor allosteric modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2011; 2:382-93. [PMID: 22860167 DOI: 10.1021/cn200008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors consist of the metabotropic glutamate 2 (mGlu(2)) and metabotropic glutamate 3 (mGlu(3)) receptor subtypes which modulate glutamate transmission by second messenger activation to negatively regulate the activity of adenylyl cyclase. Excessive accumulation of glutamate in the perisynaptic extracellular region triggers mGlu(2) and mGlu(3) receptors to inhibit further release of glutamate. There is growing evidence that the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission by small molecule modulators of Group II mGlu receptors has significant potential for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of recent progress on the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of positive and negative allosteric modulators of the Group II mGlu receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anthony B. Pinkerton
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Russell Dahl
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nicholas D. P. Cosford
- Apoptosis and Cell Death Research Program and Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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33
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Reid PR, Bridges TM, Sheffler DJ, Cho HP, Lewis LM, Days E, Daniels JS, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Weaver CD, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Wood MR. Discovery and optimization of a novel, selective and brain penetrant M1 positive allosteric modulator (PAM): the development of ML169, an MLPCN probe. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2697-701. [PMID: 21194936 PMCID: PMC3082000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes a chemical lead optimization campaign directed at VU0108370, a weak M(1) PAM hit with a novel chemical scaffold from a functional HTS screen within the MLPCN. An iterative parallel synthesis approach rapidly established SAR for this series and afforded VU0405652 (ML169), a potent, selective and brain penetrant M(1) PAM with an in vitro profile comparable to the prototypical M(1) PAM, BQCA, but with an improved brain to plasma ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Reid
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology/Chemical Synthesis Core, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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34
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Abstract
The development of receptor subtype-selective ligands by targeting allosteric sites of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has proven highly successful in recent years. One GPCR family that has greatly benefited from this approach is the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus). These family C GPCRs participate in the neuromodulatory actions of glutamate throughout the CNS, where they play a number of key roles in regulating synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. A large number of mGlu subtype-selective allosteric modulators have been identified, the majority of which are thought to bind within the transmembrane regions of the receptor. These modulators can either enhance or inhibit mGlu functional responses and, together with mGlu knockout mice, have furthered the establishment of the physiologic roles of many mGlu subtypes. Numerous pharmacological and receptor mutagenesis studies have been aimed at providing a greater mechanistic understanding of the interaction of mGlu allosteric modulators with the receptor, which have revealed evidence for common allosteric binding sites across multiple mGlu subtypes and the presence for multiple allosteric sites within a single mGlu subtype. Recent data have also revealed that mGlu allosteric modulators can display functional selectivity toward particular signal transduction cascades downstream of an individual mGlu subtype. Studies continue to validate the therapeutic utility of mGlu allosteric modulators as a potential therapeutic approach for a number of disorders including anxiety, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Fragile X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Dhanya RP, Sidique S, Sheffler DJ, Nickols HH, Herath A, Yang L, Dahl R, Ardecky R, Semenova S, Markou A, Conn PJ, Cosford NDP. Design and synthesis of an orally active metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-2 (mGluR2) positive allosteric modulator (PAM) that decreases cocaine self-administration in rats. J Med Chem 2010; 54:342-53. [PMID: 21155570 DOI: 10.1021/jm1012165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The modification of 3'-((2-cyclopentyl-6,7-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yloxy)methyl)biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid (BINA, 1) by incorporating heteroatoms into the structure and replacing the cyclopentyl moiety led to the development of new mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with optimized potency and superior druglike properties. These analogues are more potent than 1 in vitro and are highly selective for mGluR2 vs other mGluR subtypes. They have significantly improved pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, with excellent oral bioavailability and brain penetration. The benzisothiazol-3-one derivative 14 decreased cocaine self-administration in rats, providing proof-of-concept for the use of mGluR2 PAMs for the treatment of cocaine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendra-Panickar Dhanya
