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Olefir I, Ghazaryan A, Yang H, Malekzadeh-Najafabadi J, Glasl S, Symvoulidis P, O'Leary VB, Sergiadis G, Ntziachristos V, Ovsepian SV. Spatial and Spectral Mapping and Decomposition of Neural Dynamics and Organization of the Mouse Brain with Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2833-2846.e3. [PMID: 30840901 PMCID: PMC6403416 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional optical imaging, limited light penetration constrains high-resolution interrogation to tissue surfaces. Optoacoustic imaging combines the superb contrast of optical imaging with deep penetration of ultrasound, enabling a range of new applications. We used multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) for functional and structural neuroimaging in mice at resolution, depth, and specificity unattainable by other neuroimaging modalities. Based on multispectral readouts, we computed hemoglobin gradient and oxygen saturation changes related to processing of somatosensory signals in different structures along the entire subcortical-cortical axis. Using temporal correlation analysis and seed-based maps, we reveal the connectivity between cortical, thalamic, and sub-thalamic formations. With the same modality, high-resolution structural tomography of intact mouse brain was achieved based on endogenous contrasts, demonstrating near-perfect matches with anatomical features revealed by histology. These results extend the limits of noninvasive observations beyond the reach of standard high-resolution neuroimaging, verifying the suitability of MSOT for small-animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Olefir
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ara Ghazaryan
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jaber Malekzadeh-Najafabadi
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Glasl
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Symvoulidis
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie B O'Leary
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George Sergiadis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Saak V Ovsepian
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Ingolstadter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Biological Imaging, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Topolová 748, 25067 Klecany, Czech Republic; Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Third Faculty of Medicine of Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Kreitz S, de Celis Alonso B, Uder M, Hess A. A New Analysis of Resting State Connectivity and Graph Theory Reveals Distinctive Short-Term Modulations due to Whisker Stimulation in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:334. [PMID: 29875622 PMCID: PMC5974228 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state (RS) connectivity has been increasingly studied in healthy and diseased brains in humans and animals. This paper presents a new method to analyze RS data from fMRI that combines multiple seed correlation analysis with graph-theory (MSRA). We characterize and evaluate this new method in relation to two other graph-theoretical methods and ICA. The graph-theoretical methods calculate cross-correlations of regional average time-courses, one using seed regions of the same size (SRCC) and the other using whole brain structure regions (RCCA). We evaluated the reproducibility, power, and capacity of these methods to characterize short-term RS modulation to unilateral physiological whisker stimulation in rats. Graph-theoretical networks found with the MSRA approach were highly reproducible, and their communities showed large overlaps with ICA components. Additionally, MSRA was the only one of all tested methods that had the power to detect significant RS modulations induced by whisker stimulation that are controlled by family-wise error rate (FWE). Compared to the reduced resting state network connectivity during task performance, these modulations implied decreased connectivity strength in the bilateral sensorimotor and entorhinal cortex. Additionally, the contralateral ventromedial thalamus (part of the barrel field related lemniscal pathway) and the hypothalamus showed reduced connectivity. Enhanced connectivity was observed in the amygdala, especially the contralateral basolateral amygdala (involved in emotional learning processes). In conclusion, MSRA is a powerful analytical approach that can reliably detect tiny modulations of RS connectivity. It shows a great promise as a method for studying RS dynamics in healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kreitz
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benito de Celis Alonso
- Faculty of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Afarinesh MR, Behzadi G. The Effects of De-Whiskering and Congenital Hypothyroidism on The Development of Nitrergic Neurons in Rat Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortices. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:157-167. [PMID: 29633592 PMCID: PMC5893286 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of chronic whisker deprivation on possible alterations to
the development of nitrergic neurons in the whisker part of the somatosensory (wS1) and motor (wM1) cortices in offspring
with congenital hypothyroidism (CH).
Materials and Methods In the experimental study, CH was induced by adding propylthiouracil to the rats drinking water from
embryonic day 16 to postnatal day (PND) 60. In whisker-deprived (WD) pups, all the whiskers were trimmed from PND 1 to
60. Nitrergic interneurons in the wS1/M1 cortices were detected by NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry staining technique in
the control (Ctl), Ctl+WD, Hypo and Hypo+WD groups.
Results In both wS1 and wM1 cortices the number of nitrergic neurons was significantly reduced in the Hypo and
Hypo+WD groups compared to Ctl and Ctl+WD groups, respectively (P<0.05) while bilateral whisker deprivation had no
remarkable effect. The mean soma diameter size of NADPH-d labeled neurons in the Ctl+WD and Hypo+WD groups
was decreased compared to the Ctl and Hypo groups, respectively. A similar patterns of decreased NADPH-d labeled
neurons in the wS1/M1 cortices occur in the processes of nitrergic neurons in both congenital hypothyroidism and
whisker deprivation.
