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Gautam D, Shields A, Krepps E, Ummear Raza M, Sivarao DV. Click train elicited local gamma synchrony: Differing performance and pharmacological responsivity of primary auditory and prefrontal cortices. Brain Res 2024:149091. [PMID: 38897535 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Auditory neural networks in the brain naturally entrain to rhythmic stimuli. Such synchronization is an accessible index of local network performance as captured by EEG. Across species, click trains delivered ∼ 40 Hz show strong entrainment with primary auditory cortex (Actx) being a principal source. Imaging studies have revealed additional cortical sources, but it is unclear if they are functionally distinct. Since auditory processing evolves hierarchically, we hypothesized that local synchrony would differ between between primary and association cortices. In female SD rats (N = 12), we recorded 40 Hz click train-elicited gamma oscillations using epidural electrodes situated at two distinct sites; one above the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and another above the Actx, after dosing with saline (1 ml/kg, sc) or the NMDA antagonist, MK801 (0.025, 0.05 or 0.1 mpk), in a blocked crossover design. Post-saline, both regions showed a strong 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR). The latencies for the N1 response were ∼ 16 ms (Actx) and ∼ 34 ms (PFC). Narrow band (38-42 Hz) gamma oscillations appeared rapidly (<40 ms from stim onset at Actx but in a more delayed fashion (∼200 ms) at PFC. MK801 augmented gamma synchrony at Actx while dose-dependently disrupting at the PFC. Event-related gamma (but not beta) coherence, an index of long-distance connectivity, was disrupted by MK801. In conclusion, local network gamma synchrony in a higher order association cortex performs differently from that of the primary auditory cortex. We discuss these findings in the context of evolving sound processing across the cortical hierarchy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshila Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Abby Shields
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Emily Krepps
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Muhammad Ummear Raza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Digavalli V Sivarao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
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Kim J, Kim HW, Kovar J, Lee YS. Neural consequences of binaural beat stimulation on auditory sentence comprehension: an EEG study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad459. [PMID: 38044462 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing literature has shown that binaural beat (BB)-generated by dichotic presentation of slightly mismatched pure tones-improves cognition. We recently found that BB stimulation of either beta (18 Hz) or gamma (40 Hz) frequencies enhanced auditory sentence comprehension. Here, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to characterize neural oscillations pertaining to the enhanced linguistic operations following BB stimulation. Sixty healthy young adults were randomly assigned to one of three listening groups: 18-Hz BB, 40-Hz BB, or pure-tone baseline, all embedded in music. After listening to the sound for 10 min (stimulation phase), participants underwent an auditory sentence comprehension task involving spoken sentences that contained either an object or subject relative clause (task phase). During the stimulation phase, 18-Hz BB yielded increased EEG power in a beta frequency range, while 40-Hz BB did not. During the task phase, only the 18-Hz BB resulted in significantly higher accuracy and faster response times compared with the baseline, especially on syntactically more complex object-relative sentences. The behavioral improvement by 18-Hz BB was accompanied by attenuated beta power difference between object- and subject-relative sentences. Altogether, our findings demonstrate beta oscillations as a neural correlate of improved syntactic operation following BB stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeahong Kim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
- Callier Clinical Research Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Hyun-Woong Kim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
- Callier Clinical Research Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Jessica Kovar
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
- Callier Clinical Research Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
| | - Yune Sang Lee
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
- Callier Clinical Research Center, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235, United States
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, United States
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Kim HW, Happe J, Lee YS. Beta and gamma binaural beats enhance auditory sentence comprehension. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2023; 87:2218-2227. [PMID: 36854935 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01808-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Binaural beats-an auditory illusion produced when two pure tones of slightly different frequencies are dichotically presented-have been shown to modulate various cognitive and psychological states. Here, we investigated the effects of binaural beat stimulation on auditory sentence processing that required interpretation of syntactic relations (Experiment 1) or an evaluation of syntactic well formedness (Experiment 2) with a large cohort of healthy young adults (N = 200). In both experiments, participants performed a language task after listening to one of four sounds (i.e., between-subject design): theta (7 Hz), beta (18 Hz), and gamma (40 Hz) binaural beats embedded in music, or the music only (baseline). In Experiment 1, 100 participants indicated the gender of a noun linked to a transitive action verb in spoken sentences containing either a subject or object-relative center-embedded clause. We found that both beta and gamma binaural beats yielded better performance, compared to the baseline, especially for syntactically more complex object-relative sentences. To determine if the binaural beat effect can be generalized to another type of syntactic analysis, we conducted Experiment 2 in which another 100 participants indicated whether or not there was a grammatical error in spoken sentences. However, none of the binaural beats yielded better performance for this task indicating that the benefit of beta and gamma binaural beats may be specific to the interpretation of syntactic relations. Together, we demonstrate, for the first time, the positive impact of binaural beats on auditory language comprehension. Both theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woong Kim
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
| | - Jenna Happe
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA
| | - Yune Sang Lee
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA.
- Callier Center for Communication Disorders, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA.
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, USA.
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Hirosawa T, Soma D, Miyagishi Y, Furutani N, Yoshimura Y, Kameya M, Yamaguchi Y, Yaoi K, Sano M, Kitamura K, Takahashi T, Kikuchi M. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the functionality of 40 Hz auditory steady state response brain network: graph theory approach. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1156617. [PMID: 37363170 PMCID: PMC10288104 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1156617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Measuring whole-brain networks of the 40 Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is a promising approach to describe the after-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tDCS on the brain network of 40 Hz ASSR in healthy adult males using graph theory. The second objective was to identify a population in which tDCS effectively modulates the brain network of 40 Hz ASSR. Methods This study used a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blinded crossover approach. Twenty-five adult males (20-24 years old) completed two sessions at least 1 month apart. The participants underwent cathodal or sham tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, after which 40 Hz ASSR was measured using magnetoencephalography. After the signal sources were mapped onto the Desikan-Killiany brain atlas, the statistical relationships between localized activities were evaluated in terms of the debiased weighted phase lag index (dbWPLI). Weighted and undirected graphs were constructed for the tDCS and sham conditions based on the dbWPLI. Weighted characteristic path lengths and clustering coefficients were then measured and compared between the tDCS and sham conditions using mixed linear models. Results The characteristic path length was significantly lower post-tDCS simulation (p = 0.04) than after sham stimulation. This indicates that after tDCS simulation, the whole-brain networks of 40 Hz ASSR show a significant functional integration. Simple linear regression showed a higher characteristic path length at baseline, which was associated with a larger reduction in characteristic path length after tDCS. Hence, a pronounced effect of tDCS is expected for those who have a less functionally integrated network of 40 Hz ASSR. Discussion Given that the healthy brain is functionally integrated, we conclude that tDCS could effectively normalize less functionally integrated brain networks rather than enhance functional integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsu Hirosawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daiki Soma
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Miyagishi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Furutani
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Faculty of Education, Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kameya
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ken Yaoi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masuhiko Sano
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Alonso-Valerdi LM, Ibarra-Zárate DI, Torres-Torres AS, Zolezzi DM, Naal-Ruiz NE, Argüello-García J. Comparative analysis of acoustic therapies for tinnitus treatment based on auditory event-related potentials. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1059096. [PMID: 37081936 PMCID: PMC10111057 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1059096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSo far, Auditory Event-Related Potential (AERP) features have been used to characterize neural activity of patients with tinnitus. However, these EEG patterns could be used to evaluate tinnitus evolution as well. The aim of the present study is to propose a methodology based on AERPs to evaluate the effectiveness of four acoustic therapies for tinnitus treatment.MethodsThe acoustic therapies were: (1) Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT), (2) Auditory Discrimination Therapy (ADT), (3) Therapy for Enriched Acoustic Environment (TEAE), and (4) Binaural Beats Therapy (BBT). In addition, relaxing music was included as a placebo for both: tinnitus sufferers and healthy individuals. To meet this aim, 103 participants were recruited, 53% were females and 47% were males. All the participants were treated for 8 weeks with one of these five sounds, which were moreover tuned in accordance with the acoustic features of their tinnitus (if applied) and hearing loss. They were electroencephalographically monitored before and after their acoustic therapy, and wherefrom AERPs were estimated. The sound effect of acoustic therapies was evaluated by examining the area under the curve of those AERPs. Two parameters were obtained: (1) amplitude and (2) topographical distribution.ResultsThe findings of the investigation showed that after an 8-week treatment, TRT and ADT, respectively achieved significant neurophysiological changes over somatosensory and occipital regions. On one hand, TRT increased the tinnitus perception. On the other hand, ADT redirected the tinnitus attention, what in turn diminished the tinnitus perception. Tinnitus handicapped inventory outcomes verified these neurophysiological findings, revealing that 31% of patients in each group reported that TRT increased tinnitus perception, but ADT diminished it.DiscussionTinnitus has been identified as a multifactorial condition highly associated with hearing loss, age, sex, marital status, education, and even, employment. However, no conclusive evidence has been found yet. In this study, a significant (but low) correlation was found between tinnitus intensity and right ear hearing loss, left ear hearing loss, heart rate, area under the curve of AERPs, and acoustic therapy. This study raises the possibility to assign acoustic therapies by neurophysiological response of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M. Alonso-Valerdi