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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36
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Weaver CD, Sheffler DJ, Lewis LM, Bridges TM, Williams R, Nalywajko NT, Kennedy JP, Mulder MM, Jadhav S, Aldrich LA, Jones CK, Marlo JE, Niswender CM, Mock MM, Zheng F, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Discovery and development of a potent and highly selective small molecule muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype I (mAChR 1 or M1) antagonist in vitro and in vivo probe. Curr Top Med Chem 2010; 9:1217-26. [PMID: 19807667 DOI: 10.2174/156802609789753635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the discovery and development of the first highly selective, small molecule antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype I (mAChR1 or M(1)). An M(1) functional, cell-based calcium-mobilization assay identified three distinct chemical series with initial selectivity for M(1) versus M(4). An iterative parallel synthesis approach was employed to optimize all three series in parallel, which led to the development of novel microwave-assisted chemistry and provided important take home lessons for probe development projects. Ultimately, this effort produced VU0255035, a potent (IC(50) = 130 nM) and selective (>75-fold vs. M(2)-M(5) and > 10 microM vs. a panel of 75 GPCRs, ion channels and transporters) small molecule M(1) antagonist. Further profiling demonstrated that VU0255035 was centrally penetrant (Brain(AUC)/Plasma(AUC) of 0.48) and active in vivo, rendering it acceptable as both an in vitro and in vivo MLSCN/ MLPCN probe molecule for studying and dissecting M(1) function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Weaver
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
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37
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Jin X, Semenova S, Yang L, Ardecky R, Sheffler DJ, Dahl R, Conn PJ, Cosford NDP, Markou A. The mGluR2 positive allosteric modulator BINA decreases cocaine self-administration and cue-induced cocaine-seeking and counteracts cocaine-induced enhancement of brain reward function in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:2021-36. [PMID: 20555310 PMCID: PMC2922422 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2/3 (mGluR2/3) agonists were shown previously to nonselectively decrease both cocaine- and food-maintained responding in rats. mGluR2 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) may represent improved therapeutic compounds because of their modulatory properties and higher selectivity for mGluR2. We analyzed the effects of the selective, brain penetrant, and systemically active mGluR2 PAM potassium 3'-([(2-cyclopentyl-6-7-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)oxy]methyl)biphenyl l-4-carboxylate (BINA) and the mGluR2/3 agonist LY379268 on intravenous cocaine self-administration and cocaine-seeking behavior in rats that had short (1 h, ShA) or long (6 h, LgA) access to cocaine. The effects of BINA on food responding and food-seeking behavior were also analyzed. Finally, we examined the effects of BINA on brain reward function and cocaine-induced reward enhancement using the intracranial self-stimulation procedure. BINA decreased cocaine self-administration in both ShA and LgA rats, with no effect on food self-administration. Alternatively, LY379268 nonselectively decreased both cocaine and food self-administration. BINA decreased cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking with no effect on food seeking. The cocaine-induced enhancement of brain reward function was blocked by BINA, although the highest doses of BINA decreased brain reward function when administered alone, suggesting additive, rather than interactive, effects of BINA and cocaine. In conclusion, BINA attenuated the reinforcing and counteracted the reward-enhancing effects of cocaine and decreased cue-induced cocaine-seeking behavior, without affecting behaviors motivated by food reinforcement. The higher selectivity of BINA compared with an mGluR2/3 agonist for drug- vs food-motivated behaviors suggests a therapeutic role for mGluR2 PAMs for the treatment of cocaine addiction and possibly other drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Li Yang
- Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Ardecky
- Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Russell Dahl
- Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicholas DP Cosford
- Program on Apoptosis and Cell Death, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, M/C 0603, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0603, USA, Tel: +1 858 534 1572, Fax: +1 858 534 9917, E-mail:
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Strachan RT, Allen JA, Sheffler DJ, Roth BL. p90 Ribosomal S6 kinase 2, a novel GPCR kinase, is required for growth factor-mediated attenuation of GPCR signaling. Biochemistry 2010; 49:2657-71. [PMID: 20136148 DOI: 10.1021/bi901921k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily (GPCR) and plays a key role in transducing a variety of cellular signals elicited by serotonin (5-HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in both peripheral and central tissues. Recently, we discovered that the ERK/MAPK effector p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) phosphorylates the 5-HT(2A) receptor and attenuates 5-HT(2A) receptor signaling. This raised the intriguing possibility of a regulatory paradigm whereby receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) attenuate GPCR signaling (i.e., "inhibitory cross-talk") by activating RSK2 [Strachan et al. (2009) J. Biol. Chem. 284, 5557-5573]. We report here that activation of multiple endogenous RTKs such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and ErbB4 significantly attenuates 5-HT(2A) receptor signaling in a variety of cell types including mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (mVSMCs), and primary cortical neurons. Importantly, genetic deletion of RSK2 completely prevented signal attenuation, thereby suggesting that RSK2 is a critical mediator of inhibitory cross-talk between RTKs and 5-HT(2A) receptors. We also discovered that P2Y purinergic receptor signaling was similarly attenuated following EGFR activation. By directly testing multiple endogenous growth factors/RTK pathways and multiple Gq-coupled GPCRs, we have now established a cellular mechanism whereby RTK signaling cascades act via RSK2 to attenuate GPCR signaling. Given the pervasiveness of growth factor signaling, this novel regulatory mechanism has the potential to explain how 5-HT(2A) receptors are regulated in vivo, with potential implications for human diseases in which 5-HT(2A) or RTK activity is altered (e.g., neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Strachan
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Sheffler DJ, Williams R, Bridges TM, Xiang Z, Kane AS, Byun NE, Jadhav S, Mock MM, Zheng F, Lewis LM, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Weaver CD, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ. A novel selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype 1 antagonist reduces seizures without impairing hippocampus-dependent learning. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:356-68. [PMID: 19407080 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.056531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that selective antagonists of specific subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) may provide a novel approach for the treatment of certain central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including epileptic disorders, Parkinson's disease, and dystonia. Unfortunately, previously reported antagonists are not highly selective for specific mAChR subtypes, making it difficult to definitively establish the functional roles and therapeutic potential for individual subtypes of this receptor subfamily. The M(1) mAChR is of particular interest as a potential target for treatment of CNS disorders. We now report the discovery of a novel selective antagonist of M(1) mAChRs, termed VU0255035 [N-(3-oxo-3-(4-(pyridine-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4 sulfonamide]. Equilibrium radioligand binding and functional studies demonstrate a greater than 75-fold selectivity of VU0255035 for M(1) mAChRs relative to M(2)-M(5). Molecular pharmacology and mutagenesis studies indicate that VU0255035 is a competitive orthosteric antagonist of M(1) mAChRs, a surprising finding given the high level of M(1) mAChR selectivity relative to other orthosteric antagonists. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrate that VU0255035 inhibits potentiation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor currents by the muscarinic agonist carbachol in hippocampal pyramidal cells. VU0255035 has excellent brain penetration in vivo and is efficacious in reducing pilocarpine-induced seizures in mice. We were surprised to find that doses of VU0255035 that reduce pilocarpine-induced seizures do not induce deficits in contextual freezing, a measure of hippocampus-dependent learning that is disrupted by nonselective mAChR antagonists. Taken together, these data suggest that selective antagonists of M(1) mAChRs do not induce the severe cognitive deficits seen with nonselective mAChR antagonists and could provide a novel approach for the treatment certain of CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Strachan RT, Sheffler DJ, Willard B, Kinter M, Kiselar JG, Roth BL. Ribosomal S6 kinase 2 directly phosphorylates the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT2A) serotonin receptor, thereby modulating 5-HT2A signaling. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:5557-73. [PMID: 19103592 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805705200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor is a member of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily (GPCR) and plays a key role in transducing a variety of cellular signals elicited by 5-hydroxytryptamine in both peripheral and central tissues. Despite its broad physiological importance, our current understanding of 5-HT(2A) receptor regulation is incomplete. We recently reported the novel finding that the multifunctional ERK effector ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) physically interacts with the 5-HT(2A) receptor third intracellular (i3) loop and modulates receptor signaling (Sheffler, D. J., Kroeze, W. K., Garcia, B. G., Deutch, A. Y., Hufeisen, S. J., Leahy, P., Bruning, J. C., and Roth, B. L. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, 4717-4722). We report here that RSK2 directly phosphorylates the 5-HT(2A) receptor i3 loop at the conserved residue Ser-314, thereby modulating 5-HT(2A) receptor signaling. Furthermore, these studies led to the discovery that RSK2 is required for epidermal growth factor-mediated heterologous desensitization of the 5-HT(2A) receptor. We arrived at these conclusions via multiple lines of evidence, including in vitro kinase experiments, tandem mass spectrometry, and site-directed mutagenesis. Our findings were further validated using phospho-specific Western blot analysis, metabolic labeling studies, and whole-cell signaling experiments. These results support a novel regulatory mechanism in which a downstream effector of the ERK/MAPK pathway directly interacts with, phosphorylates, and modulates signaling of the 5-HT(2A) serotonin receptor. To our knowledge, these findings are the first to demonstrate that a downstream member of the ERK/MAPK cascade phosphorylates a GPCR as well as mediates cross-talk between a growth factor and a GPCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Strachan
