1
|
Gahan E, Hansotte E, Lindstrom KE, Vaughn S, Cummings S. The impact of sodium reduction on overall nutrient content in Child and Adult Care Food Program meals. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2433-2440. [PMID: 37317033 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the impact of Na reduction on the nutrient content of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) meals served through At-Risk Afterschool Meals (ARASM) without compromising the nutritional quality of the meals served. DESIGN Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP) partnered with a CACFP ARASM programme from October 2016 to September 2021. We assessed changes in Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) food component scores and macro- and micronutrients using cross-sectional nutrient analyses of October 2016 and 2020 menus. SETTING ARASM programme sites in Indianapolis, IN, USA. PARTICIPANTS October 2016 and 2020 menus from one CACFP ARASM programme. INTERVENTION Na reduction strategies included implementing food service guidelines, modifying meal components, changing procurement practices and facilitating environmental changes to promote lower Na items. RESULTS From baseline in 2016 to 2020, fifteen meal components were impacted by the intervention, which impacted 17 (85 %) meals included in the analysis. Average Na per meal reduced significantly between 2016 (837·9 mg) and 2020 (627·9 mg) (P = 0·002). Between 2016 and 2020, there were significant increases in whole grains (P = 0·003) and total vegetables (P < 0·001) and significant reductions in refined grains (P = 0·001) and Na (P = 0·02), all per 1000 kcal served. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Na content can be reduced in CACFP meals without compromising the nutritional quality of meals served. Future studies are needed to identify feasible best practices and policies to reduce Na content in the CACFP meal pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Gahan
- Marion County Public Health Department, 3838 Rural Street, Indianapolis, IN46205, USA
| | - Elinor Hansotte
- Marion County Public Health Department, 3838 Rural Street, Indianapolis, IN46205, USA
| | - K Elise Lindstrom
- Marion County Public Health Department, 3838 Rural Street, Indianapolis, IN46205, USA
| | - Shelley Vaughn
- Marion County Public Health Department, 3838 Rural Street, Indianapolis, IN46205, USA
| | - Sandra Cummings
- Marion County Public Health Department, 3838 Rural Street, Indianapolis, IN46205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Patel D, Sisson SB, Sleet K, Rickman R, Love C, Taniguchi T, Sisk M, Jernigan VBB. Changes in Meal and Menu Quality at Early Care and Education Programs after Training with Food Service Staff: the FRESH Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100040. [PMID: 37181935 PMCID: PMC10111590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prevalence of obesity in Native American (NA) children is disproportionately high, indicating a higher risk of health disparities. Many children attend early care and education (ECE) programs, presenting an opportune environment to improve meal and menu quality as the intake of healthy foods is associated with lowered risk of childhood obesity. Objectives We aimed to examine the effectiveness of food service staff training on meals and menu quality across NA ECEs. Methods Food service staff from 9 participating ECE programs attended a 3-h training focused on Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) best practices, and received a tailored, best-practice menu, and healthy recipes. Meals and menus prepared across 1 wk were examined per CACFP serving size assumptions at baseline, 4 mos, 6 mos, and 12 mos for all 9 programs. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), CACFP requirements and best practices achievement, and food substitutions quality (classified into superior, equivalent, and inferior based on the nutritional quality) were calculated. A repeated measures ANOVA model was used to determine the differences across time points. Results The total meal HEI score increased significantly from baseline to 4 mos (71.1 ± 2.1; 78.6 ± 5.0; P = 0.004), but did not differ from baseline to 12 mos. Menu CACFP requirements and best practices achievement did not differ across time points, although achievement with CACFP requirements was already high at baseline. Superior nutrition quality substitutions declined from baseline to 6 mos (32.4 ± 8.9; 19.5 ± 10.9; P = 0.007); however, it did not differ from baseline to 12 mos. Equivalent and inferior quality substitutions did not differ across time points. Conclusions Implementing a best-practice menu with healthy recipes showed immediate improvements in meal quality. Although the change did not sustain, this study showed evidence of an opportunity to educate and train food service staff. Robust efforts are needed for improving both meals and menus.This trial was registered ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03251950 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03251950?cond=food+resource+equity&draw=2&rank=1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kaysha Sleet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- University Medical Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Rickman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Charlotte Love
