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Harper L, Strandberg O, Spotorno N, Nilsson M, Lindberg O, Hansson O, Santillo AF. Structural and functional connectivity associations with anterior cingulate sulcal variability. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-024-02812-5. [PMID: 38900167 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-024-02812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Sulcation of the anterior cingulate may be defined by presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing during the third gestational trimester with implications on cognitive function and disease. In this cross-sectional study we examine task-free resting state functional connectivity and diffusion-weighted tract segmentation data from a cohort of healthy adults (< 60-year-old, n = 129), exploring the impact of ipsilateral paracingulate sulcal presence on structural and functional connectivity. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the left cingulum bundle and the left peri-genual and dorsal bundle segments, suggesting reduced structural organisational coherence in these tracts. This association was not observed in the offsite temporal cingulum bundle segment. Left paracingulate sulcal presence was associated with increased left peri-genual radial diffusivity and tract volume possibly suggesting increased U-fibre density in this region. Greater network dispersity was identified in individuals with an absent left paracingulate sulcus by presence of a significant, predominantly intraregional, frontal component of resting state functional connectivity which was not present in individuals with a present left paracingulate sulcus. Seed-based functional connectivity in pre-defined networks was not associated with paracingulate sulcal presence. These results identify a novel association between sulcation and structural connectivity in a healthy adult population with implications for conditions where this variation is of interest. Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus appears to alter local structural and functional connectivity, possibly as a result of the presence of a local network reliant on short association fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Harper
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nicola Spotorno
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Markus Nilsson
- Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22100, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander F Santillo
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22100, Lund, Sweden
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Luders E, Gaser C, Spencer D, Thankamony A, Hughes I, Simpson H, Srirangalingam U, Gleeson H, Hines M, Kurth F. Cortical gyrification in women and men and the (missing) link to prenatal androgens. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38733283 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported sex differences in cortical gyrification. Since most cortical folding is principally defined in utero, sex chromosomes as well as gonadal hormones are likely to influence sex-specific aspects of local gyrification. Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causes high levels of androgens during gestation in females, whereas levels in males are largely within the typical male range. Therefore, CAH provides an opportunity to study the possible effects of prenatal androgens on cortical gyrification. Here, we examined the vertex-wise absolute mean curvature-a common estimate for cortical gyrification-in individuals with CAH (33 women and 20 men) and pair-wise matched controls (33 women and 20 men). There was no significant main effect of CAH and no significant CAH-by-sex interaction. However, there was a significant main effect of sex in five cortical regions, where gyrification was increased in women compared to men. These regions were located on the lateral surface of the brain, specifically left middle frontal (rostral and caudal), right inferior frontal, left inferior parietal, and right occipital. There was no cortical region where gyrification was increased in men compared to women. Our findings do not only confirm prior reports of increased cortical gyrification in female brains but also suggest that cortical gyrification is not significantly affected by prenatal androgen exposure. Instead, cortical gyrification might be determined by sex chromosomes either directly or indirectly-the latter potentially by affecting the underlying architecture of the cortex or the size of the intracranial cavity, which is smaller in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Luders
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Jena, Germany
| | - Debra Spencer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ajay Thankamony
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Weston Centre for Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ieuan Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Helen Simpson
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University College Hospital London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Melissa Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florian Kurth
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Neuroradiology and Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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3
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Li W, Cao X, Liang Q, Li Y, Zhou C, Du J, Xie S. Gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1369532. [PMID: 38742135 PMCID: PMC11089100 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1369532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aims to explore the gender differences in cognitive improvements after two months of atypical antipsychotic treatment in first episode schizophrenia (FES). Methods 82 patients with FES, including 50 male patients and 32 female patients, were enrolled in the present study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) were respectively conducted to evaluate the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of patients with FES at baseline and after treatment. Repeated measure ANOVA was performed to compare gender differences in cognitive domains scores between baseline and 2-month follow-up. Stepwise liner regression model was performed to explore the effect factors of cognitive improvements in patients. Results There was no significant difference in age of onset, education years, PANSS scores, duration of untreated psychosis and Olanzapine equivalent doses between male and female patients (all p > 0.05). In the comparisons of cognition function, male patients exhibited better performance in social cognition compared with female patients at baseline (t = 3.20, p < 0.05). After treatment, improvements of attention/vigilance and working memory were both found in male patients and female patients (attention/vigilance, F = 11.867, p < 0.05; working memory, F = 18.265, p < 0.05). In addition, improvement of speed of information processing was only found in female patients (F = 11.65, p < 0.01). Significant interaction between time and gender was found in speed information of processing (F = 4.140, p = 0.045). Stepwise liner regression model revealed that improvements of negative symptoms promote improvements of cognitive function in female patients (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Our findings revealed gender differences of cognitive improvements in patients with FES after 2-month treatment. It provides new evidence for gender differences in cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, and also provides preliminary clues for further individualized cognitive intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinglun Du
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, Pietrasik W, Malykhin NV. Aging, cingulate cortex, and cognition: insights from structural MRI, emotional recognition, and theory of mind. Brain Struct Funct 2024:10.1007/s00429-023-02753-5. [PMID: 38305874 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The cingulate cortex is a limbic structure involved in multiple functions, including emotional processing, pain, cognition, memory, and spatial orientation. The main goal of this structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) study was to investigate whether age affects the cingulate cortex uniformly across its anteroposterior dimensions and determine if the effects of age differ based on sex, hemisphere, and regional cingulate anatomy, in a large cohort of healthy individuals across the adult lifespan. The second objective aimed to explore whether the decline in emotional recognition accuracy and Theory of Mind (ToM) is linked to the potential age-related reductions in the pregenual anterior cingulate (ACC) and anterior midcingulate (MCC) cortices. We recruited 126 healthy participants (18-85 years) for this study. MRI datasets were acquired on a 4.7 T system. The cingulate cortex was manually segmented into the pregenual ACC, anterior MCC, posterior MCC, and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). We observed negative relationships between the presence and length of the superior cingulate gyrus and bilateral volumes of pregenual ACC and anterior MCC. Age showed negative effects on the volume of all cingulate cortical subregions bilaterally except for the right anterior MCC. Most of the associations between age and the cingulate subregional volumes were linear. We did not find a significant effect of sex on cingulate cortical volumes. However, stronger effects of age were observed in men compared to women. This study also demonstrated that performance on an emotional recognition task was linked to pregenual ACC volume, whist the ToM capabilities were related to the size of pregenual ACC and anterior MCC. These results suggest that the cingulate cortex contributes to emotional recognition ability and ToM across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Pietrasik
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Nikolai V Malykhin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada.
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Harper L, Strandberg O, Spotorno N, Nilsson M, Lindberg O, Hansson O, Santillo AF. Structural and functional connectivity associations with anterior cingulate sulcal variability. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3831519. [PMID: 38260469 PMCID: PMC10802698 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3831519/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Sulcation of the anterior cingulate may be defined by presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing during the third gestational trimester with implications on cognitive function and disease. Methods In this retrospective analysis we examine task-free resting state functional connectivity and diffusion-weighted tract segmentation data from a cohort of healthy adults (< 60-year-old, n = 129), exploring the impact of ipsilateral paracingulate sulcal presence on structural and functional connectivity. Results Presence of a left paracingulate sulcus was associated with reduced fractional anisotropy in the left cingulum (P = 0.02) bundle and the peri-genual (P = 0.002) and dorsal (P = 0.03) but not the temporal cingulum bundle segments. Left paracingulate sulcal presence was associated with increased left peri-genual radial diffusivity (P = 0.003) and tract volume (P = 0.012). A significant, predominantly intraregional frontal component of altered resting state functional connectivity was identified in individuals possessing a left PCS (P = 0.01). Seed-based functional connectivity in pre-defined networks was not associated with paracingulate sulcal presence. Conclusion These results identify a novel association between neurodevelopmentally derived sulcation and altered structural connectivity in a healthy adult population with implications for conditions where this variation is of interest. Furthermore, they provide evidence of a link between the structural and functional connectivity of the brain in the presence of a paracingulate sulcus which may be mediated by a highly connected local functional network reliant on short association fibres.