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Sheffler DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric potentiators of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 1a differentially modulate independent signaling pathways in baby hamster kidney cells. Neuropharmacology 2008; 55:419-27. [PMID: 18625258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that subtype specific activators of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have exciting potential for the development of novel treatment strategies for numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders. A number of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been identified that are highly selective for mGluR1, including the compounds Ro 01-6128, Ro 67-4853, and Ro 67-7476. These PAMs have been previously found to interact with a site distinct from that of negative allosteric modulators (NAMs), typified by R214127. These mGluR1 PAMs do not have an effect on baseline calcium levels but induce leftward shifts in the concentration-response of mGluR1 to agonists. However, their effects on a variety of signaling pathways and their mechanism of action have not been fully explored and are of critical importance for further development of mGluR1 allosteric modulators as novel drugs. In baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, mGluR1 activates calcium mobilization, cAMP production, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation; signaling cascades which are distinct and differentially regulated. In contrast to their effects on calcium mobilization, these compounds were found to activate ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the absence of exogenously added agonist, an effect that was fully blocked by both orthosteric (LY341495) and allosteric (R214127) mGluR1 antagonists. The mGluR1 PAMs were also found to activate cAMP production in the absence of agonist. Thus, these mGluR1 PAMs have qualitatively different effects on a variety of mGluR1-mediated signal transduction cascades. Together, these data provide further evidence that allosteric compounds can differentially modulate the coupling of a single receptor to independent signaling pathways or act in a system-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Program in Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
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Sheffler DJ, Kroeze WK, Garcia BG, Deutch AY, Hufeisen SJ, Leahy P, Brüning JC, Roth BL. p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 exerts a tonic brake on G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4717-22. [PMID: 16537434 PMCID: PMC1450237 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600585103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential for normal central CNS function and represent the proximal site(s) of action for most neurotransmitters and many therapeutic drugs, including typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Similarly, protein kinases mediate many of the downstream actions for both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors. We report here that genetic deletion of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) potentiates GPCR signaling. Initial studies of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(2A) receptor signaling in fibroblasts obtained from RSK2 wild-type (+/+) and knockout (-/-) mice showed that 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and both basal and 5-HT-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation are augmented in RSK2 knockout fibroblasts. Endogenous signaling by other GPCRs, including P2Y-purinergic, PAR-1-thrombinergic, beta1-adrenergic, and bradykinin-B receptors, was also potentiated in RSK2-deficient fibroblasts. Importantly, reintroduction of RSK2 into RSK2-/- fibroblasts normalized signaling, thus demonstrating that RSK2 apparently modulates GPCR signaling by exerting a "tonic brake" on GPCR signal transduction. Our results imply the existence of a novel pathway regulating GPCR signaling, modulated by downstream members of the extracellular signal-related kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. The loss of RSK2 activity in humans leads to Coffin-Lowry syndrome, which is manifested by mental retardation, growth deficits, skeletal deformations, and psychosis. Because RSK2-inactivating mutations in humans lead to Coffin-Lowry syndrome, our results imply that alterations in GPCR signaling may account for some of its clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bonnie G. Garcia
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | - Ariel Y. Deutch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212
| | | | - Patrick Leahy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106; and
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Institute for Genetics and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47, D-50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Departments of *Biochemistry
- Neurosciences, and
- **Psychiatry, and