Conclusion Our results suggest that both congenital hypothyroidism and whisker deprivation may disturb normal
development of the wS1 and wM1 cortical circuits in which nitrergic neurons are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center (INRC), Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Gila Behzadi
- Functional Neuroanatomy Labaratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Medicine Science University, Tehran, Iran
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Uhlirova H, Kılıç K, Tian P, Sakadžić S, Gagnon L, Thunemann M, Desjardins M, Saisan PA, Nizar K, Yaseen MA, Hagler DJ, Vandenberghe M, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Silva GA, Masliah E, Kleinfeld D, Vinogradov S, Buxton RB, Einevoll GT, Boas DA, Dale AM, Devor A. The roadmap for estimation of cell-type-specific neuronal activity from non-invasive measurements. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0356. [PMID: 27574309 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The computational properties of the human brain arise from an intricate interplay between billions of neurons connected in complex networks. However, our ability to study these networks in healthy human brain is limited by the necessity to use non-invasive technologies. This is in contrast to animal models where a rich, detailed view of cellular-level brain function with cell-type-specific molecular identity has become available due to recent advances in microscopic optical imaging and genetics. Thus, a central challenge facing neuroscience today is leveraging these mechanistic insights from animal studies to accurately draw physiological inferences from non-invasive signals in humans. On the essential path towards this goal is the development of a detailed 'bottom-up' forward model bridging neuronal activity at the level of cell-type-specific populations to non-invasive imaging signals. The general idea is that specific neuronal cell types have identifiable signatures in the way they drive changes in cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of O2 (measurable with quantitative functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging), and electrical currents/potentials (measurable with magneto/electroencephalography). This forward model would then provide the 'ground truth' for the development of new tools for tackling the inverse problem-estimation of neuronal activity from multimodal non-invasive imaging data.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Uhlirova
- Department of Radiology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology and Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kıvılcım Kılıç
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peifang Tian
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Physics, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Louis Gagnon
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | | | - Payam A Saisan
- Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Krystal Nizar
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohammad A Yaseen
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Matthieu Vandenberghe
- Department of Radiology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0407 Oslo, Norway NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gabriel A Silva
- Department of Bioengineering, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Opthalmology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Section of Neurobiology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sergei Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway Department of Physics, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Boas
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna Devor
- Department of Radiology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Department of Neurosciences, UCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, MGH, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Poplawsky AJ, Fukuda M, Kim SG. Foundations of layer-specific fMRI and investigations of neurophysiological activity in the laminarized neocortex and olfactory bulb of animal models. Neuroimage 2017; 199:718-729. [PMID: 28502845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminar organization of neuronal circuits is a recurring feature of how the brain processes information. For instance, different layers compartmentalize different cell types, synaptic activities, and have unique intrinsic and extrinsic connections that serve as units for specialized signal processing. Functional MRI is an invaluable tool to investigate laminar processing in the in vivo human brain, but it measures neuronal activity indirectly by way of the hemodynamic response. Therefore, the accuracy of high-resolution laminar fMRI depends on how precisely it can measure localized microvascular changes nearest to the site of evoked activity. To determine the specificity of fMRI responses to the true neurophysiological responses across layers, the flexibility to invasive procedures in animal models has been necessary. In this review, we will examine different fMRI contrasts and their appropriate uses for layer-specific fMRI, and how localized laminar processing was examined in the neocortex and olfactory bulb. Through collective efforts, it was determined that microvessels, including capillaries, are regulated within single layers and that several endogenous and contrast-enhanced fMRI contrast mechanisms can separate these neural-specific vascular changes from the nonspecific, especially cerebral blood volume-weighted fMRI with intravenous contrast agent injection. We will also propose some open questions that are relevant for the successful implementation of layer-specific fMRI and its potential future directions to study laminar processing when combined with optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander John Poplawsky
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Mitsuhiro Fukuda
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute of Basic Science, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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6