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Luz M. Alonso-Valerdi,
| | | | | | - Daniela M. Zolezzi
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Janet Argüello-García
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bhusari BN, Hugar SM, Kohli N, Karmarkar S, Gokhale N, Saxena N. Comparative evaluation of anxiety level during restorative treatment using no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats as audio distraction behavior guidance technique in children aged 6-12 years: A randomized clinical trial. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2023; 41:156-162. [PMID: 37635475 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_104_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Binaural auditory beat is an auditory illusion perceived when two different pure-tone sine waves with less than a 30 Hz difference are presented to a listener dichotically. Monaural beat stimulation is achieved by the superposition of amplitude-modulated signals of nearby frequencies to both ears simultaneously. Aim The study aims to evaluate and compare anxiety level during restorative treatment using no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats as audio distraction behavior guidance techniques in children aged 6-12 years. Settings and Design Three-arm, parallel-group randomized study was conducted in the department of pediatric and preventive dentistry. Materials and Methods The sample size of 45 participants was calculated and allocated into three groups as no music, monaural beats, and binaural auditory beats group. Teeth with Class I cavity in primary or permanent molars were prepared and restored. Anxiety was measured pre and postintervention using pulse oximeter and Venham's picture test. Statistical Analysis Used Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS software version 20.0 and were carried out using one-way analysis of variance and dependent t-test and significance value < 0.05 was considered. Results Binaural auditory beats and monaural beats showed a better reduction in anxiety levels as per Venham's picture test scores with statistically significant "P" value 0.0001 and 0.064, respectively. Likewise, binaural auditory beats showed better reduction in anxiety levels as per pulse rate scores with statistically significant "P" value 0.0001 as compared to conventional treatment technique. Conclusion Binaural auditory beat was found to be the most effective followed by the monaural beat compared to the control group. Thus, binaural auditory beats and monaural beats can be used effectively as an essential aid to reduce anxiety in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanesh Nitin Bhusari
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Shivayogi M Hugar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Neha Kohli
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanika Karmarkar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Niraj Gokhale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Nivedita Saxena
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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Influence of Binaural Beats Stimulation of Gamma Frequency over Memory Performance and EEG Spectral Density. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11060801. [PMID: 36981458 PMCID: PMC10048082 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to short-term memory, working memory cannot hold information for a long period of time. Studies have shown that binaural beats (BB) can stimulate the brain through sound, affecting working memory function. Although the literature is not conclusive regarding the effects of BB stimulation (stim) on memory, some studies have shown that gamma-BB stim (40 Hz) can increase attentional focusing and improve visual working memory. To better understand the relationship between BB stim and memory, we collected electroencephalographic data (EEG) from 30 subjects in 3 phases—a baseline, with gamma-BB stim, and control stim—in a rest state, with eyes closed, and while performing memory tasks. Both EEG data and memory task performance were analyzed. The results showed no significant changes in the memory task performance or the EEG data when comparing experimental and control conditions. We concluded that brain entrainment was not achieved with our parameters of gamma-BB stimulation when analyzing EEG power spectral density (PSD) and memory task performance. Hence, we suggest that other aspects of EEG data, such as connectivity and correlations with task performance, should also be analyzed for future studies.
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An increase in the auditory steady-state response amplitudes after a period of listening to binaural beat stimuli in tinnitus patients: a pilot study. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43163-023-00402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Tinnitus impact on persons’ lifestyle, function, and emotion is of significant importance that has been the leader for conducting an increasing amount of research in the field of tinnitus pathophysiology, assessment, and management. Binaural beats (BB) are one of acoustic neuromodulation approaches used in psychological disorders, such as distress and anxiety. Thus, we hypothesized that binaural beat could be helpful in the relief of tinnitus distress and annoyance.
Methods
Seventeen chronic tinnitus subjects participated in this quasi-experimental (quantitative research) study. In this study, the effect of binaural beat stimuli was evaluated subjectively using the tinnitus handicap inventory (THI) scores, the visual analog scale for loudness and annoyance (VAS_L, VAS_A), and objectively by the 40-Hz ASSR after 1 month of listening to binaural beats, and the correlation between these two assessments was evaluated.
Results
After 1 month of binaural beat stimuli listening, all of the subjective findings were significantly improved, and the amplitude of 40-Hz ASSR was increased in the right auditory and anterior frontal regions at 2000-Hz carrier frequency. Besides, there was a high correlation between the decreasing of the subjective scores with the rising of the amplitude of 40-Hz ASSR.
Conclusion
The use of binaural beat as an acoustic neuromodulation method for tinnitus management may be recommended according to the current study findings. However, more investigations on the effectiveness supported by data from controlled clinical trials and more correlations with ASSR alteration are highly suggested.
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Mohd Firdaus Aloysius N, Abd Hamid AI, Mustafar F. Alpha and Low Gamma Embedded With White Noise Binaural Beats Modulating Working Memory among Malaysian Young Adult: A Preliminary fMRI Study. JANUARY 2023 2023; 19:113-124. [DOI: 10.47836/mjmhs.19.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Binaural beats (BB) provisions alpha and gamma have been suggested to modulate working memory (WM), while white noise (WN) acted as a control condition. Methods: The current study overlays WN on alpha and gamma tones to study its modulating role on WM performance. A block-design n-back task paradigm used to determine the effect of load on embedded BB on WM performance using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Six young adults (3 males and 3 females) with mean age of 23.5 ± 0.84 within the Kota Bharu vicinity participated in the study. A repeated-measures ANOVA (p<0.05) on response accuracy indicate medium effect size on condition (η2 =0.420), and large effect sizes on groups (η2 = 0.388) and load (η2 = 0.487). The potential practical difference is more evident on low- (0-back) and high-load (3-back). GWN provision marginally excels, implying its entrainment may benefit WM processing. A repeated-measures ANOVA (p<0.05) on reaction time (RT) implied a large effect size on all variables (condition: η2=0.065, groups: η2=0.227 and load: η2=0.169). It was observed that BB exposure elicits a slow processing speed which worsens RT. The neural correlates suggest activated regions in GWN and AWN are associated with attentional mechanisms and WM processes. Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate both embedded BB has a potential to improve WM performance with the cost of slower processing speed. GWN provision modulates attentional mechanisms benefiting WM performance and AWN may enhance performance in extreme ends of WM load.
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Calvano A, Timmermann L, Loehrer PA, Oehrn CR, Weber I. Binaural acoustic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1167006. [PMID: 37213909 PMCID: PMC10196363 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1167006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acoustic stimulation can improve motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and might therefore represent a potential non-invasive treatment option. Scalp electroencephalography studies in healthy subjects indicate that specifically binaural beat stimulation (BBS) in the gamma frequency range is associated with synchronized cortical oscillations at 40 Hertz (Hz). Several studies suggest that oscillations in the gamma-frequency range (>30 Hz) serve a prokinetic function in PD. In this double-blind, randomized study, 25 PD patients were recruited. The study was conducted with (ON) and without dopaminergic medication (OFF). Each drug condition consisted of two phases (no stimulation and acoustic stimulation). The acoustic stimulation phase was divided into two blocks including BBS and conventional acoustic stimulation (CAS) as a control condition. For BBS, a modulated frequency of 35 Hz was used (left: 320 Hz; right: 355 Hz) and for CAS 340 Hz on both sides. We assessed effects on motor performance using Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and two validated commercially available portable devices (Kinesia ONE™ and Kinesia 360™) measuring motor symptoms such as dyskinesia, bradykinesia, and tremor. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that BBS improved resting tremor on the side of the more affected limb in the OFF condition, as measured by wearables (F(2,48) = 3.61, p = 0.035). However, BBS did not exert a general positive effect on motor symptoms as assessed via MDS-UPDRS (F(2,48) = 1.00, p = 0.327). For CAS, we did not observe an improvement in specific symptoms but rather an overall beneficial effect on motor performance (MDS-UPDRS total score OFF medication: F(2,48) = 4.17, p = 0.021; wearable scores: F(2,48) = 2.46, p = 0.097). In this study, we found an improvement of resting tremor when applying BBS in the gamma frequency band OFF medication. Moreover, the positive effects of CAS underline the general positive potential for improvement of motor function by acoustically supported therapeutic approaches. However, more studies are needed to fully characterize the clinical relevance of BBS and to further optimize its ameliorating effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Calvano
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Calvano,
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Alexander Loehrer
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carina Renate Oehrn
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Immo Weber
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Lee E, Bang Y, Yoon IY, Choi HY. Entrapment of Binaural Auditory Beats in Subjects with Symptoms of Insomnia. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030339. [PMID: 35326295 PMCID: PMC8945912 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Binaural beat (BB) stimulation, which has two different frequencies for each ear, is reportedly effective in reducing anxiety and controlling mood. This study aimed to evaluate the brain wave entrainment effect of binaural beats and to propose an effective and safe supplementary therapy for relieving the symptoms of insomnia. Subjects between 20 and 59 years of age with subclinical symptoms of insomnia were recruited from the community. Quantitative electroencephalography was measured twice, before and two weeks after the BB intervention. Participants used the apparatus with or without 6 Hz BB for 30 min before going to bed for two weeks. When music with BB was played, the relative theta power increased (occipital, p = 0.009). After two weeks of intervention with music, the theta power increased when listening to music with BB (parietal, p = 0.009). After listening to music with BB for two weeks, the decrease in the beta power was more noticeable than after using music-only devices when participants listened to music in the laboratory (occipital, p = 0.035). When BB were played, the entrapment of the theta wave appeared. Therefore, exposure to music with BB is likely to reduce the hyper-arousal state and contribute to sleep induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea;