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Harper L, de Boer S, Lindberg O, Lätt J, Cullen N, Clark L, Irwin D, Massimo L, Grossman M, Hansson O, Pijnenburg Y, McMillan CT, Santillo AF. Anterior cingulate sulcation is associated with onset and survival in frontotemporal dementia. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad264. [PMID: 37869576 PMCID: PMC10586312 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia is the second most common form of early onset dementia (<65 years). Despite this, there are few known disease-modifying factors. The anterior cingulate is a focal point of pathology in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Sulcation of the anterior cingulate is denoted by the presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing, where present during the third gestational trimester and remaining stable throughout life. This study aims to examine the impact of right paracingulate sulcal presence on the expression and prognosis of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. This retrospective analysis drew its population from two clinical samples recruited from memory clinics at university hospitals in the USA and The Netherlands. Individuals with sporadic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia were enrolled between 2000 and 2022 and followed up for an average of 7.71 years. T1-MRI data were evaluated for hemispheric paracingulate sulcal presence in accordance with an established protocol by two blinded raters. Outcome measures included age at onset, survival, cortical thickness and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-modified Clinical Dementia Rating determined clinical disease progression. The study population consisted of 186 individuals with sporadic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (113 males and 73 females), mean age 63.28 years (SD 8.32). The mean age at onset was 2.44 years later in individuals possessing a right paracingulate sulcus [60.2 years (8.54)] versus individuals who did not [57.76 (8.05)], 95% confidence interval > 0.41, P = 0.02. Education was not associated with age at onset (β = -0.05, P = 0.75). The presence of a right paracingulate sulcus was associated with an 83% increased risk of death per year after age at onset (hazard ratio 1.83, confidence interval [1.09-3.07], P < 0.02), whilst the mean age at death was similar for individuals with a present and absent right paracingulate sulcus (P = 0.7). Right paracingulate sulcal presence was not associated with baseline cortical thickness. Right paracingulate sulcal presence is associated with disease expression and survival in sporadic behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Findings provide evidence of neurodevelopmental brain reserve in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia that may be important in the design of trials for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Harper
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Sterre de Boer
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17165, Sweden
| | - Jimmy Lätt
- Centre for Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skane University Hospital, Lund 22242, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Cullen
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Lyles Clark
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Irwin
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Massimo
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö 22100, Sweden
| | - Yolande Pijnenburg
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, Amsterdam 1081 HZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center (FTDC), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander F Santillo
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden
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Oane I, Barborica A, Mindruta IR. Cingulate Cortex: Anatomy, Structural and Functional Connectivity. J Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 40:482-490. [PMID: 36930223 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The cingulate cortex is a paired brain region located on the medial wall of each hemisphere. This review explores the anatomy as well as the structural and functional connectivity of the cingulate cortex underlying essential roles this region plays in emotion, autonomic, cognitive, motor control, visual-spatial processing, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Oane
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Barborica
- Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; and
| | - Ioana R Mindruta
- Epilepsy Monitoring Unit, Neurology Department, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Neurology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Harper L, de Boer S, Lindberg O, Lätt J, Cullen N, Clark L, Irwin D, Massimo L, Grossman M, Hansson O, Pijnenburg Y, McMillan CT, Santillo AF. Anterior cingulate sulcation is associated with onset and survival in frontotemporal dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.30.23287945. [PMID: 37034647 PMCID: PMC10081407 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.23287945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Frontotemporal dementia is the second most common form of early onset dementia (< 65 years). Despite this there are few known disease modifying factors. The anterior cingulate is a focal point of pathology in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Sulcation of the anterior cingulate is denoted by the presence of a paracingulate sulcus, a tertiary sulcus developing, where present during the third gestational trimester and remaining stable throughout life. This study aims to examine the impact of right paracingulate sulcal presence on the expression and prognosis of behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Methods This retrospective analysis drew it's population from two clinical samples recruited from memory clinics at University Hospitals in The United States of America and The Netherlands. Individuals with sporadic behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia were enrolled between 2004 and 2022 and followed up for an average of 7.71 years. T1-MRI data were evaluated for hemispheric paracingulate sulcal presence in accordance with an established protocol by two blinded raters. Outcome measures included age at onset, survival, cortical thickness, and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration-modified Clinical Dementia Rating determined clinical disease progression. Results The study population consisted of 186 individuals with sporadic behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia, (113 males and 73 females) mean age 63.28 years (SD 8.32). The mean age at onset was 2.44 years later in individuals possessing a right paracingulate sulcus (60.2 years (SD 8.54)) versus individuals who did not (57.76 (8.05)), 95% CI >0.41, P = 0.02. Education was not associated with age at onset (β = -0.05, P =0.75). Presence of a right paracingulate sulcus was associated with a 119% increased risk of death per year after age at onset (HR 2.19, CI [1.21 - 3.96], P <0.01), whilst the mean age at death was similar for individuals with a present and absent right paracingulate sulcus ( P = 0.7). Right paracingulate sulcal presence was not associated with baseline cortical thickness. Conclusion Right paracingulate sulcal presence is associated with disease expression and survival in sporadic behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Findings provide evidence of neurodevelopmental brain reserve in behavioural variant Frontotemporal Dementia which may be important in the design of trials for future therapeutic approaches.
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Selahi Ö, Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Hakan T, Firat Z, Güngör A, Çelikoğlu E. Cingulate sulcus morphology and paracingulate sulcus variations: Anatomical and radiological studies. Clin Anat 2023; 36:256-266. [PMID: 36403099 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sulci and gyri found across the cerebrum differ in morphology between individuals. The cingulate sulcus is an important landmark for deciding the surgical approach for neighboring pathological lesions. Identifying the anatomical variations of anterior cingulate cortex morphology would help to determine the safe-entry route through neighboring lesions. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging data acquired from 149 healthy volunteers were investigated retrospectively for anatomical variations of the paracingulate sulcus. Also, human cadaveric brain hemispheres were investigated for cingulate and paracingulate sulcus anatomy. All participants had cingulate sulci in both hemispheres (n = 149, 100%). Three types of paracingulate sulcus patterns were identified: "prominent," "present," and "absent." Hemispheric comparisons indicated that the paracingulate sulcus is commonly "prominent" in the left hemisphere (n = 48, 32.21%) and more commonly "absent" in the right hemisphere (n = 73, 48.99%). Ten (6.71%) people had a prominent paracingulate sulcus in both the right and left hemispheres. Seven (4.70%) of them were male, and 3 (2.01%) of them were female. Paracingulate sulci were present in both hemispheres in 19 people (12.75%), of which 9 (6.04%) were male and 10 (6.71%) were female. There were 35 (23.49%) participants without paracingulate sulci in both hemispheres. Eleven (7.38%) were male and 24 (16.11%) were female. There were 73 (48.99%) participants without right paracingulate sulcus and 57 (38.26%) participants without left paracingulate sulcus (p = 0.019). In the examinations of the cadaver hemispheres, the paracingulate sulcus was present and prominent in 25%, and the intralimbic sulcus was present in 15%. It has been observed that the paracingulate sulcus is more prominent in the normal male brain compared to females. In females, there were more participants without paracingulate sulcus. This study shows that there are both hemispheric and sex differences in the anatomy of the paracingulate sulcus. Understanding the cingulate sulcus anatomy and considering the variations in the anterior cingulate cortex morphology during surgery will help surgeons to orient this elegant and complex area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Selahi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Tayfun Hakan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Firat
- Department of Radiology, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abuzer Güngör
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Çelikoğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Fu Z, Sajad A, Errington SP, Schall JD, Rutishauser U. Neurophysiological mechanisms of error monitoring in human and non-human primates. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:153-172. [PMID: 36707544 PMCID: PMC10231843 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Performance monitoring is an important executive function that allows us to gain insight into our own behaviour. This remarkable ability relies on the frontal cortex, and its impairment is an aspect of many psychiatric diseases. In recent years, recordings from the macaque and human medial frontal cortex have offered a detailed understanding of the neurophysiological substrate that underlies performance monitoring. Here we review the discovery of single-neuron correlates of error monitoring, a key aspect of performance monitoring, in both species. These neurons are the generators of the error-related negativity, which is a non-invasive biomarker that indexes error detection. We evaluate a set of tasks that allows the synergistic elucidation of the mechanisms of cognitive control across the two species, consider differences in brain anatomy and testing conditions across species, and describe the clinical relevance of these findings for understanding psychopathology. Last, we integrate the body of experimental facts into a theoretical framework that offers a new perspective on how error signals are computed in both species and makes novel, testable predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Amirsaman Sajad
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Steven P Errington
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Vision Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Schall
- Center for Integrative & Cognitive Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Vision: Science to Applications (VISTA), York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Morphology of Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Its Relation to Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010033. [PMID: 36614833 PMCID: PMC9821645 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical folding of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), particularly the cingulate (CS) and the paracingulate (PCS) sulci, represents a neurodevelopmental marker. Deviations in in utero development in schizophrenia can be traced using CS and PCS morphometry. In the present study, we measured the length of CS, PCS, and their segments on T1 MRI scans in 93 patients with first- episode schizophrenia and 42 healthy controls. Besides the length, the frequency and the left-right asymmetry of CS/PCS were compared in patients and controls. Distribution of the CS and PCS morphotypes in patients was different from controls. Parcellated sulcal pattern CS3a in the left hemisphere was longer in patients (53.8 ± 25.7 mm vs. 32.7 ± 19.4 mm in controls, p < 0.05), while in CS3c it was reversed—longer in controls (52.5 ± 22.5 mm as opposed to 36.2 ± 12.9 mm, n.s. in patients). Non parcellated PCS in the right hemisphere were longer in patients compared to controls (19.4 ± 10.2 mm vs. 12.1 ± 12.4 mm, p < 0.001). Therefore, concurrent presence of PCS1 and CS1 in the left hemisphere and to some extent in the right hemisphere may be suggestive of a higher probability of schizophrenia.
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12
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Willbrand EH, Parker BJ, Voorhies WI, Miller JA, Lyu I, Hallock T, Aponik-Gremillion L, Koslov SR, Bunge SA, Foster BL, Weiner KS. Uncovering a tripartite landmark in posterior cingulate cortex. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9516. [PMID: 36070384 PMCID: PMC9451146 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding brain structure-function relationships, and their development and evolution, is central to neuroscience research. Here, we show that morphological differences in posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), a hub of functional brain networks, predict individual differences in macroanatomical, microstructural, and functional features of PCC. Manually labeling 4511 sulci in 572 hemispheres, we found a shallow cortical indentation (termed the inframarginal sulcus; ifrms) within PCC that is absent from neuroanatomical atlases yet colocalized with a focal, functional region of the lateral frontoparietal network implicated in cognitive control. This structural-functional coupling generalized to meta-analyses consisting of hundreds of studies and thousands of participants. Additional morphological analyses showed that unique properties of the ifrms differ across the life span and between hominoid species. These findings support a classic theory that shallow, tertiary sulci serve as landmarks in association cortices. They also beg the question: How many other cortical indentations have we missed?