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Joseph J, Tomaszewski MR, Quiros-Gonzalez I, Weber J, Brunker J, Bohndiek SE. Evaluation of Precision in Optoacoustic Tomography for Preclinical Imaging in Living Subjects. J Nucl Med 2017; 58:807-814. [PMID: 28126890 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.182311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Optoacoustic tomography (OT) is now widely used in preclinical imaging; however, the precision (repeatability and reproducibility) of OT has yet to be determined. Methods: We used a commercial small-animal OT system. Measurements in stable phantoms were used to independently assess the impact of system variables on precision (using coefficient of variation, COV), including acquisition wavelength, rotational position, and frame averaging. Variables due to animal handling and physiology, such as anatomic placement and anesthesia conditions, were then assessed in healthy nude mice using the left kidney and spleen as reference organs. Temporal variation was assessed by repeated measurements over hours and days both in phantoms and in vivo. Sensitivity to small-molecule dyes was determined in phantoms and in vivo; precision was assessed in vivo using IRDye800CW. Results: OT COV in a stable phantom was less than 2.8% across all wavelengths over 30 d. The factors with the greatest impact on signal repeatability in phantoms were rotational position and user experience, both of which still resulted in a COV of less than 4% at 700 nm. Anatomic region-of-interest size showed the highest variation, at 12% and 18% COV in the kidney and spleen, respectively; however, functional SO2 measurements based on a standard operating procedure showed an exceptional reproducibility of less than 4% COV. COV for repeated injections of IRDye800CW was 6.6%. Sources of variability for in vivo data included respiration rate, degree of user experience, and animal placement. Conclusion: Data acquired with our small-animal OT system were highly repeatable and reproducible across subjects and over time. Therefore, longitudinal OT studies may be performed with high confidence when our standard operating procedure is followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Joseph
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal R Tomaszewski
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Quiros-Gonzalez
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Weber
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brunker
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics and Cancer Research U.K. Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Wu J, Guo C, Chen S, Jiang T, He Y, Ding W, Yang Z, Luo Q, Gong H. Direct 3D Analyses Reveal Barrel-Specific Vascular Distribution and Cross-Barrel Branching in the Mouse Barrel Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2014; 26:23-31. [PMID: 25085882 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether vascular distribution is spatially specific among cortical columns is a fundamental yet controversial question. Here, we have obtained 1-μm resolution 3D datasets that cover the whole mouse barrel cortex by combining Nissl staining with micro-optical sectioning tomography to simultaneously visualize individual cells and blood vessels, including capillaries. Pinpointing layer IV of the posteromedial barrel subfield, direct 3D reconstruction and quantitative analysis showed that (1) penetrating vessels preferentially locate in the interbarrel septa/barrel wall (75.1%) rather than the barrel hollows, (2) the branches of 70% penetrating vessels only reach the neighboring but not always all the neighboring barrels and the other 30% extend beyond the neighboring barrels and may provide cross-barrel blood supply or drainage, (3) the branches of 59.6% penetrating vessels reach all the neighboring barrels, while the rest only reach part of them, and (4) the length density of microvessels in the interbarrel septa/barrel wall is lower than that in the barrel hollows with a ratio of 0.92. These results reveal that the penetrating vessels and microvessels exhibit a barrel-specific organization, whereas the branches of penetrating vessels do not, which suggests a much more complex vascular distribution pattern among cortical columns than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpeng Wu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Congdi Guo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yong He
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenxiang Ding
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhongqin Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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de Celis Alonso B, Hidalgo Tobón S, Dies Suarez P, García Flores J, de Celis Carrillo B, Barragán Pérez E. A multi-methodological MR resting state network analysis to assess the changes in brain physiology of children with ADHD. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99119. [PMID: 24945408 PMCID: PMC4063721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to highlight the neurological differences between the MR resting state networks of a group of children with ADHD (pre-treatment) and an age-matched healthy group. Results were obtained using different image analysis techniques. A sample of n = 46 children with ages between 6 and 12 years were included in this study (23 per cohort). Resting state image analysis was performed using ReHo, ALFF and ICA techniques. ReHo and ICA represent connectivity analyses calculated with different mathematical approaches. ALFF represents an indirect measurement of brain activity. The ReHo and ICA analyses suggested differences between the two groups, while the ALFF analysis did not. The ReHo and ALFF analyses presented differences with respect to the results previously reported in the literature. ICA analysis showed that the same resting state networks that appear in healthy volunteers of adult age were obtained for both groups. In contrast, these networks were not identical when comparing the healthy and ADHD groups. These differences affected areas for all the networks except the Right Memory Function network. All techniques employed in this study were used to monitor different cerebral regions which participate in the phenomenological characterization of ADHD patients when compared to healthy controls. Results from our three analyses indicated that the cerebellum and mid-frontal lobe bilaterally for ReHo, the executive function regions in ICA, and the precuneus, cuneus and the clacarine fissure for ALFF, were the “hubs” in which the main inter-group differences were found. These results do not just help to explain the physiology underlying the disorder but open the door to future uses of these methodologies to monitor and evaluate patients with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito de Celis Alonso
- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Hidalgo Tobón
- Imaging Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México DF, Mexico
| | - Pilar Dies Suarez
- Imaging Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, México DF, Mexico
| | - Julio García Flores
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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Albieri G, Barnes SJ, de Celis Alonso B, Cheetham CEJ, Edwards CE, Lowe AS, Karunaratne H, Dear JP, Lee KC, Finnerty GT. Rapid Bidirectional Reorganization of Cortical Microcircuits. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:3025-35. [PMID: 24836895 PMCID: PMC4537443 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhu098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature neocortex adapts to altered sensory input by changing neural activity in cortical circuits. The underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We used blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show reorganization in somatosensory cortex elicited by altered whisker sensory input. We found that there was rapid expansion followed by retraction of whisker cortical maps. The cellular basis for the reorganization in primary somatosensory cortex was investigated with paired electrophysiological recordings in the periphery of the expanded whisker representation. During map expansion, the chance of finding a monosynaptic connection between pairs of pyramidal neurons increased 3-fold. Despite the rapid increase in local excitatory connectivity, the average strength and synaptic dynamics did not change, which suggests that new excitatory connections rapidly acquire the properties of established excitatory connections. During map retraction, entire excitatory connections between pyramidal neurons were lost. In contrast, connectivity between pyramidal neurons and fast spiking interneurons was unchanged. Hence, the changes in local excitatory connectivity did not occur in all circuits involving pyramidal neurons. Our data show that pyramidal neurons are recruited to and eliminated from local excitatory networks over days. These findings suggest that the local excitatory connectome is dynamic in mature neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Albieri