| | - Youngrong Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan 44033, Korea;
| | - In-Young Yoon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ha-Yun Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul 05368, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2225-1158
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Grent-'t-Jong T, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Krishnadas R, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Uhlhaas PJ. 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses Characterize Circuit Dysfunctions and Predict Clinical Outcomes in Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis Participants: A Magnetoencephalography Study. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:419-429. [PMID: 34116790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine whether 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are impaired in participants at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and predict clinical outcomes. METHODS Magnetoencephalography data were collected during a 40-Hz ASSR paradigm for a group of 116 CHR-P participants, 33 patients with first-episode psychosis (15 antipsychotic-naïve), a psychosis risk-negative group (n = 38), and 49 healthy control subjects. Analysis of group differences of 40-Hz intertrial phase coherence and 40-Hz amplitude focused on right Heschl's gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus after establishing significant activations during 40-Hz ASSR stimulation. Linear regression and linear discriminant analyses were used to predict clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants, including transition to psychosis and persistence of attenuated psychotic symptoms (APSs). RESULTS CHR-P participants and patients with first-episode psychosis were impaired in 40-Hz amplitude in the right thalamus and hippocampus. In addition, patients with first-episode psychosis were impaired in 40-Hz amplitude in the right Heschl's gyrus, and CHR-P participants in 40-Hz intertrial phase coherence in the right Heschl's gyrus. The 40-Hz ASSR deficits were pronounced in CHR-P participants who later transitioned to psychosis (n = 13) or showed persistent APSs (n = 34). Importantly, both APS persistence and transition to psychosis were predicted by 40-Hz ASSR impairments, with ASSR activity in the right hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, and middle temporal gyrus correctly classifying 69.2% individuals with nonpersistent APSs and 73.5% individuals with persistent APSs (area under the curve = 0.842), and right thalamus 40-Hz activity correctly classifying 76.9% transitioned and 53.6% nontransitioned CHR-P participants (area under the curve = 0.695). CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that deficits in gamma-band entrainment in the primary auditory cortex and subcortical areas constitute a potential biomarker for predicting clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Grent-'t-Jong
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruchika Gajwani
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andrew I Gumley
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Krishnadas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga, Indonesia; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Tada M, Kirihara K, Ishishita Y, Takasago M, Kunii N, Uka T, Shimada S, Ibayashi K, Kawai K, Saito N, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Araki T, Kasai K. Global and Parallel Cortical Processing Based on Auditory Gamma Oscillatory Responses in Humans. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4518-4532. [PMID: 33907804 PMCID: PMC8408476 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma oscillations are physiological phenomena that reflect perception and cognition, and involve parvalbumin-positive γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuron function. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is the most robust index for gamma oscillations, and it is impaired in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Although ASSR reduction is known to vary in terms of frequency and time, the neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We obtained high-density electrocorticography recordings from a wide area of the cortex in 8 patients with refractory epilepsy. In an ASSR paradigm, click sounds were presented at frequencies of 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 120, and 160 Hz. We performed time-frequency analyses and analyzed intertrial coherence, event-related spectral perturbation, and high-gamma oscillations. We demonstrate that the ASSR is globally distributed among the temporal, parietal, and frontal cortices. The ASSR was composed of time-dependent neural subcircuits differing in frequency tuning. Importantly, the frequency tuning characteristics of the late-latency ASSR varied between the temporal/frontal and parietal cortex, suggestive of differentiation along parallel auditory pathways. This large-scale survey of the cortical ASSR could serve as a foundation for future studies of the ASSR in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishishita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Megumi Takasago
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenji Ibayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kawai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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14
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Mujib MD, Hasan MA, Qazi SA, Vuckovic A. Understanding the neurological mechanism involved in enhanced memory recall task following binaural beat: a pilot study. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:2741-2754. [PMID: 34232346 PMCID: PMC8448692 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Binaural beat (BB) is a promising technique for memory improvement in elderly or people with neurological conditions. However, the related modulation of cortical networks followed by behavioral changes has not been investigated. The objective of this study is to establish a relationship between BB oscillatory brain activity evoked by stimulation and a behavioral response in a short term memory task. Three Groups A, B, and C of 20 participants each received alpha (10 Hz), beta (14 Hz), and gamma (30 Hz) BB, respectively, for 15 min. Their EEG was recorded in pre, during, and post BB states. Participants performed a digit span test before and after a BB session. A significant increase in the cognitive score was found only for Group A while a significant decrease in reaction time was noted for Groups A and C. Group A had a significant decrease of theta and increase of alpha power, and a significant increase of theta and decrease of gamma imaginary coherence (ICH) post BB. Group C had a significant increase in theta and gamma power accompanied by the increase of theta and gamma ICH post BB. The effectiveness of BB depends on the frequency of stimulation. A putative neural mechanism involves an increase in theta ICH in parieto-frontal and interhemispheric frontal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Danish Mujib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abul Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan.,Neurocomputation Lab, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saad Ahmed Qazi
- Neurocomputation Lab, National Center of Artificial Intelligence, Karachi, Pakistan.,Department of Electrical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aleksandra Vuckovic
- Biomedical Engineering Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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15
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Shamsi E, Ahmadi-Pajouh MA, Seifi Ala T. Higuchi fractal dimension: An efficient approach to detection of brain entrainment to theta binaural beats. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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16
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Moessinger M, Stürmer R, Mühlensiep M. Auditive beta stimulation as a countermeasure against driver fatigue. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245251. [PMID: 33428673 PMCID: PMC7799808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fatigue in road traffic can occur after long driving times or during night-time driving and can lead to a dangerous decrease in vigilance or microsleep. As a countermeasure, the effectiveness of brain stimulation by means of frequency-modified music is investigated. Small frequency shifts between two different sounds simultaneously perceived by both ears (e.g. 400 and 418 Hz) stimulate the brain to increase activity in the stimulated range (e.g. 18 Hz). Methods The effects of acoustic brain entrainment (ABE) in the EEG beta range (12–20 Hz) were compared to placebo during day and night driving (n = 40 each) in 80 subjects. The effects were examined at the subjective (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, KSS), physiological (EEG) and performance level (test battery for attention testing, TAP). The test drive took place on the motorway. Sequence of events with measurement times: Preparation in the laboratory (60 min; TAP & KSS), driving (90 min day/ 180 min night; KSS every 30 min), beta/placebo stimulation while driving (20 min), rest (20 min; TAP & KSS), driving (60 min; KSS every 30 min), end of driving (40 min; TAP & KSS). EEG was recorded continuously (Fz, Cz, Pz, C3, C4) and analyzed for 10 min time windows. Results The subjective fatigue rating in the KSS decreased significantly after ABE compared to placebo. This was still significant about 100 minutes after stimulation. The ABE led to a significant increase in EEG beta activity compared to placebo. This was still significant about 80 minutes after stimulation. Furthermore, the ABE led to a significant decrease in theta activity compared to placebo. This was still significant about 70 minutes after stimulation and was more pronounced during daytime driving. Faster reaction times were observed for the ABE compared to the placebo condition during day and night driving. The faster reaction times were partly significant for the ABE still 80 minutes after stimulation. Conclusion Positive effects of ABE during driving could be demonstrated on the subjective, physiological and performance level. The effect was more pronounced during the day than at night. No negative side effects of Beta Stimulation were observed. The stimulation in the beta frequency range led to an increase of beta activity in the EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Moessinger
- Groupe Renault, Direction de la Recherche / User Experience, Guyancourt, France
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17
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Effects of aging on event-related potentials to single-cycle binaural beats and diotic amplitude modulation of a tone. Brain Res 2020; 1740:146849. [PMID: 32330517 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study is to determine whether the auditory processing of temporal fine structure (TFS) is affected with normal aging, even in the presence of normal audiometric hearing and fine cognitive state; and, if it is, to see whether a comparable effect is also observed in the processing of a diotic change in sound envelope. The event-related potentials (ERPs) to binaural beats (BBs), which are the responses of the binaural mechanisms processing TFS of a sound, and the ERPs to diotic amplitude modulation (AM) stimuli, which are the responses of the monaural mechanisms processing the changes in its envelope, were recorded from thirteen young university students and ten senior but active university professors, all with normal hearing in low frequencies. To obtain directly the specific BB responses without confounding monaural frequency change-evoked responses, we used single-cycle BB stimuli with temporary sub-threshold frequency shifts. BBs of a 250-Hz tone and diotic AM of the same tone with similar perceptual salience were presented with 2-second stimulus onset asynchrony. The N1 components of the ERPs to both stimuli displayed notable age-dependent changes in their scalp topography and significant amplitude reduction and latency prolongation in the elderly. These amplitude and latency changes were at similar rates for the two stimulus types, implying that the auditory TFS and envelope processing mechanisms are proportionally affected by physiological aging. These results may serve as control data in future studies investigating the effect of aging-associated cognitive pathologies on auditory TFS processing.