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H. Willbrand
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Benjamin J. Parker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Willa I. Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jacob A. Miller
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Ilwoo Lyu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Tyler Hallock
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - Seth R. Koslov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Silvia A. Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Brett L. Foster
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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13
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Fedeli D, Del Maschio N, Del Mauro G, Defendenti F, Sulpizio S, Abutalebi J. Cingulate cortex morphology impacts on neurofunctional activity and behavioral performance in interference tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13684. [PMID: 35953536 PMCID: PMC9372177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control is the capacity to withhold or suppress a thought or action intentionally. The anterior Midcingulate Cortex (aMCC) participates in response inhibition, a proxy measure of inhibitory control. Recent research suggests that response inhibition is modulated by individual variability in the aMCC sulcal morphology. However, no study has investigated if this phenomenon is associated with neurofunctional differences during a task. In this study, 42 participants performed an Attention Network Task and a Numerical Stroop task in an MRI scanner. We investigated differences in brain activity and response inhibition efficiency between individuals with symmetric and asymmetric aMCC sulcal patterns. The results showed that aMCC morphological variability is partly associated with inhibitory control, and revealed greater activation in individuals with symmetric patterns during the Stroop task. Our findings provide novel insights into the functional correlates of the relationship between aMCC morphology and executive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fedeli
- Neuroradiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy.,Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Defendenti
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina, 58, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMi), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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14
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Aghamohammadi-Sereshki A, McMorris CA, Ben Gibbard W, Tortorelli C, Pike GB, Lebel C. Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neurobehavioural development and volume of rostral cingulate cortex subregions. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E272-E282. [PMID: 35882478 PMCID: PMC9337872 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have widespread and long-lasting effects on children's cognition, behaviour, brain function and structure. The pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior midcingulate cortex (MCC) mediate emotional and cognitive behaviours that are affected by prenatal alcohol exposure. However, the neurobehavioural development of the pregenual ACC and anterior MCC has not been examined in people with prenatal alcohol exposure. METHODS We recruited 30 children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure and 50 age- and gender-matched unexposed controls. We acquired structural MRI data sets on a 3 T scanner. We manually delineated 2 areas of the rostral cingulate cortex - the pregenual ACC and the anterior MCC - and compared them between groups. We measured behavioural and emotional problems using the Behaviour Assessment System for Children, 2nd Edition, Parent Rating Scale, and then explored their associations with rostral cingulate cortex volumes. RESULTS Intracranial-normalized volumes of the right pregenual ACC and the right total rostral cingulate cortex were significantly smaller in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure than in unexposed controls. The volume of the right anterior MCC had a significant positive association with scores on the Internalizing Problems scale in individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure. LIMITATIONS This study was cross-sectional, and detailed information about the timing and amount of exposure was not always available. CONCLUSION Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with lower volumes in the right pregenual ACC. This finding may underlie some of the emotional and behavioural problems experienced by individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Aghamohammadi-Sereshki
- From the Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Aghamohammadi-Sereshki, Pike, Lebel); the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta. (McMorris, Gibbard, Lebel); the Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McMorris); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Gibbard); the Department of Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alta. (Tortorelli); the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alta. (Pike); the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Pike, Lebel)
| | | | | | | | | | - Catherine Lebel
- From the Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Aghamohammadi-Sereshki, Pike, Lebel); the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alta. (McMorris, Gibbard, Lebel); the Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (McMorris); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Gibbard); the Department of Child Studies and Social Work, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alta. (Tortorelli); the Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alta. (Pike); the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta. (Pike, Lebel)
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15
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Investigating the association between variability in sulcal pattern and academic achievement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12323. [PMID: 35854034 PMCID: PMC9296655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating how the brain may constrain academic achievement is not only relevant to understanding brain structure but also to providing insight into the origins of individual differences in these academic abilities. In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether the variability of sulcal patterns, a qualitative feature of the brain determined in-utero and not affected by brain maturation and learning, accounted for individual differences in reading and mathematics. Participants were 97 typically developing 10-year-olds. We examined (a) the association between the sulcal pattern of the IntraParietal Sulcus (IPS) and mathematical ability; (b) the association between the sulcal pattern of the Occipito Temporal Sulcus (OTS) and reading ability; and (c) the overlap and specificity of sulcal morphology of IPS and OTS and their associations with mathematics and reading. Despite its large sample, the present study was unable to replicate a previously observed relationship between the IPS sulcal pattern and mathematical ability and a previously observed association between the left posterior OTS sulcal pattern and reading. We found a weak association between right IPS sulcal morphology and symbolic number abilities and a weak association between left posterior OTS and reading. However, both these associations were the opposite of previous reports. We found no evidence for a possible overlap or specificity in the effect of sulcal morphology on mathematics and reading. Possible explanations for this weak association between sulcal morphology and academic achievement and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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16
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Harper L, Lindberg O, Bocchetta M, Todd EG, Strandberg O, van Westen D, Stomrud E, Landqvist Waldö M, Wahlund LO, Hansson O, Rohrer JD, Santillo A. Prenatal Gyrification Pattern Affects Age at Onset in Frontotemporal Dementia. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3937-3944. [PMID: 35034126 PMCID: PMC9476616 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The paracingulate sulcus is a tertiary sulcus formed during the third trimester. In healthy individuals paracingulate sulcation is more prevalent in the left hemisphere. The anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri are focal points of neurodegeneration in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). This study aims to determine the prevalence and impact of paracingulate sulcation in bvFTD. Structural magnetic resonance images of individuals with bvFTD (n = 105, mean age 66.9 years), Alzheimer's disease (n = 92, 73.3), and healthy controls (n = 110, 62.4) were evaluated using standard protocol for hemispheric paracingulate sulcal presence. No difference in left hemisphere paracingulate sulcal frequency was observed between groups; 0.72, 0.79, and 0.70, respectively, in the bvFTD, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy control groups, (P = 0.3). A significant impact of right (but not left) hemispheric paracingulate sulcation on age at disease onset was identified in bvFTD (mean 60.4 years where absent vs. 63.8 where present [P = 0.04, Cohen's d = 0.42]). This relationship was not observed in Alzheimer's disease. These findings demonstrate a relationship between prenatal neuronal development and the expression of a neurodegenerative disease providing a gross morphological example of brain reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Harper
- Address correspondence to Luke Harper, Medical Sciences, Neuroscience, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, Lund 22100, Sweden.
| | - Olof Lindberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Emily G Todd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 21185, Sweden
- Image and Function, Skåne University Hospital, Lund 22185, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Maria Landqvist Waldö
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Lars-Olof Wahlund
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alexander Santillo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
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17
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Cachia A, Borst G, Jardri R, Raznahan A, Murray GK, Mangin JF, Plaze M. Towards Deciphering the Fetal Foundation of Normal Cognition and Cognitive Symptoms From Sulcation of the Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:712862. [PMID: 34650408 PMCID: PMC8505772 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.712862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that prenatal processes play an important role for cognitive ability in normal and clinical conditions. In this context, several neuroimaging studies searched for features in postnatal life that could serve as a proxy for earlier developmental events. A very interesting candidate is the sulcal, or sulco-gyral, patterns, macroscopic features of the cortex anatomy related to the fold topology-e.g., continuous vs. interrupted/broken fold, present vs. absent fold-or their spatial organization. Indeed, as opposed to quantitative features of the cortical sheet (e.g., thickness, surface area or curvature) taking decades to reach the levels measured in adult, the qualitative sulcal patterns are mainly determined before birth and stable across the lifespan. The sulcal patterns therefore offer a window on the fetal constraints on specific brain areas on cognitive abilities and clinical symptoms that manifest later in life. After a global review of the cerebral cortex sulcation, its mechanisms, its ontogenesis along with methodological issues on how to measure the sulcal patterns, we present a selection of studies illustrating that analysis of the sulcal patterns can provide information on prenatal dispositions to cognition (with a focus on cognitive control and academic abilities) and cognitive symptoms (with a focus on schizophrenia and bipolar disorders). Finally, perspectives of sulcal studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, IPNP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, INSERM U-1172, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre, Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, Lille, France
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marion Plaze
- Université de Paris, IPNP, INSERM, Paris, France.,GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris, Paris, France
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18
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Miller EN, Hof PR, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD. The Paracingulate Sulcus Is a Unique Feature of the Medial Frontal Cortex Shared by Great Apes and Humans. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:26-36. [PMID: 34192698 DOI: 10.1159/000517293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Primate brains display a wide range of variation in size and cerebral gyrification, leading to the appearance of novel sulci in particular groups of species. We investigated sulcal organization in the medial frontal cortex of great apes, with a particular focus on the paracingulate sulcus (PCGS). Until recently, the presence of the PCGS was thought to be a structural feature unique to the human brain. However, upon closer examination, the PCGS has been observed as a variable feature that also may appear in chimpanzee brains. To understand the evolutionary origins of the sulcal anatomy in the medial frontal cortex of apes, we examined high-resolution MRI scans for the presence or absence of the PCGS and, when present, measured its length in a sample of ape brains (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, gibbons, and siamangs). We found that the PCGS is variable in its appearance among these species, being present in 23 to 50% of great ape individuals depending on the species, but not present in gibbons or siamangs. We did not find population level hemispheric lateralization patterns or sex differences in PCGS presence across species, and we did not detect a relationship between cerebral volume and PCGS occurrence or length. Our data suggest that the PCGS is a common sulcal variant present in great apes and humans due to a shared evolutionary ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine N Miller
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA
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19
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Revisiting the Morphology and Classification of the Paracingulate Gyrus with Commentaries on Ambiguous Cases. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070872. [PMID: 34210078 PMCID: PMC8301833 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex is considered to play a crucial role in cognitive and affective regulation. However, this area shows a high degree of morphological interindividual variability and asymmetry. It is especially true regarding the paracingulate sulcus and paracingulate gyrus (PCG). Since the reports described in the literature are mainly based on imaging techniques, the goal of this study was to verify the classification of the PCG based on anatomical material. Special attention was given to ambiguous cases. The PCG was absent in 26.4% of specimens. The gyrus was classified as present in 28.3% of cases. The prominent type of the PCG was observed in 37.7% of the total. Occasionally, the gyrus was well-developed and roughly only a few millimeters were missing for classifying the gyrus as prominent, as it ended slightly anterior the level of the VAC. The remaining four cases involved two inconclusive types. We observed that the callosomarginal artery ran within the cingulate sulcus and provided branches that crossed the PCG. Based on Klingler’s dissection technique, we observed a close relationship of the PCG with the superior longitudinal fascicle. The awareness of the anatomical variability observed within the brain cortex is an essential starting point for in-depth research.