- School of Health Care Administration, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Tori Taniguchi
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Andreyeva T, Mozaffarian RS, Kenney EL. Updated Meal Patterns in the Child and Adult Care Food Program and Changes in Quality of Food and Beverages Served: A Natural Experimental Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:3786. [PMID: 36145161 PMCID: PMC9505753 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With diet-related chronic diseases being the largest contributors to U.S. morbidity and mortality, identifying population-level strategies to promote healthier diets is essential. Intervention during early childhood may be particularly important. The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), a federal nutrition assistance program in the U.S. that supports serving meals and snacks in child care settings, reaches millions of U.S. children. Recent 2017 updates to CACFP's meal patterns were meant to improve the nutritional quality of food served through CACFP by providing more whole grains, fruit, and vegetables. In this study, we used a natural experimental, longitudinal study of child care centers participating in CACFP compared to nonparticipating centers to assess whether the quality of food and beverages served (per menu analysis) improved following the CACFP meal pattern changes. While we found that CACFP centers were more likely to meet several key nutrition standards in comparison to non-CACFP centers overall, there were no differences in menu quality from before to after the 2017 standards change between CACFP and non-CACFP centers. Nutrition standards for CACFP may need to be further strengthened with adequate financial and technical support given to child care programs for effective implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreyeva
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Health, University of Connecticut, One Constitution Plaza, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Mozaffarian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erica L. Kenney
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Taniguchi T, Haslam A, Sun W, Sisk M, Hayman J, Jernigan VBB. Impact of a Farm-to-School Nutrition and Gardening Intervention for Native American Families from the FRESH Study: A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132601. [PMID: 35807781 PMCID: PMC9268191 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing healthy eating habits during childhood is critical to prevent chronic diseases that develop in adulthood. Tribally owned Early Childhood and Education (ECE) programs signify fundamental influence in childhood obesity disparities. A strategy to improve diet is the use of school gardens; however, few studies have used rigorous methods to assess diet and health outcomes. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe results from the six-month Food Resource Equity for Sustainable Health (FRESH) study among Native American families. We aimed to recruit 176 families of children attending Osage Nation ECE programs in four communities. Two communities received the intervention and two served as wait-list controls. Outcomes included change in dietary intake, body mass index, health status, systolic blood pressure (adults only), and food insecurity in children and parents. There were 193 children (n = 106 intervention; n = 87 control) and 170 adults (n = 93 intervention; n = 77 control) enrolled. Vegetable intake significantly increased in intervention children compared to controls for squash (p = 0.0007) and beans (p = 0.0002). Willingness to try scores increased for beans in intervention children (p = 0.049) and tomatoes in both groups (p = 0.01). FRESH is the first study to implement a farm-to-school intervention in rural, tribally owned ECEs. Future interventions that target healthy dietary intake among children should incorporate a comprehensive parent component in order to support healthy eating for all household members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tori Taniguchi
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alyson Haslam
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Rural Health, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| | - Margaret Sisk
- Osage Nation, Harvest Land, Pawhuska, OK 74056, USA; (M.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Jann Hayman
- Osage Nation, Harvest Land, Pawhuska, OK 74056, USA; (M.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Valarie Blue Bird Jernigan