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18
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Tada M, Kirihara K, Koshiyama D, Fujioka M, Usui K, Uka T, Komatsu M, Kunii N, Araki T, Kasai K. Gamma-Band Auditory Steady-State Response as a Neurophysiological Marker for Excitation and Inhibition Balance: A Review for Understanding Schizophrenia and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:234-243. [PMID: 31402699 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419868872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Altered gamma oscillations have attracted considerable attention as an index of the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance in schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) has been the most robust probe of abnormal gamma oscillatory dynamics in schizophrenia. Here, we review recent ASSR studies in patients with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Preclinical ASSR research, which has contributed to the elucidation of the underlying pathophysiology of these diseases, is also discussed. The developmental trajectory of the ASSR has been explored and may show signs of the maturation and disruption of E/I balance in adolescence. Animal model studies have shown that synaptic interactions between parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons and pyramidal neurons contribute to the regulation of E/I balance, which is related to the generation of gamma oscillation. Therefore, ASSR alteration may be a significant electrophysiological finding related to the E/I imbalance in neuropsychiatric disorders, which is a cross-disease feature and may reflect clinical staging. Future studies regarding ASSR generation, especially in nonhuman primate models, will advance our understanding of the brain circuit and the molecular mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Kirihara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mao Fujioka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Usui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Uka
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Misako Komatsu
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Griskova-Bulanova I, Sveistyte K, Bjekic J. Neuromodulation of Gamma-Range Auditory Steady-State Responses: A Scoping Review of Brain Stimulation Studies. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:41. [PMID: 32714158 PMCID: PMC7344212 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural oscillations represent a fundamental mechanism that enables coordinated action during normal brain functioning. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are used to test the ability to generate gamma-range activity. Different non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have the potential to modulate neural activation patterns that are aberrant in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how different methods of NIBS (transcranial altering current stimulation—tACS, transcranial direct current stimulation—tDCS, transcranial random noise stimulation—tRNS, paired associative stimulation—PAS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation—rTMS) affect the gamma-range ASSRs in both healthy and clinical populations. We show that the current research has been far from systematic and methodologically heterogeneous. Nevertheless, some brain stimulation techniques, especially tACS and rTMS show strong potential for further exploration. We outline the main findings and provide directions for further research into neuromodulation of ASSRs as a promising biomarker of different psychopathological conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Sveistyte
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jovana Bjekic
- Human Neuroscience Group, Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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20
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Gkolias V, Amaniti A, Triantafyllou A, Papakonstantinou P, Kartsidis P, Paraskevopoulos E, Bamidis PD, Hadjileontiadis L, Kouvelas D. Reduced pain and analgesic use after acoustic binaural beats therapy in chronic pain - A double-blind randomized control cross-over trial. Eur J Pain 2020; 24:1716-1729. [PMID: 32564499 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binaural Beats (BB) consist of two artificial acoustic stimuli with different frequency, presented simultaneously but independently to each ear. The human brain perceives and synchronizes to this frequency difference (entrainment). Aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that brain entrainment to a lower function rhythm, with BB application, can decrease pain perception and analgesic medication use, in chronic pain patients. METHODS In a double blind, randomized, cross-over trial, BB at 5Hz (theta rhythm) were applied for 30 minutes, under simultaneous electroencephalogram recordings, followed by liberal, on demand use by chronic pain patients for a week, compared to sham stimulation (SS). Pain as the main outcome (numeric scale, NRS), stress (STAI) and medication usage (defined daily doses, DDD) were assessed at baseline, 30 minutes and week's end. RESULTS Perceived pain (NRS) was significantly reduced in BB intervention (5.6±2.3 to 3.4±2.6, p<0.001), compared to SS (5.2±2.1 to 4.8±2.3, p=0.78), during the first 30-minute phase, as well as at the week's end (to 3.9±2.5 compared to 5.5±2.6 respectively, p<0.001). The mean EEG theta power at 5Hz was significantly increased only during BB application. Stress was significantly reduced at 30 minutes in both interventions but remained reduced only in the BB group at the week's end. Analgesic medication consumption (DDD, g) during the week was significantly less in the BB intervention (3.9±3.7 vs. 4.6±4.1, p<0.05), while reporting equal to SS mean levels of pain. CONCLUSIONS Acoustic BB reduced pain intensity, stress and analgesic use, compared to SS, in chronic pain patients. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence that theta rhythm binaural beats can alleviate pain intensity, both after a brief 30 minute and a longer one week on-demand intervention. The subsequent significant reduction in analgesic medication consumption in chronic pain patients' daily living could offer a valuable tool, augmenting the effect of existing pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Gkolias
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Amaniti
- AHEPA University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Papakonstantinou
- AHEPA University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kartsidis
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Paraskevopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis D Bamidis
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leontios Hadjileontiadis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Dimitrios Kouvelas
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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21
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Engelbregt H, Meijburg N, Schulten M, Pogarell O, Deijen JB. The Effects of Binaural and Monoaural Beat Stimulation on Cognitive Functioning in Subjects with Different Levels of Emotionality. Adv Cogn Psychol 2020; 15:199-207. [PMID: 32395188 PMCID: PMC7204407 DOI: 10.5709/acp-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, binaural and monaural beats are offered over the Internet or by mental health institutes to improve wellbeing or cognitive functioning. This improvement is explained by the assumption that the brain adapts its brainwave frequency to the frequency of the auditory beat. The present study examined the effects of binaural and monaural beat stimulation on attention and working memory in high and low emotional participants. A group of 24 participants (16 females, 8 males) between 19 and 31 years old (M = 22.33, SD = 3.42) performed a Flanker task to measure attention and a Klingberg task to measure working memory while listening to white noise (WN), 40 Hz gamma binaural beat (BB) and 40 Hz gamma monaural beat (MB). Speed of performance on all three levels of difficulty of the Flanker attention task was faster under the BB and MB condition than under WN. No differences were found between BB and MB conditions. With respect to the quality of performance on the Flanker attention task and the Klingberg working memory task no significant differences under the WN, MB, and BB condition were found. Finally, as participants with low or high emotionality did not respond differently to BB and MB under any of the conditions, effects of BB and MB seem similar in high and low emotional participants. The present study supports the notion that faster attention processing may equally be attributed to the influence of BB and MB. Further research is recommended to gain more insight in the role of factors such as duration of stimulation of BB and MB, frequency range, most appropriate carrier tones, and the role of personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessel Engelbregt
- Hersencentrum Mental Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximillians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Meijburg
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Schulten
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximillians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Berend Deijen
- Hersencentrum Mental Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Section Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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Ibarra-Zarate D, Alonso-Valerdi LM. Acoustic therapies for tinnitus: The basis and the electroencephalographic evaluation. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Ross B, Lopez MD. 40-Hz Binaural beats enhance training to mitigate the attentional blink. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7002. [PMID: 32332827 PMCID: PMC7181825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether binaural beat stimulation could accelerate the training outcome in an attentional blink (AB) task. The AB refers to the lapse in detecting a target T2 in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) after the identification of a preceding target T1. Binaural beats (BB) are assumed to entrain neural oscillations and support cognitive function. Participants were assigned into two groups and presented with BB sounds while performing the AB task on three subsequent days in a cross-over design. Group A was presented with 40-Hz BB during the first day and 16 Hz during the second day, while the order of beat frequencies was reversed in Group B. No sound was presented on the third day. MEG recordings confirmed a strong entrainment of gamma oscillations during 40-Hz BB stimulation and smaller gamma entrainment with 16-Hz BB. The rhythm of the visual stimulation elicited 10-Hz oscillations in occipital MEG sensors which were of similar magnitude for both BB frequencies. The AB performance did not increase within a session. However, participants improved between sessions, with overall improvement equal in both groups. Group A improved more after the first day than the second day. In contrast, group B gained more from the 40 Hz stimulation on the second day than from 16-Hz stimulation on the first day. Taken together, 40-Hz BB stimulation during training accelerates the training outcome. The improvement becomes evident not immediately, but after consolidation during sleep. Therefore, auditory beats stimulation is a promising method of non-invasive brain stimulation for enhancing training and learning which is well-suited to rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Ross
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Marc Danzell Lopez
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care, Toronto, Ontario, M6A 2E1, Canada.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
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Binaural Beats through the Auditory Pathway: From Brainstem to Connectivity Patterns. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0232-19.2020. [PMID: 32066611 PMCID: PMC7082494 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0232-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Binaural beating is a perceptual auditory illusion occurring when presenting two neighboring frequencies to each ear separately. Several controversial claims have been attributed to binaural beats regarding their ability to entrain human brain activity and mood, in both the scientific literature and the marketing realm. Here, we sought to address those questions in a robust fashion using a single-blind, active-controlled protocol. To do so, we compared the effects of binaural beats with a control beat stimulation (monaural beats, known to entrain brain activity but not mood) across four distinct levels in the human auditory pathway: subcortical and cortical entrainment, scalp-level functional connectivity and self-reports. Both stimuli elicited standard subcortical responses at the pure tone frequencies of the stimulus [i.e., frequency following response (FFR)], and entrained the cortex at the beat frequency [i.e., auditory steady state response (ASSR)]. Furthermore, functional connectivity patterns were modulated differentially by both kinds of stimuli, with binaural beats being the only one eliciting cross-frequency activity. Despite this, we did not find any mood modulation related to our experimental manipulation. Our results provide evidence that binaural beats elicit cross frequency connectivity patterns, but weakly entrain the cortex when compared with monaural beat stimuli. Whether binaural beats have an impact on cognitive performance or other mood measurements remains to be seen and can be further investigated within the proposed methodological framework.