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20
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Hopkins WD, Procyk E, Petrides M, Schapiro SJ, Mareno MC, Amiez C. Sulcal Morphology in Cingulate Cortex is Associated with Voluntary Oro-Facial Motor Control and Gestural Communication in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2845-2854. [PMID: 33447847 PMCID: PMC8107786 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in sulcal variation within the anterior and mid-cingulate cortex of the human brain, particularly the presence or absence of a paracingulate sulcus (PCGS), are associated with various motor and cognitive processes. Recently, it has been reported that chimpanzees possess a PCGS, previously thought to be a unique feature of the human brain. Here, we examined whether individual variation in the presence or absence of a PCGS as well as the variability in the intralimbic sulcus (ILS) are associated with oro-facial motor control, handedness for manual gestures, and sex in a sample of MRI scans obtained in 225 chimpanzees. Additionally, we quantified the depth of the cingulate sulcus (CGS) along the anterior-posterior axis and tested for association with oro-facial motor control, handedness, and sex. Chimpanzees with better oro-facial motor control were more likely to have a PCGS, particularly in the left hemisphere compared to those with poorer control. Male chimpanzees with better oro-facial motor control showed increased leftward asymmetries in the depth of the anterior CGS, whereas female chimpanzees showed the opposite pattern. Significantly, more chimpanzees had an ILS in the left compared to the right hemisphere, but variability in this fold was not associated with sex, handedness, or oro-facial motor control. Finally, significant population-level leftward asymmetries were found in the anterior portion of the CGS, whereas significant rightward biases were evident in the posterior regions. The collective results suggest that the emergence of a PCGS and enhanced gyrification within the anterior and mid-cingulate gyrus may have directly or indirectly evolved in response to selection for increasing oro-facial motor control in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
| | - Michael Petrides
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven J Schapiro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mary Catherine Mareno
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, USA
| | - Celine Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, Bron, France
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21
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Imada Y, Takumi T, Aoyama H, Sadatomo T, Kurisu K. Morphological Classification of the Medial Frontal Cortex Based on Cadaver Dissections: A Guide for Interhemispheric Approach. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2021; 61:302-311. [PMID: 33854001 PMCID: PMC8120095 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2020-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial frontal cortex (MFC) is a part of the medial surface of the frontal lobe situated in the rostral portion of the corpus callosum (CC). In a surgical interhemispheric approach (IHA), the MFC covers the anterior communicating artery (Aco) complex until the final stage of dissection. To clarify the anatomical relationship between the MFC and the Aco complex, and to facilitate orientation in IHA, we analyzed the morphological features of the MFC in number, size, and pattern of gyri from the medial surface of the hemisphere in the subcallosal portion using 53 adult cadaveric hemispheres. The mean width of the MFC excluding cingulate gyrus (MFCexcg) was 20.6 ± as mm in the subcallosal portion. MFCexcg consisting of 2, 3, 4, or 5 gyri were observed in 7.5%, 56.6%, 32.1%, or 3.8% of the hemispheres, respectively. Bilateral MFCexcg consisting of >2 gyri were observed in approximately 85% of the hemispheres. Therefore, in many cases, the dissection performed at 2 cm upward from the base of the straight gyrus (SG) or 3–4 gyri of the MFC is sufficient to safely reach the upper portion of the cistern of lamina terminalis located distal to the Aco complex in IHA. The MFC is a good landmark for intraoperative orientation in IHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Toru Takumi
- Department of Integrative Bioscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine
| | - Hirohiko Aoyama
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,Faculty of Health Science, Hiroshima International University
| | | | - Kaoru Kurisu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chugoku-Rosai Hospital
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22
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Dazzan P, Lawrence AJ, Reinders AATS, Egerton A, van Haren NEM, Merritt K, Barker GJ, Perez-Iglesias R, Sendt KV, Demjaha A, Nam KW, Sommer IE, Pantelis C, Wolfgang Fleischhacker W, van Rossum IW, Galderisi S, Mucci A, Drake R, Lewis S, Weiser M, Martinez Diaz-Caneja CM, Janssen J, Diaz-Marsa M, Rodríguez-Jimenez R, Arango C, Baandrup L, Broberg B, Rostrup E, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj B, Kahn RS, McGuire P. Symptom Remission and Brain Cortical Networks at First Clinical Presentation of Psychosis: The OPTiMiSE Study. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:444-455. [PMID: 33057670 PMCID: PMC7965060 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with psychoses have brain alterations, particularly in frontal and temporal cortices, that may be particularly prominent, already at illness onset, in those more likely to have poorer symptom remission following treatment with the first antipsychotic. The identification of strong neuroanatomical markers of symptom remission could thus facilitate stratification and individualized treatment of patients with schizophrenia. We used magnetic resonance imaging at baseline to examine brain regional and network correlates of subsequent symptomatic remission in 167 medication-naïve or minimally treated patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, or schizoaffective disorder entering a three-phase trial, at seven sites. Patients in remission at the end of each phase were randomized to treatment as usual, with or without an adjunctive psycho-social intervention for medication adherence. The final follow-up visit was at 74 weeks. A total of 108 patients (70%) were in remission at Week 4, 85 (55%) at Week 22, and 97 (63%) at Week 74. We found no baseline regional differences in volumes, cortical thickness, surface area, or local gyrification between patients who did or did not achieved remission at any time point. However, patients not in remission at Week 74, at baseline showed reduced structural connectivity across frontal, anterior cingulate, and insular cortices. A similar pattern was evident in patients not in remission at Week 4 and Week 22, although not significantly. Lack of symptom remission in first-episode psychosis is not associated with regional brain alterations at illness onset. Instead, when the illness becomes a stable entity, its association with the altered organization of cortical gyrification becomes more defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK; tel: +44 0207-848-0700, fax: +44 (0)207 848 0287, e-mail:
| | - Andrew J Lawrence
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Antje A T S Reinders
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kate Merritt
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rocio Perez-Iglesias
- Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Kyra-Verena Sendt
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Arsime Demjaha
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kie W Nam
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Wolfgang Fleischhacker
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Division of Psychiatry I, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Inge Winter van Rossum
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Richard Drake
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Shon Lewis
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK,Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Weiser
- Department of Psychiatry, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Covadonga M Martinez Diaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joost Janssen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos; CIBERSAM; Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodríguez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12); CIBERSAM; Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lone Baandrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian Broberg
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rene S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip McGuire
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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23
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Fedeli D, Del Maschio N, Caprioglio C, Sulpizio S, Abutalebi J. Sulcal Pattern Variability and Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex Functional Connectivity Across Adult Age. Brain Connect 2020; 10:267-278. [PMID: 32567343 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) is a key network hub for cognitive control and environmental adaptation. Previous studies have shown that task-based functional activity in this area is constrained by individual differences in sulcal pattern, a morphologic feature of cortex anatomy determined during fetal life and stable throughout development. Methods: By using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging and seed-based resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), we explored the influence of sulcal pattern variability on the functional architecture of the dACC in a sample of healthy adults aged 20-80 years (n = 173). Results: Overall, rsFC was associated with individual differences in sulcal pattern. Furthermore, rsFC was modulated by the age-sulcal pattern interaction. Conclusion: Our results suggest a relationship between brain structure and function that partly traces back to early stages of brain development. The modulation of rsFC by the age-sulcal pattern interaction indicates that the effects of sulcal pattern variability on the functional architecture of the dACC may change over adulthood, with potential repercussions for brain network efficiency and cognitive function in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fedeli
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Camilla Caprioglio
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging (LANVIE), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.,The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Imburgio MJ, Banica I, Hill KE, Weinberg A, Foti D, MacNamara A. Establishing norms for error-related brain activity during the arrow Flanker task among young adults. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116694. [PMID: 32142881 PMCID: PMC7197955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological assessments typically rely on self-report and behavioral measures. Augmenting these with neurophysiological measures of the construct in question may increase the accuracy and predictive power of these assessments. Moreover, thinking about neurophysiological measures from an assessment perspective may facilitate under-utilized research approaches (e.g., brain-based recruitment of participants). However, the lack of normative data for most neurophysiological measures has prevented the comparison of individual responses to the general population, precluding these approaches. The current work examines the distributions of two event-related potentials (ERPs) commonly used in individual differences research: the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Across three lab sites, 800 unselected participants between the ages of 18 and 30 performed the arrow version of a Flanker task while EEG was recorded. Percentile scores and distributions for ERPs on error trials, correct trials, and the difference (ΔERN, ΔPe; error minus correct) at Fz, Cz and Pz are reported. The 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile values for the ΔERN at Cz were -2.37 μV, -5.41 μV, and -8.65 μV, respectively. The same values for ΔPe at Cz were 7.51 μV, 11.18 μV, and 15.55 μV. Females displayed significantly larger ΔPe magnitudes and smaller ΔERN magnitudes than males. Additionally, normative data for behavioral performance (accuracy, post-error slowing, and reaction time) on the Flanker task is reported. Results provide a means by which ERN and Pe amplitudes of young adults elicited by the arrow Flanker task can be benchmarked, facilitating the classification of neural responses as 'large,' 'medium,' or 'small'. The ability to classify responses in this manner is a necessary step towards expanded use of these measures in assessment and research settings. These norms may not apply to ERPs elicited by other tasks, and future work should establish similar norms using other tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Imburgio
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Iulia Banica
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kaylin E Hill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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25
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Anterior cingulate morphology in people at genetic high-risk of schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 27:377-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 10/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundMorphological abnormalities of the anterior cingulate (AC) occur in patients with schizophrenia and in symptomatic high-risk individuals, and may be predictive of subsequent psychosis. We investigated AC sulcal morphology in the Edinburgh High Risk Study cohort to see if such abnormalities are evident and predict psychosis in patients’ relatives. We also investigated the association of the cingulate sulcus (CS) and paracingulate sulcus (PCS) variants with intelligence quotient (IQ).Patients and methodsWe compared cingulate and paracingulate sulcal anatomy, using reliable standardised measurements, blind to group membership, in those at high genetic risk (n = 146), first episode patients (n = 34) and healthy controls (n = 36); and compared high-risk subjects who did (n = 17) or did not develop schizophrenia.ResultsInterruptions of the cingulate sulcus were more common in high-risk individuals and in those with schizophrenia, in both hemispheres, compared to controls. When separated by gender, these results were only present in males in the left hemisphere and only in females in the right hemisphere. A well-formed paracingulate sulcus was less common in high-risk participants and patients with schizophrenia, compared to controls; but this association was only present in males. These morphological variants of the paracingulate sulcus and the continuous cingulate sulcus were also associated with the higher IQ in male high-risk individuals.ConclusionsAn interrupted cingulate sulcus pattern in both males and females and paracingulate morphology in males are associated with increased genetic risk of schizophrenia. Associations between cingulate and paracingulate morphology and premorbid IQ scores provide evidence that intellectual ability could be related to particular cytoarchitectural brain regions. Given that these sulci develop in early fetal life, such findings presumably reflect early neurodevelopmental abnormalities of genetic origin, although environmental effects and interactions cannot be ruled out.