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK Current address: Division of Neurobiology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK Current address: MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Benito de Celis Alonso
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK Current address: Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, prior to the University, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Claire E J Cheetham
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK Current address: National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clarissa E Edwards
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andrew S Lowe
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK Current address: MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Harini Karunaratne
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - John P Dear
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Kalok C Lee
- Division of Engineering, King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Gerald T Finnerty
- MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry (Box44), London SE5 8AF, UK
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10
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da Silva Tenório A, da Silva Moura FR, de Lima Silva LPS, Guedes RCA. Lasting facilitatory effects of neonatal vibrissae removal on the propagation of cortical spreading depression: an electrophysiological study in well-nourished and early-malnourished adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 12:281-8. [DOI: 10.1179/147683009x423481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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Yang PF, Chen YY, Chen DY, Hu JW, Chen JH, Yen CT. Comparison of fMRI BOLD response patterns by electrical stimulation of the ventroposterior complex and medial thalamus of the rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66821. [PMID: 23826146 PMCID: PMC3691267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the functional connectivity of the lateral and medial thalamocortical pain pathways by investigating the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation patterns in the forebrain elicited by direct electrical stimulation of the ventroposterior (VP) and medial (MT) thalamus. An MRI-compatible stimulation electrode was implanted in the VP or MT of α-chloralose-anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation was applied to the VP or MT at various intensities (50 µA to 300 µA) and frequencies (1 Hz to 12 Hz). BOLD responses were analyzed in the ipsilateral forelimb region of the primary somatosensory cortex (iS1FL) after VP stimulation and in the ipsilateral cingulate cortex (iCC) after MT stimulation. When stimulating the VP, the strongest activation occurred at 3 Hz. The stimulation intensity threshold was 50 µA and the response rapidly peaked at 100 µA. When stimulating the MT, The optimal frequency for stimulation was 9 Hz or 12 Hz, the stimulation intensity threshold was 100 µA and we observed a graded increase in the BOLD response following the application of higher intensity stimuli. We also evaluated c-Fos expression following the application of a 200-µA stimulus. Ventroposterior thalamic stimulation elicited c-Fos-positivity in few cells in the iS1FL and caudate putamen (iCPu). Medial thalamic stimulation, however, produced numerous c-Fos-positive cells in the iCC and iCPu. The differential BOLD responses and c-Fos expressions elicited by VP and MT stimulation indicate differences in stimulus-response properties of the medial and lateral thalamic pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Feng Yang
- Interdisciplinary MRI/MRI Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yow Chen
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - James W. Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Interdisciplinary MRI/MRI Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHC); (CTY)
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Zoology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JHC); (CTY)
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12
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Goense J, Merkle H, Logothetis NK. High-resolution fMRI reveals laminar differences in neurovascular coupling between positive and negative BOLD responses. Neuron 2013; 76:629-39. [PMID: 23141073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The six cortical layers have distinct anatomical and physiological properties, like different energy use and different feedforward and feedback connectivity. It is not known if and how layer-specific neural processes are reflected in the fMRI signal. To address this question we used high-resolution fMRI to measure BOLD, CBV, and CBF responses to stimuli that elicit positive and negative BOLD signals in macaque primary visual cortex. We found that regions with positive BOLD responses had parallel increases in CBV and CBF, whereas areas with negative BOLD responses showed a decrease in CBF but an increase in CBV. For positive BOLD responses, CBF and CBV increased in the center of the cortex, but for negative BOLD responses, CBF decreased superficially while CBV increased in the center. Our findings suggest different mechanisms for neurovascular coupling for BOLD increases and decreases, as well as laminar differences in neurovascular coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozien Goense
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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13
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Apostolova I, Wunder A, Dirnagl U, Michel R, Stemmer N, Lukas M, Derlin T, Gregor-Mamoudou B, Goldschmidt J, Brenner W, Buchert R. Brain perfusion SPECT in the mouse: Normal pattern according to gender and age. Neuroimage 2012; 63:1807-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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14