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Davies MA, Setola V, Strachan RT, Sheffler DJ, Salay E, Hufeisen SJ, Roth BL. Pharmacologic analysis of non-synonymous coding h5-HT2A SNPs reveals alterations in atypical antipsychotic and agonist efficacies. Pharmacogenomics J 2005; 6:42-51. [PMID: 16314884 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT(2A)-serotonin receptor is a major molecular target for most atypical antipsychotic drugs as well as most hallucinogens, which can exacerbate psychotic symptoms. In this study, we examined whether random sequence variations in the gene (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) encoding the 5-HT(2A)-serotonin receptor could explain inter-individual variability in atypical antipsychotic and agonist drug response. We examined the in vitro pharmacology of four non-synonymous SNPs, which give rise to T25N, I197V, A447V, and H452Y variant 5-HT(2A)-serotonin receptors. Our data indicate that these non-synonymous SNPs exert statistically significant, although modest, effects on the affinity and functional effects of several currently approved atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and ziprasidone). Also, the 5-HT(2A) receptor SNPs slightly altered the potency and relative efficacy of a small number of selected agonists (2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine, tryptamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, m-chlorophenylpiperazine, and 5-methoxy-N, N-dimethyltryptamine). In all, our results show that the in vitro pharmacological effects of the SNPs are drug specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Davies
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, OH 44106-4935, USA
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Yan F, Mosier PD, Westkaemper RB, Stewart J, Zjawiony JK, Vortherms TA, Sheffler DJ, Roth BL. Identification of the molecular mechanisms by which the diterpenoid salvinorin A binds to kappa-opioid receptors. Biochemistry 2005; 44:8643-51. [PMID: 15952771 DOI: 10.1021/bi050490d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Salvinorin A is a naturally occurring hallucinogenic diterpenoid from the plant Salvia divinorumthat selectively and potently activates kappa-opioid receptors (KORs). Salvinorin A is unique in that it is the only known lipid-like molecule that selectively and potently activates a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which has as its endogenous agonist a peptide; salvinorin A is also the only known non-nitrogenous opioid receptor agonist. In this paper, we identify key residues in KORs responsible for the high binding affinity and agonist efficacy of salvinorin A. Surprisingly, we discovered that salvinorin A was stabilized in the binding pocket by interactions with tyrosine residues in helix 7 (Tyr313 and Tyr320) and helix 2 (Tyr119). Intriguingly, activation of KORs by salvinorin A required interactions with the helix 7 tyrosines Tyr312, Tyr313, and Tyr320 and with Tyr139 in helix 3. In contrast, the prototypical nitrogenous KOR agonist U69593 and the endogenous peptidergic agonist dynorphin A (1-13) showed differential requirements for these three residues for binding and activation. We also employed a novel approach, whereby we examined the effects of cysteine-substitution mutagenesis on the binding of salvinorin A and an analogue with a free sulfhydryl group, 2-thiosalvinorin B. We discovered that residues predicted to be in close proximity, especially Tyr313, to the free thiol of 2-thiosalvinorin B when mutated to Cys showed enhanced affinity for 2-thiosalvinorin B. When these findings are taken together, they imply that the diterpenoid salvinorin A utilizes unique residues within a commonly shared binding pocket to selectively activate KORs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Abstract
Aripiprazole (Abilify) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has been recently introduced for clinical use in the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole has a unique pharmacologic profile that includes partial agonism at several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) [especially dopamine (D2) and 5-HT1A] and antagonistic action at others (especially 5-HT2A). Clinical trials indicate that aripiprazole is effective in treating the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In short-term studies rapid onset of action (within one week) has been demonstrated. Preliminary data indicate that aripiprazole may also be effective in the treatment of manic symptoms of bipolar disorder. At recommended doses, aripiprazole appears to be safe and well tolerated in most adult patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. There is only limited information available on the use of aripiprazole in children and adolescents, and pilot data suggest that a revised dosing strategy, based on weight, is indicated in this population. In the long-term studies, the use of aripiprazole was associated with continued efficacy, good compliance and increased time-to-relapse. Aripiprazole represents the first functionally selective atypical antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn A Davies
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas J. Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan L. Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuro sciences, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Ohio, USA