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26
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Setroikromo SN, Bauduin SE, Reesen JE, van der Werff SJ, Smit AS, Vermetten E, van der Wee NJ. Cortical Thickness in Dutch Police Officers: An Examination of Factors Associated with Resilience. J Trauma Stress 2020; 33:181-189. [PMID: 32162369 PMCID: PMC7216895 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous neuroimaging studies on resilience have generally compared resilience and psychopathology after stress exposure, which does not allow for conclusions regarding correlates specific to resilience. The aim of the present study was to investigate resilience-specific correlates in cortical thickness and/or cortical surface area and their correlations with psychometric measurements, using a three-group design that included a non-trauma-exposed control group in order to disentangle effects related to resilience from those related to psychopathology. Structural magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 82 Dutch police officers. Participants were categorized into resilient (n = 31; trauma exposure, no psychopathology), vulnerable (n = 32; trauma exposure, psychopathology), and control groups (n = 19; no trauma exposure, no psychopathology). Specific regions of interest (ROIs) were identified based on previous studies that found the rostral and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to be implicated in trauma-related psychopathology. Cortical thickness and surface area of the ROIs-the rostral and caudal ACC-and of the whole brain were examined. No significant differences in cortical thickness or surface area were found between the resilient group and other groups in the ROI and whole-brain analyses. Thus, the results of the present study provide no evidence of an association between resilience to traumatic stress and measures of thickness and surface area in cortical regions of the brain in a sample of Dutch police officers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoucha N.W. Setroikromo
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Stephanie E.E.C. Bauduin
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Joyce E. Reesen
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven J.A. van der Werff
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Eric Vermetten
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Nic. J.A. van der Wee
- Department of PsychiatryLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and CognitionLeidenthe Netherlands
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27
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Croxson PL, Forkel SJ, Cerliani L, Thiebaut de Schotten M. Structural Variability Across the Primate Brain: A Cross-Species Comparison. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:3829-3841. [PMID: 29045561 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A large amount of variability exists across human brains; revealed initially on a small scale by postmortem studies and, more recently, on a larger scale with the advent of neuroimaging. Here we compared structural variability between human and macaque monkey brains using grey and white matter magnetic resonance imaging measures. The monkey brain was overall structurally as variable as the human brain, but variability had a distinct distribution pattern, with some key areas showing high variability. We also report the first evidence of a relationship between anatomical variability and evolutionary expansion in the primate brain. This suggests a relationship between variability and stability, where areas of low variability may have evolved less recently and have more stability, while areas of high variability may have evolved more recently and be less similar across individuals. We showed specific differences between the species in key areas, including the amount of hemispheric asymmetry in variability, which was left-lateralized in the human brain across several phylogenetically recent regions. This suggests that cerebral variability may be another useful measure for comparison between species and may add another dimension to our understanding of evolutionary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Croxson
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Natbrainlab, Department Forensics and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Cerliani
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour group, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour group, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France.,Frontlab, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), UPMC UMRS 1127, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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28
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Garrison JR, Fernyhough C, McCarthy-Jones S, Simons JS, Sommer IEC. Paracingulate Sulcus Morphology and Hallucinations in Clinical and Nonclinical Groups. Schizophr Bull 2019; 45:733-741. [PMID: 30380115 PMCID: PMC6581129 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinations are a characteristic symptom of psychotic mental health conditions that are also experienced by many individuals without a clinical diagnosis. Hallucinations in schizophrenia have been linked to differences in the length of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS), a structure in the medial prefrontal cortex which has previously been associated with the ability to differentiate perceived and imagined information. We investigated whether this putative morphological basis for hallucinations extends to individuals without a clinical diagnosis, by examining whether nonclinical individuals with hallucinations have shorter PCS than nonclinical individuals without hallucinations. Structural MRI scans were examined from 3 demographically matched groups of individuals: 50 patients with psychotic diagnoses who experienced auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), 50 nonclinical individuals with AVHs, and 50 healthy control subjects with no life-time history of hallucinations. Results were verified using automated data-driven gyrification analyses. Patients with hallucinations had shorter PCS than both healthy controls and nonclinical individuals with hallucinations, with no difference between nonclinical individuals with hallucinations and healthy controls. These findings suggest that the association of shorter PCS length with hallucinations is specific to patients with a psychotic disorder. This presents challenges for full-continuum models of psychosis and suggests possible differences in the mechanisms underlying hallucinations in clinical and nonclinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Garrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK; tel: +44-1223-333535, e-mail:
| | | | | | - Jon S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iris E C Sommer
- Department of Neuroscience, Rijks Universiteit Groningen (RUG), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Department of Medical and Biological Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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29
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Duan D, Xia S, Rekik I, Meng Y, Wu Z, Wang L, Lin W, Gilmore JH, Shen D, Li G. Exploring folding patterns of infant cerebral cortex based on multi-view curvature features: Methods and applications. Neuroimage 2019; 185:575-592. [PMID: 30130646 PMCID: PMC6289765 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly convoluted cortical folding of the human brain is intriguingly complex and variable across individuals. Exploring the underlying representative patterns of cortical folding is of great importance for many neuroimaging studies. At term birth, all major cortical folds are established and are minimally affected by the complicated postnatal environments; hence, neonates are the ideal candidates for exploring early postnatal cortical folding patterns, which yet remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose a novel method for exploring the representative regional folding patterns of infant brains. Specifically, first, multi-view curvature features are constructed to comprehensively characterize the complex characteristics of cortical folding. Second, for each view of curvature features, a similarity matrix is computed to measure the similarity of cortical folding in a specific region between any pair of subjects. Next, a similarity network fusion method is adopted to nonlinearly and adaptively fuse all the similarity matrices into a single one for retaining both shared and complementary similarity information of the multiple characteristics of cortical folding. Finally, based on the fused similarity matrix and a hierarchical affinity propagation clustering approach, all subjects are automatically grouped into several clusters to obtain the representative folding patterns. To show the applications, we have applied the proposed method to a large-scale dataset with 595 normal neonates and discovered representative folding patterns in several cortical regions, i.e., the superior temporal gyrus (STG), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), precuneus, and cingulate cortex. Meanwhile, we have revealed sex difference in STG, IFG, and cingulate cortex, as well as hemispheric asymmetries in STG and cingulate cortex in terms of cortical folding patterns. Moreover, we have also validated the proposed method on a public adult dataset, i.e., the Human Connectome Project (HCP), and revealed that certain major cortical folding patterns of adults are largely established at term birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingna Duan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Shunren Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Islem Rekik
- BASIRA Lab, CVIP, Computing, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Yu Meng
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Zhengwang Wu
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Weili Lin
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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30
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Kuhn T, Gullett JM, Boutzoukas AE, Bohsali A, Mareci TH, FitzGerald DB, Carney PR, Bauer RM. Temporal lobe epilepsy affects spatial organization of entorhinal cortex connectivity. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 88:87-95. [PMID: 30243111 PMCID: PMC6294293 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for structural connectivity patterns within the medial temporal lobe derives primarily from postmortem histological studies. In humans and nonhuman primates, the parahippocampal gyrus (PHg) is subdivided into parahippocampal (PHc) and perirhinal (PRc) cortices, which receive input from distinct cortical networks. Likewise, their efferent projections to the entorhinal cortex (ERc) are distinct. The PHc projects primarily to the medial ERc (M-ERc). The PRc projects primarily to the lateral portion of the ERc (L-ERc). Both M-ERc and L-ERc, via the perforant pathway, project to the dentate gyrus and hippocampal (HC) subfields. Until recently, these neural circuits could not be visualized in vivo. Diffusion tensor imaging algorithms have been developed to segment gray matter structures based on probabilistic connectivity patterns. However, these algorithms have not yet been applied to investigate connectivity in the temporal lobe or changes in connectivity architecture related to disease processes. In this study, this segmentation procedure was used to classify ERc gray matter based on PRc, ERc, and HC connectivity patterns in 7 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without hippocampal sclerosis (mean age, 14.86 ± 3.34 years) and 7 healthy controls (mean age, 23.86 ± 2.97 years). Within samples paired t-tests allowed for comparison of ERc connectivity between epileptogenic and contralateral hemispheres. In healthy controls, there were no significant within-group differences in surface area, volume, or cluster number of ERc connectivity-defined regions (CDR). Likewise, in line with histology results, ERc CDR in the control group were well-organized, uniform, and segregated via PRc/PHc afferent and HC efferent connections. Conversely, in TLE, there were significantly more PRc and HC CDR clusters in the epileptogenic than the contralateral hemisphere. The surface area of the PRc CDR was greater, and that of the HC CDRs was smaller, in the epileptogenic hemisphere as well. Further, there was no clear delineation between M-ERc and L-ERc connectivity with PRc, PHc or HC in TLE. These results suggest a breakdown of the spatial organization of PHg-ERc-HC connectivity in TLE. Whether this breakdown is the cause or result of epileptic activity remains an exciting research question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Joseph M Gullett
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of VA Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Center Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Angelique E Boutzoukas
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Bohsali
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Thomas H Mareci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - David B FitzGerald
- Department of VA Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Center Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Paul R Carney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; J. Crayton Pruitt Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; B.J. and Eve Wilder Epilepsy Center Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Russell M Bauer
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of VA Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcolm Randall VA Center Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Amiez C, Wilson CRE, Procyk E. Variations of cingulate sulcal organization and link with cognitive performance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13988. [PMID: 30228357 PMCID: PMC6143647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32088-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sulcal morphology of the human medial frontal cortex has received marked interest because of (1) its remarkable link with the functional organization of this region, and (2) observations that deviations from 'normal' sulcal morphological variability correlate with the prevalence of some psychiatric disorders, cognitive abilities, or personality traits. Unfortunately, background studies on environmental or genetic factors influencing the ontogenesis of the sulcal organization in this region are critically lacking. We analysed the sulcal morphological organization in this region in twins and non-twin siblings, as well as in control subjects for a total of 599 subjects from the Human Connectome Project. The data first confirm significant biases in the presence of paracingulate sulci in left vs right hemispheres in the whole population (twin: p < 2.4.10-9; non-twin: p < 2.10-6) demonstrating a clear general laterality in human subjects. Second, measures of similarity between siblings and estimations of heritability suggest significant environmental factors, in particular in-womb environment, and weak additive genetic factors influencing the presence of a paracingulate sulcus. Finally, we found that relationships between sulcal organization and performance in cognitive, motor, and affective tests depend on the twin status (Twins versus Non-twins). These results provide important new insights to the issue of the significance of sulcal organization in the human medial frontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Amiez
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France.