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Wallois F, Routier L, Bourel-Ponchel E. Impact of prematurity on neurodevelopment. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 173:341-375. [PMID: 32958184 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64150-2.00026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of prematurity on brain functional development are numerous and diverse, and impact all brain functions at different levels. Prematurity occurs between 22 and 36 weeks of gestation. This period is marked by extreme dynamics in the physiologic maturation, structural, and functional processes. These different processes appear sequentially or simultaneously. They are dependent on genetic and/or environmental factors. Disturbance of these processes or of the fine-tuning between them, when caring for premature children, is likely to induce disturbances in the structural and functional development of the immature neural networks. These will appear as impairments in learning skills progress and are likely to have a lasting impact on the development of children born prematurely. The level of severity depends on the initial alteration, whether structural or functional. In this chapter, after having briefly reviewed the neurodevelopmental, structural, and functional processes, we describe, in a nonexhaustive manner, the impact of prematurity on the different brain, motor, sensory, and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Wallois
- Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, France; Department of Pediatric Functional Exploration of the Nervous System, University Hospital, Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - Laura Routier
- Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, France; Department of Pediatric Functional Exploration of the Nervous System, University Hospital, Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Emilie Bourel-Ponchel
- Research Group on Multimodal Analysis of Brain Function, Jules Verne Picardie University, Amiens, France; Department of Pediatric Functional Exploration of the Nervous System, University Hospital, Picardie, Amiens, France
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26
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Neff P, Zielonka L, Meyer M, Langguth B, Schecklmann M, Schlee W. Comparison of Amplitude Modulated Sounds and Pure Tones at the Tinnitus Frequency: Residual Tinnitus Suppression and Stimulus Evaluation. Trends Hear 2019; 23:2331216519833841. [PMID: 30871419 PMCID: PMC6421608 DOI: 10.1177/2331216519833841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have compared tinnitus suppression, or residual inhibition, between amplitude- and frequency-modulated (AM) sounds and noises or pure tones (PT). Results are indicative, yet inconclusive, of stronger tinnitus suppression of modulated sounds especially near the tinnitus frequency. Systematic comparison of AM sounds at the tinnitus frequency has not yet been studied in depth. The current study therefore aims at further advancing this line of research by contrasting tinnitus suppression profiles of AM and PT sounds at the matched tinnitus frequency (i.e., 10 and 40 Hz AM vs. PT). Participants with chronic, tonal tinnitus (n = 29) underwent comprehensive psychometric, audiometric, tinnitus matching, and acoustic stimulation procedures. Stimuli were presented for 3 minutes in two loudness regimes (60 dB sensation level [SL], minimum masking level [MML] + 6 dB, control sound: SL -6 dB) and amplitude modulated with 0, 10, or 40 Hz. Tinnitus loudness suppression was measured after the stimulation every 30 seconds. In addition, stimuli were rated regarding their valence and arousal. Results demonstrate only trends for better tinnitus suppression for the 10 Hz modulation and presentation level of 60 dB SL compared with PT, whereas nonsignificant results are reported for 40 Hz and MML + 6 dB, respectively. Furthermore, the 10 Hz AM at 60 dB SL and the 40 Hz AM at MML + 6 dB (trend) stimuli were better tolerated as elicited by valence ratings. We conclude that 10 Hz AM sounds at the tinnitus frequency may be useful to further elucidate the phenomenon of residual inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neff
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany.,2 University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Zielonka
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Meyer
- 2 University Research Priority Program Dynamics of Healthy Aging, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,4 Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,5 Tinnitus-Zentrum, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schecklmann
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Schlee
- 1 Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Parciauskaite V, Voicikas A, Jurkuvenas V, Tarailis P, Kraulaidis M, Pipinis E, Griskova-Bulanova I. 40-Hz auditory steady-state responses and the complex information processing: An exploratory study in healthy young males. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223127. [PMID: 31589626 PMCID: PMC6779233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in the gamma (30–80 Hz) range is related to a variety of sensory and cognitive processes which are frequently impaired in schizophrenia. Auditory steady-state response at 40-Hz (40-Hz ASSR) is utilized as an index of gamma activity and is proposed as a biomarker of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, the link between ASSRs and cognitive functions is not clear. This study explores a possible relationship between the performance on cognitive tasks and the 40-Hz ASSRs in a controlled uniform sample of young healthy males, as age and sex may have complex influence on ASSRs. Twenty-eight young healthy male volunteers participated (mean age ± SD 25.8±3.3) in the study. The 40-Hz click trains (500 ms) were presented 150 times with an inter-stimulus interval set at 700–1000 ms. The phase-locking index (PLI) and event-related power perturbation (ERSP) of the ASSR were calculated in the 200–500 ms latency range, which corresponds to the steady part of the response. The Psychology Experiment Building Language (PEBL) task battery was used to assess five cognitive subdomains: the Choice response time task, the Stroop test, the Tower of London test, the Lexical decision task and the Semantic categorisation task. Pearson‘s correlation coefficients were calculated to access the relationships; no multiple-test correction was applied as the tests were explorative in nature. A significant positive correlation was observed for the late-latency gamma and the mean number of steps in the Tower of London task reflecting planning and problem-solving abilities. These findings support the concept that 40-Hz ASSR might highlight top-down mechanisms which are related to cognitive functioning. Therefore, 40-Hz ASSRs can be used to explore the relationship between cognitive functioning and neurophysiological indices of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Povilas Tarailis
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Evaldas Pipinis
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Al-Shargie F, Tariq U, Mir H, Alawar H, Babiloni F, Al-Nashash H. Vigilance Decrement and Enhancement Techniques: A Review. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9080178. [PMID: 31357524 PMCID: PMC6721323 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9080178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the first comprehensive review on vigilance enhancement using both conventional and unconventional means, and further discusses the resulting contradictory findings. It highlights the key differences observed between the research findings and argues that variations of the experimental protocol could be a significant contributing factor towards such contradictory results. Furthermore, the paper reveals the effectiveness of unconventional means of enhancement in significant reduction of vigilance decrement compared to conventional means. Meanwhile, a discussion on the challenges of enhancement techniques is presented, with several suggested recommendations and alternative strategies to maintain an adequate level of vigilance for the task at hand. Additionally, this review provides evidence in support of the use of unconventional means of enhancement on vigilance studies, regardless of their practical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares Al-Shargie
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Usman Tariq
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hasan Mir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamad Alawar
- Dubai Police Headquarters, Dubai 1493, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fabio Babiloni
- Dept. Molecular Medicine, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hasan Al-Nashash
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Biosciences and Bioengineering Research Institute, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab Emirates
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29
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Event-related potentials to single-cycle binaural beats and diotic amplitude modulation of a tone. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1931-1945. [PMID: 31111175 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05562-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
When two tones with slightly different frequencies are dichotically presented, binaural beats (BBs) are experienced. BBs resulting from the cycling change in interaural phase difference elicit electroencephalographic responses. Because they repeat at short periods, allowing poor recovery of the cortical responses, these steady-state responses have small amplitudes, and their various wave components intermingle and might mask each other. Using single-cycle BBs separated by relatively long inter-onset intervals would be a solution, but introducing a transient interaural frequency shift requires response subtraction which may not be acceptable for non-additive brain responses. The proposed stimulation method employs transient and monaurally subthreshold frequency shifts in opposite directions in the two ears to produce single-cycle BBs of a 250 Hz tone. These shifts are perceived as distinct BBs when presented dichotically, but remain subthreshold when presented monotically. Therefore, no frequency-shift response is elicited, and the specific BB response is obtained with no need for waveform subtraction. We recorded from 19 normal hearing participants the event-related potentials (ERPs) to single-cycle BBs and also to temporary diotic amplitude modulation (AM) with matched perceptual salience. The ERPs to single-cycle BBs presented at 2 s inter-onset intervals had N1-P2 responses with up to seven times larger amplitudes than the conventional steady-state BB responses in the literature. Significant differences were found between the scalp potential distributions of the N1 responses to BB and AM stimuli, suggesting that the cortical sites, where envelope-based level processing and temporal fine structure-based spatial processing of the stimulus take place, are not totally overlapped.