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Scholkmann F, Gerber U, Wolf M, Wolf U. End-tidal CO2: an important parameter for a correct interpretation in functional brain studies using speech tasks. Neuroimage 2012; 66:71-9. [PMID: 23099101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate the effect of different speech tasks, i.e. recitation of prose (PR), alliteration (AR) and hexameter (HR) verses and a control task (mental arithmetic (MA) with voicing of the result on end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation. CO2 levels in the blood are known to strongly affect cerebral blood flow. Speech changes breathing pattern and may affect CO2 levels. Measurements were performed on 24 healthy adult volunteers during the performance of the 4 tasks. Tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and absolute concentrations of oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]), deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) and total hemoglobin ([tHb]) were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and PETCO2 by a gas analyzer. Statistical analysis was applied to the difference between baseline before the task, 2 recitation and 5 baseline periods after the task. The 2 brain hemispheres and 4 tasks were tested separately. A significant decrease in PETCO2 was found during all 4 tasks with the smallest decrease during the MA task. During the recitation tasks (PR, AR and HR) a statistically significant (p<0.05) decrease occurred for StO2 during PR and AR in the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) and during AR and HR in the left PFC. [O2Hb] decreased significantly during PR, AR and HR in both hemispheres. [HHb] increased significantly during the AR task in the right PFC. [tHb] decreased significantly during HR in the right PFC and during PR, AR and HR in the left PFC. During the MA task, StO2 increased and [HHb] decreased significantly during the MA task. We conclude that changes in breathing (hyperventilation) during the tasks led to lower CO2 pressure in the blood (hypocapnia), predominantly responsible for the measured changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that PETCO2 should be monitored during functional brain studies investigating speech using neuroimaging modalities, such as fNIRS, fMRI to ensure a correct interpretation of changes in hemodynamics and oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Scholkmann
- Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Gerber
- Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Wolf
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Wolf
- Institute of Complementary Medicine KIKOM, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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de Celis Alonso B, Sergeyeva M, Brune K, Hess A. Lateralization of responses to vibrissal stimulation: Connectivity and information integration in the rat sensory-motor cortex assessed with fMRI. Neuroimage 2012; 62:2101-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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16
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Riera JJ, Ogawa T, Goto T, Sumiyoshi A, Nonaka H, Evans A, Miyakawa H, Kawashima R. Pitfalls in the dipolar model for the neocortical EEG sources. J Neurophysiol 2012; 108:956-75. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00098.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For about six decades, primary current sources of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have been assumed dipolar in nature. In this study, we used electrophysiological recordings from anesthetized Wistar rats undergoing repeated whisker deflections to revise the biophysical foundations of the EEG dipolar model. In a first experiment, we performed three-dimensional recordings of extracellular potentials from a large portion of the barrel field to estimate intracortical multipolar moments generated either by single spiking neurons (i.e., pyramidal cells, PC; spiny stellate cells, SS) or by populations of them while experiencing synchronized postsynaptic potentials. As expected, backpropagating spikes along PC dendrites caused dipolar field components larger in the direction perpendicular to the cortical surface (49.7 ± 22.0 nA·mm). In agreement with the fact that SS cells have “close-field” configurations, their dipolar moment at any direction was negligible. Surprisingly, monopolar field components were detectable both at the level of single units (i.e., −11.7 ± 3.4 nA for PC) and at the mesoscopic level of mixed neuronal populations receiving extended synaptic inputs within either a cortical column (−0.44 ± 0.20 μA) or a 2.5-m3-voxel volume (−3.32 ± 1.20 μA). To evaluate the relationship between the macroscopically defined EEG equivalent dipole and the mesoscopic intracortical multipolar moments, we performed concurrent recordings of high-resolution skull EEG and laminar local field potentials. From this second experiment, we estimated the time-varying EEG equivalent dipole for the entire barrel field using either a multiple dipole fitting or a distributed type of EEG inverse solution. We demonstrated that mesoscopic multipolar components are altogether absorbed by any equivalent dipole in both types of inverse solutions. We conclude that the primary current sources of the EEG in the neocortex of rodents are not precisely represented by a single equivalent dipole and that the existence of monopolar components must be also considered at the mesoscopic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. Riera
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takakuni Goto
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroi Nonaka
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alan Evans
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Hiroyoshi Miyakawa
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Enriched and deprived sensory experience induces structural changes and rewires connectivity during the postnatal development of the brain. Neural Plast 2012; 2012:305693. [PMID: 22848849 PMCID: PMC3400395 DOI: 10.1155/2012/305693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During postnatal development, sensory experience modulates cortical development, inducing numerous changes in all of the components of the cortex. Most of the cortical changes thus induced occur during the critical period, when the functional and structural properties of cortical neurons are particularly susceptible to alterations. Although the time course for experience-mediated sensory development is specific for each system, postnatal development acts as a whole, and if one cortical area is deprived of its normal sensory inputs during early stages, it will be reorganized by the nondeprived senses in a process of cross-modal plasticity that not only increases performance in the remaining senses when one is deprived, but also rewires the brain allowing the deprived cortex to process inputs from other senses and cortices, maintaining the modular configuration. This paper summarizes our current understanding of sensory systems development, focused specially in the visual system. It delineates sensory enhancement and sensory deprivation effects at both physiological and anatomical levels and describes the use of enriched environment as a tool to rewire loss of brain areas to enhance other active senses. Finally, strategies to apply restorative features in human-deprived senses are studied, discussing the beneficial and detrimental effects of cross-modal plasticity in prostheses and sensory substitution devices implantation.