| | - Charles R E Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Inserm, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute U1208, 69500, Bron, France
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Del Maschio N, Sulpizio S, Fedeli D, Ramanujan K, Ding G, Weekes BS, Cachia A, Abutalebi J. ACC Sulcal Patterns and Their Modulation on Cognitive Control Efficiency Across Lifespan: A Neuroanatomical Study on Bilinguals and Monolinguals. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:3091-3101. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key structure implicated in the regulation of cognitive control (CC). Previous studies suggest that variability in the ACC sulcal pattern—a neurodevelopmental marker unaffected by maturation or plasticity after birth—is associated with intersubject differences in CC performance. Here, we investigated whether bilingual experience modulates the effects of ACC sulcal variability on CC performance across the lifespan. Using structural MRI, we first established the distribution of the ACC sulcal patterns in a large sample of healthy individuals (N = 270) differing on gender and ethnicity. Second, a participants’ subsample (N = 157) was selected to test whether CC performance was differentially affected by ACC sulcation in bilinguals and monolinguals across age. A prevalent leftward asymmetry unaffected by gender or ethnicity was reported. Sulcal variability in the ACC predicted CC performance differently in bilinguals and monolinguals, with a reversed pattern of structure–function relationship: asymmetrical versus symmetrical ACC sulcal patterns were associated with a performance advantage in monolinguals and a performance detriment to bilinguals and vice versa. Altogether, these findings provide novel insights on the dynamic interplay between early neurodevelopment, environmental background and cognitive efficiency across age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Davide Fedeli
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Keerthi Ramanujan
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guosheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Brendan S Weekes
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Imaging Biomarkers for Brain Development and Disorders, Ste Anne Hospital, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function that enables humans to resist habits, temptations, or distractions. IC efficiency in childhood is a strong predictor of academic and professional success later in life. Based on analysis of the sulcal pattern, a qualitative feature of cortex anatomy determined during fetal life and stable during development, we searched for evidence that interindividual differences in IC partly trace back to prenatal processes. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we analyzed the sulcal pattern of two key regions of the IC neural network, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), which limits the inferior frontal gyrus. We found that the sulcal pattern asymmetry of both the ACC and IFC contributes to IC (Stroop score) in children and adults: participants with asymmetrical ACC or IFC sulcal patterns had better IC efficiency than participants with symmetrical ACC or IFC sulcal patterns. Such additive effects of IFC and ACC sulcal patterns on IC efficiency suggest that distinct early neurodevelopmental mechanisms targeting different brain regions likely contribute to IC efficiency. This view shares some analogies with the “common variant–small effect” model in genetics, which states that frequent genetic polymorphisms have small effects but collectively account for a large portion of the variance. Similarly, each sulcal polymorphism has a small but additive effect: IFC and ACC sulcal patterns, respectively, explained 3% and 14% of the variance of the Stroop interference scores.
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Kurth F, Thompson PM, Luders E. Investigating the differential contributions of sex and brain size to gray matter asymmetry. Cortex 2017; 99:235-242. [PMID: 29287244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Scientific reports of sex differences in brain asymmetry - the difference between the two hemispheres - are rather inconsistent. Some studies report no sex differences whatsoever, others reveal striking sex effects, with large discrepancies across studies in the magnitude, direction, and location of the observed effects. One reason for the lack of consistency in findings may be the confounding effects of brain size as male brains are usually larger than female brains. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the differential contributions of sex and brain size to asymmetry with a particular focus on gray matter. For this purpose, we applied a well-validated workflow for voxel-wise gray matter asymmetry analyses in a sample of 96 participants (48 males/48 females), in which a subsample of brains (24 males/24 females) were matched for size. By comparing outcomes based on three different contrasts - all males versus all females; all large brains versus all small brains; matched males versus matched females - we were able to disentangle the contributing effects of sex and brain size, to reveal true (size-independent) sex differences in gray matter asymmetry: Males show a significantly stronger rightward asymmetry than females within the cerebellum, specifically in lobules VII, VIII, and IX. This finding agrees closely with prior research suggesting sex differences in sensorimotor, cognitive and emotional function, which are all moderated by the respective cerebellar sections. No other significant sex effects on gray matter were detected across the remainder of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kurth
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck USC School of Medicine, Marina Del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Eileen Luders
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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Cachia A, Del Maschio N, Borst G, Della Rosa PA, Pallier C, Costa A, Houdé O, Abutalebi J. Anterior cingulate cortex sulcation and its differential effects on conflict monitoring in bilinguals and monolinguals. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 175:57-63. [PMID: 29017088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in modulating the effect of bilingual experience on cognitive control has been reported at both functional and structural neural levels. Individual differences in the ACC sulcal patterns have been recently correlated with cognitive control efficiency in monolinguals. We aimed to investigate whether differences of ACC sulcation mediate the effect of bilingualism on cognitive control efficiency. We contrasted the performance of bilinguals and monolinguals during a cognitive control task (i.e., the Flanker Task) using a stratification based on the participants' ACC sulcal features. We found that performance of the two groups was differentially affected by ACC sulcation. Our findings provide the first evidence that early neurodevelopmental mechanisms may modulate the effect of different environmental backgrounds - here, bilingual vs monolingual experience - on cognitive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cachia
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Biomarkers of Brain Development and Disorders, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, INSERM UMR894, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Gregoire Borst
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Christophe Pallier
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DSV/I2BM, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin Center, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Albert Costa
- Universitat de Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona & ICREA, Spain
| | - Olivier Houdé
- Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Sorbonne, CNRS UMR8240, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
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Cheng KS, Chang YF, Han RPS, Lee PF. Enhanced conflict monitoring via a short-duration, video-assisted deep breathing in healthy young adults: an event-related potential approach through the Go/NoGo paradigm. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3857. [PMID: 29018605 PMCID: PMC5633029 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Practitioners of mindfulness are reported to have greater cognitive control especially in conflict monitoring, response inhibition and sustained attention. However, due to the various existing methods in each mindfulness practices and also, the high commitment factor, a barrier still exists for an individual to pick up the practices. Therefore, the effect of short duration deep breathing on the cognitive control is investigated here. Methods Short duration guided deep breathing videos consisting of 5, 7 and 9 min respectively were created and used on subjects training. The effect on cognitive control was assessed using a Go/NoGo task along with event-related potential (ERP) measurements at Fz, Cz, and Pz. Results From the study, the significant outcome showed at the follow-up session in which participants engaged for 5 min deep breathing group showed a profound NoGo N2 amplitude increment as compared to the control group, indicating an enhanced conflict monitoring ability. An inverse relationship between the NoGo N2 amplitude and the breathing duration is observed as well at the follow-up session. Conclusion These results indicated the possibility of performing short duration deep breathing guided by a video to achieve an enhanced conflict monitoring as an alternative to other mindfulness practices and 5 min is found to be the optimum practice duration. Significant This study is the first to establish a relationship between deep breathing and conflict monitoring through ERP. The study population of young adults taken from the same environment reduces the variance in ERP results due to age and environment. Limitation A larger sample size would provide a greater statistical power. A longer duration of deep breathing should be investigated to further clarify the relationship between the practice duration and the NoGo N2 amplitude. The result can be split by gender and analyzed separately due to the different brain structure of males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Suen Cheng
- Department of Mechatronics & Biomedical Engineering, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yun Fah Chang
- Department of Mathematical & Actuarial Sciences, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ray P S Han
- College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Poh Foong Lee
- Department of Mechatronics & Biomedical Engineering, University Tunku Abdul Rahman, Bandar Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
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Núñez C, Theofanopoulou C, Senior C, Cambra MR, Usall J, Stephan-Otto C, Brébion G. A large-scale study on the effects of sex on gray matter asymmetry. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:183-193. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Paracingulate Sulcus Asymmetry in the Human Brain: Effects of Sex, Handedness, and Race. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42033. [PMID: 28195205 PMCID: PMC5307317 DOI: 10.1038/srep42033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is thought to play a key role in cognitive and affective regulation, has been widely reported to have a high degree of morphological inter-individual variability and asymmetry. An obvious difference is in the morphology of the paracingulate sulcus (PCS). Three types of PCS have been identified: prominent, present, and absent. In this study, we examined the relationship between PCS asymmetry and whether the asymmetry of the PCS is affected by sex, handedness, or race. PCS measurements were obtained from four datasets. The statistical results revealed that the PCS was more often prominent and present in the left hemisphere than in the right. The percentage of right-handed males with a prominent PCS was greater than that of right-handed females, but the percentage of left-handed males with a prominent PCS was lower than that of left-handed females. In addition, both male and female and both left-handed and right-handed subjects showed a leftward asymmetry of the PCS. Furthermore there were no significant racial differences in the leftward asymmetry of the PCS. Our findings about the morphological characteristics of the PCS may facilitate future clinical and cognitive studies of this area.