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30
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Jirakittayakorn N, Wongsawat Y. A Novel Insight of Effects of a 3-Hz Binaural Beat on Sleep Stages During Sleep. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:387. [PMID: 30319382 PMCID: PMC6165862 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dichotic presentation of two almost equivalent pure tones with slightly different frequencies leads to virtual beat perception by the brain. In this phenomenon, the so-called binaural beat has a frequency equaling the difference of the frequencies of the two pure tones. The binaural beat can entrain neural activities to synchronize with the beat frequency and induce behavioral states related to the neural activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a 3-Hz binaural beat on sleep stages, which is considered a behavioral state. Twenty-four participants were allocated to experimental and control groups. The experimental period was three consecutive nights consisting of an adaptation night, a baseline night, and an experimental night. Participants in both groups underwent the same procedures, but only the experimental group was exposed to the 3-Hz binaural beat on the experimental night. The stimulus was initiated when the first epoch of the N2 sleep stage was detected and stopped when the first epoch of the N3 sleep stage detected. For the control group, a silent sham stimulus was used. However, the participants were blinded to their stimulus group. The results showed that the N3 duration of the experimental group was longer than that of the control group, and the N2 duration of the experimental group was shorter than that of the control group. Moreover, the N3 latency of the experimental group was shorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawachara Jirakittayakorn
- Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Yodchanan Wongsawat
- Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
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31
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Garcia-Argibay M, Santed MA, Reales JM. Efficacy of binaural auditory beats in cognition, anxiety, and pain perception: a meta-analysis. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 83:357-372. [PMID: 30073406 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binaural auditory beats are a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when presenting separately to each ear two tones that slightly differ in their frequency. It has been suggested that binaural beats can influence cognition and mental states among others. The objective of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of binaural beats on memory, attention, anxiety, and analgesia. Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. The results, based on 35 effect sizes, showed an overall medium, significant, consistent effect size (g = 0.45). Meta-regression results indicated that it does not seem to be necessary to mask binaural beats with white noise or pink noise in terms of effectiveness, obtaining similar effects with unmasked binaural beats. Moreover, the findings suggest that binaural-beat exposure before, and before and during the task produces superior results than exposure during the task. Time under exposure contributed significantly to the model indicating that longer periods are advisable to ensure maximum effectiveness. Our meta-analysis adds to the growing evidence that binaural-beat exposure is an effective way to affect cognition over and above reducing anxiety levels and the perception of pain without prior training, and that the direction and the magnitude of the effect depends upon the frequency used, time under exposure, and the moment in which the exposure takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Garcia-Argibay
- Department of Behavioral Science, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Santed
- Department of Personality Psychology, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Reales
- Department of Behavioral Science, National University of Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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Jaeger M, Bleichner MG, Bauer AKR, Mirkovic B, Debener S. Did You Listen to the Beat? Auditory Steady-State Responses in the Human Electroencephalogram at 4 and 7 Hz Modulation Rates Reflect Selective Attention. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:811-826. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Dynamic cortical representations of perceptual filling-in for missing acoustic rhythm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17536. [PMID: 29235479 PMCID: PMC5727537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the phenomenon of perceptual filling-in, missing sensory information can be reconstructed via interpolation or extrapolation from adjacent contextual cues by what is necessarily an endogenous, not yet well understood, neural process. In this investigation, sound stimuli were chosen to allow observation of fixed cortical oscillations driven by contextual (but missing) sensory input, thus entirely reflecting endogenous neural activity. The stimulus employed was a 5 Hz frequency-modulated tone, with brief masker probes (noise bursts) occasionally added. For half the probes, the rhythmic frequency modulation was moreover removed. Listeners reported whether the tone masked by each probe was perceived as being rhythmic or not. Time-frequency analysis of neural responses obtained by magnetoencephalography (MEG) shows that for maskers without the underlying acoustic rhythm, trials where rhythm was nonetheless perceived show higher evoked sustained rhythmic power than trials for which no rhythm was reported. The results support a model in which perceptual filling-in is aided by differential co-modulations of cortical activity at rates directly relevant to human speech communication. We propose that the presence of rhythmically-modulated neural dynamics predicts the subjective experience of a rhythmically modulated sound in real time, even when the perceptual experience is not supported by corresponding sensory data.
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Binaural auditory beats affect long-term memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 83:1124-1136. [DOI: 10.1007/s00426-017-0959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Melynyte S, Pipinis E, Genyte V, Voicikas A, Rihs T, Griskova-Bulanova I. 40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response: The Impact of Handedness and Gender. Brain Topogr 2017; 31:419-429. [PMID: 29218677 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-017-0611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a periodic response to a periodic stimulation. Its sources are located in the primary auditory cortex and the asymmetry of the planum temporale has previously been associated with hand preference and gender-related differences; thus subject's handedness and gender could potentially influence ASSRs. Nevertheless, electrophysiological studies of ASSRs are mainly dominated by right-handed participants and the observed findings can only be generalized to the right-handed populations. However, for a potential use of 40 Hz ASSR as a translational biomarker of neuropsychiatric disorders, it is important to investigate the response in association to handedness and gender. We included an equal number of left-handed and right-handed males and females and recorded EEG responses during left-ear, right-ear and both ears stimulation. The results of the study suggest that the processing of 40 Hz auditory stimulation depends on the subjects' gender and handedness: significantly lower phase-locking and strength of 40 Hz ASSRs were observed in left-handed females as compared to left-handed males, but right-handers did not differ in 40 Hz ASSRs. Our observation of the opposite impact of gender in the examined handedness groups stresses the importance of careful consideration of handedness and gender factors when evaluating the determinants of inter individual variability of 40 Hz ASSRs. This finding is of particular importance for clinical studies in psychiatry and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Melynyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Evaldas Pipinis
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaida Genyte
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Voicikas
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tonia Rihs
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Inga Griskova-Bulanova
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Sauletekio ave 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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36
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Alonso-Valerdi LM, Ibarra-Zarate DI, Tavira-Sánchez FJ, Ramírez-Mendoza RA, Recuero M. Electroencephalographic evaluation of acoustic therapies for the treatment of chronic and refractory tinnitus. BMC EAR, NOSE, AND THROAT DISORDERS 2017; 17:9. [PMID: 29209149 PMCID: PMC5704517 DOI: 10.1186/s12901-017-0042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background To date, a large number of acoustic therapies have been applied to treat tinnitus. The effect that produces those auditory stimuli is, however, not well understood yet. Furthermore, the conventional clinical protocol is based on a trial-error procedure, and there is not a formal and adequate treatment follow-up. At present, the only way to evaluate acoustic therapies is by means of subjective methods such as analog visual scale and ad-hoc questionnaires. Methods This protocol seeks to establish an objective methodology to treat tinnitus with acoustic therapies based on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity evaluation. On the hypothesis that acoustic therapies should produce perceptual and cognitive changes at a cortical level, it is proposed to examine neural electrical activity of patients suffering from refractory and chronic tinnitus in four different stages: at the beginning of the experiment, at one week of treatment, at five weeks of treatment, and at eight weeks of treatment. Four of the most efficient acoustic therapies found at the moment are considered: retraining, auditory discrimination, enriched acoustic environment, and binaural. Discussion EEG has become a standard brain imaging tool to quantify and qualify neural oscillations, which are basically spatial, temporal, and spectral patterns associated with particular perceptual, cognitive, motor and emotional processes. Neural oscillations have been traditionally studied on the basis of event-related experiments, where time-locked and phase-locked responses (i.e., event-related potentials) along with time-locked but not necessary phase-locked responses (i.e., event-related (de) synchronization) have been essentially estimated. Both potentials and levels of synchronization related to auditory stimuli are herein proposed to assess the effect of acoustic therapies. Trial registration Registration Number: ISRCTN14553550. ISRCTN Registry: BioMed Central. Date of Registration: October 31st, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Alonso-Valerdi
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - David I Ibarra-Zarate
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Francisco J Tavira-Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación en Instrumentación y Acústica Aplicada (I2A2), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Carretera de Valencia km 7, 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo A Ramírez-Mendoza
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849 Monterrey, NL Mexico
| | - Manuel Recuero
- Grupo de Investigación en Instrumentación y Acústica Aplicada (I2A2), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Carretera de Valencia km 7, 28031 Madrid, Spain
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López-Caballero F, Escera C. Binaural Beat: A Failure to Enhance EEG Power and Emotional Arousal. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:557. [PMID: 29187819 PMCID: PMC5694826 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
When two pure tones of slightly different frequencies are delivered simultaneously to the two ears, is generated a beat whose frequency corresponds to the frequency difference between them. That beat is known as acoustic beat. If these two tones are presented one to each ear, they still produce the sensation of the same beat, although no physical combination of the tones occurs outside the auditory system. This phenomenon is called binaural beat. In the present study, we explored the potential contribution of binaural beats to the enhancement of specific electroencephalographic (EEG) bands, as previous studies suggest the potential usefulness of binaural beats as a brainwave entrainment tool. Additionally, we analyzed the effects of binaural-beat stimulation on two psychophysiological measures related to emotional arousal: heart rate and skin conductance. Beats of five different frequencies (4.53 Hz -theta-, 8.97 Hz -alpha-, 17.93 Hz -beta-, 34.49 Hz -gamma- or 57.3 Hz -upper-gamma) were presented binaurally and acoustically for epochs of 3 min (Beat epochs), preceded and followed by pink noise epochs of 90 s (Baseline and Post epochs, respectively). In each of these epochs, we analyzed the EEG spectral power, as well as calculated the heart rate and skin conductance response (SCR). For all the beat frequencies used for stimulation, no significant changes between Baseline and Beat epochs were observed within the corresponding EEG bands, neither with binaural or with acoustic beats. Additional analysis of spectral EEG topographies yielded negative results for the effect of binaural beats in the scalp distribution of EEG spectral power. In the psychophysiological measures, no changes in heart rate and skin conductance were observed for any of the beat frequencies presented. Our results do not support binaural-beat stimulation as a potential tool for the enhancement of EEG oscillatory activity, nor to induce changes in emotional arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran López-Caballero
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Escera
- Brainlab-Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona, Spain
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Amplitude modulation rate dependent topographic organization of the auditory steady-state response in human auditory cortex. Hear Res 2017; 354:102-108. [PMID: 28917446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Periodic modulations of an acoustic feature, such as amplitude over a certain frequency range, leads to phase locking of neural responses to the envelope of the modulation. Using electrophysiological methods this neural activity pattern, also called the auditory steady-state response (aSSR), is visible following frequency transformation of the evoked response as a clear spectral peak at the modulation frequency. Despite several studies employing the aSSR that show, for example, strongest responses for ∼40 Hz and an overall right-hemispheric dominance, it has not been investigated so far to what extent within auditory cortex different modulation frequencies elicit aSSRs at a homogenous source or whether the localization of the aSSR is topographically organized in a systematic manner. The latter would be suggested by previous neuroimaging works in monkeys and humans showing a periodotopic organization within and across distinct auditory fields. However, the sluggishness of the signal from these neuroimaging works prohibit inferences with regards to the fine-temporal features of the neural response. In the present study, we employed amplitude-modulated (AM) sounds over a range between 4 and 85 Hz to elicit aSSRs while recording brain activity via magnetoencephalography (MEG). Using beamforming and a fine spatially resolved grid restricted to auditory cortical processing regions, our study revealed a topographic representation of the aSSR that depends on AM rate, in particular in the medial-lateral (bilateral) and posterior-anterior (right auditory cortex) direction. In summary, our findings confirm previous studies that showing different AM rates to elicit maximal response in distinct neural populations. They extend these findings however by also showing that these respective neural ensembles in auditory cortex actually phase lock their activity over a wide modulation frequency range.