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18
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Urban A, Rancillac A, Martinez L, Rossier J. Deciphering the Neuronal Circuitry Controlling Local Blood Flow in the Cerebral Cortex with Optogenetics in PV::Cre Transgenic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2012; 3:105. [PMID: 22715327 PMCID: PMC3375480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2012.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is know since more than a century that neuronal activity is coupled to blood supply regulation, the underlying pathways remains to be identified. In the brain, neuronal activation triggers a local increase of cerebral blood flow (CBF) that is controlled by the neurogliovascular unit composed of terminals of neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessel muscles. It is generally accepted that the regulation of the neurogliovascular unit is adjusted to local metabolic demand by local circuits. Today experimental data led us to realize that the regulatory mechanisms are more complex and that a neuronal system within the brain is devoted to the control of local brain-blood flow. Recent optogenetic experiments combined with functional magnetic resonance imaging have revealed that light stimulation of neurons expressing the calcium binding protein parvalbumin (PV) is associated with positive blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal in the corresponding barrel field but also with negative BOLD in the surrounding deeper area. Here, we demonstrate that in acute brain slices, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) based photostimulation of PV containing neurons gives rise to an effective contraction of penetrating arterioles. These results support the neurogenic hypothesis of a complex distributed nervous system controlling the CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Urban
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Equipe Optogenetics and Brain Imaging, CNRS UMR 7637, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles ParisTech PARIS, France
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19
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Kennerley AJ, Mayhew JE, Boorman L, Zheng Y, Berwick J. Is optical imaging spectroscopy a viable measurement technique for the investigation of the negative BOLD phenomenon? A concurrent optical imaging spectroscopy and fMRI study at high field (7 T). Neuroimage 2012; 61:10-20. [PMID: 22440642 PMCID: PMC3368428 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to map activity in the human brain by measuring increases in the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal. Often accompanying positive BOLD fMRI signal changes are sustained negative signal changes. Previous studies investigating the neurovascular coupling mechanisms of the negative BOLD phenomenon have used concurrent 2D-optical imaging spectroscopy (2D-OIS) and electrophysiology (Boorman et al., 2010). These experiments suggested that the negative BOLD signal in response to whisker stimulation was a result of an increase in deoxy-haemoglobin and reduced multi-unit activity in the deep cortical layers. However, Boorman et al. (2010) did not measure the BOLD and haemodynamic response concurrently and so could not quantitatively compare either the spatial maps or the 2D-OIS and fMRI time series directly. Furthermore their study utilised a homogeneous tissue model in which is predominantly sensitive to haemodynamic changes in more superficial layers. Here we test whether the 2D-OIS technique is appropriate for studies of negative BOLD. We used concurrent fMRI with 2D-OIS techniques for the investigation of the haemodynamics underlying the negative BOLD at 7 Tesla. We investigated whether optical methods could be used to accurately map and measure the negative BOLD phenomenon by using 2D-OIS haemodynamic data to derive predictions from a biophysical model of BOLD signal changes. We showed that despite the deep cortical origin of the negative BOLD response, if an appropriate heterogeneous tissue model is used in the spectroscopic analysis then 2D-OIS can be used to investigate the negative BOLD phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneurin J Kennerley
- Centre for Signal Processing in Neuroimaging and Systems Neuroscience (SPiNSN), Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
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20
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Devor A, Boas DA, Einevoll GT, Buxton RB, Dale AM. Neuronal Basis of Non-Invasive Functional Imaging: From Microscopic Neurovascular Dynamics to BOLD fMRI. NEURAL METABOLISM IN VIVO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1788-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Nemoto M, Hoshi Y, Sato C, Iguchi Y, Hashimoto I, Kohno E, Hirano T, Terakawa S. Diversity of neural-hemodynamic relationships associated with differences in cortical processing during bilateral somatosensory activation in rats. Neuroimage 2011; 59:3325-38. [PMID: 22166795 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural-hemodynamic relationships may vary depending on cortical processing patterns. To investigate how cortical hemodynamics reflects neural activity involving different cortical processing patterns, we delivered electrical stimulation pulses to rat hindpaws, unilaterally or bilaterally, and simultaneously measured electrophysiological (local field potential, LFP < 100 Hz; multiunit activity, MUA>300 Hz) and optical intrinsic signals associated with changes in cerebral blood volume (CBV). Unilateral stimulation evoked neural and optical signals in bilateral primary somatosensory cortices. Ipsilateral optical responses indicating an increased CBV exhibited a peak magnitude of ~30% and mediocaudal shifts relative to contralateral responses. Correlation analyses revealed different scale factors between contralateral and ipsilateral responses in LFP-MUA and LFP-CBV relationships. Bilateral stimulation at varying time intervals evoked hemodynamic responses that were strongly suppressed at 40-ms intervals. This suppression quantitatively reflected suppressed LFP responses to contralateral testing stimulation and not linear summation, with slowly fluctuating LFP responses to ipsilateral conditioning stimulation. Consequently, in the overall responses to bilateral stimulation, CBV-related responses were more linearly correlated with MUA than with LFPs. When extracting high-frequency components (>30 Hz) from LFPs, we found similar scale factors between contralateral and ipsilateral responses in LFP-MUA and LFP-CBV relationships, resulting in significant linear relationships among these components, MUA, and cortical hemodynamics in overall responses to bilateral stimulation. The dependence of LFP-MUA-hemodynamic relationships on cortical processing patterns and the LFP temporal/spectral structure is important for interpreting hemodynamic signals in complex functional paradigms driving diverse cortical processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Nemoto