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Fujimoto T, Okumura E, Kodabashi A, Takeuchi K, Otsubo T, Nakamura K, Yatsushiro K, Sekine M, Kamiya S, Shimooki S, Tamura T. Sex Differences in Gamma Band Functional Connectivity Between the Frontal Lobe and Cortical Areas During an Auditory Oddball Task, as Revealed by Imaginary Coherence Assessment. Open Neuroimag J 2016; 10:85-101. [PMID: 27708745 PMCID: PMC5041205 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001610010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied sex-related differences in gamma oscillation during an auditory oddball task, using magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography assessment of imaginary coherence (IC). We obtained a statistical source map of event-related desynchronization (ERD) / event-related synchronization (ERS), and compared females and males regarding ERD / ERS. Based on the results, we chose respectively seed regions for IC determinations in low (30-50 Hz), mid (50-100 Hz) and high gamma (100-150 Hz) bands. In males, ERD was increased in the left posterior cingulate cortex (CGp) at 500 ms in the low gamma band, and in the right caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC) at 125 ms in the mid-gamma band. ERS was increased in the left rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) at 375 ms in the high gamma band. We chose the CGp, cACC and rACC as seeds, and examined IC between the seed and certain target regions using the IC map. IC changes depended on the height of the gamma frequency and the time window in the gamma band. Although IC in the mid and high gamma bands did not show sex-specific differences, IC at 30-50 Hz in males was increased between the left rACC and the frontal, orbitofrontal, inferior temporal and fusiform target regions. Increased IC in males suggested that males may acomplish the task constructively, analysingly, emotionally, and by perfoming analysis, and that information processing was more complicated in the cortico-cortical circuit. On the other hand, females showed few differences in IC. Females planned the task with general attention and economical well-balanced processing, which was explained by the higher overall functional cortical connectivity. CGp, cACC and rACC were involved in sex differences in information processing and were likely related to differences in neuroanatomy, hormones and neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Fujimoto
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Okumura
- Medical Imaging Business Department, Ricoh Company, Ltd., Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kodabashi
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kouzou Takeuchi
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Otsubo
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Katsumi Nakamura
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Sekine
- Osaka Electro-Communication University, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kamiya
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Shimooki
- Fujimoto General Hospital, Fujimoto Medical Systems, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Toshiyo Tamura
- Osaka Electro-Communication University, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka, Japan
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Yang X, Hu L, Zeng J, Tan Y, Cheng B. Default mode network and frontolimbic gray matter abnormalities in patients with borderline personality disorder: A voxel-based meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34247. [PMID: 27694955 PMCID: PMC5046132 DOI: 10.1038/srep34247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific frontolimbic abnormalities are hypothesized to underlie the etiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, findings from neuroimaging studies were inconsistent. In the current study, we aimed to provide a complete overview of cerebral microstructural alterations in gray matter (GM) of BPD patients. A total of 11 studies were enrolled, comprising 275 BPD patients and 290 healthy controls (HCs). A meta-analysis was conduct to quantitatively estimate regional GM abnormalities in BPD patients using the seed-based d mapping (SDM). Meta-regression was also conducted. Compared with HCs, the BPD patients exhibited increased GM mainly in bilateral supplementary motor area extending to right posterior cingulated cortex (PCC) and bilateral primary motor cortex, right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and the bilateral precuneus extending to bilateral PCC. Decreased GM was identified in bilateral middle temporal gyri, right inferior frontal gyrus extending to right insular, left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus extending to left medial orbitofrontal cortex. The mean age of BPD patients were found nagativly associated with GM alterations in right MFG. Our findings suggested that BPD patients have significantly GM abnormalities in the default mode network and frontolimbic circuit. Our results provided further evidences in elucidating the underline neural mechanisms of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yang
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Hu
- School of Sociality and Psychology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianguang Zeng
- School of Accounting, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Tan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
| | - Bochao Cheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gay O, Plaze M, Oppenheim C, Gaillard R, Olié JP, Krebs MO, Cachia A. Cognitive control deficit in patients with first-episode schizophrenia is associated with complex deviations of early brain development. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:150267. [PMID: 27673502 PMCID: PMC5373705 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.150267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical and radiological markers of early neurodevelopmental deviations have been independently associated with cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of our study was to test the cumulative and/or interactive effects of these early neurodevelopmental factors on cognitive control (CC) deficit, a core feature of schizophrenia. METHODS We recruited patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, who underwent structural MRI. We evaluated CC efficiency using the Trail Making Test (TMT). Several markers of early brain development were measured: neurological soft signs (NSS), handedness, sulcal pattern of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and ventricle enlargement. RESULTS We included 41 patients with schizophrenia in our analysis, which revealed a main effect of ACC morphology (p = 0.041) as well as interactions between NSS and ACC morphology (p = 0.005), between NSS and handedness (p = 0.044) and between ACC morphology and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume (p = 0.005) on CC measured using the TMT-B score - the TMT-A score. LIMITATIONS No 3- or 4-way interactions were detected between the 4 neurodevelopmental factors. The sample size was clearly adapted to detect main effects and 2-way interactions, but may have limited the statistical power to investigate higher-order interactions. The effects of treatment and illness duration were limited as the study design involved only patients with first-episode psychosis. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence of cumulative and interactive effects of different neurodevelopmental markers on CC efficiency in patients with schizophrenia. Such findings, in line with the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, support the notion that CC impairments in patients with schizophrenia may be the final common pathway of several early neurodevelopmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Gay
- From the INSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, CNRS GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs); the Service d’Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Oppenheim); the CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l’Éducation de l’Enfant, Paris, France (Cachia); and the Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France (Cachia)
| | - Marion Plaze
- From the INSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, CNRS GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs); the Service d’Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Oppenheim); the CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l’Éducation de l’Enfant, Paris, France (Cachia); and the Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France (Cachia)
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- From the INSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, CNRS GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs); the Service d’Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Oppenheim); the CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l’Éducation de l’Enfant, Paris, France (Cachia); and the Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France (Cachia)
| | - Raphael Gaillard
- From the INSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, CNRS GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs); the Service d’Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Oppenheim); the CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l’Éducation de l’Enfant, Paris, France (Cachia); and the Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France (Cachia)
| | - Jean-Pierre Olié
- From the INSERM UMR 894, Centre de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, CNRS GDR 3557, Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Oppenheim, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs, Cachia); the Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Gay, Plaze, Gaillard, Olié, Krebs); the Service d’Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France (Oppenheim); the CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratoire de Psychologie du Développement et de l’Éducation de l’Enfant, Paris, France (Cachia); and the Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France (Cachia)
| | | | - Arnaud Cachia
- Correspondence to: Prof. A. Cachia, Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, UMR 894, INSERM – Université, Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Paris, France;
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42
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Abstract
Many anatomical and brain mapping studies show a higher bilateral symmetry of female brains and a higher asymmetry of male brains so correlations between simple visual and auditory, left- and right-hand reaction times were examined for such sex differences. 20 healthy women and 20 men were tested in two sessions. For women all six response times correlated with each other significantly in Session A, but in Session B there were only two significant interhemispheric correlations. This represented different changes in visual and auditory reaction times between Sessions A and B. Men showed the same pattern in both sessions: a significant correlation between the interhemispheric visual reaction times and one between auditory reaction times. Women showed a total correlation pattern in Session A and an interhemispheric correlation pattern in Session B. This was interpreted as a transition between a holistic information-processing strategy in Session A and an analytic strategy in Session B. Men showed an analytic strategy in both sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Kalb
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
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43
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Harris-Bozer AL, Peng YB. Inflammatory pain by carrageenan recruits low-frequency local field potential changes in the anterior cingulate cortex. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:8-14. [PMID: 27524675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been extensively cited as a key area for processing pain affect. While local field potential (LFP) studies in other fields have yielded a great deal of information about neural oscillations, there is a poverty in the pain literature about the neural LFP profile related to pain, particularly in freely moving animals. In this study, we revealed the LFP profile in the ACC in freely moving rats during carrageenan inflammation. Mechanical allodynia was recorded before and after unilateral injection of carrageenan/saline in the left hindpaw. LFP activity in the ACC was recorded at baseline, after injection, and after injection with mechanical stimulation to the paw using a von Frey filament. This study uniquely reveals that carrageenan injection significantly recruited ACC LFP activity in delta, theta, and alpha bands (0-13Hz). Application of von Frey mechanical stimulation to the carrageenan-injected paw resulted in a significant increase in delta, theta, and alpha bands over and above what was recruited by carrageenan alone and further expanded the LFP range to additionally include beta activity (13-30Hz). Taken together, these data reveal significant changes in the lowest-frequency activities in the LFP range during painful inflammation, which merit attention. LFP is a powerful window to reveal wide-range, integrated synaptic processing by low-frequency cellular events during behavior. Information about LFP during pain broadens the scope of our understanding of pain mechanisms, our greatest resource for designing management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L Harris-Bozer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Yuan B Peng
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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44
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Neonatal ventral hippocampus lesion changes nuclear restricted protein/brain (NRP/B) expression in hippocampus, cortex and striatum in developmental periods of rats. Neuroscience 2016; 319:59-68. [PMID: 26812035 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder in which developmental alterations in immature brain systems are not clear. Rats with neonatal ventral hippocampal lesions (NVHL) can exhibit schizophrenia-like behaviors, and these rats have been widely used to study the developmental mechanisms of schizophrenia. The nuclear restricted protein/brain (NRP/B) is a nuclear matrix protein that is critical for the normal development of the neuronal system. This study assessed the effect of NVHL induced by the administration of ibotenic acid on the protein expression of NRP/B in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum in pre- and post-pubertal rats. The expressions of NeuN in various developmental periods were assessed accordingly. Sprague-Dawley rat pups were administered ibotenic acid at postnatal day (PD) 7. Western blotting and an immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that the expression of NRP/B was significantly decreased in the hippocampus, cortex and striatum of the NVHL rats at PD14, 28 and 42. The expressions of NeuN were decreased accordingly. In vitro experiment showed the NRP/B knockdown can decrease the Tuj1 expression in cultured cortical neurons. The data suggest that NVHL induces a change in NRP/B expression that affects neurons in the developmental period.