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39
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Jirakittayakorn N, Wongsawat Y. Brain Responses to a 6-Hz Binaural Beat: Effects on General Theta Rhythm and Frontal Midline Theta Activity. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:365. [PMID: 28701912 PMCID: PMC5487409 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A binaural beat is a beat phenomenon that is generated by the dichotic presentation of two almost equivalent pure tones but with slightly different frequencies. The brain responses to binaural beats remain controversial; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate theta activity responses to a binaural beat by controlling factors affecting localization, including beat frequency, carrier tone frequency, exposure duration, and recording procedure. Exposure to a 6-Hz binaural beat on a 250 Hz carrier tone for 30 min was utilized in this study. Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was utilized as the recording modality. Twenty-eight participants were divided into experimental and control groups. Emotional states were evaluated by Brunel Mood Scale (BRMUS) before and after exposing to the stimulus. The results showed that theta activity was induced in the entire cortex within 10 min of exposure to the stimulus in the experimental group. Compared to the control group, theta activity was also induced at the frontal and parietal-central regions, which included the Fz position, and left hemisphere dominance was presented for other exposure durations. The pattern recorded for 10 min of exposure appeared to be brain functions of a meditative state. Moreover, tension factor of BRUMS was decreased in experimental group compared to control group which resembled the meditation effect. Thus, a 6-Hz binaural beat on a 250 Hz carrier tone was suggested as a stimulus for inducing a meditative state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nantawachara Jirakittayakorn
- Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol UniversityNakhorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yodchanan Wongsawat
- Brain-Computer Interface Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol UniversityNakhorn Pathom, Thailand
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Chaieb L, Wilpert EC, Hoppe C, Axmacher N, Fell J. The Impact of Monaural Beat Stimulation on Anxiety and Cognition. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:251. [PMID: 28555100 PMCID: PMC5430051 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of auditory beat stimulation has been speculated to provide a promising new tool with which to alleviate symptoms of anxiety and to enhance cognition. In spite of reportedly similar EEG effects of binaural and monaural beats, data on behavioral effects of monaural beats are still lacking. Therefore, we examined the impact of monaural beat stimulation on anxiety, mood and memory performance. We aimed to target states related to anxiety levels and general well-being, in addition to long-term and working memory processes, using monaural beats within the range of main cortical rhythms. Theta (6 Hz), alpha (10 Hz) and gamma (40 Hz) beat frequencies, as well as a control stimulus were applied to healthy participants for 5 min. After each stimulation period, participants were asked to evaluate their current mood state and to perform cognitive tasks examining long-term and working memory processes, in addition to a vigilance task. Monaural beat stimulation was found to reduce state anxiety. When evaluating responses for the individual beat frequencies, positive effects on state anxiety were observed for all monaural beat conditions compared to control stimulation. Our results indicate a role for monaural beat stimulation in modulating state anxiety and are in line with previous studies reporting anxiety-reducing effects of auditory beat stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | - Elke C Wilpert
- Department of Epileptology, University of BonnBonn, Germany
| | | | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Faculty of Psychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of BochumBochum, Germany
| | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University of BonnBonn, Germany
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Neff P, Michels J, Meyer M, Schecklmann M, Langguth B, Schlee W. 10 Hz Amplitude Modulated Sounds Induce Short-Term Tinnitus Suppression. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:130. [PMID: 28579955 PMCID: PMC5437109 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Acoustic stimulation or sound therapy is proposed as a main treatment option for chronic subjective tinnitus. To further probe the field of acoustic stimulations for tinnitus therapy, this exploratory study compared 10 Hz amplitude modulated (AM) sounds (two pure tones, noise, music, and frequency modulated (FM) sounds) and unmodulated sounds (pure tone, noise) regarding their temporary suppression of tinnitus loudness. First, it was hypothesized that modulated sounds elicit larger temporary loudness suppression (residual inhibition) than unmodulated sounds. Second, with manipulation of stimulus loudness and duration of the modulated sounds weaker or stronger effects of loudness suppression were expected, respectively. Methods: We recruited 29 participants with chronic tonal tinnitus from the multidisciplinary Tinnitus Clinic of the University of Regensburg. Participants underwent audiometric, psychometric and tinnitus pitch matching assessments followed by an acoustic stimulation experiment with a tinnitus loudness growth paradigm. In a first block participants were stimulated with all of the sounds for 3 min each and rated their subjective tinnitus loudness to the pre-stimulus loudness every 30 s after stimulus offset. The same procedure was deployed in the second block with the pure tone AM stimuli matched to the tinnitus frequency, manipulated in length (6 min), and loudness (reduced by 30 dB and linear fade out). Repeated measures mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVA) were calculated to assess differences in loudness growth between the stimuli for each block separately. Results: First, we found that all sounds elicit a short-term suppression of tinnitus loudness (seconds to minutes) with strongest suppression right after stimulus offset [F(6, 1331) = 3.74, p < 0.01]. Second, similar to previous findings we found that AM sounds near the tinnitus frequency produce significantly stronger tinnitus loudness suppression than noise [vs. Pink noise: t(27) = -4.22, p < 0.0001]. Finally, variants of the AM sound matched to the tinnitus frequency reduced in sound level resulted in less suppression while there was no significant difference observed for a longer stimulation duration. Moreover, feasibility of the overall procedure could be confirmed as scores of both tinnitus loudness and questionnaires were lower after the experiment [tinnitus loudness: t(27) = 2.77, p < 0.01; Tinnitus Questionnaire: t(27) = 2.06, p < 0.05; Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: t(27) = 1.92, p = 0.065]. Conclusion: Taken together, these results imply that AM sounds, especially in or around the tinnitus frequency, may induce larger suppression than unmodulated sounds. Future studies should thus evaluate this approach in longitudinal studies and real life settings. Furthermore, the putative neural relation of these sound stimuli with a modulation rate in the EEG α band to the observed tinnitus suppression should be probed with respective neurophysiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Neff
- Neuroplasticity and Learning in the Healthy Aging Brain (HAB LAB), Department of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Michels
- Department of Medicine, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Meyer
- Neuroplasticity and Learning in the Healthy Aging Brain (HAB LAB), Department of Psychology, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland.,Cognitive Psychology Unit, University of KlagenfurtKlagenfurt, Austria
| | - Martin Schecklmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Berthold Langguth
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Schlee
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
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Slugocki C, Bosnyak D, Trainor LJ. Simultaneously-evoked auditory potentials (SEAP): A new method for concurrent measurement of cortical and subcortical auditory-evoked activity. Hear Res 2017; 345:30-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Beauchene C, Abaid N, Moran R, Diana RA, Leonessa A. The effect of binaural beats on verbal working memory and cortical connectivity. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:026014. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa5d67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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44
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Beauchene C, Abaid N, Moran R, Diana RA, Leonessa A. The Effect of Binaural Beats on Visuospatial Working Memory and Cortical Connectivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166630. [PMID: 27893766 PMCID: PMC5125618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Binaural beats utilize a phenomenon that occurs within the cortex when two different frequencies are presented separately to each ear. This procedure produces a third phantom binaural beat, whose frequency is equal to the difference of the two presented tones and which can be manipulated for non-invasive brain stimulation. The effects of binaural beats on working memory, the system in control of temporary retention and online organization of thoughts for successful goal directed behavior, have not been well studied. Furthermore, no studies have evaluated the effects of binaural beats on brain connectivity during working memory tasks. In this study, we determined the effects of different acoustic stimulation conditions on participant response accuracy and cortical network topology, as measured by EEG recordings, during a visuospatial working memory task. Three acoustic stimulation control conditions and three binaural beat stimulation conditions were used: None, Pure Tone, Classical Music, 5Hz binaural beats, 10Hz binaural beats, and 15Hz binaural beats. We found that listening to 15Hz binaural beats during a visuospatial working memory task not only increased the response accuracy, but also modified the strengths of the cortical networks during the task. The three auditory control conditions and the 5Hz and 10Hz binaural beats all decreased accuracy. Based on graphical network analyses, the cortical activity during 15Hz binaural beats produced networks characteristic of high information transfer with consistent connection strengths throughout the visuospatial working memory task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Beauchene
- Center for Dynamic Systems Modeling and Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nicole Abaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rosalyn Moran
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Clifton, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel A. Diana
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alexander Leonessa
- Center for Dynamic Systems Modeling and Control, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Jirakittayakorn N, Wongsawat Y. The brain responses to different frequencies of binaural beat sounds on QEEG at cortical level. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:4687-91. [PMID: 26737340 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beat phenomenon is occurred when two slightly different frequency waves interfere each other. The beat can also occur in the brain by providing two slightly different frequency waves separately each ear. This is called binaural beat. The brain responses to binaural beat are in discussion process whether the brain side and the brain area. Therefore, this study aims to figure out the brain responses to binaural beat by providing different binaural beat frequencies on 250 carrier tone continuously for 30 minutes to participants and using quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to interpret the data. The result shows that different responses appear in different beat frequency. Left hemisphere dominance occur in 3 Hz beat within 15 minutes and 15 Hz beat within 5 minutes. Right hemisphere dominance occurs in 10 Hz beat within 25 minute. 6 Hz beat enhances all area of the brain within 10 minutes. 8 Hz and 25 Hz beats have no clearly responses while 40 Hz beat enhances the responses in frontal lobe. These brain responses can be used for brain modulation application to induce the brain activity in further studies.