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Bhatnagar A, Sheffler DJ, Kroeze WK, Compton-Toth B, Roth BL. Caveolin-1 Interacts with 5-HT2A Serotonin Receptors and Profoundly Modulates the Signaling of Selected Gαq-coupled Protein Receptors. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:34614-23. [PMID: 15190056 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m404673200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A (5-HT(2A)) serotonin receptors are important for a variety of functions including vascular smooth muscle contraction, platelet aggregation, and the modulation of perception, cognition, and emotion. In a search for 5-HT(2A) receptor-interacting proteins, we discovered that caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a scaffolding protein enriched in caveolae, complexes with 5-HT(2A) receptors in a number of cell types including C6 glioma cells, transfected HEK-293 cells, and rat brain synaptic membrane preparations. To address the functional significance of this interaction, we performed RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Cav-1 in C6 glioma cells, a cell type that endogenously expresses both 5-HT(2A) receptors and Cav-1. We discovered that the in vitro knockdown of Cav-1 in C6 glioma cells nearly abolished 5-HT(2A) receptor-mediated signal transduction as measured by calcium flux assays. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of Cav-1 also greatly attenuated endogenous Galpha(q)-coupled P2Y purinergic receptor-mediated signaling without altering the signaling of PAR-1 thrombin receptors. Cav-1 appeared to modulate 5-HT(2A) signaling by facilitating the interaction of 5-HT(2A) receptors with Galpha(q). These studies provide compelling evidence for a prominent role of Cav-1 in regulating the functional activity of not only 5-HT(2A) serotonin receptors but also selected Galpha(q)-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley K Kroeze
- Departments of Biochemistry, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Roth BL, Sheffler DJ, Kroeze WK. Magic shotguns versus magic bullets: selectively non-selective drugs for mood disorders and schizophrenia. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2004; 3:353-9. [PMID: 15060530 DOI: 10.1038/nrd1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
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Abstract
Salvinorin A, a neoclerodane diterpene, is the most potent naturally occurring hallucinogen known and rivals the synthetic hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide in potency. Recently, the molecular target of salvinorin A was identified as the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). Salvinorin A represents the only known non-nitrogenous KOR selective agonist. Based on the selectivity of salvinorin A for the KOR, this receptor represents a potential molecular target for the development of drugs to treat disorders characterized by alterations in perception, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Gray JA, Sheffler DJ, Bhatnagar A, Woods JA, Hufeisen SJ, Benovic JL, Roth BL. Cell-type specific effects of endocytosis inhibitors on 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptor desensitization and resensitization reveal an arrestin-, GRK2-, and GRK5-independent mode of regulation in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:1020-30. [PMID: 11641430 DOI: 10.1124/mol.60.5.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of endocytosis inhibitors on 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) (5-HT(2A)) receptor desensitization and resensitization was examined in transiently transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and in C6 glioma cells that endogenously express 5-HT(2A) receptors. In HEK-293 cells, 5-HT(2A) receptor desensitization was unaffected by cotransfection with a dominant-negative mutant of dynamin (DynK44A), a truncation mutant of arrestin-2 [Arr2(319-418)], or by two well-characterized chemical inhibitors of endocytosis: concanavalin A (conA) and phenylarsine oxide (PAO). In contrast, beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization was significantly potentiated by each of these treatments in HEK-293 cells. In C6 glioma cells, however, DynK44A, Arr2(319-418), conA, and PAO each resulted in the potentiation of 5-HT(2A) and beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization. The cell-type-specific effect of Arr2(319-418) on 5-HT(2A) receptor desensitization was not related to the level of GRK2 or GRK5 expression. Interestingly, although beta 2-adrenergic receptor resensitization was potently blocked by cotransfection with DynK44A, 5-HT(2A) receptor resensitization was enhanced, suggesting the existence of a novel cell-surface mechanism for 5-HT(2A) receptor resensitization in HEK-293 cells. In addition, Arr2(319-418) had no effect on 5-HT(2A) receptor resensitization in HEK-293 cells, although it attenuated the resensitization of the beta 2-adrenergic receptor. However, in C6 glioma cells, both DynK44A and Arr2(319-418) significantly reduced 5-HT(2A) receptor resensitization. Taken together, these results provide the first convincing evidence of cell-type-specific roles for endocytosis inhibitors in regulating GPCR activity. Additionally, these results imply that novel GRK and arrestin-independent mechanisms of 5-HT(2A) receptor desensitization and resensitization exist in HEK-293 cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arrestin/metabolism
- Arrestins/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Dynamins
- Endocytosis/drug effects
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 5
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/pharmacology
- Glioma/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney/cytology
- Kidney/embryology
- Phosphoproteins/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta-Adrenergic Receptor Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935, USA
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