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haslam A, Love C, Taniguchi T, Williams MB, Wetherill MS, Sisson S, Weedn AE, Jacob T, Jernigan VBB. Development and Implementation of a Hybrid Online and In-Person Food Sovereignty and Nutrition Education Curriculum for Native American Parents: The FRESH Study. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 50:430-440. [PMID: 34991400 PMCID: PMC9981305 DOI: 10.1177/10901981211067168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Food Resource Equity and Sustainability for Health ("FRESH") study is an Indigenous-led intervention to increase vegetable and fruit intake among Native American children. As part of this study, we developed a hybrid (online and in-person) food sovereignty and nutrition education curriculum for the parents of these children. This 16-week curriculum was developed to promote household- and community-level healthy eating and food sovereignty practices to parents of preschool-aged children residing in Osage Nation, Oklahoma. A total of 81 parent/caregivers participated in the curriculum component of the FRESH study, with a median age of 34 years (range: 23-54 years). Most study participants were female (88.9%) and less than half (45.7%) had an annual household income of more than US$50,000. Most were married or had a significant other (76.5%) and worked full-time (65.4%). The median total number of children in the home <18 years of age was three (range: 1-8). Participation among the 94 parents was 56% during the first week and was 12% in the final week. Having some college or technical training (vs. having a college degree) and having an annual household income of US$20,000-US$50,000 (vs. more than US$50,000) were associated with fewer sessions attended (p = 0.004 and 0.02, respectively) Being married (vs. not) was associated with higher attendance (p < .0001). Participation in a hybrid food sovereignty and nutrition education curriculum for parents was generally low, but income, education, and marital status were associated with curriculum participation. Our research adds to the literature by describing the development and implementation of this curriculum and recommendations for future research incorporating Indigenous approaches to health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Haslam
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan Sisson
- The University of Oklahoma—Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Tvli Jacob
- Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Williams BD, Sisson SB, Stinner EL, Hetrick HN, Dunlap M, Graef-Downard J, Eliot K, Finnell K, Salvatore AL. Quality of Nutrition Environments, Menus and Foods Served, and Food Program Achievement in Oklahoma Family Child Care Homes. Nutrients 2021; 13:4483. [PMID: 34960034 PMCID: PMC8704456 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Child care environments foster children's healthy eating habits by providing exposure to healthy foods and feeding practices. We assessed the healthfulness of nutrition environments, menu/meal quality, and the achievement of Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) guidelines and best practices in Oklahoma CACFP-enrolled family child care homes (FCCHs) (n = 51). Two-day classroom observations were conducted. Healthfulness of classroom nutrition environments was assessed using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO). Foods served to and consumed by children were quantified using the Dietary Observations in Child Care (DOCC) tool. Nutrient analysis was performed to determine total energy for foods listed on menus, served to, and consumed by children. Menu and meal food variety and CACFP Guideline Achievement Scores were determined. Average nutrition environment score was 11.7 ± 1.2 (61.5% of maximum possible score). Energy (kcals) from menus and consumed by children was insufficient to meet two-thirds of their daily reference intake. Children were exposed to 1.7 vegetables and 1.3 fruits per meal. CACFP Guideline Achievement Scores were 66.3% ± 7.8 for menus and 59.3% ± 7.6 for mealtimes. Similar to previous research, our findings indicate a need for improved FCCH nutrition practices. Tailored interventions for FCCHs are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bethany D. Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., AHB 3068, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.L.S.); (H.N.H.); (J.G.-D.); (K.E.)
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University Health Sciences Spokane, 412 E Spokane Falls Blvd, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Susan B. Sisson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., AHB 3068, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.L.S.); (H.N.H.); (J.G.-D.); (K.E.)
| | - Emily L. Stinner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., AHB 3068, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.L.S.); (H.N.H.); (J.G.-D.); (K.E.)
| | - Hope N. Hetrick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., AHB 3068, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.L.S.); (H.N.H.); (J.G.-D.); (K.E.)
| | - Marny Dunlap
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of General and Community Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 Children’s Ave., Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Jennifer Graef-Downard
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., AHB 3068, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.L.S.); (H.N.H.); (J.G.-D.); (K.E.)
| | - Kathrin Eliot
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Allied Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 N. Stonewall Ave., AHB 3068, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (B.D.W.); (E.L.S.); (H.N.H.); (J.G.-D.); (K.E.)
| | - Karla Finnell
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Alicia L. Salvatore
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 N.E. 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (K.F.); (A.L.S.)