- Integrated Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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22
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Li J, Bravo DS, Upton AL, Gilmour G, Tricklebank MD, Fillenz M, Martin C, Lowry JP, Bannerman DM, McHugh SB. Close temporal coupling of neuronal activity and tissue oxygen responses in rodent whisker barrel cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:1983-96. [PMID: 22151136 PMCID: PMC3410543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07927.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity elicits metabolic and vascular responses, during which oxygen is first consumed and then supplied to the tissue via an increase in cerebral blood flow. Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of blood and tissue oxygen (To₂) responses following neuronal activity is crucial for understanding the physiological basis of functional neuroimaging signals. However, our knowledge is limited because previous To₂ measurements have been made at low temporal resolution (>100 ms). Here we recorded To₂ at high temporal resolution (1 ms), simultaneously with co-localized field potentials, at several cortical depths from the whisker region of the somatosensory cortex in anaesthetized rats and mice. Stimulation of the whiskers produced rapid, laminar-specific changes in To₂. Positive To₂ responses (i.e. increases) were observed in the superficial layers within 50 ms of stimulus onset, faster than previously reported. Negative To₂ responses (i.e. decreases) were observed in the deeper layers, with maximal amplitude in layer IV, within 40 ms of stimulus onset. The amplitude of the negative, but not the positive, To₂ response correlated with local field potential amplitude. Disruption of neurovascular coupling, via nitric oxide synthase inhibition, abolished positive To₂ responses to whisker stimulation in the superficial layers and increased negative To₂ responses in all layers. Our data show that To₂ responses occur rapidly following neuronal activity and are laminar dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Li
- Lilly Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Discovery Biology, Lilly Research Centre, Lilly UK, Windlesham, Surrey, UK
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Kannurpatti SS, Biswal BB. Frequency tuning in the rat whisker barrel cortex revealed through RBC flux maps. Brain Res 2011; 1417:16-26. [PMID: 21911212 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The rodent whisker barrel cortex is ideal for studies related to sensory processing and neural plasticity in the brain. However, its small spatial dimensions challenge optical and other imaging technologies mapping cortical hemodynamics as functional resolution (the ability to spatially and selectively discriminate signals from microvascular compartments) limit measurement accuracy. To precisely map hemodynamic activity within the rat posteriomedial barrel subfield (PMBSF), we used functional Laser Doppler Imaging (fLDI) at high spatial resolution with optimized detection and analysis. In this configuration, we demonstrate prominent whisker deflection-induced fLDI hemodynamic responses from microvascular regions indicating the technique's specificity to smaller vessel compartments. Clusters of fLDI activation were confined within the PMBSF region during deflection of either single or all whiskers. Stereotaxic co-ordinate mapping was performed over all animals leading to an average maximum activity cluster at +5.3, -3.5 from the Bregma. The maximum activity cluster during all whisker stimulation combined with the principal activation cluster during deflection of the C1 whisker were used as a reference to characterize the fLDI maps within the PMBSF. fLDI activation area increased with the frequency of whisker deflection. In a quantitative analysis, we reveal the increase in the spatial extent of fLDI activation with stimulation frequency as spatially non-uniform with a bias towards the caudal region for low and rostral region for higher stimulation frequencies.
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Sumiyoshi A, Riera JJ, Ogawa T, Kawashima R. A mini-cap for simultaneous EEG and fMRI recording in rodents. Neuroimage 2011; 54:1951-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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25
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Just N, Petersen C, Gruetter R. BOLD responses to trigeminal nerve stimulation. Magn Reson Imaging 2010; 28:1143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Negative blood oxygen level dependence in the rat: a model for investigating the role of suppression in neurovascular coupling. J Neurosci 2010; 30:4285-94. [PMID: 20335464 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6063-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern neuroimaging techniques rely on neurovascular coupling to show regions of increased brain activation. However, little is known of the neurovascular coupling relationships that exist for inhibitory signals. To address this issue directly we developed a preparation to investigate the signal sources of one of these proposed inhibitory neurovascular signals, the negative blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response (NBR), in rat somatosensory cortex. We found a reliable NBR measured in rat somatosensory cortex in response to unilateral electrical whisker stimulation, which was located in deeper cortical layers relative to the positive BOLD response. Separate optical measurements (two-dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry) revealed that the NBR was a result of decreased blood volume and flow and increased levels of deoxyhemoglobin. Neural activity in the NBR region, measured by multichannel electrodes, varied considerably as a function of cortical depth. There was a decrease in neuronal activity in deep cortical laminae. After cessation of whisker stimulation there was a large increase in neural activity above baseline. Both the decrease in neuronal activity and increase above baseline after stimulation cessation correlated well with the simultaneous measurement of blood flow suggesting that the NBR is related to decreases in neural activity in deep cortical layers. Interestingly, the magnitude of the neural decrease was largest in regions showing stimulus-evoked positive BOLD responses. Since a similar type of neural suppression in surround regions was associated with a negative BOLD signal, the increased levels of suppression in positive BOLD regions could importantly moderate the size of the observed BOLD response.