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46
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Solcà M, Mottaz A, Guggisberg AG. Binaural beats increase interhemispheric alpha-band coherence between auditory cortices. Hear Res 2015; 332:233-237. [PMID: 26541421 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Binaural beats (BBs) are an auditory illusion occurring when two tones of slightly different frequency are presented separately to each ear. BBs have been suggested to alter physiological and cognitive processes through synchronization of the brain hemispheres. To test this, we recorded electroencephalograms (EEG) at rest and while participants listened to BBs or a monaural control condition during which both tones were presented to both ears. We calculated for each condition the interhemispheric coherence, which expressed the synchrony between neural oscillations of both hemispheres. Compared to monaural beats and resting state, BBs enhanced interhemispheric coherence between the auditory cortices. Beat frequencies in the alpha (10 Hz) and theta (4 Hz) frequency range both increased interhemispheric coherence selectively at alpha frequencies. In a second experiment, we evaluated whether this coherence increase has a behavioral aftereffect on binaural listening. No effects were observed in a dichotic digit task performed immediately after BBs presentation. Our results suggest that BBs enhance alpha-band oscillation synchrony between the auditory cortices during auditory stimulation. This effect seems to reflect binaural integration rather than entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solcà
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Mottaz
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - Adrian G Guggisberg
- Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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Wang KW, Chang HH, Hsu CC, Chen KC, Hsieh JC, Li LPH, Lee PL, Shiao AS. Extractions of steady-state auditory evoked fields in normal subjects and tinnitus patients using complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition. Biomed Eng Online 2015. [PMID: 26210316 PMCID: PMC4514968 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) induced by repetitive auditory stimulus is commonly used for audiometric testing. ASSR can be measured using electro-encephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), referred to as steady-state auditory evoked potential (SSAEP) and steady-state auditory evoked field (SSAEF), respectively. However, the signal level of SSAEP and SSAEF are weak so that signal processing technique is required to increase its signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, a complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD)-based approach is proposed in MEG study and the extraction of SSAEF has been demonstrated in normal subjects and tinnitus patients. METHODS The CEEMD utilizes noise assisted data analysis (NADA) approach by adding positive and negative noise to decompose MEG signals into complementary intrinsic mode functions (IMF). Ten subjects (five normal and five tinnitus patients) were studied. The auditory stimulus was designed as 1 kHz carrier frequency with 37 Hz modulation frequency. Two channels in the vicinities of right and left temporal areas were chosen as channel-of-interests (COI) and decomposed into IMFs. The spatial distribution of each IMF was correlated with a pair of left- and right-hemisphere spatial templates, designed from each subject's N100m responses in pure-tone auditory stimulation. IMFs with spatial distributions highly correlated with spatial templates were identified using K-means and those SSAEF-related IMFs were used to reconstruct noise-suppressed SSAEFs. RESULTS The current strengths estimated from CEEMD processed SSAEF showed neural activities greater or comparable to those processed by conventional filtering method. Both the normal and tinnitus groups showed the phenomenon of right-hemisphere dominance. The mean current strengths of auditory-induced neural activities in tinnitus group were larger than the normal group. CONCLUSIONS The present study proposes an effective method for SSAEF extraction. The enhanced SSAEF in tinnitus group echoes the decreased inhibition in tinnitus's central auditory structures as reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Imaging, Landseed Hospital, No. 77, Kuan-Tai Rd., Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Huang Chang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taiwan. .,Cardiovascular Surgery Division, Surgery Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taiwan. .,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wu-Hsing St., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Chao Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Chenghsin St., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jen-Chuen Hsieh
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Lieber Po-Hung Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Chenghsin St., Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lei Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taiwan. .,Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taiwan.
| | - An-Suey Shiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ioannou CI, Pereda E, Lindsen JP, Bhattacharya J. Electrical Brain Responses to an Auditory Illusion and the Impact of Musical Expertise. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129486. [PMID: 26065708 PMCID: PMC4466486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presentation of two sinusoidal tones, one to each ear, with a slight frequency mismatch yields an auditory illusion of a beating frequency equal to the frequency difference between the two tones; this is known as binaural beat (BB). The effect of brief BB stimulation on scalp EEG is not conclusively demonstrated. Further, no studies have examined the impact of musical training associated with BB stimulation, yet musicians' brains are often associated with enhanced auditory processing. In this study, we analysed EEG brain responses from two groups, musicians and non-musicians, when stimulated by short presentation (1 min) of binaural beats with beat frequency varying from 1 Hz to 48 Hz. We focused our analysis on alpha and gamma band EEG signals, and they were analysed in terms of spectral power, and functional connectivity as measured by two phase synchrony based measures, phase locking value and phase lag index. Finally, these measures were used to characterize the degree of centrality, segregation and integration of the functional brain network. We found that beat frequencies belonging to alpha band produced the most significant steady-state responses across groups. Further, processing of low frequency (delta, theta, alpha) binaural beats had significant impact on cortical network patterns in the alpha band oscillations. Altogether these results provide a neurophysiological account of cortical responses to BB stimulation at varying frequencies, and demonstrate a modulation of cortico-cortical connectivity in musicians' brains, and further suggest a kind of neuronal entrainment of a linear and nonlinear relationship to the beating frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos I Ioannou
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Music Physiology and Musicians' Medicine, Hannover University of Music, Drama and Media, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ernesto Pereda
- Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering Group, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Technology (CIBICAN), University of La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Job P Lindsen
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joydeep Bhattacharya
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Mihajloski T, Bohorquez J, Özdamar Ö. Effects of single cycle binaural beat duration on auditory evoked potentials. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:4587-90. [PMID: 25571013 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Binaural beat (BB) illusions are experienced as continuous central pulsations when two sounds with slightly different frequencies are delivered to each ear. It has been shown that steady-state auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to BBs can be captured and investigated. The authors recently developed a new method of evoking transient AEPs to binaural beats using frequency modulated stimuli. This methodology was able to create single BBs in predetermined intervals with varying carrier frequencies. This study examines the effects of the BB duration and the frequency modulating component of the stimulus on the binaural beats and their evoked potentials. Normal hearing subjects were tested with a set of four durations (25, 50, 100, and 200 ms) with two stimulation configurations, binaural dichotic (binaural beats) and diotic (frequency modulation). The results obtained from the study showed that out of the given durations, the 100 ms beat, was capable of evoking the largest amplitude responses. The frequency modulation effect showed a decrease in peak amplitudes with increasing beat duration until their complete disappearance at 200 ms. Even though, at 200 ms, the frequency modulation effects were not present, the binaural beats were still perceived and captured as evoked potentials.
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50
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Chaieb L, Wilpert EC, Reber TP, Fell J. Auditory beat stimulation and its effects on cognition and mood States. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:70. [PMID: 26029120 PMCID: PMC4428073 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory beat stimulation may be a promising new tool for the manipulation of cognitive processes and the modulation of mood states. Here, we aim to review the literature examining the most current applications of auditory beat stimulation and its targets. We give a brief overview of research on auditory steady-state responses and its relationship to auditory beat stimulation (ABS). We have summarized relevant studies investigating the neurophysiological changes related to ABS and how they impact upon the design of appropriate stimulation protocols. Focusing on binaural-beat stimulation, we then discuss the role of monaural- and binaural-beat frequencies in cognition and mood states, in addition to their efficacy in targeting disease symptoms. We aim to highlight important points concerning stimulation parameters and try to address why there are often contradictory findings with regard to the outcomes of ABS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Chaieb
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | | | - Thomas P Reber
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Juergen Fell
- Department of Epileptology, University of Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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