- Institute for Research on Equity and Community Health, ChristianaCare, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19706, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kear K, Stotz S, Love K, Cox GO, Birch LL, Cotwright CJ. Assessing health disparities in foods and beverages served in early care and education programs across Georgia. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12787. [PMID: 33729706 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity disproportionately impacts children who are Black and Hispanic, those who live in rural communities and those who have low income. Predisposition to obesity early in life is profoundly impacted by feeding habits during the preschool years. The early care and education (ECE) setting impacts children's health by providing daily meals. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to identify whether or not health disparities in foods and beverages served in ECE programs in Georgia exist based on socioeconomic, demographic and geographic variables. METHODS A random sample was drawn from 3054 ECE programs across the state of Georgia. The likelihood of serving specific foods and beverages in ECE programs in the previous day was measured. Percentages and frequencies, logistic regressions, Spearman's rho and Odds ratio tests determined outcomes. RESULTS A total of 974 surveys were returned. Data were stratified based on the income level of the participant families, race of enrolled children and geographic location of the ECE program. Disparities existed between programs based on race of enrolled children and geographic location. For example, although the odds of providing sweets increased by 0.6% as the percentage of Black children enrolled increased, the provision of healthier foods, such as the odds of providing fruits (P = .001), vegetables (P = .001) and protein (P = .001) also increased. However, after results were adjusted for covariates findings did not remain significant. CONCLUSIONS Future research focused on evaluating the foods and beverages provided in ECE programs and the relationship of how income, race and location are related may provide further understanding about the disproportionate childhood obesity rates in America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Kear
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah Stotz
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Kim Love
- K.R. Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ginnefer O Cox
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Leann L Birch
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Caree J Cotwright
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia College of Family and Consumer Sciences, Athens, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abobakar L, Engler-Stringer R, Leis A, Vatanparast H. Evaluation of the impact of the Healthy Start/Départ Santé intervention on improving menu planning practices and improving the congruence between planned menus and actual food served in Saskatchewan childcare centres. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101403. [PMID: 34136337 PMCID: PMC8181209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of centres did not comply with the recommended nutrition guidelines. More than 50% of centres listed processed foods in amounts exceeding recommendations. The interventions may effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of menus.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Healthy Start/Départ Santé (HS/DS) intervention program on improving menu planning practices and improving the congruence between planned menus and actual food served in licensed childcare centres in Saskatchewan. Overall, 39 licensed childcare centres in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada, were selected through a cluster randomized control trial to evaluate the impact of the HS/DS intervention. The pre and post intervention food menus of these centres were analyzed and compared to the Saskatchewan Childcare Nutrition Guidelines (SCNG). The food and beverages served at lunch were observed and digitally recorded using digital plate-waste measures. The congruence between the planned menus and the actual food served was assessed. Descriptive analyses and non-parametric tests were performed to determine the impact of the intervention. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the distribution and proportion of centres that adhered to the SCNG. The centres that received the intervention demonstrated significant improvements in adherence to their written menus, with the proportions of match between the items that served and listed (p-value = 0.029), and additional items served (p-value = 0.014). Within each group, intervention and usual practice, there were significant differences in centres that met the foods to limit guideline among the usual practice centres (p-value = 0.035). Findings from this study indicated that the HS/DS intervention had a positive impact on improving the adherence of the participating centres to the centres’ planned menus. HS/DS trial registration number: NCT02375490.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila Abobakar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Rachel Engler-Stringer
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Anne Leis
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada
- Corresponding author at: College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and School of Public Health, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kurzer MS, Delormier TW. Introduction to the Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference on Native American Nutrition. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:1-2. [PMID: 32025617 PMCID: PMC6989836 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mindy S Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and the Healthy Foods, Healthy Lives Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Treena Wasonti:io Delormier
- School of Human Nutrition, Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE), McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|