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Stimulus-induced changes in blood flow and 2-deoxyglucose uptake dissociate in ipsilateral somatosensory cortex. J Neurosci 2009; 28:14347-57. [PMID: 19118167 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4307-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study addresses the relationship between blood flow and glucose consumption in rat primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in vivo. We examined bilateral neuronal and hemodynamic changes and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake, as measured by autoradiography, in response to unilateral forepaw stimulation. In contrast to the contralateral forepaw area, where neuronal activity, blood oxygenation/flow and 2DG uptake increased in unison, we observed, in the ipsilateral SI, a blood oxygenation/flow decrease and arteriolar vasoconstriction in the presence of increased 2DG uptake. Laminar electrophysiological recordings revealed an increase in ipsilateral spiking consistent with the observed increase in 2DG uptake. The vasoconstriction and the decrease in blood flow in the presence of an increase in 2DG uptake in the ipsilateral SI contradict the prominent metabolic hypothesis regarding the regulation of cerebral blood flow, which postulates that the state of neuroglial energy consumption determines the regional blood flow through the production of vasoactive metabolites. We propose that other factors, such as neuronal (and glial) release of messenger molecules, might play a dominant role in the regulation of blood flow in vivo in response to a physiological stimulus.
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28
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Bartlett K, Saka M, Jones M. Polarographic Electrode Measures of Cerebral Tissue Oxygenation: Implications for Functional Brain Imaging. SENSORS 2008; 8:7649-7670. [PMID: 27873951 PMCID: PMC3790982 DOI: 10.3390/s8127649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The changes in blood flow, blood volume and oxygenation that accompany focal increases in neural activity are collectively referred to as the hemodynamic response and form the basis of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques such as blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. A principle factor influencing blood oxygenation, the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption is poorly understood and as such, data from imaging techniques are difficult to interpret in terms of the underlying neural activity. In particular how neurometabolic changes vary temporally, spatially and in magnitude remains uncertain. Furthermore knowledge of which aspects of neural activity are closely reflected by metabolic changes is essential for the correct interpretation of cognitive neuroscience studies in terms of information processing. Polarographic electrode measurements of cerebral tissue oxygenation in animal models following presentation of sensory stimuli have started to address these issues. Early studies demonstrated both increases and decreases in tissue oxygenation following neural activation. However a recent series of elegant studies in the cat visual system demonstrated a tight spatial and temporal coupling between evoked peri-synaptic activity and oxygen consumption following presentation of visual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Bartlett
- The Centre for Signal Processing in Neuroimaging and Systems Neuroscience (SPINSN), Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
| | - Mohamad Saka
- The Centre for Signal Processing in Neuroimaging and Systems Neuroscience (SPINSN), Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
| | - Myles Jones
- The Centre for Signal Processing in Neuroimaging and Systems Neuroscience (SPINSN), Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
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Sanganahalli BG, Herman P, Hyder F. Frequency-dependent tactile responses in rat brain measured by functional MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2008; 21:410-6. [PMID: 18435491 PMCID: PMC2774500 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We measured frequency-dependent functional MRI (fMRI) activations (at 11.7 T) in the somatosensory cortex with whisker and forepaw stimuli in the same alpha-chloralose anesthetized rats. Whisker and forepaw stimuli were attained by computer-controlled pulses of air puffs and electrical currents, respectively. Air puffs deflected (+/-2 mm) the chosen whisker(s) in the right snout in the rostral to caudal direction, and electrical currents (2 mA amplitude, 0.3 ms duration) stimulated the left forepaw with subcutaneous copper electrodes placed between the second and fourth digits. In the same subject, unimodal stimulation of whisker and forepaw gave rise to significant blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal increases in corresponding contralateral somatosensory areas of whisker barrel field (S1BF) and forelimb (S1FL), respectively, with no significant spatial overlap between these regions. The BOLD responses in S1(BF) and S1(FL) regions were found to be differentially variable with frequency of each stimulus type. In the S1BF, a linear increase in the BOLD response was observed with whisker stimulation frequency of up to approximately 12 Hz, beyond which the response seemed to saturate (and/or slightly attenuate) up to the maximum frequency studied (i.e. 30 Hz). In the S1FL, the magnitude of the BOLD response was largest at forepaw stimulation frequency between 1.5 and 3 Hz, beyond which the response diminished with little or no activity at frequencies higher than 20 Hz. The volume of tissue activated by each stimulus type followed a similar pattern to that of the stimulation frequency dependence. These results of bimodal whisker and forepaw stimuli in the same subject may provide a framework to study interactions of different tactile modules, with both fMRI and neurophysiology (i.e. inside and outside the magnet).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peter Herman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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