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45
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Kremer H, Lutz FPC, McIntosh RC, Dévieux JG, Ironson G. Interhemispheric Asymmetries and Theta Activity in the Rostral Anterior Cingulate Cortex as EEG Signature of HIV-Related Depression: Gender Matters. Clin EEG Neurosci 2016; 47:96-104. [PMID: 25568149 DOI: 10.1177/1550059414563306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resting EEGs of 40 people living with HIV (PLWH) on long-term antiretroviral treatment were examined for z-scored deviations from a healthy control (normative database) to examine the main and interaction effects of depression and gender. Regions of interest were frontal (alpha) and central (all bands) for interhemispheric asymmetries in quantitative EEGs and theta in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) in low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA). Z-scored normed deviations of depressed PLWH, compared with nondepressed, showed right-dominant interhemispheric asymmetries in all regions. However, after adjusting for multiple testing, significance remained only central for theta, alpha, and beta. Reversed (left-dominant) frontal alpha asymmetry is a potential EEG marker of depression in the HIV negative population that was not reversed in depressive PLWH; however, corresponding with extant literature, gender had an effect on the size of frontal alpha asymmetry. The LORETA analysis revealed a trending interactional effect of depression and gender on theta activity in the rACC in Brodmann area 32. We found that compared to men, women had greater right-dominant frontal alpha-asymmetry and elevated theta activity in voxels of the rACC, which may indicate less likelihood of depression and a higher likelihood of response to antidepressants. In conclusion, subtle EEG deviations, such as right-dominant central theta, alpha, and beta asymmetries and theta activity in the rACC may mark HIV-related depressive symptoms and may predict the likelihood of response to antidepressants but gender effects need to be taken into account. Although this study introduced the use of LORETA to examine the neurophysiological correlates of negative affect in PLWH, further research is needed to assess the utility of this tool in diagnostics and treatment monitoring of depression in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidemarie Kremer
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA Robert Stempel School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Franz P C Lutz
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Roger C McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Jessy G Dévieux
- Robert Stempel School of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gail Ironson
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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46
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Cachia A, Borst G, Tissier C, Fisher C, Plaze M, Gay O, Rivière D, Gogtay N, Giedd J, Mangin JF, Houdé O, Raznahan A. Longitudinal stability of the folding pattern of the anterior cingulate cortex during development. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 19:122-7. [PMID: 26974743 PMCID: PMC4912935 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal processes are likely critical for the differences in cognitive ability and disease risk that unfold in postnatal life. Prenatally established cortical folding patterns are increasingly studied as an adult proxy for earlier development events - under the as yet untested assumption that an individual's folding pattern is developmentally fixed. Here, we provide the first empirical test of this stability assumption using 263 longitudinally-acquired structural MRI brain scans from 75 typically developing individuals spanning ages 7 to 32 years. We focus on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) - an intensely studied cortical region that presents two qualitatively distinct and reliably classifiable sulcal patterns with links to postnatal behavior. We show - without exception-that individual ACC sulcal patterns are fixed from childhood to adulthood, at the same time that quantitative anatomical ACC metrics are undergoing profound developmental change. Our findings buttress use of folding typology as a postnatally-stable marker for linking variations in early brain development to later neurocognitive outcomes in ex utero life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cachia
- CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM UMR 894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - G Borst
- CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Tissier
- CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM UMR 894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - C Fisher
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Plaform, cati-neuroimaging.com, France; UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Plaze
- INSERM UMR 894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - O Gay
- INSERM UMR 894, Center of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - D Rivière
- UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Gogtay
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, USA
| | - J Giedd
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, USA
| | - J-F Mangin
- CATI Multicenter Neuroimaging Plaform, cati-neuroimaging.com, France; UNATI, Neurospin, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - O Houdé
- CNRS UMR 8240, Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, Paris, France; University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - A Raznahan
- National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and the National Institutes of Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, USA
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47
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The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex is selective for pain: Results from large-scale reverse inference. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:15250-5. [PMID: 26582792 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1515083112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation is commonly observed in studies of pain, executive control, conflict monitoring, and salience processing, making it difficult to interpret the dACC's specific psychological function. Using Neurosynth, an automated brainmapping database [of over 10,000 functional MRI (fMRI) studies], we performed quantitative reverse inference analyses to explore the best general psychological account of the dACC function P(Ψ process|dACC activity). Results clearly indicated that the best psychological description of dACC function was related to pain processing--not executive, conflict, or salience processing. We conclude by considering that physical pain may be an instance of a broader class of survival-relevant goals monitored by the dACC, in contrast to more arbitrary temporary goals, which may be monitored by the supplementary motor area.
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48
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Garrison JR, Fernyhough C, McCarthy-Jones S, Haggard M, Simons JS. Paracingulate sulcus morphology is associated with hallucinations in the human brain. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8956. [PMID: 26573408 PMCID: PMC4660352 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hallucinations are common in psychiatric disorders, and are also experienced by many individuals who are not mentally ill. Here, in 153 participants, we investigate brain structural markers that predict the occurrence of hallucinations by comparing patients with schizophrenia who have experienced hallucinations against patients who have not, matched on a number of demographic and clinical variables. Using both newly validated visual classification techniques and automated, data-driven methods, hallucinations were associated with specific brain morphology differences in the paracingulate sulcus, a fold in the medial prefrontal cortex, with a 1 cm reduction in sulcal length increasing the likelihood of hallucinations by 19.9%, regardless of the sensory modality in which they were experienced. The findings suggest a specific morphological basis for a pervasive feature of typical and atypical human experience. Hallucinations can occur in both healthy individuals and patients with psychiatric disorders. Garrison et al. here report that specific brain morphology differences in the paracingulate sulcus (PCS) can determine the occurrence of hallucinations in schizophrenia, irrespective of sensory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Garrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | | | - Simon McCarthy-Jones
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mark Haggard
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | | | - Jon S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
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49
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Palmieri A, Mento G, Calvo V, Querin G, D'Ascenzo C, Volpato C, Kleinbub JR, Bisiacchi PS, Sorarù G. Female gender doubles executive dysfunction risk in ALS: a case-control study in 165 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:574-9. [PMID: 25063584 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-307654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment, mainly characterised by executive dysfunction, occurs in about half of cases in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). There is evidence that gender influences some clinical features of the disease, but its influence on the cognitive spectrum is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the impact of gender on cognitive profiles of patients with ALS. METHODS A retrospective study based on an exhaustive neuropsychological battery was performed in a group of 165 (70 females, 95 males) sporadic, non-demented patients with ALS compared with 134 healthy control participants. This assessment primarily focused on executive, memory and language functions. RESULTS 47 (29%) patients revealed impairment in executive function and 30 (18%) patients revealed cognitive non-executive impairment. Independent from mood tone and clinical variables, a significantly greater executive impairment was determined in female patients than in male patients and control participants. The relative risk for ALS females having impairment in executive function compared with male patients was 2.6 (95% CI 1.6 to 4.4; p=0.0003). ALS females scored lower in Phonemic Fluency, Trial Making, and Wisconsin Card Sorting test. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight a significant vulnerability of ALS female patients to develop cognitive dysfunctions peculiar to the disease, independently of bulbar onset. The explicative hypotheses of the data are focused on two interpretative lines not mutually exclusive: the role of gonadal hormones and gender-related brain asymmetry pre-existing to the disease. These findings, never reported before in the literature, can have important implications for models of ALS pathogenesis and for future clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Palmieri
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mento
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calvo
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgia Querin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carla D'Ascenzo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Johann Roland Kleinbub
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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50
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Horowitz-Kraus T, Holland SK. Greater functional connectivity between reading and error-detection regions following training with the reading acceleration program in children with reading difficulties. ANNALS OF DYSLEXIA 2015; 65:1-23. [PMID: 25680742 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-015-0096-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Reading Acceleration Program is a computerized program that improves reading and the activation of the error-detection mechanism in individuals with reading difficulty (RD) and typical readers (TRs). The current study aims to find the neural correlates for this effect in English-speaking 8-12-year-old children with RD and TRs using a functional connectivity analysis. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected during a lexical decision task before and after 4 weeks of training with the program, together with reading and executive functions measures. Results indicated improvement in reading, visual attention, and speed of processing in children with RD. Following training, greater functional connectivity was observed between the left fusiform gyrus and the right anterior cingulate cortex in children with RD and between the left fusiform gyrus and the left anterior cingulate cortex in TRs. The change in functional connectivity after training was correlated with increased behavioral scores for word reading and visual attention in both groups. The results support previous findings of improved monitoring and mental lexicon after training with the Reading Acceleration Program in children with RD and TRs. The differences in laterality of the anterior cingulate cortex in children with RD and the presumable role of the cingulo-opercular control network in language processing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipi Horowitz-Kraus
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA,
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